A series of articles on

Jesus Christ and Christianity Christology Chronology Ministry Miracles Parables Names and titles Relics Image File history File links JesusYeshua. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Christology is a field of study within Christian theology which is concerned with the nature of Jesus the Christ. ... The chronology of Jesus depicts the traditional chronology established for the events of the life of Jesus by the four canonical gospels (which allude to various dates for several events). ... According to the Canonical Gospels, the Ministry of Jesus began when Jesus was around 30 years old, and lasted a period of 1-3 years, with the Synoptic Gospels generally being considered to argue for it having been a period of 1 year, and the Gospel of John arguing for... According to the canonical Gospels, Jesus worked many miracles in the course of his ministry. ... The parables of Jesus, found in the synoptic gospels, embody much of Jesus teaching. ... There are many relics attributed to Jesus that people believe or believed to be authentic relics of the Gospel accounts. ...

Non-religious aspects Background Historicity Greek • Aramaic Race This article — a part of the Jesus and history series of articles — discusses the cultural and historical background of Jesus, the central figure of Christianity, without regard to his divinity, or to his existence as an actual historical figure. ... The historicity of Jesus concerns the historical authenticity of Jesus of Nazareth. ... Most scholars believe that Jesus spoke both Hebrew and Aramaic, and possibly Greek. ... Black Jesus redirects here. ...

Perspectives on Jesus New Testament view Christian views Religious perspectives Jewish view Islamic view Historical Jesus Jesus Seminar Jesus as myth This article presents a description of Jesus life, as based on the four gospels. ... Christian views of Jesus consist of the teachings and beliefs held by Christian groups about Jesus, including his divinity, humanity, and earthly life. ... Religious perspectives on Jesus is the specific significance some religions place on Jesus. ... Judaism has no special or particular view of Jesus, and very few texts in Judaism directly refer to or take note of Jesus. ... Islam holds Jesus (Arabic: `Īsā) to have been a messenger and a prophet of God. ... This article is about Jesus the person, using historical methods to reconstruct a biography of his life and times. ... The Jesus Seminar is a research team of about two hundred New Testament scholars founded in 1985 by the late Robert Funk under the auspices of the Westar Institute. ... Jesus as myth refers to the idea that the narrative of Jesus in the gospels is not about a real person, but a construct of Christian mythology, which parallels mystery religions of the Roman Empire such as Mithraism and the myths of rebirth deities. ...

Jesus in culture Cultural depictions of Jesus Images Jesus has inspired artistic and cultural works for nearly two millenniums. ... There are no undisputed historical images of Jesus; he sat for no portraits which are preserved and of unquestioned authenticity and undoubted provenance. ... This box: view • talk • edit

A large variety of names and titles are used in the New Testament to describe Jesus. John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...

Personal name

Authors have put forward numerous explanations to explain the origin of the name 'Jesus', and have offered a still larger number of explanations for the meaning of the name. The name is related to the Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua, which is a theophoric name first mentioned within the Biblical tradition in Exodus 17:9 as one of Moses' companions (and, according to tradition, later successor). Breaking the name down, we see that there are two parts: יהו Yeho, a theophoric reference to YHWH, the distinctive personal name of the God of Israel, plus the three letter root שוע, relating to the noun shua. Due to disputes over how to render שוע lexically,^{[1][2][3][4][5]} there are a number of generally accepted phrases this combination can translate to: “Hebrew” redirects here. ... Joshua praying God to stop the Sun by Gustave Doré In Jewish mythology, Joshua or Yehoshua (Hebrew: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, Tiberian: , Israeli: YÉ™hoshúa) was an Israelite leader who succeeded Moses. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Theophory in the Bible. ... The Bible is the collection of sacred writings or books of Judaism and Christianity. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... The Tetragrammaton in Phoenician (1100 BC to 300 CE), Aramaic (10th Century BC to 0) and modern Hebrew scripts. ...

Yeho-shua

• Yhwh saves
• Yhwh (is) salvation
• "Yhwh" (is) a saving-cry
• "Yhwh" (is) a cry-for-saving
• "Yhwh" (is) a cry-for-help
• Yhwh (is) my help

Like many Hebrew names, the meaning of the name Yehoshua derives from the great desire of a parent (usually a mother) to have a child. Stories abound in the Hebrew Bible about ancient women who go to extraordinary lengths to conceive a child. The parent who has difficulty conceiving a child, shouts to God for help. The newborn child, then, is literally the answer to the parent's prayer. In honor of God's help, the parent names the child thus.^{[citation needed]}

Biblical Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ [Yehoshua`] underwent an orthographical change into the Aramaic (some say late Biblical Hebrew) form יֵשׁוּעַ [Yeshua`] (for example, Ezra 2:2^[6]) because of a phonological shift where guttural phonemes weakened, including [h].^[7] Late Biblical Hebrew usually shortened the traditional theophoric element [Yahu] יהו at the beginning of a name to יו [Yo-], and at the end to יה [-yah]. In [Yoshua`], it palatized to [Yeshua`]. This shortened Hebrew name was common - the Hebrew Bible mentions ten individuals called it - and was also adopted by Aramaic- and Greek-speaking Jews. Aramaic is a Semitic language with a four-thousand year history. ...

