The neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page.

The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimūn, full title "The Society of the Muslim Brothers", often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, "the Brotherhood" or "MB") is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement and the world's largest, most influential Islamist group^[1]. The MB is the largest political opposition organization in many Arab nations, particularly Egypt. Founded by the sufi schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928, it has spawned several offshoot organizations in the Middle East, dedicated to the credo: Image File history File links Circle-question-red. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Ismailia is the capital of the governorate of Al Ismailiyah, and one of the newest cities in Egypt. ... Islamist is sometimes also used for a scholar who studies Islam and Muslim societies. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Pan-Islam is a religious movement calling for the Muslims of the world to unite. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Hassan al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

"Allah is our objective. The Prophet is our leader. Qur'an is our law. Jihad is our way. Dying in the way of Allah is our highest hope." Flag, featuring the Shahada, used by Muslims Army during early Islam Jihad (Arabic: IPA: ) as an Islamic term, is sometimes referred to as the sixth pillar of Islam, although it occupies no official status as such in Sunni Islam. ...

^[2][3] The MB seeks to instill the Qur'an and Sunnah as the "sole reference point for ... ordering the life of the Muslim family, individual, community ... and state",^[4] and ultimately to reestablish a Caliphate or unified Muslim state. The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: ;, literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Alcoran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ...

Since its inception in 1928 the movement has officially opposed violent means to achieve its goals, with some exceptions such as in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict or to overthrow secular Ba'athist rule in Syria (see Hama massacre). This official position has been questioned, particularly by the Egyptian government who accused it of a campaign of killings in Egypt after World War II.^[5] Members are regularly arbitrarily arrested;^[6][7] the regime of Hosni Mubarak has obstructed the party's attempts to field candidates in elections, with sweeping arrests or harassment of activists just before elections,^[8][9] riot police obstructing voters and blocking access to polling booths in MB strongholds,^[10] However, supporters of the MB have demonstrated violence on their part in many occasions and have often clashed with supporters of other parties, specifically the NDP. Outside of Egypt, MB political activity has been described as evolving away from modernism and reformism towards a more traditional, "rightist conversative" stance. The MB party in Kuwait for example, opposing the right of women to vote.^[11] Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, who both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land... Baath Party flag The Ba‘ath Parties (also spelled Baath or Ba‘th; Arabic: اﻟﺒﻌﺚ) comprise political parties representing the political face of the Ba‘ath movement. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسنى سيد مبارك Muḥammad ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), commonly known as Hosni Mubarak (Arabic: حسنى مبارك ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), has been the President of Egypt since 14 October 1981. ...

Among the Brotherhood's more influential members was Sayyid Qutb. Sayyid was the author of one of the Brotherhood’s most important books, Milestones, which called for the restoration of Islam by re-establishing the Sharia (Islamic law) and by using "physical power and Jihad for abolishing the organizations and authorities of the Jahili system,"^[12] which he believed to include the entire Muslim world. ^[13] While studying at university, Osama bin Laden was influenced by the religious and political ideas of several professors with strong ties to the Muslim Brotherhood, although bin Laden now differs significantly with the MB in creed (Aqeeda), theology and methods and has been repudiated by the MB. Sayyid Qutb Sayyid Qutb (IPA pronunciation: ) (Arabic: ‎; 9 October 1906[1] – 29 August 1966) was an Egyptian intellectual author, and Islamist associated with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. ... Maalim fi-l-Tariq or Milestones (Arabic: معالم في الطريق), first published in 1964, is a book by Egyptian Islamist author Sayyid Qutb in which he lays out a plan and makes a call to action to re-create the Muslim world on strictly Quranic grounds, casting off what Qutb calls... Sharia (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic law. ... Flag, featuring the Shahada, used by Muslims Army during early Islam Jihad (Arabic: IPA: ) as an Islamic term, is sometimes referred to as the sixth pillar of Islam, although it occupies no official status as such in Sunni Islam. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...

The MB is financed by contributions from its members who are required to allocate portion of their income to the movement. Most of these contributions come from members living in oil-rich countries, such as Saudi Arabia.^[14]

Beliefs

In Muslim Brotherhood belief, the Quran and Sunna constitute a perfect way of life and social and political organization that God has set out for man. Islamic governments must be based on this system and eventually unified in a Caliphate. The MB goal, as stated by Brotherhood founder Hassan al-Banna was to reclaim Islam’s manifest destiny, an empire, stretched from Spain to Indonesia.^[15] It preaches that Islam enjoins man to strive for social justice, the eradication of poverty and corruption, and political freedom -- provided the freedoms do not violate the laws of Islam. The Brotherhood strongly opposes Western colonialism, and helped overthrow the pro-western monarchies in Egypt and other Muslim nations during the early 20th century. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ... Hassan al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... The term Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e. ...

On the issue of women and gender the MB interprets Islam quite strictly. Its founder called for "a campaign against ostentation in dress and loose behavior," "segregation of male and female students," a separate curriculum for girls, and "the prohibition of dancing and other such pastimes..."^[16] The brotherhood does not restrict women from voting, working, or taking an active role in politics and public life.^[17]

The Brotherhood is one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world,^[18] and especially so in the Arab world. It was founded in Egypt and Egypt is considered the center of the movement; it is generally weaker in the Maghreb, or North Africa, than in the Arab Levant. Brotherhood branches form the main opposition to the governments in several countries in the Arab world, such as Egypt, Syria and Jordan, and are politically active to some extent in nearly every Muslim country ^{[citation needed]}. There are also diaspora branches in several Western nations and in south and east Asia, composed by immigrants previously active in the Brotherhood in their home countries. The Islamic world is the world-wide community of those who identify with Islam, known as Muslims, and who number approximately one-and-a-half billion people. ... Map of Arab League states in dark green with non-Arab areas in light green and Mauritania, Somalia and Djibouti in striped green due to their Arab League membership but non-Arab population. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Levant The Levant (IPA: /ləvænt/) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ... The meaning of opposition-Hostile attitude or action: a disapproving attitude toward something and a wish to prevent it, or action taken to show disapproval of and prevent something Public opposition to the plan was growing. ... Map of Arab League states in dark green with non-Arab areas in light green and Mauritania, Somalia and Djibouti in striped green due to their Arab League membership but non-Arab population. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation). ... The term Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e. ...

The movement is immensely influential in many Muslim countries, and where legally possible, it often operates important networks of Islamic charities, guaranteeing it a support base among Muslim poor. However, most of the countries where the Brotherhood is active are ruled by undemocratic regimes. As a consequence, the movement is banned in several Arab nations, and the lack of a democratic system prevents it from gaining power through elections. Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predominantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Roman Catholicism, Alawite Islam, Druzism, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism Footnotes a Mainly in Antakya. ... Democracy is a form of government under which the power to alter the laws and structures of government lies, ultimately, with the citizenry. ...

