NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Music of New York City

The music of New York City is a diverse and important field in the world of music; no American city has as central a place in music history as New York City. It has long been a thriving home for jazz, rock and the blues, and is the birthplace of salsa and hip hop. The city's culture, a melting pot of nations from around the world, has produced vital folk music scenes such as Irish-American music and Jewish klezmer. Beginning with the rise of popular sheet music in the early 20th century, New York's Broadway musical theater and Tin Pan Alley's songcraft, New York has been a major part of the American music industry.^[1] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1224x1632, 498 KB)Photographed and uploaded by user:Geographer. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1224x1632, 498 KB)Photographed and uploaded by user:Geographer. ... Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that most often follows a twelve-bar structure. ... Salsa music is a diverse and predominantly Spanish Caribbean genre that is popular across Latin America and among Latinos. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ... Irish and Scottish music have long been a major part of American music, at least as far back as the 19th century. ... Klezmer (from Yiddish ×›Ö¼×œ×™Ö¾×–×ž×™×¨, etymologically from Hebrew kli zemer ×›×œ×™ ×–×ž×¨, musical instrument) is a musical tradition which parallels Hasidic and Ashkenazic Judaism. ... The Lion King at the New Amsterdam Theatre, 2003 Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... Musical theater (or theatre) is a form of theatre combining music, songs, dance, and spoken dialogue. ... Tin Pan Alley was the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... A songwriter is someone who writes either the lyrics or the music for songs. ... The music industry is the industry that creates, performs, promotes, and preserves music. ...

Music author Richie Unterberger has described the New York music scene, and the city itself, as "(i)mmense, richly diverse, flashy, polyethnic, and engaged in a never-ending race for artistic and cosmopolitan supremacy".^[1] Despite the city's historic importance in the development of American music, there are those who feel that its status has declined in recent year, due to a combination of increased corporate control over music media, an increase in the cost-of-living and the rise of local music scenes whose success is facilitated by the cheap communication provided by the Internet ^[2]. Richie Unterberger (b 1962) is an American writer, particularly on rock and other popular music. ... The United States is home to a wide array of regional styles and scenes. ... A cost-of-living index measures differences in the price of goods and services over time. ...

Institutions and venues

New York has been a center for the American music industry since the earliest phonograph records in the early 20th century. Since then, a number of companies and organizations have set up headquarters in New York, from the Tin Pan Alley publishers and Broadway to modern independent rock and hip hop labels, non-profit organizations and others. Many music magazines are headquartered in New York, including Blender Magazine, Punk Magazine, Spin and Rolling Stone.^[3] The music industry is the industry that creates, performs, promotes, and preserves music. ... Tin Pan Alley was the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... The Lion King at the New Amsterdam Theatre, 2003 Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... Blender is an American magazine that bills itself as the ultimate guide to music and more. ... Punk cover, issue 3, 1976 Founders John Holmstrom and Legs McNeil Punk Magazine was a fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, Ged Dunn was the first publisher, provided the initial money, direction and organizational guidence and resident punk Legs McNeil. ... Spin is a music magazine that reports on all the music that rocks. Founded in 1985 by publisher Bob Guccione, Jr. ... This article is about the magazine. ...

Carnegie Hall is one of the most important music venues in the world, especially for classical music; the Hall is noted for its excellent acoustics. The venue was named for philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, but fell into disrepair in the 20th century until being renovated between 1983 and 1995. Radio City Music Hall was also a major venue after opening 1932, and was also recently renovated; it is now a significant architectural attraction as an example of the Art Deco style.^[4] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1727x1185, 431 KB)Photograph of the facade of the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, New York, New York. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1727x1185, 431 KB)Photograph of the facade of the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, New York, New York. ... The Metropolitan Opera is located at Lincoln Center in New York, New York. ... Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 15 acre (61,000 m²) complex of buildings in New York City which serves as home for 12 arts companies. ... Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ... Acoustics is a branch of physics and is the study of sound (mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids). ... Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835 â€“ August 11, 1919) was a Scottish industrialist, businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of Pittsburghs Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ... Radio City Music Hall at Christmas 2005 Radio City Music Hall is an entertainment venue located in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Section of the dome of Florence Cathedral. ... Asheville City Hall. ...

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, located in New York, is the largest performing arts center in the world and the Center is home to twelve resident organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York Philharmonic, New York City Ballet, Chamber Music Society, New York City Opera, Juilliard School, Lincoln Center Theater, and Jazz at Lincoln Center.^[5] The New York Philharmonic, which performs at Avery Fisher Hall, is the oldest orchestra in the United States, founded in 1842. As of 2005, Lorin Maazel is the conductor. The Philharmonic has made more than 500 recordings since 1917, and was one of the first to broadcast live performances, beginning in 1922.^[6] The New York Philharmonic produced celebrated composers such as George Bristow and Theodore Thomas; Bristow was a fiercely nationalistic composer who left the Philharmonic because he felt it did not glorify American music adequately, a situation he, and later Thomas, attempted to rectify.^[7] Download high resolution version (1632x1224, 856 KB)Photographed and uploaded by user:Geographer. ... Download high resolution version (1632x1224, 856 KB)Photographed and uploaded by user:Geographer. ... , Avery Fisher Hall in Lincoln Center. ... Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 15 acre (61,000 m²) complex of buildings in New York City which serves as home for 12 arts companies. ... Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 15 acre (61,000 m²) complex of buildings in New York City which serves as home for 12 arts companies. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ... The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active symphony orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842. ... Logo of the New York City Ballet The New York City Ballet is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein originally known as the American Ballet. ... The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, seen from Lincoln Center Plaza New York State Theater The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, interior, as seen from the stage The New York City Opera (NYCO) is based in Philip Johnsons New York State Theater at Lincoln Center. ... The Juilliard School is one of the worlds premiere performing arts conservatory located in New York City, it is informally identified as simply Juilliard, and trains in the fields of Dance, Drama, and Music. ... Jazz at Lincoln Center is a new addition to the Lincoln Center performing arts complex, located at 60th Street and Broadway in New York City, slightly south of the main Lincoln Center campus and directly adjacent to Columbus Circle. ... The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active symphony orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842. ... , Avery Fisher Hall in Lincoln Center. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lorin Varencove Maazel (born March 6, 1930) is a conductor, violinist and composer. ... A conductor conducting at a ceremony A conductors score and batons Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... George Frederick Bristow (1825 - 1898) was an American composer. ... Theodore Thomas (October 11, 1835–January 4, 1905) was a German-American musician and conductor. ...