By the time the New Testament was written, the Septuagint had already transliterated ישוע [Yeshua`] into Koine Greek as closely as possible in the 3rd-century BCE, the result being Ἰησοῦς [Iēsous]. Where Greek has no equivalent of the semitic letter ש shin [sh], it was replaced with a σ sigma [s], and a masculine singular ending [-s] was added. Many scholars believe some dialects dropped the final letter ע `ayin [`]. The Greek writings of Philo of Alexandria^[8] and Josephus frequently mention this name. John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... The Septuagint: A page from Codex vaticanus, the basis of Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brentons English translation. ... Koine redirects here. ... BCE is a TLA that may stand for: Before the Common Era, date notation equivalent to BC (e. ... Philo (20 BCE - 40 CE) was an Alexandrian Jewish philosopher born in Alexandria, Egypt. ... A fanciful representation of Flavius Josephus, in an engraving in William Whistons translation of his works Josephus (years 37 – shortly after 100 AD)[1], who became known, in his capacity as a Roman citizen, as Flavius Josephus[2], was a 1st-century Jewish historian and apologist of priestly and...

From Greek, Ἰησοῦς [Iēsous] moved into Latin at least by the time of the Vetus Latina. The morphological jump this time was not as large as previous changes between language families. Ἰησοῦς [Iēsous] was transliterated to Latin IESVS, where it stood for many centuries. The Latin name has an irregular declension, with a genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative of Jesu, accusative of Jesum, and nominative of Jesus. Minuscule (lower case) letters were developed around 800 and some time later the U was invented to distinquish the vowel sound from the consonantal sound and the J to distinguish the consonant from I. Similarly, Greek minuscules were invented about the same time, prior to that the name was written in Capital letters: ΙΗCΟΥC or abbreviated as: ΙΗC with a line over the top, see also Christogram. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Vetus Latina is a collective name given to the Biblical texts in Latin that were translated before St Jeromes Vulgate bible became the standard Bible for Latin-speaking Western Christians. ... Transliteration in a narrow sense is a mapping from one script into another script. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Letter case. ... U is the twenty-first letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ... J# redirects here for technical reasons; see J Sharp. ... Look up I, i in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Capital letters or majuscules (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. ... A Christogram is a monogram or combination of letters which forms an abbreviation for the name of Jesus Christ, and is traditionally used as a Christian symbol. ...

Near the end of Middle English, the vowels changed during the Great Vowel Shift in the 15th century, and the letter J was first distinguished from 'I' by the Frenchman Pierre Ramus in the 16th, but did not become common in Modern English until the 17th century. As such we can see that such works as the first edition of the King James Version of the Bible in 1611 continued to print the name with an I. ^[9] Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the... The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in the pronunciation of the English language, generally accomplished in the fifteenth century, although evidence suggests it began as early as the fourteenth century. ... J# redirects here for technical reasons; see J Sharp. ... Petrus Ramus. ... The King James or Authorized Version of the Bible is an English translation of the Christian Bible first published in 1611. ...

Muslims believe that Jesus had one name only "ESA" (or Isa (name), or Issa) which means in Arameic Hebrew and Arabic "The one of the Herd" or "The Shepard". Isa was also a very prominant used name during before and after the time of Jesus among jews, For example the Prophet "Jesus ben Sirach" the writer of Ecclestasias is also written as "Esa ben Zaria" in many christian cannonical bible versions of different languages of our times (Frensh Greek etc.)^[10] The word-name Jesus comes from adding J to the beginning of the name Esa and S to the end of the name as was the proper literary usage in Greek and Latin languages of the time (an example would be Julius Caesar, where Julius is read and pronouinced as Yolio) . Also, Millions upon millions of Present day living Arab (and Non Arabs) christians and Muslims ( and throughout History have the name of Jesus in their First or Last name as "Esa" , for example (California Congressman Darrell Issa (R-CA) of Christian Lebanese descent who helped Arnold Schwarzenegger become Governer of California in recent times). An artifact discovered in Turkey in early twentieth century and was carbon-dated to 70 AD shows a picture of infant Jesus in his mother lab and inscribed in Greek underneath it: "Esa our Lord" is also an archaeological evidence beyound doubt (National Geographic). However if the name Yashua (Yasua) was converted to Greek or Latin using the same method used on Julius name, the name will become Jasuas or Jasus not Jesus! Muslim acknowledge that Esa name is the reverse letters of Jushua name ( Joshua ben Nun) which was a methodology used by the jews, and also used in other Semitic languages. So Esa is derived from Joshua but is not the same name. An example of using Isa (Esa) instead of Joshua is Paul refering to Joshua as "Esa" which confused translators as "Jesus". Isa is the Arabic equivalent of Yeshua, and of the English male names Joshua and Jesus, all three coming form the same name originally. ... Look up isa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Wisdom of Ben Sirach, (or The Wisdom of Joshua Ben Sirach or merely Sirach), called Ecclesiasticus by Christians, is a book written circa 180 BCE in Hebrew. ... Gaius Julius Caesar [1] (Latin pronunciation ; English pronunciation ; July 12 or July 13, 100 BC or 102 BC – March 15, 44 BC), was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in classical antiquity. ... Darrell E. Issa (pronounced Eye-suh) (born November 1, 1953) is an American politician and former CEO of a consumer electronics company. ... Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (German pronunciation (IPA): ) (born on July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American bodybuilder, actor and an American politician, currently serving as the 38th Governor of California. ... An artifact (also artefact) refers to any object or process resulting from human activity which represents things from the past. ... Joshua praying God to stop the Sun by Gustave Doré In Jewish mythology, Joshua or Yehoshua (Hebrew: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, Tiberian: , Israeli: Yəhoshúa) was an Israelite leader who succeeded Moses. ... Look up Paul in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Finally, after thousands of years and several languages later, the name finally came to rest as the Modern English "Jesus" in European Languages speaking people[ˈdʒi.zəs]. Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

