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A music video is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when MTV's format was based around them. The term "music video" first came into popular usage in the early 1980s. Prior to then, such clips were described by various terms including "promotional films" or "promotional clips". Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Short subject is an American film industry term that historically has referred to any film in the format of two reels, or approximately 20 minutes running time, or less. ... Video clips are short clips in video format and predominantly found on the internet where the massive influx of new video clips during 2006 was dubbed as a new phenomenon having a profound impact on both the internet and other forms of media. ... This article is about the musical composition. ... Next big thing redirects here. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ...

Music videos use a range of styles of filmmaking, including animation, live action filming, documentaries, and non-narrative approaches such as abstract film. Some music videos blend different styles, such as animation and live action. The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these 6 frames. ... In film and video, live action refers to works that are acted out by flesh-and-blood actors, as opposed to animation. ... Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ... Abstract film is a subgenre of experimental film. ...

An early station ID from MTV.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Station identification is the practice of any type of radio station identifying itself, typically with a callsign. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ...

History

Antecedents: 1910s-1950s

In the 1920s, the animated films of Jennifer Hoyer (aptly labelled "visual music") were supplied with orchestral scores. Fischinger also made short animated films to advertise Electrola Records' new releases, making these films possibly the first music videos.^{[citation needed]} In 1929 the Russian director Dziga Vertov made a 40 minute film called Man with the Movie Camera. It was an experiment on filming real, actual events, contrary to Georges Méliès theatrical approach. The film is backed by music played live by an orchestra on theaters, and it has no dialogue. Electrola is the German branch of EMI. Relations were severed between the German and English branches of the Gramophone Company Ltd as a result of World War I. The German Gramophone Co (Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft) claimed the rights to the His Masters Voice label, so a new label was... Dziga Vertov Dziga (Dzyga) Vertov (Russian: , Ukrainian: ) January 2, 1896–February 12, 1954) was a Russian pioneer documentary film and newsreel director. ... Opening shot A street in the morning Mikhail Kaufman acts as a cameraman in search of the best shot The Man with the Movie Camera, sometimes The Man with a Movie Camera, The Man with a Camera, or Living Russia (Chelovek s kino-apparatom, in Russian: ) is an experimental 1929... Georges Méliès (December 8, 1861 – January 21, 1938), full name Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, was a French filmmaker famous for leading many technical and narrative developments in the earliest cinema. ...

In the 1936 film version of Show Boat, during Paul Robeson's classic rendition of Ol' Man River, the camera does a full pan around him as he sits on a wharf singing. Then the scene dissolves to an expressionist montage set against deliberately artificial backgrounds, showing Robeson "acting" in accordance with the lyrics of the song (toting barges, lifting bales, etc.). After this, other dock workers file in behind Robeson and seat themselves around him to sing the second chorus of the song, with the scene once again shifting to another expressionist scene, this time of workers toiling. For films based on the musical, see Show Boat (film). ... -1... Ol Man River (music by Jerome Kern, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II) is a song in the 1927 musical Show Boat, that tells a melancholy story of African American hardship and struggles of the time, related to the endless flow of the Mississippi River, from the view of a dock...

Sergei Eisenstein's 1938 film Alexander Nevsky, used extended scenes of battles choreographed to a score by Sergei Prokofiev, a score that had already been composed before shooting began, so that the scene could be edited in accordance with the music. Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Russian: Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн) (January 23, 1898 – February 11, 1948) was a revolutionary Soviet Russian film director and film theorist noted in particular for his silent films Strike, Battleship Potemkin and Oktober. ... For other uses, see Alexander Nevsky (disambiguation). ... Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (Russian: , Sergej Sergejevič Prokofijev; April 27 (April 151 O.S.), 1891–March 5, 1953) was a Russian and Soviet composer who mastered numerous musical genres and came to be admired as one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. ...

Animation artist Max Fleischer introduced a series of sing-along short cartoons called Screen Songs, which invited audiences to sing along to popular songs by "following the bouncing ball". Early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in live-action segments during the cartoons. Max Fleischer (July 19, 1883–September 11, 1972) was an important pioneer in the development of the animated cartoon. ... A scene from the eleventh Screen Song cartoon, Smiles (1929). ... Cartoons started in the 1930s and 40s. ...

The early animated films by Walt Disney, his Silly Symphonies, were built around music. The Warner Brothers cartoons, even today billed as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical films. Live action musical shorts, featuring such popular performers as Cab Calloway, were also distributed to theatres. For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ... Silly Symphonies is a series of cartoons made by Walt Disney Productions. ... Warner Bros. ... Looney Tunes opening title from mid-1950s Looney Tunes is a Warner Bros. ... Merrie Melodies end title Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros. ... The musical film is a film genre in which several songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative. ... Cab Calloway, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1933 Cab Calloway (December 25, 1907–November 18, 1994) was a famous American jazz singer and bandleader. ...

Blues singer Bessie Smith appeared in a two-reel short film called Saint Louis Blues (1929) featuring a dramatized performance of the hit song. It was shown in theatres until 1932. Numerous other musicians appeared in short musical subjects during this period. Later, in the mid-1940s, musician Louis Jordan made short films for his songs, some of which were spliced together into a bizarre feature film Lookout Sister; these films were, according to music historian Donald Clarke, the ancestors of music videos.^[1] Blues music redirects here. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... A number of short and feature films have been entitled . ... Louis Jordan swinging on sax, Paramount Theatre, NYC, 1946 (Photo: William P. Gottlieb) Louis Jordan (July 8, 1908 – February 4, 1975) was a pioneering African-American blues, jazz and rhythm & blues musician and songwriter who enjoyed his greatest popularity from the late 1930s to the early 1950s. ...