Other institutions and organizations in New York include the Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York City Ballet and the Jazz Foundation of America. And let us not forget long defunct venues like the Aeolian Hall of Rhapsody in Blue fame and the old Metropolitan Opera (demolished 1967) at 1411 Broadway between W 39th and W 40th. The Apollo Theater has long been a place for African American performers to begin their careers; it has such an iconic status that Congress has declared it a national landmark. The New York club scene is an important part of the city's music scene, birthplace to many styles of music from disco to punk rock; some of these clubs, such as Studio 54, Max's Kansas City, Mercer Arts Center and CBGB's, have reached an iconic status across the United States. New York is home to several major jazz clubs, including Birdland, Sweet Rhythm (formerly Sweet Basil), Village Vanguard and The Blue Note, the latter being one of the premier spots for jazz lovers. There was a time--now long gone--that 52nd Street in Manhattan, with its numerous clubs, was one of jazz's epicenters. The Greenwich Village folk scene is home to venues such as the long-standing landmark The Bottom Line (now defunct; NYU bought property). New York's rock scene includes clubs such as Irving Plaza and Maxwell's, while the city's avant-gard "downtown" scene includes The Kitchen, Roulette and Knitting Factory. The Latin and world music scene features venues such as S.O.B.'s and the Wetlands Preserve.^[1] Image File history File linksMetadata New_York_City_Opera. ... Image File history File linksMetadata New_York_City_Opera. ... , The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, seen from the Lincoln Center Plaza. ... Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 15 acre (61,000 m²) complex of buildings in New York City which serves as home for 12 arts companies. ... The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, seen from Lincoln Center Plaza New York State Theater The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, interior, as seen from the stage The New York City Opera (NYCO) is based in Philip Johnsons New York State Theater at Lincoln Center. ... Logo of the New York City Ballet The New York City Ballet is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein originally known as the American Ballet. ... Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) is a major performing arts venue in Brooklyn, a borough of New York City, known as a center for progressive and avant garde performance. ... Logo of the New York City Ballet The New York City Ballet is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein originally known as the American Ballet. ... Aeolian Hall was a concert hall near Times Square in Midtown Manhattan, New York City located on the third floor of 29-33 West 42nd Street (also 34 West 43rd Street, from the other side) across the street from Bryant Park. ... Cover of the original sheet music of the two piano version of Rhapsody in Blue. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ... Apollo Theater marquee, c. ... The term National landmark may refer to one of two programs of the United States government: National Historic Landmark National Natural Landmark Also see: Listed building (United Kingdom equivalent) This is a disambiguation pageâ€”a list of articles associated with the same title. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Disco is a genre of dance-oriented pop music that was popularized in dance clubs (discothÃ¨ques) in the mid-1970s, and which dominated mainstream pop until the late 1970s. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... The original Studio 54 logo. ... Maxs Kansas City was a nightclub (upstairs) and restaurant (downstairs) between 17th and 18th Streets, on Park Avenue South in New York City. ... CBGB, also CBGBs or CBs is a legendary club in the Manhattan Bowery district of New York City, New York. ... In jazz, Birdland may refer to: A famous jazz club in New York City, originally located on 52nd Street, now at at 315 W. 44th St. ... The Village Vanguard is a famous jazz club, located at 178 Seventh Avenue (just below W 11th St. ... Blue Note is a chain of jazz clubs with restaurants. ... 52nd Street, properly West 52nd Street, is a cross street in Manhattan in the Broadway district known as the street of jazz, the street that never sleeps or, simply, the street. The blocks of 52nd Street between 5th and 6th avenues were renowned in the mid 20th century for the... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ... Irving Plaza is a 1,200-person club/ballroom at 17 Irving Place and East 15th Street in New York City that was built in 1914. ... Maxwell is a common Scottish, English, or Irish name that may refer to: // Anna Maxwell (1851â€“1929) Augustus Maxwell (1820â€“1903) Blakey Harris James 2006 Colt Telecom Brian Maxwell (1953â€“2004) Carmen Maxwell Cedric Maxwell (born 1955) Charlie Maxwell (born 1927) David Maxwell (academic) David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of... The Kitchen is a non-profit, multi-disciplinary art space in New York. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Wetlands Preserve was a live music venue in Tribeca, New York City that closed 2001. ...

Festivals, holidays and parades

New York City has a long history of using music in various festivals and parades, though the vibrant local music scene has meant that festivals aren't as big a draw as in many cities, since residents are near major sources of live music all the time. The diverse groups of immigrants living in New York have each brought with them their own holiday traditions. As a result, major festivals of music in New York include the Chinese New Year celebrations, Pulaski Day Parade and the St. Patrick's Day Parade run by the Ancient Order of Hibernians; New York is home to the largest St. Patrick's Day Parade in the world, a tradition that has continued since 1762 due to the large Irish population in New York. Irish folk music and folk-rock are the major styles at the two-day Guinness Fleadh festival. The College Music Journal Network's annual Music Marathon has been held since 1980, providing a major showcase for new music. Central Park Summerstage, a series of free concerts presented by City Parks Foundation and hosting performers of many kinds, is also a major part of New York's summer music scene, which also includes the July Intel New York Music Festival. There are numerous New York jazz festivals, including the Texaco New York Jazz Festival, Panasonic Village Jazz Festival, the JVC Jazz Festival, and the free Charlie Parker Jazz Festival.^[1] City Parks Foundation also presents CityParks Concerts each summer, a series of thirty free concerts in ten parks across all five boroughs of the city. Chinese New Year (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), or Spring Festival or the Lunar New Year (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. ... See also Casimir Pulaski Day External link http://www. ... St. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Summerstage now in its 20th season is New Yorks Premiere outdoor concert stage in Central Park (New York City, USA) that provides a series of free and paid performances of music, dance, performance art,reading and spoken word throughout the summer months . ... City Parks Foundation is a New York City-based non-profit dedicated to the enrichment of urban parks and neighborhoods through programming in parks, including athletic instruction for youth and seniors, performing arts, and education programs, all offered free of charge. ... City Parks Foundation is a New York City-based non-profit dedicated to the enrichment of urban parks and neighborhoods through programming in parks, including athletic instruction for youth and seniors, performing arts, and education programs, all offered free of charge. ...

Music history

The first music performed in the area that is now New York City was that of the Lenape Native Americans who lived there. However, little is known of these peoples' musical lives. The earliest documented music comes after the foundation of the city (then called New Amsterdam) by Dutch explorers, who controlled the area until the British conquest in 1664. The music of New York City's colonial era was primarily British in character, gradually evolving as the United States became independent and developed a distinct culture; the influence of African American music became very important as the city's African American population increased throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. There are hundreds of tribes of Native Americans (called the First Nations in Canada), each with diverse musical practices, spread across the United States and Canada. ... African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority of the population of the United States. ...

By the 1830s, New York City was gradually becoming the most important cultural center in the United States, and was a home for many varieties of folk, popular and classical music. Late in the 19th century, many influential conservatories and venues were founded, including the world-famous Metropolitan Opera House and Carnegie Hall. New York's status as a center for musical development continued into the 20th century, leading to the foundation of many companies associated with the American music industry in the city. These companies included sheet music publishers, based around an area called Tin Pan Alley, and later record labels and other organizations and institutions. The rise of the Broadway theatres began in the early part of the century; the songs from Broadways musicals became some of the earliest American popular music, and eventually came to be treated as pop standards. The Metropolitan Opera is located at Lincoln Center in New York, New York. ... Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ... Tin Pan Alley was the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Lion King at the New Amsterdam Theatre, 2003 Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... The Fantasticks is the longest-running musical in history Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, spoken dialogue and dance. ... The term pop standards refers to an American songwriting, arranging, and singing style that is widely considered as the high point of Western vocal popular music. ...