Christ

Main articles: Christ and Anointing of Jesus

Though sometimes treated as if it was Jesus' surname, Christ is not a name but a title, and comes into English from the Greek Χριστός (Khristos), via the Latin Christus. It means "anointed one".^[11] The Greek is a loan translation of the Hebrew mashiakh (מָשִׁיחַ) or Aramaic mshikha (מְשִׁיחָא), from which we derive the English word Messiah. Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ... Mary Magdalene is traditionally depicted with a vessel of ointment, in reference to the Anointing of Jesus, in reality the jar is more likely to have been an Amphora, a much larger object. ... A family name, or surname, is that part of a persons name that indicates to what family he or she belongs. ... Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... To anoint is to apply perfumed oil. ... In Judaism, the Messiah (מָשִׁיחַ Standard Hebrew Arabic: , المسيح), Tiberian Hebrew , Aramaic ) initially meant any person who was anointed to a certain position among the ancient Israelites, at first that of High priest, later that of King and also that of a prophet. ...

The title occurs in the Hebrew Bible, where it signifies the installation of a "king", "prophet", or "high priest": a person, chosen by God or descended from a person chosen by God, to serve as a civil, advisory, religious, and/or military authority. 11th century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum This article is about the term Hebrew Bible. For the Hebrew Bible itself, see Tanakh (Jewish term) or Old Testament (Christian term). ... A monarch (see sovereignty) is a type of ruler or head of state. ...

In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus's genealogy (Matthew 1:2–16) uses the title "Anointed One" ("Christ") for Jesus, in the sense of an anointed king. It lists the succession of the anointed kings of Judah, starting with David through Solomon until Jeconiah. All of them belong to the Davidic Dynasty, which terminated when Babylon conquered Judah. Then the successors listed after Jeconiah are heirs for when a Neo-Davidic Dynasty is finally restored to Judah. At the conclusion of the list, Jesus is then identified as a new king and thus called the "Anointed One". Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YÉ™hûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after Judah... David and Goliath by Caravaggio, c. ... King Solomon Latin name (Hebrew: שְׁלֹמֹה, (Shelomo) (Shlomo pronounced with Yiddish accent)Standard Tiberian ; Arabic: سليمان, Sulayman; all essentially meaning peace) is a figure described in Middle Eastern scriptures as a wise ruler of an empire centred on the united Kingdom of Israel. ... Jeconiah (also known as Jehoiachin, Joachin, and Coniah) was king of Judah. ...

Early alternate spellings also exist: Chrestos or Chrestus ^[12].

Other titles in the New Testament

The New Testament uses many titles to refer to Jesus, including: God, Prophet, Lord, Son of man, Son of God, Lamb of God, King of the Jews, Rabbi and Emmanuel. Many Christians understand these titles as attesting to Jesus' divinity. Some historians have argued that when used in other texts of the time, these titles had other meanings, and therefore may have had other meanings when used in the Gospels as well.^{[citation needed]} John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... In religion, a prophet (or prophetess) is a person who has directly encountered the divine and serves as an intermediary with humanity. ... A Lord (Laird in some Scottish contexts) is a male who has power and authority. ... The phrase son of man is a primarily Semitic idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self. ... Son of God is a biblical phrase from the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), and the New Testament. ... Brass Agnus Dei from altar-front in the Cathedral of the Assumption, Louisville, Kentucky Lamb of God (Latin: Agnus Dei) is one of the titles given to Jesus in the New Testament and consequently in the Christian tradition. ... A Crucifix with the INRI plaque attached, the Holy Spirit Church in KoÅ¡ice, Slovakia A Crucifix with the stylized INRI plaque attached, the cornfields near Mureck in rural Styria, Austria INRI is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase IESVS NAZARENVS REX IVDAEORVM, which translates to English as: Jesus the... Rabbi, in Judaism, means ‘teacher’, or more literally ‘great one’. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root word , rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ‘great’ or ‘distinguished (in knowledge)’. Sephardic and Yemenite Jews pronounce this word ribbÄ«; the modern Israeli pronunciation rabbÄ« is derived from a recent (18th... Immanuel or Emmanuel or Imanuel (עִמָּנוּאֵל God with us, Standard Hebrew ʿImmanuʾel, Tiberian Hebrew ʿImmānûʾēl) is a title used in the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible. ...