Another early form of music video were one-song films called "Promotional Clips" made in the 1940s for the Panoram visual jukebox. These were short films of musical selections, usually just a band on a movie-set bandstand, made for playing. Thousands of soundies were made, mostly of jazz musicians, but also of "torch singers," comedians, and dancers. Before the Soundie, even dramatic movies typically had a musical interval, but the Soundie made the music the star and virtually all the name jazz performers appeared in Soundie shorts. The Panoram jukebox with eight three-minute Soundies were popular in taverns and night spots, but the fad faded during World War II.^{[citation needed]} A Panoram was the trademark name of a video jukebox that had limited popularity within the United States during the 1930s. ... A Zodiac jukebox A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that can play specially selected songs from self-contained media. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

1950-1959

In 1956, Petrushka, directed by John David Wilson for Fine Arts Films aired as a segment of the Sol Hurok Music Hour on NBC. Igor Stravinsky conducted a live orchestra for the recording of the event. In 1957 Tony Bennett was filmed walking along The Serpentine in Hyde Park, London as his recording of "Stranger in Paradise" played; this film was distributed to and played by UK and US television stations. According to the Internet Accuracy Project, disk jockey-singer J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson was the first to coin the phrase "music video", in 1959.^[2] Petrouchka or Petrushka (French: Pétrouchka; Russian: Петрушка) is a ballet with music by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky and choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky. ... John David Wilson (born August 8, 1919 in Wimbledon, England) is an English artist, animator and producer. ... Fine Arts Films, Inc. ... This article is about the television network. ... Igor Stravinsky. ... For other persons named Tony Bennett, see Tony Bennett (disambiguation). ... The Serpentine (also known as the Serpentine River) is a 28-acre (11. ... “Hyde Park” redirects here. ... Stranger in Paradise is a popular song. ... For other meanings of DJ, see DJ (disambiguation). ... Jiles Perry (J.P.) Richardson, Jr. ...

1960-1969

See also: List of music videos made in the 1960s

In 1960 the Scopitone, a visual jukebox, was invented in France and short films were produced by many French artists, such as Serge Gainsbourg, Françoise Hardy and Jacques Dutronc to accompany their songs. Its use spread to other countries and similar machines such as the Cinebox in Italy and Color-Sonic in the USA were patented.^[3] In 1961 Ozzie Nelson directed and edited the video of "Travelin' Man" by his son Ricky Nelson. It featured images of various parts of the world mentioned in the Jerry Fuller song along with Nelson's vocals. In 1964, Kenneth Anger's underground experimental short film Scorpio Rising used popular songs. Scopitone is a type of jukebox featuring a 16 mm film component. ... Serge Gainsbourg (April 2, 1928 – March 2, 1991) was a French poet, singer-songwriter, actor and director. ... Françoise Hardy (French IPA: ) (born Françoise Madeleine Hardy, January 17, 1944 in Paris) is a French singer, actress and astrologer. ... Jacques Dutronc (b. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Kenneth Anger Kenneth Anger (born February 3, 1927 in Santa Monica, California as Kenneth Wilbur Anglemyer) is an underground avant-garde film-maker and author. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In Canada, for Singalong Jubilee, Manny Pittson began pre-recording the music audio, went on location and taped various visuals with the musicians lip-syncing, then edited the audio and video together later. Most music numbers were taped in studio on stage, and the location shoot "videos" were to add variety. ^[4]

In 1964 The Beatles' first major motion picture, A Hard Day's Night, used filmed live action sequences accompanied by music. The US TV series The Monkees from 1966 to 1968 also consisted of film segments that were created to accompany various Monkees songs. In 1964, The Beatles began filming short promotional films for their songs which were distributed for broadcast on television variety shows in other countries, especially the US as a way to promote their record releases without having to make television appearances. (At the same time, The Byrds began using the same strategy to promote their singles in the United Kingdom, starting with the 1965 single "Set You Free This Time".) The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... The film A Hard Days Night (1964) is a mockumentary written by Alun Owen and starring The Beatles during the height of Beatlemania. ... The Monkees were a pop-rock quartet created and based in Los Angeles in 1965 for an NBC American television series of the same name. ... Not to be confused with The Birds (band). ...

By the time The Beatles stopped touring in late 1966 their promotional films, like their recordings, were becoming increasingly sophisticated. Their films for "Rain" and Paperback Writer" used rhythmic editing, slow motion, and reversed film effects. In 1966 the clip of Bob Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues" filmed by D A Pennebaker shows Dylan standing still, holding up a series of cue cards featuring the song's lyrics in time to the music. Rain is the title of a 1966 song done by The Beatles. ... {{Infobox Single | Name = Paperback Writer | Cover = Paperrain. ... This article is about the recording artist. ... Subterranean Homesick Blues is a song written by Bob Dylan, originally released on the album Bringing It All Back Home in March 1965. ... D.A. Pennebaker is a documentary filmmaker. ...

The Kinks made one of the first real "plot" promo clips for a song. For their single "Dead End Street" (1966) a miniature comic movie was made, where members of Kinks acted like undertakers in old London streets. The clip also shows photo stills from Great Depression, uprising dead man and Ray Davies playing an old woman. No lip-sync but clip was edited according to phases of song. The promo clip was banned in BBC because of "poor taste".^{[citation needed]} The Kinks were an English rock group formed in 1963 by lead singer-songwriter Ray Davies, his brother, lead guitarist and vocalist Dave Davies, and bassist Pete Quaife. ... Look up Plot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Another plot clip was made for The Who's "Happy Jack" in the same year. In the little movie the band is acting like a gang of idiotic thieves robbing an apartment. They can't resist eating a cake and this leads to a cream-pie battle with a cop. There is no lip-sync in this clip either. The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. ... A Quick One (1966) is the second album released by British rock band The Who. ...