Early history

As the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, New York City was populated by Dutch settlers who left little musical trace behind, excepting some songs such as "Dutch Prayer of Thanksgiving", "Rosa" and "The Little Dustman". Under English rule, sea shanties, open-air singing gardens, sometimes with fireworks, ballads and other Anglo-Irish traditions became widespread. New York's colonial ballads were often topical, concerning the events of the day and the local gossip. Beginning in 1732, ballads were placed together with a story tying them together, forming a performance genre called the ballad opera, the best-known of which is The Beggar's Opera, first performed in 1752. The same period, the early to mid-18th century, also saw the first concerts held in New York City, and the arrival of William Tuckey, who helped establish church music in the city.^[8] Sea shanties (singular shanty, also spelled chantey; derived from the French word chanter, to sing) were shipboard working songs. ... Fireworks over Miami, Florida, USA on American Independence Day Fireworks at Epcot, Florida, USA The Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House illuminated under New Years Eve Fireworks 2005 A Fireworks event (also called a fireworks show) or Pyrotechnics is a spectacular display of the effects produced by... Illustration by Arthur Rackham of the ballad The Twa Corbies A ballad is a story, usually a narrative or poem, in a song. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... Ballad opera is a genre of 18th century English stage entertainment. ... Painting based on The Beggars Opera, Scene V, William Hogarth, c. ... 1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

New York's rise as the intellectual and artistic center of the United States occurred in the 1830s. This period, which coincided with an upsurge in American nationalism, saw major growth in choral music, with musical societies being formed in most major cities, like New York; these choral societies remained a fixture of American music throughout the 19th century. Military bands were also common throughout the country, as was singing family troupes such as the Hutchinson Family. Later still, minstrel shows, comic and musical acts performed by whites in blackface, spread across the country. In New York, Italian operas were very popular throughout much of the century.^[7] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x1542, 252 KB) Description: Title: de: GemÃ¤lde nach John Gays Â»BettleroperÂ«, Szene V Technique: de: Ã–l auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 56 Ã— 72,5 cm Country of origin: de: GroÃŸbritanien Current location (city): de: London Current location (gallery): de: Tate... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x1542, 252 KB) Description: Title: de: GemÃ¤lde nach John Gays Â»BettleroperÂ«, Szene V Technique: de: Ã–l auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 56 Ã— 72,5 cm Country of origin: de: GroÃŸbritanien Current location (city): de: London Current location (gallery): de: Tate... // Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Evolutionary theorist Charles Darwins expedition on the HMS Beagle. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Hutchinson Family Singers were a 19th-century American family singing group who sang about political causes in four-part harmony. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ...

Near the end of the 19th century, modern conservatories opened in many cities, and New York became the home of the Metropolitan Opera House in 1882 and Carnegie Hall in 1891, the latter's opening being marked by an appearance by the famed Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. In 1892, Antonín Dvořák became Director of the National Conservatory of Music. Dvořák, a Bohemian composer, was fascinated with Native and African American folk music, and he was enthusiastic about encouraging a nationalist American field of music that utilized those fields. Dvořák only stayed on for three years before returning to Bohemia, though he influenced later composers such as his pupil, the African American composer Harry Thacker Burleigh.^[7] A music school or conservatoire (British English) â€” also known as a conservatory (American English) or a conservatorium (Australian English) â€” is an institution dedicated to teaching the art of music, including the playing of musical instruments, musical composition, musicianship, music history, and music theory. ... The Metropolitan Opera is located at Lincoln Center in New York, New York. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr (Peter) Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Russian: ÐŸÑ‘Ñ‚Ñ€ Ð˜Ð»ÑŒÐ¸Ñ‡ Ð§Ð°Ð¹ÐºoÐ²ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, PÃ«tr Ilâ€™iÄ ÄŒajkovskij; )[1] (7 May [O.S. 25 April] 1840 â€“ 6 November [O.S. 25 October] 1893), was a Russian composer of the Romantic era. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... AntonÃn Leopold DvoÅ™Ã¡k ( ; September 8, 1841 â€“ May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed the idioms and melodies of the folk music of his native Bohemiaand Moravia in symphonic, oratorial, chamber and operatic works. ... National Conservatory of Music may refer to: National Conservatory of Music of America, a school founded by Jeannette Thurber in New York City in 1885 [1] CNSM de Lyon, in Lyon, France [2] National Conservatory of Music (Tunis) Category: ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Harry Burleigh Harry Thacker Burleigh (December 2, 1866â€“December 12, 1949), a baritone, was the first African American to become a successful classical composer. ...

George Bristow was an important composer of the latter 19th century. He was a violinist with the New York Philharmonic, later conducting an orchestra called the Harmonic Society. He attempted to popularize an indigenous American sound in his music, using nationalist elements such as a Native American melody in his Symphony No. 4. Theodore Thomas also worked at the New York Philharmonic before forming the New York Symphony Orchestra. He hired many of the best performers of the day in an attempt to lure in audiences, and he promoted a more casual atmosphere to encourage attendance and enthusiasm.^[9] George Frederick Bristow (1825 - 1898) was an American composer. ... The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active symphony orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842. ... There are hundreds of tribes of Native Americans (called the First Nations in Canada), each with diverse musical practices, spread across the United States and Canada. ... Theodore Thomas (October 11, 1835–January 4, 1905) was a German-American musician and conductor. ... The New York Symphony Society was an orchestra founded in New York City by Leopold Damrosch in 1878. ...

Classical and art music history

New York's position as a center for European classical music can be traced back to the early 19th century. The New York Philharmonic, formed in 1842, did much to help establish the city's reputation. The first two major New York composers were William Fry and George Bristow, both of whom were involved in a well-known 1854 controversy over the Philharmonic's programming choices. The controversy consisted of a series of letters published in the Musical World and Times following a poor review of Fry's Santa Claus Symphony. Fry's first letter, responding angrily to the review, claimed that the Philharmonic had played no pieces by American composers, to which Bristow responded that the Philharmonic had played one piece, an overture he had composed. Henry C. Timm, one of the founders of the Philharmonic, responded by noting a number of recently-composed works.^[9] Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active symphony orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... William Fry may refer to: William Henry Fry (1813â€“1864), an American composer Sir William Gordon Fry (1909â€“2000), an Australian politician Category: ... George Frederick Bristow (1825 - 1898) was an American composer. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Both Fry and Bristow, despite their support for American compositions, were very European in style. Fry's most notable composition was the opera Leonora, which received mixed reviews upon its opening and was criticized for its debt to Vincenzo Bellini's bel canto style. Bristow was also very European in his style, and was a violinist and conductor with the Philharmonic until the 1854 controversy, though he later rejoined. His most important work was the opera Rip Van Winkle, and was very popular at the time; most influentially, Rip Van Winkle used an American folktale rather than European imitations.^[9] Vincenzo Bellini Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (November 3, 1801 â€“ September 23, 1835) was an Italian opera composer. ... The term Bel Canto may refer to: Belcanto, a vocal technique; or Bel Canto, a novel by Ann Patchett. ...

The New York native Edward MacDowell was a major late 19th century composer, though he spent most of his productive time in Boston. His first concerto was premiered in New York in 1888, and he returned the following year to premier another concerto. MacDowell eventually began using elements of American folk music in his compositions, especially the Woodland Sketches. The Bohemian composer Antonín Dvořák came to New York in 1892 to head the National Conservatory. A fervent nationalist, Dvořák used the folk music of his native land in his music, and encouraged American composers to do the same. One of the Conservatory's students, the African American Harry Burleigh, introduced him to the songs of the minstrel shows and spirituals, and Dvořák was deeply moved, enough to write a well-known essay in an 1895 issue of Harper's declaring that American composers should use the diverse folk elements of their country in their compositions.^[9] Edward and Marian MacDowell. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... AntonÃn Leopold DvoÅ™Ã¡k ( ; September 8, 1841 â€“ May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed the idioms and melodies of the folk music of his native Bohemiaand Moravia in symphonic, oratorial, chamber and operatic works. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... National Conservatory may refer to: National Conservatory of Dramatic Arts of Paris National Conservatory of Music Category: ... Harry Burleigh (1866-1949), baritone, was the first African-American to become a successful Classical composer. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... == Historical background on spiritual music Spirituals were often expressions of religious faith, although they may also have served as socio-political protests veiled as assimilation to white, American culture. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... An issue of Harpers Magazine from 1905 Another issue, from November 2004 Harpers Magazine (or simply Harpers) is a monthly magazine of politics and culture. ...