God

Main article: Trinitarianism

The prominent Catholic theologian Raymond E. Brown stated that in: Trinitarianism is the Christian doctrine that God, although one being, exists in three distinct persons (hypostases) known collectively as the Holy Trinity. ... Father Raymond Edward Brown, S.S., (born May 22, 1928, died of aids August 8, 1998), was an American Roman Catholic priest appointed in 1972 and in 1996 to the Pontifical Biblical Commission, which advises the pontiff on scriptural matters, and professor emeritus at the Protestant Union Theological Seminary in...

"three reasonably clear instances in the NT ^[13] and in five instances that have probability, Jesus is called God. The use of God for Jesus that is attested in the early 2nd-century was a continuation of a usage that had begun in NT times. There is no reason to be surprised at this. Jesus is Lord was evidently a popular confessional formula in NT times, and in this formula Christians gave Jesus the title kyrios which was the Septuagint translation for YHWH." ^[14]

In Theological Studies #26 (1965) p. 545-73, "Does the New Testament call Jesus God?", he gave a more technical answer to this question. The Septuagint: A page from Codex vaticanus, the basis of Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brentons English translation. ... The Tetragrammaton in Phoenician (1100 BC to 300 CE), Aramaic (10th Century BC to 0) and modern Hebrew scripts. ...

Prophet

Main article: Prophet

Filipe 5ºe According to the New Testament, many Jews of the time thought of Jesus as a prophet.^[15] The New Testament also indicates that Jesus considered himself to be a prophet.^[16] Isa in Islam is one of God's most beloved prophets, but without connotations of divinity. In the Hebrew Bible, prophets were generally men who spoke for God, proclaiming God's words to the people, and often predicting future events. In religion, a prophet (or prophetess) is a person who has directly encountered the divine and serves as an intermediary with humanity. ... Look up isa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ...

Lord

Main article: Lord

The Gospels and Acts frequently use "Lord" as a title for Jesus. According to the Gospel of John, Jesus accepted this title as his own.^[17] However, some scholars believe Jesus did not claim this title himself. They argue others ascribed it to him.^{[citation needed]} A Lord (Laird in some Scottish contexts) is a male who has power and authority. ...

Many Christians interpret the term as a reference to divinity. In one passage Jesus is addressed as "My Lord and my God".^[18] Scholars explain the use of this title in various ways: some believe that Jesus' disciples called him "Lord", but not because he was divine. According to Geza Vermes, a close reading of the Gospels suggests that most people addressed Jesus as lord as a sign of respect for a miracle-worker (especially in Mark and Matthew) or as a teacher (especially in Luke). In many cases one can substitute the words "sir" or "teacher" for "lord", and the meaning of the passage in question will not change, though in some instances the substitution would make little sense.^[19] Others believe that the New Testament uses the term lord to mean divine, but that it was only after Jesus' death and resurrection that his followers ascribed to him divinity.^[20] Still others argue that neither Jesus nor his disciples used the Aramaic term for lord, mara, and that the Greek term κύριος (kurios) was borrowed from pagan Hellenic usage.^[21] However, kurios had long been used by the Septuagint to translate אדני (adon).^[22] Geza Vermes (born 22 June 1924) is a Jewish scholar and writer on religious history, particularly Jewish and Christian. ... Look up sir in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Divinity has a number of related uses in the field of religious belief and study. ... Look up Resurrection in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The Hebrew Bible distinguishes between "lord" (adon) and "God"; the word "lord" does not necessarily imply divinity, although God is often described as "the Lord". Surviving inter-testamental Aramaic texts frequently use the Aramaic mara to mean "the Lord", that is, God; but they also provide evidence of people using mara and kurios as personal titles (for example, used to address a husband, father, or king). There is little evidence that term was used specifically to mean "teacher", but there is much evidence of students using the term mar to refer to their teachers respectfully, or to refer to an especially respected and authoritative teacher. In one passage in the New Testament "lord" and "teacher" are distinguished by two different Greek words.^[23]

Son of Man

Main article: Son of man

Jesus is rarely described as Son of man (בר נשא bar nasha, in Aramaic) outside of the Gospels, but in the Synoptic Gospels this title is used in several speeches attributed to Jesus, in a way that is near universally considered to have been intended as a self-reference. Historically, the title is a Semitic idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self in a humble manner. As a result, it was commonly used in prayer or in poetry. (see Son of Man) The phrase son of man is a primarily Semitic idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self. ... The phrase son of man is a primarily Semitic idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self. ... The Synoptic Gospels is a term used by modern New Testament scholars for the Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, and Luke of the New Testament in the Bible. ... In linguistics and ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical Shem, Hebrew: שם, translated as name, Arabic: سام) was first used to refer to a language family of largely Middle Eastern origin, now called the Semitic languages. ... An Idiom is an expression (i. ... This is an article about the ancient middle eastern region. ... The phrase son of man is a primarily Semitic idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self. ...