The Beatles' films for "Strawberry Fields Forever" (directed by Peter Goldmann) and "Penny Lane", in 1967 used techniques borrowed from underground and avant garde film, such as reversed film effects, dramatic lighting, unusual camera angles, and color filtering added in post-production. These psychedelic music-themed films attempt to "illustrate" the song in an artful manner. Music sample Strawberry Fields Forever Problems? See media help. ... Music sample Penny Lane ( file info) Problems? See media help. ... Psychedelia in music (or also psychedelic music, less formally) is a term that refers to a broad set of popular music styles, genres and scenes, that may include psychedelic rock, psychedelic folk, psychedelic pop, psychedelic soul, psychedelic ambient, psychedelic trance, psychedelic techno, and others. ...

Procol Harum made two promos for their hit "A Whiter Shade of Pale". First, the better known shows band members (the line-up which recorded the song) walking in the ruins, then band performing song onstage and documentary footages of Vietnam war. Second, more obscure and psychedelic, shows whole band (the classic Procol Harum line-up) running towards camera, then grotesque close-up of Gary Brooker badly lip-syncing the song and several surrealistic footages of band acting and standing by a church. Other frames show band in London crowded streets, Brooker standing somewhere in Picadilly Circus etc. Procol Harum is an English rock band, formed in the 1960s, who built a heavy foundation for what would become progressive rock. ... A Whiter Shade of Pale is a song by the British band Procol Harum. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...

The Troggs made a monochrome clip for their hit "Love Is All Around", showing singer Reg Presley`s love affair with a girl in the train where the band is traveling. Clip includes some concert scenes, also several close-ups, a mess silver paper, girl's nude back covered with ornaments, flowers in compartment and other psychedelic elements. The Troggs were a successful English rock band of the 1960s, who had a number of hits in Britain and America, including their most famous song, Wild Thing. The Troggs were from the town of Andover in southern England. ... Love Is All Around is a song composed by Reg Presley and performed by the Troggs. ... Reg Presley (born Reginald Maurice Ball on June 12, 1943[1], in Andover, Hampshire) is an English singer/songwriter. ...

The Doors had a strong interest in film^{[citation needed]}, since both lead singer Jim Morrison and keyboard player Ray Manzarek had studied film at UCLA. The clip for their debut single "Break On Through" is a filmed performance that uses atmospheric lighting, camera work and editing. The 1968 anti-war single "The Unknown Soldier", depicts a mock execution by firing squad with extensive intercutting of archival footage and TV footage of the carnage of the Vietnam War. The Doors were an influential American rock band formed in 1965 in Los Angeles by vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, drummer John Densmore, and guitarist Robby Krieger. ... For other persons named James or Jim Morrison, see James Morrison. ... Raymond Daniel Manzarek or Manczarek (born February 12, 1939) is an American musician, singer, producer, movie director, writer, co-founder and keyboardist of The Doors from 1965 to 1973, and the Doors of the 21st century (renamed Riders on the Storm) since 2001. ... Binomial name Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993 The largemouth triplefin, Ucla xenogrammus, is a fish of the family Tripterygiidae and only member of the genus Ucla, found in the Pacific Ocean from Viet Nam, the Philippines, Palau and the Caroline Islands to Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Christmas Island), and the... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...

The Rolling Stones appeared in promotional clips for songs such as "We Love You" (which made reference to the persecution of Oscar Wilde), "2000 Light Years From Home", "Child of the Moon" and "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and collaborated with Jean-Luc Godard on the film Sympathy for the Devil. The popularity of the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine prompted The Byrds and The Beach Boys to also make promotional films. Rolling Stones redirects here. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ... Jumpin Jack Flash is a song by English rock and roll band The Rolling Stones, released as a single in 1968. ... Jean-Luc Godard (French IPA: ) (born 3 December 1930) is a French filmmaker and one of the most influential members of the Nouvelle Vague, or French New Wave. Born to Franco-Swiss parents in Paris, he was educated in Nyon, Switzerland, later studying at the Lycée Rohmer, and the... Sympathy for the Devil (titled One Plus One in its European release) was a 1968 film shot mostly in color by director Jean-Luc Godard. ... For the song, see Yellow Submarine (song). ... Not to be confused with The Birds (band). ... The Beach Boys is an American rock and roll band. ...

Leonard Nimoy's notorious The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins (1968) is also an example of an early music video. Leonard Simon Nimoy (born March 26, 1931) is an American actor, film director, poet, musician and photographer. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Carpenters made a promo clip of their cover of the Beatles hit Ticket to Ride. They would also go on to make other videos in the 70s. For other uses, see Carpenter (disambiguation). ... Ticket to Ride is a song by The Beatles from their 1965 album, Help!. It was recorded 15 February 1965 at Abbey Road Studios and released as a single in 1965. ...

After 1969 the independent music movie clips came out of fashion with psychedelic music and style. In late 60s and early 70s bands preferred performing in TV shows which themselves became visually more attractive. Some of them released straight documentaries like The Beatles "Let It Be" or Rolling Stones "Gimme Shelter". The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... Let It Be was an album by The Beatles, released on May 8, 1970. ... This article is about the rock band. ... Audio sample Info (help· info) This article is about The Rolling Stones song. ...