In the early 20th century, the New York classical music scene included Charles Griffes, originally from Elmira, New York, who began publishing his most innovative material in 1914. His collaboration with other area performers and composers on The Kairn of Koridwen was an early attempt to use musical themes adopted from non-Western cultures, specifically, Japanese and Javanese music. He was to continue in this vein with the score for Rupert Brooke's "Wai Kiki", the ballet Sho-Jo, or — the Spirit of Wine, A Symbol of Happiness and his orchestral composition The Pleasure-Dome of Kubla Khan. Besides Griffes, New York composers included Marion Bauer, Leo Ornstein and Rubin Goldmark,^[9] all three of which were either Jewish immigrants or the children of Jewish immigrants. Charles Tomlinson Griffes (Elmira, New York September 17, 1884 â€“ April 8, 1920 in New York City} was an American composer. ... Location in Chemung County in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York County Chemung County Government - Mayor John S. Tonello (D) Area - City 7. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The gamelan orchestra, based on metallic percussion with winds and drums, is well-known to many readers. ... A statue of Rupert Brooke in Rugby Rupert Chawner Brooke (August 3, 1887 â€“ April 23, 1915) was an English poet known for his idealistic War Sonnets written during the First World War (especially The Soldier), as well as for his poetry written outside of war, especially The Old Vicarage, Grantchester... Marion Bauer (b. ... Leo Ornstein (c. ... Rubin Goldmark (August 15, 1872 (New York City) - March 6, 1936 (New York City)) was an American composer, pianist, and educator. ...

The best-known New York composer, indeed, the best-known American classical composer of any kind, was George Gershwin. Gershwin was a songwriter with Tin Pan Alley and the Broadway theatres, and his works were strongly influenced by jazz, or rather the precursors to jazz that were extant during his time. It is not clear that he was a classical musician, though neither is it clear that he worked in jazz, popular music or any other field — he primarily synthesized and utilized elements of many styles, including the music of New York's Yiddish theatre, vaudeville, ragtime, operetta, jazz, Tin Pan Alley and Broadway songs, the music of the Gullah people and the impressionist and post-Romantic music of European composers. Some of his most famous compositions were the Rhapsody in Blue and Concerto in F, both of which utilized jazz idioms. Gershwin's work made American classical music more focused, and attracted an unheard of amount of international attention ^[10]. This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Tin Pan Alley was the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... The Lion King at the New Amsterdam Theatre, 2003 Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Eastern European Ashkenazaic Jewish community. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Look up ragtime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cover of the original sheet music of the two piano version of Rhapsody in Blue. ... Concerto in F is a composition by George Gershwin for solo piano and orchestra which is closer in form to a traditional concerto than the earlier jazz-influenced Rhapsody in Blue. ...

Following Gershwin, the first major composer was Aaron Copland from Brooklyn, who used elements of American folk music, though it remained European in technique and form. His works included the Organ Symphony (which was well-received, earning him comparisons to Stravinsky), the jazz-affected Music for the Theatre, the music for the ballet Appalachian Spring and the Piano Variations. Later, he turned to the ballet and then serial music.^[9] Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 â€“ December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music, as well as an accomplished pianist. ... The Symphony No. ... Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Russian: Ð˜Ð³Ð¾Ñ€ÑŒ Ð¤Ñ‘Ð´Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, Igor FÃ«doroviÄ Stravinskij) (June 17, 1882 â€“ April 6, 1971) was a Russian composer, considered by many in both the West and his native land to be the most influential composer of 20th-century music. ... Appalachian Spring is a ballet score by Aaron Copland that premiered in October 1944, and achieved widespread popularity as an orchestral suite. ... The Piano Variations of American composer Aaron Copland were written for piano solo from January to October of 1930. ... Serialism is a rigorous system of composing music in which various elements of the piece are ordered according to a pre-determined ordered set or sets, and variations on them. ...

The early to mid 20th century New York classical music scene also produced composers such as Roger Sessions, an academically oriented composer known for operas such as Motezuma. The similarly academic William Schuman became known for writing symphonies such as Symphony No. 2, New England Triptych and the Third Symphony; Schuman also became president of Juilliard, changing the school by forming the Juilliard String Quartet and merging the Institute of Musical Art with the Juilliard Graduate School, as well as hiring teachers such as Williams Bergsma, Peter Mennin and Hugo Weisgall, who went on to teach future luminaries such as Steve Reich and Philip Glass.^[9] Roger Sessions (28 December 1896 â€“ 16 March 1985) was an American composer, critic and teacher of music. ... Motezuma is an opera in three acts by Antonio Vivaldi with an Italian libretto by Girolamo Giusti. ... William Howard Schuman (August 4, 1910â€“February 15, 1992) was an American composer and music administrator. ... New England Triptych is a symphonic composition by William Schuman. ... The Symphony No. ... The Juilliard School is a performing arts conservatory in New York City, informally but definitively identified as simply Juilliard, and most famous for its musically-trained alumni. ... The Juilliard String Quartet is a classical music string quartet founded in 1946 at the Juilliard School in New York. ... Peter Mennin (born Mennini) (May 17, 1923, Erie, Pennsylvania – June 17, 1983, New York City) was an American composer and teacher. ... Hugo Weisgall (1912â€“1997) was a American composer, known chiefly for opera and vocal music. ... Stephen Michael Reich (born October 3, 1936) is an American composer. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...

In the middle of the 20th century, the most influential New York composers included the Massachusetts native and conductor and composer Leonard Bernstein, known for his works Prelude, Fugue and Riffs, Serenade, Chichester Psalms and the musicals On the Town and West Side Story. Another major composer was Elliott Carter, whom John Warthen Struble claimed would likely be remembered as "the most significant of the mid-20th century... composers [because he] reconceived and restructured the fundamental language of Western art music in evolving his powerful personal style... his music has earned immense respect from colleagues of virtually every esthetic stripe, as well as three generations of performing musicians and audiences". Carter's compositions included the Wind Quintet and the Sonata for Cello and Piano. In addition to Carter and Bernstein, in the mid-20th century, New York produced the film composer Bernard Herrmann, Gunther Schuller and serialist Leon Kirchner.^[9] Leonard Bernstein in 1971 Leonard Bernstein (IPA pronunciation: )[1] (August 25, 1918 â€“ October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, and pianist. ... Score of page 1, Movement I of The Chichester Psalms, Boosey & Hawkes edition. ... On the Town is a musical that opened on Broadway at the Adelphi Theatre on December 28, 1944, with music by Leonard Bernstein, book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, direction by George Abbott, and choreography by Jerome Robbins. ... For The Games song, see Westside Story (song). ... Elliott Cook Carter, Jr. ... A wind quintet, also sometimes known as a woodwind quintet, is a group of five wind players (most commonly flute, oboe, clarinet, horn and bassoon). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Gunther Schuller Gunther Schuller (born November 22, 1925) studied at the St. ... Leon Kirchner (born January 24, 1919 in Brooklyn, NY) is an American composer of classical music. ...

Many of the later 20th century composers in various modernist and minimalist styles came from outside of New York City, such as John Cage from Los Angeles, though many studied, performed or conducted in New York, the center for American music. John Corigliano, however, is a New York native who has worked exclusively in tonal idioms for most of his career. Steve Reich innovated a technique known as phasing, in which two musical activities are begun simultaneously and repeated, gradually drifting out of sync with each other in a natural evolution; Reich was also very interested in non-Western music, incorporating African rhythmic techniques in his compositions Drumming.^[9] For the Mortal Kombat character, see Johnny Cage. ... John Corigliano (b. ... Stephen Michael Reich (born October 3, 1936) is an American composer. ... In music the compositional technique phasing, popularized by composer Steve Reich, is that while the same part is played on two musical instruments, one instrumentalist keeps playing in steady tempo, while the other gradually moves ahead of the first until it becomes out of and then back in phase (the... Drumming is a piece of music by the minimalist composer Steve Reich. ...