Position on violence

The Brotherhood's official position of opposing most terror against civilians and condemning the 9/11 attacks is a matter of controversy. The position has caused disputes within the movement with more radical, violent members at times breaking away to form groups such as the Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Group) and Al Takfir Wal Hijra (Excommunication and Migration).^[19] Al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (Arabic: ألجماعه الاسلاميه ) (Arabic for the Islamic Group; also transliterated Gamaat Islamiya, Jamaat al Islamiya, al-Jamāah al-Islāmiyah etc. ... Takfir wal-Hijra (Arabic تكفير والهجرة - Excommunication and Exodus) is a violent Islamic Salafi extremist group who emerged in Egypt in the 1960s. ...

But some observers have questioned the sincerity of the MB. These doubters and issues of doubt include:

• Rachel Ehrenfeld who has claimed the Brotherhood's non-violent stance is part of a "chameleon-like adaptation is tactical moderation with the ultimate objective of complete Islamization of society."^[20]
• White House counterterrorism chief Juan Zarate, who says "The Muslim Brotherhood is a group that worries us not because it deals with philosophical or ideological ideas but because it defends the use of violence against civilians." ^[21]
• Columnist and former Kuwaiti official Dr. Ahmad Al-Rabi, who has written that the "beginnings of all of the religious terrorism that we are witnessing today were in the Muslim Brotherhood's ideology."^[22]
• Former U.S. Middle East peace envoy Dennis Ross who told Asharq Alawsat newspaper that the Muslim Brotherhood is a global, not a local organization, governed by a Shura (Consultative) Council, which rejects cessation of violence in Israel, and supports violence to achieve its political objectives elsewhere too. ^[23]
• Newsweek journalists Mark Hosenball and Michael Isikoff report connections between al-Qaeda and Brotherhood figures Mamoun Darkazanli and Youssef Nada.^[24]
• The Brotherhood is widely believed to have had a `secret apparatus` responsible for terrorist attacks in Egypt including the assassination of Egypt's prime minister in 1948.
• The Brotherhood currently advocates suicide bombing attacks on civilians to fight Zionism, and its Palestinian wing Hamas^[25] targets both civilians and the military in Israel.
• Abdul Rahman al-Amoudi, an "expert in the art of deception" was an influential lobbyist and founder and head of the Brotherhood-linked American Muslim Council before being convicted and sentenced to 23 years in prison for conspiracy to murder Saudi Prince Abdullah at the behest of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi. ^[26]

On the other hand, some analysts maintain that whatever the source of modern jihadi terrorism and the actions of some rogue members, the Brotherhood now has little in common with radical Islamists and modern jihadists who often condemn the Brotherhood as too moderate. ^[27] Still others argue the origins of modern Muslim terrorism are found in Wahhabi ideology, not that of the Muslim Brotherhood. Dr. Rachel Ehrenfeld is the Director of the American Center for Democracy (www. ... Asharq Alawsat (Arabic: ‎ The Middle East) is a major pan-Arabic daily newspaper, with a circulation of 200,000 [1], printed simultaneously on four continents in twelve cities. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Mamoun Darkazanli is a man suspected by Spain of having prior knowledge or participation with the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack. ... Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... Abdul Rahman Al-Amoudi, born in Eritrea and raised in Yemen, and was involved with the selection of Muslim chaplains for the U.S. military. ... The American Muslim Council is a Muslim organization aimed at empowerment of American Muslims. ... The custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud (Arabic: , born August 1, 1924) [2] is the King of Saudi Arabia. ... Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi1 (Arabic:   ) (born c. ... Wahhabism (sometimes spelled Wahabbism or Wahabism) is a movement of Islam named after Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703–1792). ...

The MB itself angrily denounces the "catchy and effective terms and phrases" like "fundamentalist" and "political Islam" used by the "Western Media" to pigeonhole the MB, and points to its "15 Principles" for an Egyptian National Charter, including "freedom of personal conviction, ... freedom of personal conviction, ... opinion, ... forming political parties, ... public gatherings, ... free and fair elections ..." ^[28]

Branches

Egypt

Main article: History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt

Hassan al-Banna founded the Muslim Brotherhood in the city of Ismailia in March 1928 along with six workers of the Suez Canal Company. It began as a religious, political, and social movement with the credo, “Allah is our objective; the Quran is our constitution, the Prophet is our leader; Jihad is our way; and death for the sake of Allah is the highest of our aspirations.”^[2][3] Al-Banna called for the return to an original Islam and followed Islamic reformers like Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida. According to him, contemporary Islam had lost its social dominance, because most Muslims had been corrupted by Western influences. Sharia law based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah were seen as laws passed down by Allah that should be applied to all parts of life, including the organization of the government and the handling of everyday problems.^[29]. Ironically, the founding was aided by the British to keep Egyptian nationalism and anti-colonialism in check.^{[citation needed]} // Muslim Brotherhood(Bana), Nazis And Al Qaeda Muslim Brotherhood,(Bana) Nazis And Al Qaeda Google Results Google Search results for banna Google Search results for banna hamas Google Search results for mufti jerusalem arafat 1928-1938 For details and sources, see the main History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt... Hassan al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. ... Ismailia is the capital of the governorate of Al Ismailiyah, and one of the newest cities in Egypt. ... For other uses, see Suez (disambiguation). ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Mohammed Abduh Muhammad Abduh (or Muhammad Abduh) (Arabic: محمد عبده ) (Nile Delta, 1849 - Alexandria, July 11, 1905, ) was an Egyptian jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer known as the founder of Islamic Modernism. ... Rashid Rida (1865-1935) was a Syrian intellectual of the Islamic modernist tradition pioneered by Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad Abduh. ... The term Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e. ... Sharia (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic law. ... The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: ;, literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Alcoran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ...

The Brotherhood also saw itself as a political and social revolutionary movement. Al-Banna strived to be a populist. The Muslim Brotherhood claimed to want to protect the workers against the tyranny of foreign and monopolist companies. It founded social institutions such as hospitals, pharmacies, schools, etc. However, in addition to holding conservative views on issues such as women's rights,^[16] it was from the start extremely hostile to independent working-class and popular organisations such as trade unions.^[29] The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 during the French Revolution. ... Look up Populism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

By 1936, it had 800 members, then this number increased greatly to up to 200,000 by 1938. By 1948, the Brotherhood had about half a million members. Robin Hallett says: "By the late 1940s the Brotherhood was reckoned to have as many as 2 million members, while it strong Pan-Islamic ideas had gained it supporters in other Arab lands".^[30] The Muslim Brotherhood also tried to build up something like an Islamist International, thus founding groups in Lebanon (in 1936), Syria (1937), and Transjordan (1946). It also recruited among the foreign students in Cairo. Its headquarters in Cairo became a center and meeting place for representative from the whole Muslim world.^[29] Map of the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine The Emirate of Transjordan was an autonomous political division of the British Mandate of Palestine, created as an administrative entity in April 1921 before the Mandate came into effect. ... Nickname: Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center) Coordinates: , Government  - Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area  - City 214 km²  (82. ...

In November 1948 police seized an automobile containing the documents and plans of what is thought to be the Brotherhood's "secret apparatus" with names of its members. The seizure was preceded by an assortment of bombings and assassination attempts by the apparatus. Subsequently 32 of its leaders are arrested and its offices raided.^[31] The next month the Egyptian Prime Minister of Egypt, Mahmud Fahmi Nokrashi, ordered the dissolution of the Brotherhood.