1970-1974

On the The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, director Chris Bearde enlisted animator John David Wilson to direct animated segments of current hits of the day reinterpreted by the duo. Songs included Coven's "One Tin Soldier", Three Dog Night's "Black and White" and Melanie's "Brand New Key". Wilson later went on to self-produce many more animated videos for artists such as Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan and Jim Croce. The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour was a variety show that ran on CBS in the United States from August 1971 until May 1974. ... Chris Bearde is a comedy writer, producer and director who created the format for the original Gong Show, and Sherman Oaks. He has also co-written and produced specials for Elvis Presley, Bob Hope, Sonny and Cher, Bill Cosby, Steve Martin, Jim Carrey, Andy Williams,The Jackson Five, The Osmonds... John David Wilson (born August 8, 1919 in Wimbledon, England) is an English artist, animator and producer. ... Coven is a pop/rock band, composed of vocalist Jinx Dawson, bassist Oz Osborne (not to be confused with Ozzy Osbourne of Black Sabbath) and drummer Steve Ross. ... One Tin Soldier is a ‘60s era anti-war song written by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter. ... Three Dog Night is an American rock band, best known for their music from 1968–1975 but still making live appearances as of 2008. ... Black-and-white is a broad adjectival term used to describe a number of monochrome forms of visual arts. ... Melanie Anne Safka-Schekeryk (born February 3, 1947 in Astoria, New York City) is an American singer-songwriter. ... Brand New Key is a pop song written by folk singer Melanie (Melanie Safka), which became a novelty hit in 1971-2. ... Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter. ... This article is about the recording artist. ... James Joseph Croce (January 10, 1943 – September 20, 1973), popularly known as Jim Croce (pronounced CRO-chee), was an American singer-songwriter. ...

The promotional clip continued to grow in importance, with television programs such as The Midnight Special and Don Kirshner's Rock Concert mixing concert footage with clips incorporating camera tricks, special effects, and dramatizations of song lyrics. The film of the Woodstock Festival, and the various concert films that were made during the early 1970s, such as Joe Cocker's Mad Dogs and Englishmen and Pink Floyd's Live at Pompeii concert film used rhythmic cross-cutting. The Midnight Special was a musical television series that ran from 1972 until 1983 on the NBC network. ... Don Kirshners Rock Concert was a television music variety show that ran during the 1970s and early 1980s, created and produced by Don Kirshner and syndicated to television stations. ... The Woodstock Music and Art Fair was a historic event held at Max Yasgurs 600 acre (2. ... Joe Cocker OBE (born 20 May 1944) is an English rock/blues singer who came to popularity in the 1960s, and is most known for his gritty voice and his cover versions of popular songs. ... Pink Floyd are an English rock band that initially earned recognition for their psychedelic or space rock music, and, as they evolved, for their progressive rock music. ...

Many countries with local pop music industries soon copied the trend towards promo film clips. In Australia promotional films by Australian pop performers were being made on a regular basis by 1966; among the earliest known are clips by Australian groups The Masters Apprentices and The Loved Ones. Surf film makers such as Bruce Brown, George Greenough and Alby Falzon combined images and music. Nicolas Roeg's 1970 cult film Performance contains a sequence in which star of the film Mick Jagger did a rendition of "Memo From Turner" combined with a psychedelic collage. The Masters Apprentices were a leading Australian rock band of the 1960s and early 1970s, fronted by singer Jim Keays. ... The Loved Ones as a band name refers to both an Australian rock group from the 1960s and a punk rock group currently playing. ... Surf movies fall into three distinct genres: the surfing documentary - targeting the surfing enthusiast the 1960s beach party films - targeting the broader community and the occasional modern feature film attempting to focus more on the reality of surfing The sporting documentary was pioneered by Bud Browne (e. ... Bruce Brown (born December 1, 1937 in San Francisco, California) is an American documentary film director, known as an early pioneer of the surf film. ... George Greenough is a surfer from Santa Barbara, California who now resides in Byron Bay in N.S.W Australia. ... Albert Falzon (born 1945) is an Australian surf filmmaker, photographer and publisher. ... Nicolas Jack Roeg, born on August 15, 1928 in London, is an internationally-known cinematographer and film director. ... Performance is a British film made in 1968 but not released until (1970). ... Sir Michael Phillip Mick Jagger (born July 26, 1943) is a English rock musician, actor, songwriter, record and film producer and businessman. ... Memo From Turner is a song by English rock and roll band The Rolling Stones. ...

George Greenough's 1972 film Crystal Voyager included a sequence (filmed by Greenough) that was constructed around the extended Pink Floyd track "Echoes". In the early 1970s, Australian musician and filmmaker Chris Lofven made monochrome promotional films. David Bowie's promotional clip for the song The Jean Genie, which was released as single in 1972 at was directed by photographer Mick Rock. The Swedish music group, ABBA, used promotional films throughout the 1970s to promote themselves. Pink Floyd are an English rock band that initially earned recognition for their psychedelic or space rock music, and, as they evolved, for their progressive rock music. ... This article is about the Pink Floyd song. ... David Bowie (pronounced ) (born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, producer, arranger, and audio engineer. ... The Jean Genie was a single by David Bowie. ... Queen II album cover Mick Rock is a photographer best known for his iconic shots of 1970s glam rock icons such as Queen, David Bowie, Lou Reed and Iggy Pop. ... Abba redirects here. ...

In 1975 the band Queen ordered Bruce Gowers to make promo video for their new single "Bohemian Rhapsody" to show it in Top Of The Pops. Video itself was nothing special even in mid 70s: it shows band performing the song and contains some very simple visual effects. The video is considered it be the first successful promotional video, and is widely considered to have kick started the music video era. It was also the first video not to be shot on film. Queen are an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist Brian May, lead vocalist Freddie Mercury, and drummer Roger Taylor, with bass guitarist John Deacon joining the following year. ... Bruce Gowers is an English music video director. ...   is a song written by Freddie Mercury and originally recorded by the band Queen for their 1975 album A Night at the Opera. ... Top of the Pops, also known as TOTP, was a long-running British music chart television programme, made and broadcast by the BBC. It was originally shown each week, mostly on BBC One, from 1 January 1964 to 30 July 2006. ...