Some argue that the phrase alludes to Daniel 7:13, which associates "one like a son of man" with a messianic vision, and six Gospel uses of the title directly refer to, and many others allude to, Daniel. Since Daniel is an apocalyptic work, some scholars link Jesus' use of the term "son of man" with the short apocalypse of chapter 13 of the Gospel of Mark (see Olivet discourse); such a view paints Jesus as preacher of apocalyptic Judaism. When the authors of the Gospels used the title "the Son of Man", the idea of Daniel's "Son of Man" was probably a factor in their use. Bruce Chilton puts it this way "the concept of the son of man as used in Daniel was certainly in the air when Jesus used the term and a fortiori when the New Testament was composed."^[24] Daniel (Hebrew: דָּנִיֵּאל; transliterated as Daniyyel in Standard Hebrew and Dāniyyêl in Tiberian Hebrew, Arabic: Danyal, دانيال) is the name of at least three people from the Hebrew Bible: A Jewish exile in Babylon, the subject of the Book of Daniel and the most well-known of the three Daniels. ... For other uses, see Apocalypse (disambiguation). ... Look up Apocalypse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Gospel of Mark (anonymous[1] but ascribed to Mark the Evangelist) is a Gospel of the New Testament. ... The Olivet discourse or Little Apocalypse is a passage found in the Synoptic Gospels of Matthew (24), Mark (13) and Luke (21), occurring just before the narrative of Jesuss passion beginning with the Anointing of Jesus. ...

Geza Vermes, observing that other Aramaic texts reveal that the phrase was used frequently to mean simply "man", or as a way by which a speaker may refer to himself, concluded that it is possible that this phrase was actually not a title. Whatever the meaning of the expression, when transcribed into Greek it is almost always used with the direct article ὁ (ho), translated "the", when it refers to Jesus.

In addition, Jesus never referred to himself as "Lord" or "God." In the Gospels, when Jesus spoke in the third person, he only referred to himself as the "Son of Man."

Son of God

Main article: Son of God

The New Testament frequently refers to Jesus as the son of God; Jesus seldom does, but often refers to God as his father. Christians understand this to mean that Jesus was literally God's son — according to the Nicene Creed, God's only-begotten (or unique) son, one with the Father (cf. John 3:16). The phrase itself is thus taken by many to be synonymous with divinity. Some see a parallel in Hebrews 2:8, where "the Son" appears to be used synonymously with "God". As with "Son of Man", "Son of God" is usually used with the direct article when referring to Jesus. Son of God is a biblical phrase from the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), and the New Testament. ... Icon depicting the Holy Fathers of the First Council of Nicaea holding the Nicene Creed. ...

Geza Vermes has argued that Jesus and his followers may have understood this title differently. He observes that the Hebrew Bible uses the phrase "son of God" in other senses: to refer to heavenly or angelic beings; to refer to the Children of Israel, and to refer to kings. There is no New Testament evidence to suggest that early Christians thought of Jesus as an angel, so the first two usages seem not to apply.^{[citation needed]} Geza Vermes (born 22 June 1924) is a Jewish scholar and writer on religious history, particularly Jewish and Christian. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A Gothic angel in ivory, c1250, Louvre An angel is a supernatural being found in many religions. ... The Children of Israel, or Bnei Yisrael (בני ישראל) in Hebrew (also Bnai Yisrael, Bnei Yisroel or Bene Israel) is a Biblical term for the Israelites. ...

However, Mark identifies Jesus as the son of King David, and Matthew and Luke provide lineages linking Jesus to King David. II Samuel 7:14, Psalm 89:26-27 and possibly 2:7, refer to David as a "son" of God, although historians find no evidence that the authors of the Bible believed David to be divine or literally God's son. (Some Christians, namely those believing in Bible prophecy, interpret these and other Psalms as referring prophetically to Jesus, the "seed" referred to in Psalm 89. See Christ in the Psalms by Father Patrick Reardon). This page is about the Biblical king David. ... Bible prophecy is the concept held by various people that many Bible verses contain prophecies. ...

In post-Biblical Judaism, the title was often applied to righteous men: Sirach 4:10 and Wisdom of Solomon 2:17-18 use the term to refer to just men, and Book of Jubilees 1:24-25 has God declaring all righteous men to be his sons. Philo too wrote that good people are sons of God, and various rabbis in the Talmud declare that when Israelites are good, they are sons of God. The Talmud provides one example that parallels that of Jesus: Rabbi Hanina, whom God referred to as "my son", was also a miracle worker, and was able to resist Agrat, queen of the demons. Vermes suggests that "son of God" was a title used in the vicinity of Galilee by miracle-workers. The Wisdom of Ben Sirach, (or The Wisdom of Joshua Ben Sirach or merely Sirach), called Ecclesiasticus by Christians, is a book written circa 180 BCE in Hebrew. ... Wisdom, also known as the Wisdom of Solomon, is one of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible that are not translations of Hebrew originals. ... The Book of Jubilees expands and reworks material found in Genesis to Exodus 15. ... Philo (20 BCE - 40 CE), known also as Philo of Alexandria and as Philo Judeaus, was a Hellenized Jewish philosopher born in Alexandria, Egypt. ... Rabbi, in Judaism, means ‘teacher’, or more literally ‘great one’. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root word , rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ‘great’ or ‘distinguished (in knowledge)’. Sephardic and Yemenite Jews pronounce this word ribbī; the modern Israeli pronunciation rabbī is derived from a recent (18th... The first page of the Vilna Edition of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. ... A monarch (see sovereignty) is a type of ruler or head of state. ... St. ... Galilee (Arabic al-jaleel الجليل, Hebrew hagalil הגליל), meaning circuit, is a large area overlapping with much of the North District of Israel. ...