In what is thought to be retaliation for these acts, a member of the Brotherhood, veterinary student Abdel Meguid Ahmed Hassan, assassinated the Prime Minister on December 28, 1948. A month and half later Al-Banna himself was killed in Cairo by men believed to be government agents and/or supporters of the murdered premier.

The Brotherhood has been an illegal organization, tolerated to varying degrees, since 1954 when it was convicted of the attempt to assassinate Gamal Abdel Nasser, head of the Egyptian government. The group had denied involvement in the accident and accused the government of staging the accident to use it as a pretext to persecute the group and its members. Under this pretext, From 1954 until Nasser's death in 1971, thousands of Muslim Brotherhood members were systemically tortured under Nasser's secular regime, highlighted in Zainab al Ghazali's Return of the Pharaoh.Nasser's successor, Anwar Sadat, promised the Brotherhood that shari'a would be implemented as the Egyptian law and released all of the Brotherhood prisoners. However, as a result of Sadat signing a peace agreement with Israel in 1979, another Islamic group - not the brotherhood - assassinated Sadat in September, 1981. Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: - ; Masri: جمال عبد الناصر - also transliterated as Jamal Abd al-Naser, Jamal Abd an-Nasser and other variants; January 15, 1918 – September 28, 1970) was the President of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. ... Zaynab Al-Ghazali (b. ... ZANAB AL-GHAZALI AL-JUBAILI was born in Egypt in 1917. ... Muhammad Anwar Al-Sadat (محمد أنورالسادات in Arabic) (December 25, 1918 – October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and served as the third President of Egypt from September 28, 1970 until his assassination on October 6, 1981. ...

The Brotherhood is still periodically subjected to mass arrests. It remains Egypt's most popular opposition group, advocating Islamic reform, democratic system and maintaining a vast network of support through Islamic charities working among poor Egyptians.[10]. The political direction it has been taking lately has tended towards more moderate Islamism and Islamic Democracy, somewhat more anti-Western than and a degree to right of Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party. Democracy describes a number of related forms of government. ... Two kinds of democratic states can be recognized in the Islamic countries. ... The Justice and Development Party (Turkish: or AK Parti, or AKP[1]) is a centre-right, conservative Turkish political party. ...

In the 2005 parliamentary elections, the Brotherhood's candidates, who must run as independents due to their illegality as a political party, won 88 seats (20% of the total) to form the largest opposition bloc. The electoral process was marred by many irregularities, including the arrest of hundreds of Brotherhood members. On the other hand observers such as Jameel Theyabi, writing in an op-ed for Dar Al-Hayat, noted that a December 2006 Muslim Brotherhood military parade and the "wearing of uniforms, displaying the phrase, 'We Will be Steadfast', and the drills involving martial arts, betray the group's intent to plan for the creation of militia structures, and a return by the group to the era of 'secret cells'...." ^[32]

Meanwhile, approved opposition parties won only 14 seats. This revived the debate within the Egyptian political elite about whether the Brotherhood should remain banned.

General leaders (G.L) or Mentors of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt المرشد العام لجماعة الإخوان المسلمون

• Founder & First G.leader : Hassan al Banna حسن البنا
• 2nd G.L : Hassan al Hodeiby حسن الهضيبى
• 3rd G.L : Omar al Telmesany عمر التلمسانى
• 4th G.L : Mohamed Hamed Abo al Nasr محمد حامد أبو النصر
• 5th G.L : Mostafa Mashour مصطفى مشهور
• 6th G.L : Maimoun al Hedeby مأمون الهضيبى
• 7th G.L & Current G.L : Mohammed Mahdi Akef محمد المهدى عاكف

Hassan al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Algeria

The Muslim Brotherhood reached Algeria as early as the French Colonial presence in the country. Sheikh Ahmad Sahnoun led the Muslim brotherhood organization in Algeria between 1953 and 1954 during the French colonialism. The Muslim Brotherhood in Algeria is known by the name of the Movement for the Society of Peace (MSP), led by Mahfoud Nahnah until his death in 2003. In 1995, he ran for President of Algeria getting 25.38 % of the popular vote. The Movement for the Society of Peace, which changed its name from Hamas, received 7% of the vote in the 2002 elections and has 38 members in the parliament. MSP is a legal political organization and enjoys parliamentary representation. In the 2004 presidential elections, they endorsed and were part of a coalition supporting current president Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Politics of Algeria Categories: Politics stubs | Algerian political parties ... Mahfoud Nahnah (1942-2003) was the leader of the Islamist political party Movement of Society for Peace in Algeria. ... The President is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian armed forces. ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... Abdelaziz Bouteflika (IPA: ) (Arabic: عبد العزيز بوتفليقة) (born March 2, 1937 in Oujda, Morocco) has been the President of Algeria since 1999. ...

Bahrain

In Bahrain, the Muslim Brotherhood is represented by the Al Eslah Society and its political wing, the Al-Menbar Islamic Society. Following parliamentary elections in 2002, Al Menbar became the joint largest party with eight seats in the forty seat Chamber of Deputies. Prominent members of Al Menbar include Dr Salah Abdulrahman, Dr Salah Al Jowder, and outspoken MP Mohammed Khalid. The party has generally backed government sponsored legislation on economic issues, but has sought a clamp down on pop concerts, sorcery and soothsayers. It has strongly opposed the government's accession to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on the grounds that this would give Muslim citizens the right to change religion, when in the party's view they should be "beheaded" [11]. Municipal dancer,miss Salah Al Jowder, has campaigned against people being able to look into other people's houses, changing the local by-laws in Muharraq to ensure that all new buildings are fitted with one way glass to prevent residents being able to see out[12]. Although a competitor with the salafist Asalah party, it seems likely that Al Menbar will opt for a political alliance in 2006's election to avoid splitting the Sunni Islamist vote. The Al Eslah Society (Arabic: جمعية الإصلاح) is an organization in Bahrain that represents the Muslim Brotherhood movement. ... Al Menbar Islamic Bloc (Arabic: المنبر الوطني الإسلامي, literally Islamic National Tribune) is the political wing of the Al Islah Society in Bahrain, associated with the Muslim Brotherhood. ... Al Menbar Islamic Bloc (Arabic: المنبر الوطني الإسلامي, literally Islamic National Tribune) is the political wing of the Al Islah Society in Bahrain, associated with the Muslim Brotherhood. ... The Council of Representatives (Majlis an-nuwab), sometimes translated as the Chamber of Deputies, is the name given to the lower house of the Bahraini National Assembly, the main legislative body of Bahrain. ... One of Bahrain’s most outspoken Islamist MPs is Mohammed Khalid, the Al Menbar representative from the Northern Governorate. ... Parties to the ICCPR: members in green, non-members in grey The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, created in 1966 and entered into force on 23 March 1976. ... Categories: Middle East geography stubs | Bahrain ... This article is on the beliefs of the followers of the Salaf. ... Asalah is the main Salafist party in Bahrain, and after 2002s general election is one of the most well represented in the Kingdoms parliament with seven MPs. ...