Most recently, New York has become home to a Manhattan-based scene sometimes vaguely called New Music. These composers and performers are strongly influenced by the minimalist works of Philip Glass, a Baltimore native based out of New York, Meredith Monk and others. The most famous person from this scene is easily John Zorn, often cited as a jazz musician though he works in many fields and idioms. Others include Arto Lindsay, John Lurie, Laurie Anderson and Bill Laswell.^[1] This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Meredith Monk (born November 20, 1942, in Lima, Peru[1]) is an American composer, performer, director, vocalist, film-maker, and choreographer. ... John Zorn (born September 2, 1953 in Queens, USA) is an American avant-garde composer, arranger, record producer, saxophonist and multi-instrumentalist. ... Arto Lindsay (born May 28, 1953) is an American guitarist and singer. ... John Lurie (December 14, 1952) is an actor, musician, painter and producer born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. In 1978 he formed The Lounge Lizards, initially a New-York-car-crash jazz combo with his brother Evan Lurie. ... Laurie Anderson (born Laura Phillips Anderson, on June 5, 1947, in Glen Ellyn, Illinois) is an American experimental performance artist and musician. ... Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem, Illinois and raised in Albion, Michigan) is an American bassist, producer and record label owner. ...

Popular music

New York is the center of the American music industry, and by extension, is one of the major centers for popular music worldwide. The city attained an iconic musical status in the early 20th century. Later, New York retained its position as the major center for the American music industry, despite the rise of other cities such as Chicago, Los Angeles, Nashville, and San Francisco Nickname: Motto: â€œUrbs in Hortoâ€ (Latin: â€œCity in a Gardenâ€), â€œI Willâ€ Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country United States State Illinois Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 234. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,290. ... For other cities named Nashville, see Nashville (disambiguation). ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

The African American genre of jazz was closely associated with New York by the middle of the 20th century, when a number of avant-garde performers helped created styles such as hard bop and free jazz. Later still, New York was the major American home for the punk rock and New Wave movements, and was the scene for the invention of both African American hip hop music and Latino salsa music. Musicians from New York have also dominated the Jewish-American klezmer scene, the Greenwich Village old-time music revival, and the straight 1960s pop music exemplified by the Brill Building sound. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Hard bop is an extension of bebop (bop) music which incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... New Wave is a term that has been used to describe many developments in music, but is most commonly associated with a movement in Western popular music in the late 1970s and early 1980s inspired by the punk rock movement. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Salsa music is a diverse and predominantly Spanish Caribbean genre that is popular across Latin America and among Latinos. ... Klezmer (from Yiddish ×›Ö¼×œ×™Ö¾×–×ž×™×¨, etymologically from Hebrew kli zemer ×›×œ×™ ×–×ž×¨, musical instrument) is a musical tradition which parallels Hasidic and Ashkenazic Judaism. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ... West Virginia fiddler Edden Hammons, accompanied by his son James on the banjo Old-time music is a form of North American folk music, with roots in the folk music of many countries, including England, Scotland and Ireland, as well as the continent of Africa. ... For popular forms of music in general, see Popular music. ... The Brill Building (1930- ) in the United States is located at 1619 Broadway, in New York City, New York, just north of Times Square. ...

Tin Pan Alley

Main article: Tin Pan Alley Tin Pan Alley was the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ...

Tin Pan Alley was a center for music publishing around the turn of the 20th century. Numerous professional songwriters lived in the area, churning out songs ready for mainstream America during a time that music, like other aspects of American culture, was becoming a national rather than a regional affair.^[11] Tin Pan Alley was originally in an area called Union Square, and it had become the major center for music publishing by the mid-1890s.^[12] The songwriters of this era wrote formulaic songs, many of them sentimental ballads ^[13]. Some of the most notable publishers included Willis Woodward, the Witmark house of publishing, Charles K. Harris, and Edward B. Marks and Joseph W. Stern. Stern and Marks began writing together as amateurs in 1894, with "The Little Lost Child"; the song became a hit after it attracted the attention of popular stage performer Della Fox. However, Paul Dresser was, in the words of David Ewen, the "richest contributor of sentimental ballads to Union Square". He was an original composer, less maudlin, less cloyingly sentimental and less cliché-ridden than his contemporaries ^[14]. Tin Pan Alley was the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... Union Square Park (also known as Union Square) is an important and historic intersection in New York City, located where Broadway and the Bowery came together in the early 19th century. ... The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no... Witmark catalog from the 1997 spring season. ... Charles Kassel Harris (May 1, 1867 â€“ December 2, 1930) was a well regarded American songwriter of popular music. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Paul Dresser (born April 22, 1859; died January 31, 1906) was an important American songwriter in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ...

In addition to the popular, mainstream ballads and other clean-cut songs, some Tin Pan Alley publishers focused on rough songs such as "Drill Ye Tarriers" in 1888, believed to have been written by an unskilled laborer turned stage performer named Thomas F. Casey. Coon songs were another important part of Tin Pan Alley, derived from the watered-down songs of the minstrel show with the "verve and electricity" brought by the "assimilation of the ragtime rhythm". The first popular coon song was "New Coon in Town", introduced in 1883, and was followed by a wave of coon shouters such as Ernest Hogan and May Irwin ^[15]. Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Sheet music to Coon Coon Coon, which bills itself as The Most Successful Song Hit of 1901. ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Ernest Hogan Ernest Hogan (born Ernest Reuben Crowders, 1868? to 1909) was the first African American entertainer to produce and star in a Broadway show (The Oyster Man in 1907) and helped create the musical genre of ragtime. ... May Irwin born June 27, 1862 in Whitby, Ontario, Canada – died October 22, 1938 in New York City, United States, was an actress, singer and major star of vaudeville. ...

Musical theatre

The early 20th century also saw the growth of Broadway theatre, a group of theatres specializing in musicals. Broadway became on the preeminent locations for musical theater in the world, and produced a body of songs that led Donald Clarke to call the era (ca. 1914 to 1950), the golden age of songwriting. The need to adapt enjoyable songs to the constraints of a theater and a plot enabled and encouraged a growth in songwriting and the rise of composers such as George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Irving Berlin and Jerome Kern. Most of these songwriters were Jewish, descended from Jews who fled the persecution of the Russian Empire.^[11] The Lion King at the New Amsterdam Theatre, 2003 Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... Musical theatre (sometimes, although less often than not, spelled theater rather than theatre) is a form of theatre combining music, songs, dance, and spoken dialogue. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 â€“ October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter from Indiana. ... Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 â€“ September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, one of the most prodigious and famous American songwriters in history. ... Jerome David Kern (January 27, 1885 â€“ November 11, 1945) was an American composer of popular music. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ...