1980s

Two key innovations in the development of the modern music video were the development of relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use video recording and editing equipment, and the development of a number of related effects such as chroma-key.^{[citation needed]} The advent of high-quality color videotape recorders and portable video cameras coincided with the DIY ethos of the New Wave era^{[citation needed]}, enabling many pop acts to produce promotional videos quickly and cheaply, in comparison to the relatively high costs of using film. However, as the genre developed, music video directors increasingly turned to 35 mm film as the preferred medium, while others mixed film and video. For other uses, see Video (disambiguation). ... This article is about a special video effect. ... The New Wave was a movement in American, Australian and British popular music, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, growing out of the New York City musical scene centered around the club CBGB. The term itself is a source of much confusion. ...

By the mid-1980s releasing a music video to accompany a new single had become customary, and acts such as The Jacksons sought to gain a commercial edge by creating lavish music videos with million dollar budgets; most notable with the video for "Can You Feel It". Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" also started a new era for creating promotional clips on video tape rather than on film.^{[citation needed]} Among the first music videos were clips produced by ex-Monkee Michael Nesmith who started making short musical films for Saturday Night Live. In 1981, he released Elephant Parts, the first video album and first winner of a Grammy for music video, directed by William Dear. A further experiment on NBC television called Television Parts was not successful, due to network meddling (notably an intrusive laugh track and corny gags). The cover to the Jackson 5s first LP, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, released on Motown Records in 1969. ... Queen are an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist Brian May, lead vocalist Freddie Mercury, and drummer Roger Taylor, with bass guitarist John Deacon joining the following year. ...   is a song written by Freddie Mercury and originally recorded by the band Queen for their 1975 album A Night at the Opera. ... The Monkees were a pop-rock quartet created and based in Los Angeles in 1965 for an NBC American television series of the same name. ... Robert Michael Nesmith (b. ... SNL redirects here. ... Elephant Parts was also the name of a British adult humour comic. ... Grammy Award statuette The Grammy Awards, presented by the Recording Academy (an association of Americans professionally involved in the recorded music industry) for outstanding achievements in the recording industry, is one of four major music awards shows held annually in the United States (the Billboard Music Awards, the American Music... This article is about the television network. ... In 1983, NBC aired what they thought would be the future of television, Television Parts. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The early self-produced music videos by Devo, including the pioneering compilation "The Truth About Devolution", directed by Chuck Statler, were also important (if somewhat subversive^[who?]) developments in the evolution of the genre and these Devo video cassette releases were arguably among the first true long-form video productions. Video Concert Hall, created by Jerry Crowe and Charles Henderson, was the first nationwide video music programming on American television, predating MTV by almost three years. The USA Cable Network program Night Flight was one of the first American programs to showcase these videos as an art form. Premiering in June 1981, Night Flight predated MTV's launch by two months. Devo (pronounced DEE-vo or dee-VO, often spelled DEVO or DEV-O) is an American New Wave group formed in Akron, Ohio in 1972. ... Video Concert Hall was an early USA Network television program featuring an unhosted rotation of music videos. ... USA Network is a popular American cable television network with about 89 million household subscribers as of 2005. ... Night Flight was a television program on the USA Network from 1981-1988 which ran for four hours on Friday and Saturday nights then repeated into the wee hours of the morning. ...

Two feature-length films released on the cusp of MTV's first appearance on the dial contributed enormously to the development of the form. The first was 1981's Shock Treatment, a pseudo-sequel/spinoff of The Rocky Horror Picture Show principally written and scored by RHPS creator Richard O'Brien. The film broke stylistic ground by being more focused and less visually ambitious – and thus easier to emulate on a tight budget – than either RHPS or Ken Russel's chaotic 1975 adaptation of The Who's music and storyline from the album Tommy, or even a lower-budget affair like The Ramones' Rock 'n' Roll High School (1979). This is a list of all the videos played on MTVs first day, August 1, 1981: Video Killed the Radio Star by The Buggles You Better Run by Pat Benatar She Wont Dance by Rod Stewart You Better You Bet by The Who Little Susies on the... This article is about the 1981 musical comedy film. ... The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical comedy film that parodies horror films. ... Richard OBrien (born Richard Timothy Smith on March 25, 1942 in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England) is an English writer, actor, television presenter and theatre performer. ... The Ramones (L-R, Johnny, Tommy, Joey, Dee Dee) on the cover of their debut self-titled album (1976), cementing their place at the dawn of the punk movement. ... Rock n Roll High School is a 1979 film produced by Roger Corman, directed by Allan Arkush, and featuring The Ramones. ...

Pink Floyd The Wall transformed the group's 1979 concept double-LP of the same title into a confrontational and apocalyptic audio-visual labyrinth of stylized, expressionistic images, sounds, melodies and lyrics. In 1980, New Zealand group Split Enz had major success with the single "I Got You" and the album True Colours, and later that year they joined Blondie in becoming one of the first bands in the world to produce a complete set of promo clips for each song on the album (directed by their percussionist, Noel Crombie) and to market these on video cassette. This was followed a year later by the first American video album, The Completion Backwards Principle, directed by Michael Cotten of The Tubes. Pink Floyd The Wall is a 1982 film by British director Alan Parker based on the 1979 Pink Floyd album The Wall. ... Split Enz was a successful New Zealand band during the late 1970s and the early 1980s featuring brothers Tim Finn and Neil Finn. ... True Colours, the fifth album released by New Zealand band Split Enz, was their first major commercial success. ... Blondie is the name of an American rock band that first gained fame in the late 1970s, and which has sold over 140 million records. ... Noel Crombie, born Geoffrey Noel Crombie (April 17, 1953) was a member of the band Split Enz, fulfilling multiple roles including costume and hair designer, onstage clown, percussion, album cover design, and music video director. ... The Tubes are a San Francisco-based theatre rock band, popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s, known for their live performances that combined lewd quasi-pornography with wild satires of media, consumerism and politics. ...