Syria

Main article: History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

Founded in the 1930s by Syrian students who had participated in the Egyptian Brotherhood, the Brotherhood in Syria played a major role in the mainly Sunni-based resistance movement that opposed the secularist, pan-Arabist Baath Party, which seized power in 1963 (since 1970, it has been dominated for the Alawite Assad family, adding a religious element to its conflict with the Brotherhood). This conflict developed into an armed struggle that continued until culminating in the Hama uprising of 1982, when the rebellion was bloodily crushed by the military.[13] Since then, the Brotherhood has ceased to be an active political force inside Syria, but it retains a network of support in the country, of unknown strength, and has external headquarters in London and Cyprus. In recent years it has renounced violence and adopted a reformist platform, calling for the establishment of a pluralistic, democratic political system. However, membership of the Brotherhood remains a capital offence in Syria, as specified under Emergency Law 49 of 1980. The leader of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood is Ali Sadr al-Din al-Bayanuni, who lives as a political refugee in London. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Face The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... George Jacob Holyoake (1817-1906), British writer who coined the term secularism. ... Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the Middle East. ... Baath Party symbol Party flag The Arab Socialist Baath Party (also spelled Bath or Baath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي Ḥizb al-Ba`ṯ al-`ArabÄ« al-IÅ¡tirāki) was founded in 1947 as a radical, secular Arab nationalist political party. ... For the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco see:Alaouite Dynasty, for the former state now in Yemen see: Alawi (sheikhdom) The Alawi, also known as Alawites, Nusayris or Ansaris, are a Middle Eastern sect of Shia Islam[1][2] prominent in Syria The terms AlawÄ« and Alevi, although they share... The Assads are an Alawite family from the Lattakia region (specifically Qardaha), which has since 1970 held political power in Syria. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Socialist Reformism is the belief that gradual democratic changes in a society can ultimately change a societys fundamental economic relations and political structures. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

v • d • e Political parties in Syria

National Progressive Front: Arab Socialist Baath Party - Arab Socialist Movement - Arab Socialist Union - Syrian Communist Party - Social Democratic Unionists - Socialist Unionists - Syrian Social Nationalist Party Clandestine: Syrian Democratic People's Party - Arab Socialist Democratic Baath Party - Muslim Brotherhood - Reform Party of Syria - Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria- United Islamic Front - Syrian Republican Party

Political parties in Syria lists political parties in Syria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... The National Progressive Front (NPF), established in 1972, is a coalition of political parties in Syria which support the socialist and Arab nationalist orientation of the government and accept the leadership of the Arab Socialist Ba’th Party. ... Baath Party symbol Party flag The Arab Socialist Baath Party (also spelled Bath or Baath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي Ḥizb al-Ba`ṯ al-`Arabī al-Ištirāki) was founded in 1947 as a radical, secular Arab nationalist political party. ... The Arab Socialist Movement is a political party in Syria. ... The Arab Socialist Union (Arabic: , ; French: lUnion Socialiste Arabe) is one of a number of loosely related political parties based on the principles of Nasserist Arab socialism in a number of countries. ... The Syrian Communist Party evolved out of the Syrian-Lebanese Communist Party founded in 1924. ... The Social Democratic Unionists (al-Wahdawiuyun al-Dimukatiyyun Al-Ijtimaiyyun) is a political party in Syria. ... The Socialist Unionists (al-Wahdawiyyun al-Ishtirakiyyun) is a Nasserist political party in Syria. ... SSNP flag The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) is a nationalist political party in Syria and Lebanon. ... The Syrian Democratic Peoples Party (until 2005 the Syrian Communist Party (Political Bureau), also known as the Syrian Communist Party (Riad al-Turk)) is an illegal left-wing, democratic opposition party in Syria. ... The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimūn, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood or MB) is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement and the worlds largest, most influential Islamist group[1]. The MB is the largest political... Party logo The Reform Party of Syria, or RPS, is a political party committed to democracy and the separation of mosque and state in Syria. ...

Palestine

The fifth group in Palestine was formed in Jerusalem in 1936, with other groups springing up the same year in Jaffa, Lod, Haifa, Nablus, and Tulkarm.^[33] The Brotherhood members fought alongside the Arab armies during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. After Israel's creation, the ensuing Palestinian refugee crisis encouraged more Palestinian Muslims to join the movement. However, the Arab nationalists in control of the West Bank and Gaza were hard on Islamist activists such as the Muslim Brotherhood, judging them to be against the political process and secular nationalism. For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Jaffa (Hebrew יָפוֹ, Standard Hebrew Yafo, Tiberian Hebrew Yāp̄ô; Arabic يَافَا Yāfā; also Japho, Joppa), is an ancient city located in Israel. ... Downtown area of Lod Lod (Hebrew לוֹד; Arabic اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda, Tiberian Hebrew לֹד Lōḏ) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... Hebrew חֵיפָה Arabic حَيْفَا Founded in 3rd century CE Government City District Haifa Population 267,000 1,039,000 (metropolitan area) Jurisdiction 63,666 dunams (63. ... Map of the West Bank, with Nablus in the center north. ... Nickname: City of Generosity Motto: {{{motto}}} Official website: City of Tulkarm Location Location in Palestine Government Neighbourhoods Al-Salam, Al-Sowana, Dhinnaba, Iktaba, Irtah, Iskan Al-Mozafeen, Izbat Al-Jarad, Izbat Naser, Nur Shams Camp, Shuwaykah, Tulkarm Camp Mayor Mahmoud Al-Jallad Geographical characteristics Area 246 km² Land 246 km... Combatants  Israel Egypt, Syria, Transjordan,  Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin Glubb Pasha, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Hasan Salama, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji Strength  Israel: 29,677 initially rising to 115,000 by March 1949 Egypt: 10,000 initially rising... In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a Palestinian refugee is a refugee from Palestine created by the Palestinian Exodus, which Palestinian Arabs call the Nakba (Arabic: , meaning disaster or catastrophe). The United Nations definition of a Palestinian refugee is a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine between June 1946...

After the Six Day War when occupation started, Israel, usually through the Mossad, looked to cultivate Islam as a counterweight to Palestinian nationalism.^{[citation needed]} One of Israel's first actions after the war was to release various Muslim Brotherhood activists from prison, including Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, the future founder of Hamas^{[citation needed]}. From there, political Islamism grew exponentially. Between 1967 and 1987, the year Hamas was founded, the number of mosques in Gaza tripled from 200 to 600. (Dreyfuss 2006) Likewise, antagonistic and sometimes violent opposition to Fatah, the Palestine Liberation Organization and other secular nationalist groups increased dramatically in the streets and on university campuses. The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Six-Day War or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ...   (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations), often referred to as The Mossad (meaning The Institute), is Israels intelligence agency and is responsible for intelligence collection, counter-terrorism, covert operations such as paramilitary activities, and the facilitation of aliyah where it is banned. ... Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (~1937 — March 22, 2004) was the leader of Hamas until he was killed by an Israeli helicopter gunship. ... The Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) (Arabic: ;   or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary organization regarded by the Arab League since October 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. ...