Professional Yiddish theater in New York began in 1882 with a troupe founded by Boris Thomashefsky. The plays in the late 19th century were realistic, while in the beginning of the 20th century, they became more political and artistic in orientation. Some performers were well-respected enough to move back and forth between the Yiddish theatre and Broadway, including Bertha Kalich and Jacob Adler. Some of the major composers included Abraham Goldfaden, Joseph Rumshinsky and Sholom Secunda,^[9] while playwrights included David Pinski, Solomon Libin, Jacob Gordin and Leon Kobrin. Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Boris Thomashefsky was founder of the first Yiddish Theater troupe in New York City in 1882. ... Bertha Kalich (May 17, 1874 – April 18, 1939) was a Jewish actress, born in Lemberg, Galicia (now Lviv, Ukraine), primarily known for her roles in Yiddish theater in New York City. ... Categories: People stubs | Jewish film and theatre | 1855 births | 1926 deaths ... Abraham Goldfaden Abraham Goldfaden (July 24, 1840 – January 9, 1908), born Abraham Goldenfoden (first name alternately Avram, Avron, Avrohom, Avrom, or Avrum, last name alternately Goldfadn; the Romanian spelling Avram Goldfaden is common) was a Russian-born Jewish poet and playwright, author of some 40 plays. ... Shalom Secunda (1894-1974) was a Jewish composer, born in the Ukraine and educated in the United States. ... Poster: the Federal Theatre presents Pinskis The Tailor Becomes a Storekeeper (Chicago, 1930s) David Pinski (1872–1959) was a Yiddish language writer, probably best known as a playwright. ... Jacob Gordin, circa 1895 Jacob Michailovitch Gordin (May 1, 1853â€“June 11, 1909), was a Ukrainian-born Russian Jewish playwright active in the early years of Yiddish theater. ... Leon Kobrin (18731–1946) was a playwright in Yiddish theater, writer of short stories and novels, and a translator. ...

Blues and jazz

The New York blues was a type of blues music, characterized by significant jazz influences and a more modernized, urban feel than the country blues. It arose in New York City in the early part of the 20th century, and quickly spread to other urban areas and, often, more affluent listeners than country blues, which is distinctively rural in nature. Prominent musicians from this field include Lionel Hampton and Joe Turner. The New York blues is a type of blues music, characterized by significant jazz influences and a more modernized, urban feel than the country blues. ... Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that most often follows a twelve-bar structure. ... Lionel Hampton with George W. Bush Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908, Louisville, Kentucky â€“ August 31, 2002 New York City), was a jazz bandleader and percussionist. ...

In New York City, jazz was fused with stride (an advanced form of ragtime) and became highly evolved. Fletcher Henderson's jazz orchestra, first appearing in 1923, included Coleman Hawkins and later, Louis Armstrong, became wildly popular and helped invent swing music. Though Henderson was among the first major New York jazz musicians, he was not as able to adapt to the rapidly changing style as some of his contemporaries, such as Duke Ellington. When Ellington moved to New York City, he inaguarated a legion of jazz musicians that did the same and moved the center of jazz's development from Chicago to New York. Charlie Parker Source: http://amb. ... Charlie Parker Source: http://amb. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Stride is a type of piano-playing, used primarily in jazz. ... Look up ragtime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Fletcher Hamilton Henderson, Jr. ... Coleman Hawkins Coleman Randolph Hawkins, nicknamed Hawk and sometimes Bean, (November 21, 1901 or 1904 - May 19, 1969) was a prominent jazz tenor saxophone musician. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of jazz music that developed during the 1920s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United States. ... Edward Kennedy â€œDukeâ€ Ellington (April 29, 1899â€“May 24, 1974) was an American jazz composer, pianist, and band leader who has been one of the most influential figures in jazz, if not in all American music. ...

The style that developed from New York's big jazz bands became known as swing music; it was a very danceable and catchy style, played originally by large black orchestras. Later, white bands led by people such as Jimmy Dorsey and Benny Goodman began to dominate. These large orchestras produced a number of instrumentalists that had a profound effect on the later evolution of jazz, including Coleman Hawkin's tenor saxophone innovations, electric guitarist Charlie Christian and improvisational Lester Young. Star vocalists also emerged, mainly women such as the bluesy Billie Holiday and the scat singer Ella Fitzgerald.^[1] Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of jazz music that developed during the 1920s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United States. ... James Jimmy Dorsey (February 29, 1904 - June 12, 1957) was a prominent jazz clarinetist, saxophonist and big band leader. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Charlie Christian (29 July 1916 â€“ 2 March 1942) was an American jazz guitarist. ... Lester Young Lester Willis Young (August 27, 1909 â€“ March 15, 1959), nicknamed Prez, was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and clarinetist. ... Billie Holiday (April 7, 1915 â€“ July 17, 1959), born Eleanora Fagan and later called Lady Day was an American singer widely considered one of the greatest jazz voices of all time. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Ella Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 â€“ June 15, 1996), also known as Lady Ella and the First Lady of Song, is considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th Century. ...

New York's jazz scene was the home of bebop, which evolved over many years and reached its full identity in the mid-1940s. Charlie Christian, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker and Thelonious Monk were among the major innovators of the style. Bebop "polarized listers, critics and musicians alike" because it differed from swing in many important ways, including a lack of typical riffs and danceable beats, the use of melodic progression and the chords as the basis for all soloing and improvising. Bebop is a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. ... John Birks Dizzy Gillespie (October 21, 1917 â€“ January 6, 1993) was born in Cheraw, South Carolina. ... Charles Bird Parker, Jr. ... Thelonious Sphere Monk (October 10, 1917 â€“ February 17, 1982) was a jazz pianist and composer. ... Riff is also an alternate spelling of Rif, a region of Morocco. ...

In the 1950s, jazz began to diversify into a number of new genres, spread out into many cities. The West Coast became a home for cool jazz, though the style's major innovator was New York-based Miles Davis. New York was also a major center for hard bop, and was home to Sonny Rollins and Art Blakey. Late in the 1950s, the Los Angeles-based Ornette Coleman moved to New York, bringing with him the nascent style of free jazz. He was later joined by a number of others, most famously including John Coltrane; Coltrane and his contemporaries, such as Albert Ayler and Sun Ra.^[1] CD reissue of Daviss 1957 LP Birth of the Cool, collecting much of his 1949 to 1950 work. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Hard bop is an extension of bebop (bop) music which incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. ... Theodore Walter Sonny Rollins (born September 7, 1930 in New York City) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Ornette Coleman (born March 19, 1930) is an American saxophonist and composer. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 â€“ July 17, 1967), nicknamed Trane, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. ... Albert Ayler (July 13, 1936â€“November 1970) was an American jazz saxophonist, singer and composer. ... Sun Ra (Born Herman Poole Blount; legal name Le Sonyr Ra;[1] born May 22, 1914 in Birmingham, Alabama, died May 30, 1993 in Birmingham, Alabama) was an innovative jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, poet and philosopher known for his cosmic philosophy, musical compositions and performances. ...

The last few decades have seen a further diffusion of jazz from New York and other major long-time capitals, to cities and regions across the United States and the world. Many New York jazz performers during this period played fusions of jazz with rock and other styles; among the earliest of these modern musicians was Carla Bley, cofounder of the Jazz Composers Orchestra Association, an independent distribution company for avant-garde and jazz artists. The city has also been home to the well-known modern performer Wynton Marsalis and the large M-Base Collective, as well as people such as John Zorn who use jazz as a prominent part of their experimental music in many different styles.^[1] Carla Bley, nÃ©e Borg, (born May 11, 1936) is an American jazz composer, pianist, organist and band leader. ... Wynton Learson Marsalis (b. ... John Zorn (born September 2, 1953 in Queens, USA) is an American avant-garde composer, arranger, record producer, saxophonist and multi-instrumentalist. ...

Greenwich Village

Main article: Greenwich Village The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ...