During the 1980s promotional videos became pretty much de rigueur for most recording artists, a rise which was famously parodied by UK BBC television comedy program Not The Nine O'Clock News who produced a spoof music video; "Nice Video, Shame About The Song". Frank Zappa also parodied the excesses of the genre in his satirical song "Be In My Video". For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Not the Nine OClock News is a comedy television programme that was shown on the BBC, broadcast from 1979 to 1982. ... Frank Vincent Zappa[1] (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American composer, musician, and film director. ...

In the early to mid 1980s, artists started to use more sophisticated effects in their videos, and added a storyline or plot to the music video. A non-representational music video is one in which the musical artist is never shown. Because music videos are mainly intended to promote the artist, such videos are rare; two early 1980s examples, however, are Bruce Springsteen's Atlantic City directed by Arnold Levine and David Mallet's video for David Bowie/Queen's Under Pressure. Springsteen redirects here. ... Atlantic City is a song written and recorded by rock musician Bruce Springsteen, which first appeared on Springsteens 1982 solo guitar album Nebraska, which is generally considered one of Springsteens darker albums musically. ... David Mallet is a director particularly noted for his work on music videos, including David Bowies innovative Ashes to Ashes. ... David Bowie (pronounced ) (born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, producer, arranger, and audio engineer. ... Queen are an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist Brian May, lead vocalist Freddie Mercury, and drummer Roger Taylor, with bass guitarist John Deacon joining the following year. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Billboard credits^{[citation needed]} the independently-produced Video Concert Hall as being the first with nationwide video music programming on American television. Billboard can refer to: Billboard magazine Billboard (advertising) Billboard antenna In 3D computer graphics, to billboard is to rotate an object so that it faces the viewer. ... Video Concert Hall was an early USA Network television program featuring an unhosted rotation of music videos. ...

1981: MTV

In 1981, the U.S. video channel MTV launched, airing "Video Killed the Radio Star" and beginning an era of 24-hour-a-day music on television. With this new outlet for material, the music video would, by the mid-1980s, grow to play a central role in popular music marketing. Many important acts of this period, most notably Adam & the Ants, Madonna and Mylène Farmer, owed a great deal of their success to the skillful construction and seductive appeal of their videos. Some academics^[who?] have compared music video to silent film, and it is suggested that stars like Madonna have (often quite deliberately) constructed an image that in many ways echoes the image of the great stars of the silent era such as Greta Garbo. But the music video which would arguably make the biggest impact on the music video industry was the music video for Michael Jackson's song Thriller.^[5] For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ... Video Killed the Radio Star is a New Wave song released in 1979 by the British group Buggles that celebrates the golden days of radio. ... Adam and the Ants were a new wave band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... This article is about the American entertainer. ... Mylène Farmer (French IPA: ) (September 12, 1961), born Mylène Jeanne Gautier,[1] is a Canadian-born French singer and songwriter. ... A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ... Greta Garbo (September 18, 1905 – April 15, 1990) was a Swedish-born actress during Hollywoods silent film period and part of its Golden Age. ... Look up Thriller in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In 1986, Peter Gabriel's song "Sledgehammer" used special effects and animation techniques developed by British studio Aardman Animation. The video for Sledgehammer would go on to be a phenomenal success^[6] and won nine MTV Video Music Awards. It placed at #1 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "Top 100 Music Videos" in 1993, and placing #4 on a similar list from MTV in 1999. Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950, in Cobham,[1] Surrey, England) is an English musician. ... Sledgehammer is a hit song by Peter Gabriel from his 1986 album So. ... Aardman Animations is a British stop motion animation studio founded by Peter Lord and David Sproxton in 1972. ... This article is about the magazine. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ...

Influential TV shows

Top of the Pops

In the UK the importance of Top of the Pops to promote a single created an environment of innovation and competition amongst bands and record labels as the show's producers placed strict limits on the number of videos it would use. Therefore a good video would increase a song's sales as viewers hoped to see it again the following week. David Bowie scored his first UK number one in nearly a decade thanks to director David Mallet's eye catching promo for "Ashes to Ashes". Another act to succeed from this tactic was Madness, who shot on 16 mm and 35 mm short micro-comedic films. Top of the Pops, also known as TOTP, was a long-running British music chart television programme, made and broadcast by the BBC. It was originally shown each week, mostly on BBC One, from 1 January 1964 to 30 July 2006. ... David Mallet is a director particularly noted for his work on music videos, including David Bowies innovative Ashes to Ashes. ... Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) track listing Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (3) Ashes to Ashes (4) Fashion (5) Ashes to Ashes is a single by David Bowie, released in 1980. ... Madness are a British pop/ska band from Camden Town, London, that formed in 1976. ...

Top of the Pops was censorous in its approach to video content, so another method was for an act to produce a promo that would be banned or edited. It would then use the resulting public controversy to promote the release. Early examples of this tactic were Duran Duran's "Girls on Film" and Frankie Goes to Hollywood with "Relax", directed by Bernard Rose. Duran Duran are an English rock band notable for a long series of popular singles and vivid music videos. ... Frankie Goes to Hollywood (FGTH) was a UK dance-pop band that was extremely popular in the mid 1980s. ...