Other scholars have suggested that the identification of "son of God" with divinity is pagan in origin; the Ptolemaic kings of Egypt referred to themselves as sons of Zeus or of Helios; Roman emperors used the title divi filius, or son of God. They suggest that the belief that Jesus was in fact "the son of God", and the association of his divine paternity with his being "messiah", were added after Christianity broke with Judaism. Heathen redirects here. ... Ptolemy, one of Alexander the Greats generals, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexanders death in 323 BC. In 305 BC he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as Soter (saviour). ... The Statue of Zeus at Olympia Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in Ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th century engraving Zeus (in Greek: nominative: Zeús, genitive: Diós), is... Helios in his chariot In Greek mythology the sun was personified as Helios or Helius (Greek Ἥλιος / ἥλιος). Homer often calls him Titan and Hyperion. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

King of the Jews

Main articles: King of the Jews and INRI

The title of "King of the Jews" is used to refer to Jesus in two recorded episodes during his life. It is first used by the Magi, who ask of King Herod "Where is the one who has been born king of the Jews? We saw his star when it rose and have come to worship him".^[25] The teachers of the law answer that he will be found in Bethlehem, according to the prophesy of Micah.^[26] King of the Jews may refer to: A title used to refer to Jesus in several Biblical passages, including Matthew 2:2 and Luke 23:3. ... A Crucifix with the INRI plaque attached, the Holy Spirit Church in Košice, Slovakia A Crucifix with the stylized INRI plaque attached, the cornfields near Mureck in rural Styria, Austria INRI is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase IESVS NAZARENVS REX IVDAEORVM, which translates to English as: Jesus the... Three Kings, or Three Wise Men redirects here. ... Hordes (Hebrew: הוֹרְדוֹס, ; Greek: , ; trad. ... The Book of Micah is one of the books of the Neviim and of the Old Testament. ...

It is again used in Jesus' trial. In all of the gospels, Pilate is recorded as asking Jesus "Are you king of the Jews?", to which Jesus replies "You have said so".^[27] This may imply that the Sanhedrin told Pilate that Jesus had claimed this title, see also Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus. Pilate then orders the written charge on the sign on Jesus' cross to read "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews".^[28] John reports that the sign was written in Aramaic, Latin and Greek.^[29] In Latin this can be translated as "Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum". The abbreviation INRI is therefore used to represent this in many depictions of Jesus' crucifixion. Ecce Homo (Behold the Man!), Antonio Ciseris depiction of Pontius Pilate presenting a scourged Jesus to the people of Jerusalem. ... For the tractate in the Mishnah, see Sanhedrin (tractate). ... The Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus is an event reported by all the Canonical Gospels, in Mark 14:53–65, Matthew 26:57–68, Luke 22:63–71 and John 18:12-24. ... Aramaic is a Semitic language with a four-thousand year history. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... A Crucifix with the INRI plaque attached, the Holy Spirit Church in Košice, Slovakia A Crucifix with the stylized INRI plaque attached, the cornfields near Mureck in rural Styria, Austria INRI is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase IESVS NAZARENVS REX IVDAEORVM, which translates to English as: Jesus the...

Lamb of God

Main article: Lamb of God

A title of Jesus used exclusively by John the Evangelist,^[30] though "lamb" is used by other New Testament writers. Paul specifically identifies Jesus with the Paschal lamb.^[31] Geza Vermes averred that the title "Lamb of God" does not necessarily refer to the metaphor of a sacrificial animal. He points out that in Galilean Aramaic the word talya, literally "lamb", had the common meaning of "male child". This is akin to "kid" meaning "child" in modern colloquial English. The female equivalent of Talya was Talitha, literally "ewe lamb" and figuratively "girl" (the word is found in the Narrative of the Daughter of Jairus^[32]). Thus, "Lamb of God" could have been a slang means of saying "Son of God" or "God's Kid".(See Geza Vermes, Jesus the Jew). The Greek word for "lamb" used by John does not have the "child" connotation. Brass Agnus Dei from altar-front in the Cathedral of the Assumption, Louisville, Kentucky Lamb of God (Latin: Agnus Dei) is one of the titles given to Jesus in the New Testament and consequently in the Christian tradition. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Names of John. ... This article is about the Jewish holiday. ... Geza Vermes (born 22 June 1924) is a Jewish scholar and writer on religious history, particularly Jewish and Christian. ... Brass Agnus Dei from altar-front in the Cathedral of the Assumption, Louisville, Kentucky Lamb of God (Latin: Agnus Dei) is one of the titles given to Jesus in the New Testament and consequently in the Christian tradition. ... Aramaic is a Semitic language with a four-thousand year history. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Most scholars believe that Jesus spoke both Hebrew and Aramaic, and possibly Greek. ... Son of God is a biblical phrase from the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), and the New Testament. ...