Beginning in the 1940s, New York City was the center for a roots revival of American folk music. Many New Yorkers, especially young people, became interested in blues, Appalachian folk music and other roots styles. In Greenwich Village, many of these people gathered; the area became a hotbed of American folk music as well as leftist political activism. A roots revival (folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors. ... American folk music, also known as Americana, is a broad category of music including Native American music, Bluegrass, country music, gospel, old time music, jug bands, Appalachian folk, blues, Tejano and Cajun. ... Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that most often follows a twelve-bar structure. ... Appalachian folk music is a distinctive genre of folk music originating in the Appalachia region of the United States of America. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ...

The performers associated with the Greenwich Village scene, many of whom were not originally from New York, had sporadic mainstream success in the 1940s and 50s; some, such as Pete Seeger and the Almanac Trio, did well, but most were confined to local coffeehouses and other venues. Performers such as Dave Van Ronk and Joan Baez helped expand the scene by appealing to college students, while Bob Dylan became a mainstream folk-rock star in the 1960s. Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919), almost universally known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer, political activist, and author. ... The Almanac Singers were a group of folk musicians who achieved brief popularity in the early 1940s. ... Dave Van Ronk (June 30, 1936 â€“ February 10, 2002) was a folk singer born in Brooklyn, New York, who settled in Greenwich Village, New York City, and was nicknamed the Mayor of MacDougal Street. ... Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941) is an American folk singer and songwriter known for her highly individual vocal style. ... Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, musician, and poet who has been a major figure in popular music for more than four decades. ... Folk rock is a musical genre, combining elements of folk music and rock music. ...

Disco and house

Disco is an up-tempo style of dance music that originated in the early 1970s, with its center in the United States in New York. As discotheques grew more popular later in the decade, they began moving to larger venues. Many of these were in New York, including Paradise Garage and Studio 54. Disco is a genre of dance-oriented pop music that was popularized in dance clubs (discothÃ¨ques) in the mid-1970s, and which dominated mainstream pop until the late 1970s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The former home of the Paradise Garage on King Street. ... The original Studio 54 logo. ...

In the early 1980s, house music, a direct descendent of disco, was forged in the underground clubs of Chicago, Detroit, and New York. The common element of most house music is a 4/4 beat generated by a drum machine or other electronic means (such as a sampler), together with a solid (usually also electronically generated) bassline. Upon this foundation are added electronically generated sounds and samples of music such as jazz, blues and synth pop. This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Salsa

Salsa is a style of Latin music that incorporates multiple styles and variations. It was developed by mid-1970s groups of New York City-area Cuban and Puerto Rican immigrants to the United States, and stylistic descendants such as 1980s salsa romantica ^{[citation needed]}. Salsa, along with other Latin American genres, has become extremely popular in New York City. Latin dancing is also very popular. Latin American music, sometimes simply called Latin music, includes the music of many countries and comes in many varieties, from the simple, rural conjunto music of northern Mexico to the sophisticated habanera of Cuba, from the symphonies of Heitor Villa-Lobos to the simple and moving Andean flute. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Also known as Salsa Monga (Limp Salsa) is a commercialized toned down version of salsa music that emerged in the mid 80s. ...

Hip hop

New York City is a prominent part of hip hop music. The genre began there at neighborhood block parties when DJs, such as DJ Kool Herc, began isolating percussion breaks in funk and R&B songs, eventually rapping while the audience danced. For many years, New York was the only city with a major hip hop scene, and all of the early recordings came from New York. People such as Kurtis Blow and LL Cool J brought hip hop to the mainstream for the first time, while so-called East Coast rap was perfected by artists including Eric B. & Rakim. East Coast hip hop is a style of hip hop music that originated in New York City during the early-1970s. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... A block party is a large informal public celebration in which many members of a single neighborhood congregate to observe a positive event of some importance. ... DJ or dj may stand for Disc jockey, dinner jacket The DeadJournal website, or Djibouti. ... Categories: People stubs | Hip hop musicians | Hip hop DJs | 1955 births ... Funk is an African American musical style. ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ... Rapping is one of the elements of hip hop and the distinguishing feature of hip hop music; it is a form of rhyming lyrics spoken rhythmically over musical instruments, with a musical backdrop of sampling, scratching and mixing by DJs. ... Curtis Kurtis Blow Walker, (born on August 9, 1959, in Harlem, New York) is one of the pioneer rappers in the recording industry, and hip hops first mainstream star. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... In the early 1990s, two styles of hip hop were popular. ... Eric Barrier (Eric B.) and William Griffin (Rakim), were a hip-hop duo known as Eric B. & Rakim. ...

By the early 1990s, however, West Coast rap, from Los Angeles, was gaining national fame. In 1992, Dr. Dre's The Chronic became a national hit and made the West Coast the most popular center of hip hop. The East Coast, however, included multi-platinum artists such as Puff Daddy, Jay-Z and Notorious B.I.G., along with critically acclaimed acts such as Wu-Tang Clan, Nas, Big L, and Busta Rhymes. Today the city has a major influence on the hip hop scene. For the band, see 1990s (band). ... In the 1980s, hip hop music began to break into the mainstream of the United States. ... Nickname: Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: , State California County Los Angeles County Settled 1781 Incorporated April 4, 1850 Government - Type Mayor-Council - Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa - City Attorney Rocky Delgadillo - Governing body City Council Area - City 498. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... The Chronic is the highly influential debut album from American rap producer Dr. Dre. ... Sean John Combs (born November 4, 1969 aka P. Diddy, Puff Daddy, Sean Puffy Combs) is an American record producer and CEO and founder of Bad Boy Entertainment, one of the driving forces in hip hop in the mid to late 1990s. ... Jay-Z (aka the Jigga, HOV and Hova, born Shawn Carter on December 4, 1970 in Brooklyn, New York) is an African American rapper/hip hop artist and record label executive; one of the most popular and successful rappers of the late 1990s and early 2000s. ... Christopher Wallace (May 21, 1972 - March 9, 1997), also known as Biggie Smalls (after a stylish gangster in the 1975 comedy, Lets Do it Again), but best known as The Notorious B.I.G. (Business Instead of Game). ... The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York-based rap group, consisting of nine American rappers. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Lamont Coleman (May 30, 1974â€“February 15, 1999), better known as Big L, was an American rapper. ... Trevor Tahiem Smith, Jr. ...

New Wave

Punk and alternative rock

New York City had the earliest documented punk rock scene in the United States. Drawing on local influences such as The Velvet Underground, Richard Hell and the New York Dolls, punk music developed at clubs such as CBGB and Max's Kansas City. Patti Smith, Talking Heads, Blondie, and other artsy New Wave artists were popular in the mid to late 1970s, as bands like the Ramones were establishing an American punk rock sound. No Wave existed almost only in New York and raised Glenn Branca, Lydia Lunch and Sonic Youth. Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... This article is about the American rock band. ... Richard Hell (born October 2, 1949) is the stage name of Richard Meyers, an American singer, songwriter, bass guitarist and writer. ... The New York Dolls are a rock band formed in New York City in 1971. ... The outside front facade of CBGB CBGB (Country, Blue Grass, and Blues) was a legendary music club located at 315 Bowery at Bleecker Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. ... Maxs Kansas City was a nightclub (upstairs) and restaurant (downstairs) between 17th and 18th Streets, on Park Avenue South in New York City. ... Patricia Lee (Patti) Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American musician, singer, and poet. ... Talking Heads were an American rock band existing between 1974 and 1991, composed of David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth and Jerry Harrison. ... Blondie is the name of an American rock band that first gained fame in the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... New Wave is a term that has been used to describe many developments in music, but is most commonly associated with a movement in Western popular music in the late 1970s and early 1980s inspired by the punk rock movement. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... No Wave was a short-lived but influential music and art scene that thrived briefly in New York City during the late 1970s and early 1980s alongside the punk scene there. ... Glenn Branca (born October 6, 1948 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) is an avant-garde composer and guitarist. ... Lydia Lunch (born Lydia Koch on June 2, 1959 in Rochester, New York) is an American singer, poet, writer, and actress. ... Sonic Youth is a seminal American alternative rock group formed in New York City in 1981. ...