The Chart Show

Another important development in music videos was the launch of The Chart Show on the UK's Channel 4 in 1986. This was a program which consisted entirely of music videos (the only outlet many videos had on British TV at the time), without presenters. Instead, the videos were linked by then state of the art computer graphics. The show moved to ITV in 1989, and was axed in 1998. By this time the program's use had largely been supplanted by satellite and cable music channels with increasing numbers of people having access to such channels, and the launch of Digital Television occurring around the same time (Ironically, digital television would lead to the rebirth of The Chart Show in 2002 as a digital music channel, Chart Show TV). The Chart Show (also known as the ITV Chart Show) was an hour-long music video programme which ran in the UK on Channel 4 between 1986 and 1988, then on ITV between 1989 and 1998. ... This article is about the British television station. ... This article is about the scientific discipline of computer graphics. ... For other uses, see ITV (disambiguation). ... Digital television (DTV) refers to the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by means of discrete (digital) signals, in contrast to the analog signals used by analog TV. Introduced in the late 1990s, this technology appealed to the television broadcasting business and consumer electronics industries as offering new... Chart Show TV is a British music television channel owned and operated by CSC Media Group (formerly Chart Show Channels). ...

Countdown

Although little acknowledged outside Australia, it is arguable that the 1970s–1980s Australian TV pop show Countdown — and to a lesser extent its commercial competitors Sounds and Nightmoves — were important precursors to MTV. Countdown was a long-running popular weekly Australian music television show broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation from late 1974 until July 19, 1987. ... Sounds was a popular Australian television series featuring pop and rock music. ...

Countdown, which was based on Top of the Pops, was successful in Australia and other countries quickly followed the format. At its highpoint during most of the 1980s it was to be aired in 22 countries including TV Europe. In 1978 the Dutch TV-broadcasting company Veronica started its own version of Countdown, which during the 1980s featured Adam Curry as its best known presenter. The program gained international significance in the recording industry in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Produced on a shoestring by the government-owned ABC national TV network, its low budget, and Australia's distance proved to be influential factors in the show's early preference for music video. The relative rarity of visits by international artists to Australia and the availability of high-quality, free promotional films meant that Countdown soon came to rely heavily on music videos in order to feature such performers. This article is about the video jockey. ... The Australian Broadcasting Corporation or ABC is Australias national non-profit public broadcaster. ...

The show's talent coordinator, Ian "Molly" Meldrum, and his producers realized that these music videos were becoming an important new commodity in music marketing. For the first time, pre-produced music videos gave TV the opportunity to present pop music in a format that rivaled or even exceeded the impact of radio airplay, and it was soon apparent that Countdown could single-handedly break new pop acts and new songs by established artists — a role that up until then been the exclusive preserve of radio. From video The Ultimate Kylie 2004 Ian Molly Meldrum (born January 29, 1946) is a popular Australian popular music critic, journalist, record producer, and musical entrepreneur, best known as talent co-ordinator, on-air interviewer and music news presenter on the seminal popular music program Countdown. ...

Although Countdown continued to rely heavily on studio appearances by local and visiting acts, competing shows like Sounds lacked the resources to present regular studio performances, so they were soon using music videos almost exclusively. As the 1980s progressed, the ability to use music videos to give bands the best possible presentation saw record companies making more, and more lavish, promotional videos.

Realising the potential of music video, Countdown negotiated a controversial deal with local record labels, giving them first refusal and a period of exclusive use for any new video that came into the country, and with its nationwide reach and huge audience, the show was able to use music videos to break a number of important new local and overseas acts, notably ABBA, Queen, Meat Loaf, Blondie, Devo, Cyndi Lauper and Madonna. This early success in Australia in turn enabled these acts to gain airplay and TV exposure and score breakthrough hits in their home countries. Abba redirects here. ... Queen are an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist Brian May, lead vocalist Freddie Mercury, and drummer Roger Taylor, with bass guitarist John Deacon joining the following year. ... This article is about the singer. ... Blondie is the name of an American rock band that first gained fame in the late 1970s, and which has sold over 140 million records. ... Devo (pronounced DEE-vo or dee-VO, often spelled DEVO or DEV-O) is an American New Wave group formed in Akron, Ohio in 1972. ... Cynthia Ann Stephanie Cyndi Lauper (born June 22, 1953) is an American Grammy Award-winning singer, songwriter, and MTV VMA-winning video and Emmy Award-winning film, television and Theater actress. ... This article is about the American entertainer. ...

Directors and creative rights

Since December 1992, when MTV began listing directors with the artist and song credits, music videos have increasingly become an auteur's medium. Few if any filmmakers train specifically to make music videos, and very few can afford to make them exclusively. Most split their time between videos and other film projects. Music video directors - who generally conceive, write, and direct their videos - currently receive no authorship, creative rights, profit participation or residual income from DVDs, iTunes, and other new media on which their work may appear. The term auteur (French for author) is used to describe film directors (or, more rarely, producers or writers) who are considered to have a distinctive, recognizable vision, because they (a) repeatedly return to the same subject matter, (b) habitually address a particular psychological or moral theme, (c) employ a recurring... DVD (also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc - see Etymology) is a popular optical disc storage media format. ...

However, those features of the industry that tend to make music video direction a less-than-lucrative profession, have also made the medium an exciting art-form, one defined by the cross-pollination of ideas and approaches from various disciplines. Music video directors, like most filmmakers in general, emerge from disparate backgrounds, and don't share much in the way of common thinking or set-in-stone pedagogy, bringing to the field a diversity of experience. Cross pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen from one plant pollinates another. ... The film director, on the right, gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, whilst filming a costume drama on location in London. ...