Christ, the new Adam

In the NRSV, 1 Corinthians 15:45 reads, “Thus it is written, The first man, Adam, became a living being; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit.” and Romans 5:12 reads, “ Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death came through sin, and so death spread to all because all have sinned.” Jesus came as the new the Adam, a new prototype, to reconcile humanity and establish a relationship with the Godhead, establishing a new humanity. The first Adam participated in the Fall, which brought death through sin; while the second Adam brought grace, righteousness, and salvation.^[33] Pannenberg connected the second Adam imagery to the New Testament in “Paul and John’s doctrine of Jesus as the incarnate Logos.” According to Pannenberg the work of Jesus as the second Adam is the essential link between anthropology and Christology, “affirming the unity of creation as salvation history directed by God towards its eschatological fulfillment in Jesus Christ."^[34]

===Rabboni/Rabbi:-:-:-~.

Main article: Rabbi

Mary Magdalene calls Jesus Rabboni,^[35] which means "my rabbi" [lit. "my teacher"], which is also used for Jesus in other passages.^[36] A rabbi is a Jewish teacher, usually referring to a religious teacher and associated with the Pharisees. Rabbi, in Judaism, means ‘teacher’, or more literally ‘great one’. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root word , rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ‘great’ or ‘distinguished (in knowledge)’. Sephardic and Yemenite Jews pronounce this word ribbī; the modern Israeli pronunciation rabbī is derived from a recent (18th... The penitent Mary Magdalen, a much reproduced composition by Titian. ... Most scholars believe that Jesus spoke both Hebrew and Aramaic, and possibly Greek. ... Rabbi, in Judaism, means ‘teacher’, or more literally ‘great one’. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root word , rav, which in biblical Hebrew means ‘great’ or ‘distinguished (in knowledge)’. Sephardic and Yemenite Jews pronounce this word ribbī; the modern Israeli pronunciation rabbī is derived from a recent (18th... The word Pharisees comes from the Hebrew פרושים prushim from פרוש parush, meaning a detached one, that is, one who is separated for a life of purity. ...

Apostle

Main article: Apostle

In the Epistle to the Hebrews, Jesus is called an Apostle.^[37] An apostle is one who is sent for some purpose, who represents the authority of the sender, similar to an emissary. A verbal form of the word is used of Jesus in the Gospel of John 17:3, where it is translated "one...sent".^[38] The Twelve Apostles (in Koine Greek απόστολος apostolos [1], someone sent forth/sent out, an emissary) were probably Galilean Jewish men (10 names are Aramaic, 4 names are Greek) chosen from among the disciples, who were sent forth by Jesus of Nazareth to preach the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ... The Twelve Apostles (in Koine Greek απόστολος apostolos [1], someone sent forth/sent out, an emissary) were probably Galilean Jewish men (10 names are Aramaic, 4 names are Greek) chosen from among the disciples, who were sent forth by Jesus of Nazareth to preach the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles... Emissary was the first episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. ... The Gospel of John is the fourth gospel in the canon of the New Testament, traditionally ascribed to John the Evangelist. ...

Rabbi

Teacher: His followers called him Rabbi. He was the first person in Judea who was infamously known with this title, However Jews in 120 AD started naming the graduates from a Thalmudic school in Caesaria as rabbi<History of the Jews, Germany 1910</ref> Caesarea is the name of several Roman cities and towns, including: Caesarea Antiochia in Turkey Caesarea Mauretania (Cherchell) in Algeria Caesarea Mazaca (Kaisarieh) in Turkey Caesarea Palaestina (Qesarriya) in Israel Caesarea Philippi in the Golan Heights This is a disambiguation page &#8212; a navigational aid which lists other pages that...

Comforter/Advocate

Main article: Paraclete

In John 14:16 Jesus said he will ask the Father to send "another" paraclete (Greek for 'advocate', 'comforter'), strongly implying that he is the first paraclete. In 1 John 2:1 Jesus is called the paraclete. Look up Paraclete in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Mediator

In 1 Tim 2:5 Jesus is called the mediator between God and men. In Hebrews 8:6, 9:15, 12:24 Jesus is called the mediator of the new covenant. Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ...

High Priest

Main article: Kohen Gadol

The Epistle to the Hebrews calls Jesus the High Priest. Even in death, many Kohanim choose to have this symbol, the special positioning of their fingers and hands during the Priestly Blessing, placed as a crest or symbol on their gravestones to indicate their status. ... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ...

Logos

Main article: Jesus Christ the Logos

John 1:14-18 calls Jesus the Logos in the flesh. In Christology, the conception that Jesus Christ is the Logos (a Greek word meaning word, wisdom, or reason) has been important in establishing the doctrine of Jesus divinity, as well as that of the Trinity, as set forth in the Chalcedonian Creed. ...