The Islamic Resistance Movement, or Hamas, founded in 1987 in Gaza, is a wing of the Brotherhood[14], formed out of Brotherhood-affiliated charities that had gained a strong foothold among the local population. During the First Intifada (1987-93), Hamas militarized and transformed into one of the most violent Palestinian militant groups. Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... The First Intifada, or Palestinian uprising refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1990. ...

Hamas had refused to accept the 1993 Oslo Accords, and has, particularly during the al-Aqsa Intifada, launched a series of attacks (including suicide bombings) against Israeli civilians. This led many governments, including the USA, Canada, and the European Union, to label Hamas terrorist movement, while the prevailing view in the Arab-Muslim world has been that Hamas is carrying out a war of legitimate resistance. Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... A suicide bombing is an attack using a bomb in which the individual(s) carrying the explosive materials composing the bomb intend(s) and expect(s) to die upon detonation (see suicide). ... In times of armed conflict a civilian is any person who is not a combatant. ... Terrorist redirects here. ...

In the general elections of January 2006, Hamas swept to victory, claiming 74 out of the 132 seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Palestine, while still under occupation, thus became the only present-day Arab nation where the Muslim brotherhood has gained power through democratic elections. However, when the movement later formed the first non-Fatah government, this engendered considerable controversy, as Western governments refused to deal with a group that they had formally listed as a terrorist organization. This has caused an economic crisis for the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), as these governments withheld the foreign aid that is the main source of the PNA's income. While these developments are primarily a part of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, they are also closely monitored by supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood in other countries, and seen as a setback to its strategy of participating in democratic elections. Wikinews has news related to: Hamas wins Palestinian election On January 25, 2006, elections were held for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the legislature of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... The Palestinian Legislative Council, (sometimes referred to to as the Palestinan Parliament) the legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a unicameral body with 88 members, elected from 16 electoral districts in the West Bank and Gaza. ... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory belonging to a state passes to a hostile army. ... Fatah (Arabic: ); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major secular Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a generally secular multi-party confederation. ... Foreign Terrorist Organizations are foreign organizations that are designated as terrorist by the United States Secretary of State in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended. ... ... Anthem: Biladi Capital Ramallah and Gaza de facto, as the current location of government institutions. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Development aid. ... Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, who both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land...

Among the most prominent leaders of Hamas are Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, the founder of the movement who was assassinated by Israel in March of 2004, his successor Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, who was also assassinated by Israel in April of 2004, and Mahmoud al-Zahar. The political head of the movement is now Khaled Mashal, a hardliner living in exile in Syria, who survived an assassination attempt by Israeli agents in Jordan in 1997. Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (~1937 — March 22, 2004) was the leader of Hamas until he was killed by an Israeli helicopter gunship. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Mahmoud al-Zahar (Arabic: محمود الزهار) (born 1945) is a co-founder of Hamas, and a member of Hamass leadership in the Gaza Strip. ... Khaled Mashal, also known as Khaled Mashaal (Arabic: خالد مشعل) (b. ...

• For more information, see Hamas.

Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ...

Jordan

The Jordanian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood was formed in 1942, and is a strong factor in Jordanian politics. While most political parties and movements were banned for a long time in Jordan, the Brotherhood was exempted and allowed to operate by the Jordanian monarchy. The Jordanian Brotherhood has formed its own political party, the Islamic Action Front, which has the largest number of seats of any party in the Jordanian parliament.[15] Politics of Jordan takes place in a framework of a parliamentary monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Jordan is head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... The Jordanian monarchy was set up in 1921, with help from the British. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... The Islamic Action Front (Jabhat al-Amal al-Islami) is a political party in Jordan. ...

Iran

Although Iran is a predominately Shia country and the Muslim Brotherhood is Sunni in doctrine and does not have any presence there, Olga Davidson and Mohammad Mahallati claim the Brotherhood has had influence among Shia in Iran. [16] Navab Safavi, who founded Fadaian Islam, [17] (also Fedayeen of Islam, or Fadayan-e Islam), an Iranian Islamic organization active in Iran in the 1940s and 1950s, "was highly impressed by the Muslim Brotherhood." ^{[citation needed]} From 1945 to 1951 the Fadain assassinated several high level Iranian personalities and officials who they believed to be un-Islamic. They including anti-clerical writer Ahmad Kasravi, Premier Haj-Ali Razm-Ara, former Premier Abdul-Hussein Hazhir, and Education and Culture Minister Ahmad Zangeneh.^[34] Navab Safavi, leader of the group Fadaiyan-i Islam Navvab Safavi (born Mojtaba Mir-Lowhi in 1924 in Tehran - d. ...

At that time Navab Safavi was an associate and ally of Ayatollah Khomeini who went on to become a figure in the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Safavi is thought to have influenced Khomeini with the ideas of the Brotherhood^[35] Khomeini and other religious figures in Iran worked to establish Islamic unity and downplay Shia-Sunni differences. ^{[citation needed]} After Islamic Conquest  Modern SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Iran  Iraq  Tajikistan  Uzbekistan  This box:      The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Islamic Revolution,[1][2][3][4][5][6] Persian: انقلاب اسلامی, Enghelābe Eslāmi) was the revolution that transformed Iran from a monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza...

Iraq

The Iraqi Islamic Party was formed in 1960 as the Iraqi branch of the Brotherhood[18], but as government repression hardened under the Baath Party, the group was forced underground. After the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime in 2003, the Islamic Party has reemerged as one of the main advocates of the country's Sunni community. It has been sharply critical of the US-led occupation of Iraq, but participates in the political process.[19] Its leader is Tariq Al-Hashimi. Iraqi Islamic Party (Hizb al-Islami al-Airaqi), a Sunni political party in Iraq. ... Baath Party symbol Party flag The Arab Socialist Baath Party (also spelled Bath or Baath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي Ḥizb al-Ba`ṯ al-`ArabÄ« al-IÅ¡tirāki) was founded in 1947 as a radical, secular Arab nationalist political party. ... The subject of this article is the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq and Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council from 1979 until his overthrow by US forces in 2003. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory belonging to a state passes to a hostile army. ... Tariq al-Hashimi Tariq al-Hashimi is an Iraqi politician and the general secretary of the Iraqi Islamic Party. ...

Israel

The Muslim Brotherhood in Israel -the Islamic Movement- is divided between the southern and northern branches. The southern branch is represented in the Knesset, Israel's parliament while the northern radical branch boycotts Israeli elections. The modern Knesset building, Israels parliament, in Jerusalem Though similar-sounding, Beit Knesset (בית כנסת) literally means House of Assembly, and refers to a synagogue. ...