In the early 1980s, hardcore punk was developing primarily in Southern California and Washington, D.C.. The New York hardcore scene was founded by 1981, and bands such as Reagan Youth, and Kraut led the initial charge. By 1985, the New York hardcore scene had become inhabited by straight edgeers and skinheads, including bands such as Agnostic Front, Cro-Mags, Heart Attack, Kraut, Youth of Today and Murphy's Law.In 1991, Ukulele Post Punk band Uke til u puke formed in New York City. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For the urban complex straddling the United States-Mexico border, see Bajalta California. ... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D) - D.C. Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2... New York Hardcore (NYHC) refers to hardcore punk music created in New York City and to the subculture associated with that music. ... Reagan Youth (a play on Hitler Youth) was a band started by singer Dave Rubinstein (Dave Insurgent) and his friend and guitarist Paul Bakija in Queens in the early 1980s. ... Kraut was a New York band who started playing in 1981. ... For the drawing or cutting tool, see Straightedge. ... Skinheads, named after their cropped or shaven heads, are members of a working-class subculture that originated in Britain in the 1960s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Heart Attack was one of the early New York hardcore bands, playing in the early 1980s. ... Kraut was a New York band who started playing in 1981. ... Youth of Today was a straight edge hardcore band from New York City. ... Murphys Law is a hardcore band from New York. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... The ukulele (Hawaiian: , IPA pronunciation: ; Anglicised pronunciation usually IPA: ), sometimes spelled ukelele (particularly in the UK) or uke, is a chordophone classified as a plucked lute; it is a subset of the guitar family of instruments, generally with four strings or four courses of strings. ... Post-punk was a popular musical movement beginning at the end of the 1970s, following on the heels of the initial punk rock explosion of the mid 1970s. ... An early `90s speed-metal ukulele band, uke til u puke has been credited with pioneering a form of punk rock ukulele playing. ...

With the collapse of the CBGB hardcore matinees, due to constant violence, a more activist DIY scene began to develop around ABC No Rio and the squats of the Lower East Side. See also: DIY Network, a cable TV network. ... Interior of ABC No Rio ABC No Rio is a social center located at 156 Rivington street in New York Citys Lower East Side that was founded in 1980. ... The Chien Rouge in Lausanne, a squat held in the old hospital. ... Categories: Manhattan neighborhoods | Stub ...

New York has been at the center of the United States third wave ska scene since the foundation of Moon Ska Records in the early 1980s by Robert 'Bucket' Hingley. Some of the bands to come from this scene were Skinnerbox, The Toasters, The Slackers, Agent 99, and Stubborn All-Stars. The record label released bands from many different cities, such as Floridians Less Than Jake. Third wave ska is a musical genre derived from the fusion of Jamaican ska with various American and British styles of music, such as 2 Tone, rock music, punk rock, hardcore and jazz. ... Moon Ska Records was one of the most influential ska record labels of the 1980s and 1990s. ... Lead singer/guitar player for the ska band the Toasters. ... Skinnerbox is a third wave ska band formed in New York City in the early 1990s by King Django. ... The Toasters are a ska band from New York formed in 1983 by Robert Bucket Hingley. ... The Slackers are one of the more well-known bands emerging from the New York City ska scene, having been formed in Brooklyn in 1991. ... Agent 99 of CONTROL Agent 99 is a fictional spy portrayed by Barbara Feldon on the 1960s television series Get Smart. ... Stubborn All-Stars are a New York City ska band led by King Django, front man of Skinnerbox and owner of Stubborn Records. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area Ranked 22nd - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] kmÂ²) - Width 361 miles (582 km) - Length 447 miles (721 km) - % water 17. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Alternative rock

Several groups of the new Garage Rock Revival, such as The Strokes, Interpol, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, The Walkmen, Liars, The French Kicks and The Bravery come from New York City's Indie rock scene. Garage rock is a raw form of rock and roll that enjoyed its original period of wide success in the United States and Canada, from 1963 to 1967. ... The Strokes are an American rock band formed in 1998 that rose to fame in the early 2000s as a leading group in the garage rock revival. ... Interpol is an American indie rock band, formed in 1998. ... Yeah Yeah Yeahs are a Grammy Award nominated New York City-based rock band. ... The Walkmen are an indie rock band from New York City. ... Liars is currently a three-piece band consisting of Australian-born Angus Andrew (vocals/guitar), Aaron Hemphill (percussion, guitar, synth), and Julian Gross (drums). ... The French Kicks is an indie rock group from New York City. ... The Bravery is an American rock band from New York City that consists of Sam Endicott, John Conway, Anthony Burulcich, Michael Zakarin, and Mike Hindert. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ...

References

is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Richie Unterberger, The Rough Guide to Music USA, pgs. 1-65
^ Gotham Gazette The Gotham Gazette specifically notes the rise of Pitchfork, based out of Chicago, as a source for New York music info; since Pitchfork is not a New York-based company, this is held to be evidence of a decline in New York's importance (note: Pitchfork's popularity is cited to the New York Observer)
^ Has the Music Scene Died in New York?. Gotham Gazette. Retrieved on September 7, 2005.
^ New York City's Radio Music Hall Recaptures Its Past. National Trust. Retrieved on August 29, 2005.
^ About Lincoln Center. Lincoln Center. Retrieved on August 29, 2005.
^ History of the New York Philharmonic. New York Philharmonic. Retrieved on August 29, 2005.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ferris, Jean (1993). America's Musical Landscape. Brown & Benchmark. ISBN 0-697-12516-5.
^ Burk, Cassie, Virginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, America's Musical Heritage
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Struble, The History of American Classical Music
^ Struble, pg. 122 . After Gershwin, American classical music became focused as it had never been focused before. And the world began to sit up and listen.
^ ^a ^b Clarke, Donald (1995). The Rise and Fall of Popular Music. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-11573-3.
^ Ewen, David (1957). Panorama of American Popular Music. Prentice Hall.
^ Ewen, pg. 94 (T)hese publishers devised formulas by which songs could be produced with speed and dispatch... Songs were now to be produced from a serviceable matrix, and issued in large quantities: stereotypes for foreign songs, Negro songs, humorous ditties, and, most important of all, sentimental ballads.
^ Ewen, pg. 98 Less disposed toward clichés than so many of his rivals, elss inclined to stretch an emotion to the point of maudlin and cloying sentimentality, Dresser was a composers whose finest ballads have a winning charm and a lingering fragrance.
^ Ewen, pg. 101 and Clarke, pg. 62Ewen attributes "New Coon in Town" to Paul Allen, though Clarke attributes it to J. S. Putnam, though both agree on the year, 1883

A typical example of Pitchforks main page, as of 12-12-06 Pitchfork Media, usually known simply as Pitchfork and occasionally shortened to P4K, pitchy, or pfork,[1] is a United States-based daily Internet publication devoted to music criticism and commentary, music news, and artist interviews. ... The New York Observer is a weekly newspaper first published in New York City on September 22, 1987 by Arthur L. Carter, a very successful former investment banker with publishing interests. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contents

Institutions and venues var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};