Censorship

As the concept and medium of a music video is a form of artistic expression, artists have been on many occasions censored if their content is deemed offensive. What may be considered offensive will differ in countries due to censorship laws and local customs and ethics. In most cases, the record label will provide and distribute videos edited or provide both censored and uncensored videos for an artist. In some cases, it has been known for music videos to be banned in their entirety as they have been deemed far too offensive to be broadcast.

The first video to be rejected by Music Television was "Girls on Film" by Duran Duran in 1981 because it contained full frontal nudity; it was also rejected by the BBC. In 1989, Cher's "If I Could Turn Back Time" video (where the singer performs the song in an extremely revealing body suit surrounded by a ship full of cheering sailors) was restricted to late-night broadcasts on MTV. The MTV logotype, often used in different, less stylized, forms. ... Girls On Film is the second single from the New Wave band, Duran Duran. ... Duran Duran are an English rock band notable for a long series of popular singles and vivid music videos. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... This article is about the entertainer. ... If I Could Turn Back Time is a song written by Diane Warren and was used as the second North American and first European single release from American singer/actress Chers 20th album Heart of Stone. ...

In 1983, Entertainment Tonight ran a segment on censorship and "Rock Video Violence."^[7] The episode explored the impact of MTV rock video violence on the youth of the early 1980s. Excerpts from the music videos of Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, Kiss, Kansas, Billy Idol, Def Leppard, Pat Benatar and the Rolling Stones were shown. Dr. Thomas Radecki of the National Coalition on TV Violence was interviewed accusing the fledgling rock video business of excessive violence. Night Tracks producer Tom Lynch weighed in on the effects of the video violence controversy. Recording artists John Cougar Mellencamp, Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of Kiss, along with directors Dominic Orlando and Julien Temple, provided a defense of their work. The episode's conclusion was that the controversy will continue to grow. Entertainment Tonight is a daily television entertainment news show that is syndicated by CBS Paramount Domestic Television throughout the United States, Canada, on the Nine Network in Australia and on UBC Inside in Thailand. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ... For other persons named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation). ... Duran Duran are an English rock band notable for a long series of popular singles and vivid music videos. ... Kiss is an American rock band formed in New York City in January 1973. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Billy Idol (born William Michael Albert Broad) is a British hard rock singer-songwriter and musician. ... Def Leppard are an English hard rock band from Sheffield who formed in 1977 as part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal movement. ... Pat Benatar (born Patricia Mae Andrzejewski on 10 January 1953) is an influential, four-time Grammy Award-winning US rock singer who has recorded several million- and multimillion-selling albums and singles. ... This article is about the rock band. ... Night Tracks was an American television series which ran from 1983 to 1992 on WTBS (later known as TBS) on late night weekends. ... John Mellencamp (born October 7, 1951 in Seymour, Indiana) is an American singer and songwriter, known for a long and successful recording and performing career highlighted by a series of 1980s hits, including Jack and Diane, and by his role in the Farm Aid charity event. ... Chaim Witz (חיים וויץ), (born August 25, 1949 in Haifa, Israel), better known by his stage name Gene Simmons, is an Israeli-American hard rock bass guitarist and vocalist. ... This article is about the metal musician. ... Julien Temple (born November 26, 1953 in London) is an English film, documentary and music video director. ...

In 1991 the dance segment of Michael Jackson's "Black or White" was cut because it showed Michael Jackson "inappropriately" touching himself in it. Michael Jackson's most controversial video, "They Don't Care About Us" was banned from MTV, VH1, and BBC because of the alleged anti-Semitic message in the song and the visuals in the background of the "Prison Version" of the video.^{[citation needed]} For other persons named Michael Jackson, see Michael Jackson (disambiguation). ... Black or White was the first single taken from Michael Jacksons album Dangerous, released in November 1991. ... Michael Jacksons Visionary chronology Earth Song (2006) They Dont Care About Us (2006) Stranger in Moscow (2006) HIStory track listing They Dont Care About Us was the third U.S. single and fourth European single released from American rock and R&B singer-songwriter Michael Jacksons... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Madonna is the artist most associated with music video censorship. The controversy surrounding her marketing of sexuality began with the video for "Lucky Star", and amplified over time due to clips such as "Like a Virgin". Outcry occurred over the subject matter discussed in "Papa Don't Preach", although the video is tastefully done.^{[citation needed]} "Like a Prayer" courted heavy criticism due to its religious, sexual, and racially-oriented imagery. This article is about the American entertainer. ... Madonna track listing Lucky Star (1) Borderline (2) The Immaculate Collection track listing Holiday (1) Lucky Star (2) Borderline (3) Alternate covers Second (and most common) cover of the UK 7 release of Lucky Star Original cover of the UK Lucky Star single, the 7 of which is one of... Like a Virgin is the second studio album by singer Madonna. ... True Blue track listing The Immaculate Collection track listing Papa Dont Preach is the second single by American singer-songwriter Madonna from her 3rd studio album True Blue and was released on June 11, 1986 by Sire Records. ... This article is about the album. ...

In 1990, Madonna's music video for the song "Justify My Love" was banned by MTV due to its depiction of sadomasochism, homosexuality, cross-dressing, and group sex, generating a media firestorm. The debate over the banning of "Justify My Love" by the Canadian music video network MuchMusic led to the launching in 1991 of Too Much 4 Much, a series of occasional, late-night specials (still being aired in the early 2000s) in which videos officially banned by MuchMusic were broadcast, followed by panel discussion