Saudi Arabia

The Muslim Brotherhood's brand of Islam and Islamic politics differs from the strict Wahhabi creed officially held by the state of Saudi Arabia. Despite this, the Brotherhood has been tolerated by the Saudi government, and maintains a presence in the country. Aside from tolerating the Brotherhood organization, and according to Washington Post report, Saudi Interior Minister Prince Nayef has denounced the Brotherhood, saying it is guilty of "betrayal of pledges and ingratitude" and is "the source of all problems in the Islamic world.^[36]" Wahhabism (Arabic: Al-Wahhābīyya الوهابية, Wahabism) is a branch of Islam practiced by those who follow the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, after whom the movement is named. ... ... Prince Nayef bin Abdul Aziz (Arabic: الأمير نايف بن عبد العزيز آل سعود) is one of the six surviving members of the Sudairi Seven, all sons of King Ibn Saud and Hussa bint Ahmad Al Sudairi, making him one of the most powerful members of the ruling family of Saudi Arabia, the House of Saud. ...

Sudan

Sudan, always close to Egyptian politics, has had a Muslim Brotherhood presence since 1949. Islamist scholar Hasan al-Turabi does not represent Muslim Brotherhood in Sudan. In 1945, a delegation from the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt visited Sudan and held various meetings inside the country advocating and explaining their ideology. Sudan has a long and deep history with the Muslim Brotherhood compared to many other countries. By April 1949, the first branch of the Sudanese Muslim Brotherhood organization emerged. However, simultaneously, many Sudanese students studying in Egypt were introduced to the ideology of the Brotherhood. The Muslim student groups also began organizing in the universities during the 1940s, and the Brotherhood’s main support base has remained to be college educated. In order to unite them, in 1954, a conference was held, attended by various representatives from different groups that appeared to have the same ideology. The conference voted to establish a Unified Sudanese Muslim Brotherhood Organization based on the teachings of Imam Hassan Al-banna. A politician named Hasan Turabi led the Muslim Brotherhood for a while in Sudan. Turabi chose to work within the Institutions of the government, which led to a prominent position of his organization in the country. The Muslim Brotherhood was renamed several times from Islamic Charter Front (ICM) to National Islamic Front (NIF). Turabi has been the prime architect of the NIF as a modern Islamist party. NIF supported women's right to vote and ran women candidates. The Muslim Brotherhood's main objective in Sudan was to Islamize the society and to institutionalize the Islamic law throughout the country where they succeeded. The Brotherhood penetrated into the ruling political organizations, the state army and security personal, the national and regional assemblies, the youth and women organizations of Sudan. They also launched their own mass organizations among the youth and women such as the shabab al-binna, and raidat al-nahda, and launched educational campaigned to Islamize the communities throughout the country. At the same time, they gain control of several newly founded, Islamic missionary and relief organizations, which led to spread their ideology. The Brotherhood members took control of the newly established Islamic Banks as directors, administrators, employees and legal advisors. Therefore the Islamic banks became the source of power for the Brotherhood The Brotherhood of Sudan gain power for the process of the Islamicization of the laws, politics, the state and society of Sudan. Dr. Hassan abd Allah al-Turabi (الدكتور حسن عبد الله الترابي in Arabic), commonly called Hassan al-Turabi (sometimes transliterated Hassan al-Tourabi) (حسن التر&#1575... The National Islamic Front is the political organization that controls Sudan. ...

Iraqi Kurdistan

There are several Islamic movements inspired by or part of the Muslim Brotherhood network in the different parts of Kurdistan. In Iraqi Kurdistan, the Kurdistan Islamic Union (KIU) holds seats in the Kurdish parliament, and is the main political force outside the dominance of the two main secularist parties, the PUK and KDP.[20] For other uses, see Kurdistan (disambiguation). ... Motto: None Anthem: Ey Reqîb (English: Hey Guardian) Capital Arbil Largest city Erbil Official languages Kurdish, Arabic, (Assyrian (Syriac)) and (Iraqi Turkmen) [1] Government Parliamentary Democracy  - President Masoud Barzani  - Prime Minister Nechervan Idris Barzani  - Deputy Prime Minister Omer Fattah Hussain Formation of Autonomous Region    - Autonomy Accord Agreement is Signed... Kurdistan Islamic Union is a party in Iraqi Kurdistan is in principle independent and is directly responsible for policy matters. ... This article concerns secularism, the exclusion of religion and supernatural beliefs. ... The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) (est 1975) (Kurdish: Yakêtî Nîştimanî Kurdistan) is a Sunni political party in Iraqi Kurdistan. ... Founded by Mustafa Barzani, the legendary Kurd who fought numerous revolts against Baghdad with success. ...

Somalia

Somalia's Muslim Brotherhood is known by the name Harakat Al-Islah or "Reform Movement". Nonetheless, the Brotherhood, as mentioned earlier, has inspired many Islamist organizations in Somalia. Muslim Brotherhood ideology reached Somalia in the 1960s, but Al-Islah movement was formed in 1978 and slowly grew in the 1980s. The organization structured itself loosely and was not openly visible on the political scene of Somali society. They chose to remain a secret movement fearing the repressive regime of Siad Barre. However, they emerged from secrecy when the regime collapsed in 1991 and started working openly thereafter. Most Somalis were surprised to see the new group they had never heard of, which was in the country since 1970s in secrecy.

The chairman of the organization is Dr. Ali Shiekh, who is also the President of Mogadishu University. During the 1990s, Al-Islah devoted much effort to humanitarian efforts and providing free basic social services. They are also known to have contributed to educating the Somali people. The leaders of Al-Islah played a key role in the educational network and establishing Mogadishu University. Through their network, they educate more than 120,000 students in the city of Mogadishu. In Somalia, they are known to be a peaceful organization that does not participate in any factional fighting and rejects the use of violence.

Today the group's membership includes urban professionals and students. According to a Crisis Group Report, Somalia’s Islamists, “Al-Islah organization is dominated by a highly educated urban elite whose professional, middle class status and extensive expatriate experiences are alien to most Somalis.” Although Al-Islah have been criticized by some hardcore Islamists who considered them to be influenced by imperialist western values, Al-Islah speaks of democratic peaceful Somalia. They promote women's rights, human rights, and other Western ideas, which they argue that these concepts originate from Islamic concepts. Al-Islah is gaining momentum in the Somali societies for their humanitarian work and moderate view of Islam.

Tunisia

Like their counterparts elsewhere in the Islamic world in general, Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood has influenced the Tunisia’s Islamist. One of the notable organization that was influenced and inspired by the Brotherhood is Al-Nahda (The Revival or Renaissance Party), which is Tunisia's major Islamist grouping. An Islamist named Rashid Ghannouchi founded the organization in 1981. While studying in Damascus and Paris, Rashid Ghannouchi embraced the ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood, which he disseminated on his return to Tunisia. Al Nahda members were allowed to stand in the 1989 election, where they captured around 14% of the votes, and were close to winning a majority in several urban areas. Others say that the real percentage attained by the Islamist candidates was 30-32%. However, the government quickly cracked down harshly, and banned the Nahda organization and imprisoned thousands of members of the organization. Their mouthpiece newspaper is Al-Fajr, and in Tunisia The Arabic language television station El Zeitouna is believed to be connected with Al Nahda movement. The Nahda usually distances itself as a branch from the Muslim Brotherhood. Renaissance Party (Hizb al-Nahda/Parti de la Renaissance) is an illegal opposition political party in Tunisia. ...

United States

The Muslim Brotherhood has been active in the US since the 1960s. Its goals have included propagating Islam and creating havens for Muslims in the US, and integrating Muslims. A main strategy has been dawah or Islamic renewal and outreach. In the 1960s, groups such as U.S. military personnel, prison inmates and African -Americans were specifically targeted for dawah. Muslim activists involved with the Muslim Brotherhood have started organizations in the US including the Muslim Students Association in 1963,^[37] North American Islamic Trust in 1971, the Islamic Society of North America in 1981, the American Muslim Council in 1990, and the Muslim American Society in 1992, and the International Institute of Islamic Thought in the 1980s.^[38] It has been suggested that Dai be merged into this article or section. ... The Muslim Student Association (MSA) is a group dedicated, by its own description, to Islamic societies on college campuses in Canada and the United States for the good of muslim students. ... The North American Islamic Trust (NAIT) is a nonprofit organization based in Indiana seeking to own and promote waqf (Islamic endowment) of Muslims in North America. ... The Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), based in Plainfield, Indiana, USA, is an umbrella group that describes itself as the largest Muslim organization in North America. ... The American Muslim Council is a Muslim organization aimed at empowerment of American Muslims. ... The Muslim American Society (MAS) is a nonprofit organization. ... The International Institute of Islamic Thought is a private, non-profit organization that describes itself as an institution concerned with issues of Islamic thought. ...

Libya

On March 2, 2006, the Libyan government released 132 Muslim Brotherhood political prisoners. Libya was one of the first countries to be penetrated by the Brotherhood. The history of the Muslim Brotherhood in Libya goes back in the late 1940s when the Egyptian members were being prosecuted, and then the former Idris I of Libya gave them a refuge in Libya. King Idriss allowed the Brotherhood the freedom to spread their ideology. In 1955, the University of Libya was established in Benghazi, near the Egyptian border. Noting that numerous Egyptians were teachers, and many of them became lecturers at the University, which positioned the Brotherhood members to promote their ideology in Libya. The Muslim Brotherhood was able to influence a large number of Libyan students during this period. Dr. Ezzudine Ibrahim was five of the most influential founders of the KKK in Libya. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Brotherhood was a religious and intellectual tendency in Libya and had many followers amongst the intellectuals and students in the university campuses, and by the mid 1970s it developed a structured Brotherhood organization. The Brotherhood in Libya limited itself to peaceful social, political, economic, and cultural activities. Soon after coming to power, Qadhafi regarded the Brotherhood a potential source of opposition. He arrested many Egyptian Brothers and expelled them back to Egypt. In 1973, the security services arrested and tortured members of the Libyan Brotherhood. However, they agreed to dissolve the Muslim Brotherhood organization. They entered into a new phase, the secrecy phase. The brotherhood became a secret group until the end of 1970s. The secrecy phase helped the Brotherhood to become more popular. The Brotherhood operated secretly in groups of interlinked cells, which was spread in the country. At the beginning of 1980s, the Brotherhood renamed itself the “Libyan Islamic Group” (Al-Jama’a al-Islamiya al-Libyia) and tried to re-introduce themselves into the Libyan society. The core of their thinking and activities were the same meaning that their aim was to substitute the existing regime for Sharia law through peaceful means. The group became more influential when a number of Libyan students studying abroad in the UK and the US came back to Libya with the same ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood, and thus, embarked on spreading it. The Brotherhood members carried out as usual as the Brotherhood in elsewhere, the charitable and welfare wing. It attracted many members of the middle classes, mainly the academics, students, engineers and commerce people. Today the Muslim Brotherhood has continued to gather momentum and remains the largest and most influential Libyan opposition group; nonetheless, they maintained a low profile in the country. Idris I (Arabic: إدريس الأول) (March 12, 1890 - May 25, 1983) was the first King of Libya, reigning from 1951 to 1969. ...

Maldives

Adhalath Party (Justice Party (Maldives))is the offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood in Maldives. The head of the party is Dr. Abdul Majeed Abdul Bari. Their ideology is based on the books of the Muslim Brotherhood. In the Party there can be found followers of Tablighi Jam'aat (such as their preacher Idrees), the Jahmiyyah (those who deny that Allah has any Attributes), the Shi'ah, the Mu'tazilah (a philosophical school of thought that also denies Allah's Attributes), the Khawarij (those who expel people from the fold of Islam due to their sins), modernists, and many others. ^{[citation needed]} The Justice Party (Dhivehi: އަދާލަތު ޕާޓީ, tranliteration in English: Adhaalath Party ) is an opposition political party in the Maldives. ...

Footnotes

FRONTLINE is a public affairs television program of varying length produced at WGBH in Boston, Massachusetts, and distributed through the Public Broadcasting Service network in the United States. ...

References

• Baer, Robert. "See No Evil" Peguin Press, 2001.
• Cohen, A. "Political Parties in the West Bank under the Jordanian Regime, 1949-1967" Cornell University Press 1982.
• Dreyfuss, Robert. "Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam" Owl Books 2006.
• Grundmann, Johannes: Islamische Internationalisten - Strukturen und Aktivitäten der Muslimbruderschaft und der Islamischen Weltliga. Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2005, ISBN 3-89500-447-2 (Review by I. Küpeli)
• Küntzel, Matthias. "Djihad und Judenhaß" Ça-Ira-Verlag, Freiburg, 2002.
• Vidino,Lorenzo. "The Muslim Brotherhood's Conquest of Europe".

Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2005.

• "Egypt arrests 7 in Muslim Brotherhood clampdown",

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070124/wl_nm/egypt_brotherhood_arrests_dc

• Nick cohen:The Foreign Office ought to be serving Britain, not radical Islam July 9, 2006; The Observer - London

See also

• The Project

Islamist is sometimes also used for a scholar who studies Islam and Muslim societies. ... Islamic fundamentalism is a term used to describe religious ideologies seen as advocating literalistic interpretations of the texts of Islam and of Sharia law. ... Pan-Islam is a religious movement calling for the Muslims of the world to unite. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wahhabism (sometimes spelled Wahabbism or Wahabism) is a movement of Islam named after Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703–1792). ... This article is on an Islamic movement. ... The Deobandi (Urdu: دیو بندی devbandÄ«) is an Islamic revivalist movement which started in South Asia and has more recently spread to other countries, such as Afghanistan, South Africa and the United Kingdom. ... Qutbism (also Kotebism, Qutbiyya, or Qutbiyyah) is the radical strain of Islamic ideology and activism, based on the thought and writings of Sayyid Qutb, a celebrated Islamist and former leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood who was executed in 1966. ... Al-Qaedaism (or Al-Qaedism) refers to the set of religious and political doctrines, and of terrorist objectives and methods, inspired by Al-Quaeda. ... Talibanization is a neologism coined after the rise of the Afghani Taliban describing the process by which a strict and repressive Islamist regime comes to power within which Islamist terrorism and religious persecution of non-Muslims is tolerated or encouraged, in reference to how the Taliban took control of Afghanistan... Jamaat-e-Islami (Arabic: جماعتِ اسلامی, Islamic Assembly Jamaat, JI) is an Islamic political movement founded in Lahore by Syed Abul Ala Maududi on 26 August 1941. ... Hizb ut-Tahrir (Arabic: حزب التحرير; English: Party of Liberation) is an international non-sectarian Sunni pan-Islamist political party whose goal is to unite all Muslim countries in a unitary Islamic state or caliphate, headed by an elected caliph,[2] which will establish the laws of the Islamic Shariah and... Al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (Arabic: ألجماعه الاسلاميه ) (Arabic for the Islamic Group; also transliterated Gamaat Islamiya, Jamaat al Islamiya, al-Jamāah al-Islāmiyah etc. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ... The National Islamic Front is the political organization that controls Sudan. ... For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ... The Islamic Salvation Front (Arabic: الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ, al-Jabhah al-Islāmiyah lil-Inqādh) (French: Front Islamique du Salut) is an outlawed Islamist political party in Algeria. ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization. ... The Taliban (Pashto: , stupid or seekers of ignorance) are a fundamentalist Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by American aerial bombardment and Northern Alliance ground forces. ... The Abu Sayyaf Group (Arabic: جماعة أبو سياف; ; ASG), also known as al-Harakat al-Islamiyya is one of several militant Islamist separatist groups based in and around the southern islands of the Philippines, in Bangsamoro (Jolo, Basilan, and Mindanao) where for almost 30 years various groups have been engaged in an insurgency... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... The Armed Islamic Group (GIA, from French Groupe Islamique Armé; Arabic al-Jamaah al-Islamiyah al-Musallaha) is a militant Islamist group with the declared aim of overthrowing the Algerian government and replacing it with an Islamic state. ... Motto: none Anthem: none Capital formerly Mogadishu and Kismayu Largest city n/a Official languages Somali and Arabic Government Sharia Krytocracy  - Executive Chairman Sharif Sheikh Ahmed  - Shura Chairman Hassan Dahir Aweys Civil War Faction Has not declared autonomy or independence   - Established June 6th 2006 in Mogadishu  Area  - Total not finalized... Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) is a takfeeri militant group which is playing an active role in the Iraqi insurgency. ... Members parade in Sadr City The Mahdi Army, also known as the Mahdi Militia, Mehdi Army or Jaish al Mahdi (Arabic جيش المهدي) , is a militia force created by the Iraqi Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr in June of 2003. ... Fatah al-Islam, (Arabic: فتح الإسلام, English: Conquest of Islam) is a Sunni Arab Islamist group that first formed in November 2006. ... Taqi al-Din Ahmad Ibn Taymiyyah (Arabic: )(January 22, 1263 - 1328), was a Sunni Islamic scholar born in Harran, located in what is now Turkey, close to the Syrian border. ... Jamāl al-DÄ«n al-AfghānÄ«, also known as Sayyid JamāluddÄ«n AsadābādÄ« and Sayyid Muhammad Ibn Safdar al-Husayn (1838[1]-1897), was one of the founders of Islamic modernism,[2] and a political activist and Islamic nationalist in Afghanistan, Iran (then Persia), Egypt... It has been suggested that Introduction of Islam (book) be merged into this article or section. ... Hassan al Banna (October 14, 1906 - February 12, 1949) was an Egyptian Islamist best known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood or Ikhwan ul Muslimeen. ... Sayyid Qutb Sayyid Qutb (IPA pronunciation: ) (Arabic: ‎; 9 October 1906[1] – 29 August 1966) was an Egyptian intellectual author, and Islamist associated with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. ... Omar Abdel-Rahman Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman (Arabic: عمر عبد الرحمن) (born May 3, 1938) is a blind Egyptian Muslim cleric who is currently serving a life sentence at the Federal Administrative Maximum Penitentiary hospital in Florence, Colorado, United States. ... Ayatollah Khomeini founded the first modern Islamic republic Ayatollah Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini (آیت‌الله روح‌الله خمینی in Persian) (May 17, 1900 – June 3, 1989) was an Iranian Shia cleric and the political... Abdullah Yusuf Azzam (1941–1989) (Arabic عبدالله عزام) also known as Shaikh Azzam was a central figure in the global development of the militant Islamist movement. ... Group photo of Ayman Al Zawahiri, Usama Bin Laden & Abu Hafs Prosecution Trial Exhibit from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui Sheikh Dr. Ayman Muhammad Rabaie al-Zawahiri (Arabic: ‎) (born June 19, 1951) is a prominent member of the al-Qaeda group, a physician, author, poet, and formerly the head of... This article or section seems to contain too many quotations for an encyclopedia entry. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... Dr. Hassan Abd Allah al-Turabi (الدكتور حسن عبد الله الترابي in Arabic), commonly called Hassan al-Turabi (sometimes transliterated Hassan al-Tourabi) (حسن الترابي), is a religiopolitical leader in Sudan, who may have been instrumental in institutionalizing Islamic Sharia law in the northern part of the country. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Islamofascism is a controversial neologism suggesting an association of the ideological or operational characteristics of certain modern Islamist movements with European fascist movements of the early 20th century, neofascist movements, or totalitarianism. ... Flag, featuring the Shahada, used by Muslims Army during early Islam Jihad (Arabic: IPA: ) as an Islamic term, is sometimes referred to as the sixth pillar of Islam, although it occupies no official status as such in Sunni Islam. ... Sharia (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic law. ... A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Jahiliyyah is an Islamic concept referring to the spiritual condition of pre-Islamic Arabian society. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Mujahideen (مجاهدين; also transliterated as mujāhidīn, mujahedeen, mujahedin, mujahidin, mujaheddin, etc. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about an Islamic term. ... The takfiri organization Jamaat al-Tawhid wal Jihad members with Jack Hensley and with the banner in the background. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... For other uses, see Vilayat-e Faqih. ... - - - Islam as a political movement has a diverse character that has at different times incorporated elements of many other political movements, while simultaneously adapting the religious views of Islamic fundamentalism, particularly the view of Islam as a political religion. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... Maalim fi al-Tariq (Arabic: معالم في الطريق) or Milestones, first published in 1964, is a book by Egyptian Islamist author Sayyid Qutb in which he lays out a plan and makes a call to action to re-create the Muslim world on strictly Quranic grounds, casting off what Qutb calls... The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam is a book by Islamic scholar Yusuf al-Qaradawi [1]. Publishers forword: List of Sunni books Prose contains specific citations in source text which may be viewed in edit mode. ... The Project is a type of drinking game (really more of a drinking challenge) that involves adding each new drink to a pint glass containing a half-pint mixture of all the previous drinks that have been (half) consumed. ...

External links

• The Egyptian Brotherhood's official page. In English.
• The Egyptian Brotherhood's official page. In Arabic.
• Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. In Arabic.
• The Syrian Brotherhood's page. In Arabic.
• The Jordanian Brotherhood's official page. In Arabic.
• The Islamic Action Front. In Arabic.
• The Iraqi Islamic Party. In Arabic.
• Palestine Info. Unofficial Hamas page. In English.
• Hasan al-Turabi homepage. In English and Arabic.
• Kurdish Islamic Union. In Kurdish, English and Arabic.
• Muslim American Society