Immanuel

Main article: Immanuel

Immanuel (also Emmanuel, Emanuel, etc..) is another name associated with Jesus. It is based on Isaiah 7:12, which is then cited in Matthew 1:23 (and thereby directly associated with Jesus). The name is translated by the author of Matthew to mean 'God with us'. Link title Immanuel is also a town in Israel, near Ariel. ...

References

1. ^ "שׁוע", Ernest Klein, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language (New York: MacMillan Publishing Company 1987)
2. ^ Talshir, M. H. Segal, A Grammar of Mishnaic Hebrew (Tel Aviv: 1936), p. 146.
3. ^ Strong's Concordance H3091
4. ^ Philo, De Mutatione Nominum, §21
5. ^ Brown, Driver, Briggs, Gesenius, Hebrew and English Lexicon With an Appendix Containing the Biblical Aramaic (Hendrickson, 1985), ISBN 0-913573-20-5. Cf. Blue Letter Bible, H3442
6. ^ Strong's H3442
7. ^ Elisha Qimron, The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls (Harvard Semitic Studies: Scholars Press 1986), p.25
8. ^ Philo Judaeus, De ebrietate in Philonis Alexandrini opera quae supersunted. P. Wendland, Berlin: Reimer, 1897 (repr. De Gruyter, 1962)vol. 2:170-214, Section 96, Line 2.
9. ^ Image of the first edition of the King James Version of the Bible, Gospel of Luke. From http://nazirene.peopleofhonoronly.com/. Retrieved March 28, 2006.
10. ^ Geza Vermes: The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls Collection, Cambridge University
11. ^ Blue Letter Bible, G5547
12. ^ A. J. MAAS (2003). Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ. Retrieved January 23, 2006. Walter Bauer's et al. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 1979, under Christos notes: "as a personal name; the Gentiles must have understood Christos in this way (to them it seemed very much like Chrestos [even in pronunciation ...], a name that is found in lit."
13. ^ Hebrews 1:8-9, John 1:1, 20:28
14. ^ Raymond E. Brown. "An Introduction to New Testament Christology", p. 189
15. ^ Matthew 21:11; Luke 7:16
16. ^ Mark 6:4; Matthew 13:57; Luke 4:24
17. ^ John 13:13-14.
18. ^ John 20:28
19. ^ e.g., Acts 2:36
20. ^ After Easter one of the most important OT texts to be applied to the Risen One was Psalm 110:1. Here the word 'Lord' is used both for God and for the messianic king (Acts 2:34). The application of this text to Jesus meant that the title mari, 'my Lord,' addressed to him during his earthly life in recognition of his unusual authority was upgraded as a messianic address. Thus, we get the liturgical acclamation in Aramaic marana tha, 'our Lord, come' (1 Cor. 16:22; Rev. 22:20). ("Lord" in Harper's Bible Dictionary, Paul J. Achtemier ed. [San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1985]).
21. ^ With the mission to the Gentiles, which began in Antioch (Acts 11:20), Christianity entered a milieu in which the title 'Lord' was already given to the deities of various religious cults. They were 'lords' (the feminine, kyria, was used for the goddess Isis) of their religious communities. Scholars used to hold that this pagan usage was the source for the application of the title kyrios to Jesus, but that theory has been ruled out by the Aramaic evidence for the use of 'Lord.' Moreover, Christianity did not regard Jesus as a cult deity. Christian worship was directed to the Father through the Son in the power of the Holy Spirit. At the same time Paul can assert the Lordship of Christ polemically against the pagan cults. 'There are many 'gods' and many 'lords'—yet for us there is one God, the Father. . .and one Lord, Jesus Christ' (1 Cor. 8:6). (Ibid., Harper's Bible Dictionary).
22. ^ [T]he divine name was increasingly regarded as too sacred to be uttered; it was thus replaced vocally in the synagogue ritual by the Hebrew word Adonai (My Lord), which was translated as Kyrios (Lord) in the Septuagint, the Greek version of the Old Testament. (The New Encyclopaedia Britannica [15th edition], vol. 10, p. 786).
    The translation of YHWH by the word Lord in the King James's and in other versions is due to the traditional reading of the Tetragrammaton as Adonai, and this can be traced to the oldest translation of the Bible, the Septuagint. [. . .T]he Greek translators of the Bible. . .took great care to render the name Π I Π I regularly Κυριός, Lord, as if they knew of no other reading but Adonai. Translations dependent upon the Septuagint have the same reading of the Name. (Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901, vol. 1, pp. 201, 203).
23. ^ John 13:13-14
24. ^ Chilton 1996, p. 37
25. ^ Matthew 2:2, TNIV
26. ^ Micah 5:2
27. ^ Mark 15:2 and parallels
28. ^ John 19:19 and parallels
29. ^ John 19:20
30. ^ John 1:29, 1:36; cf. Revelation 5:6, passim
31. ^ 1 Corinthians 5:7
32. ^ Mark 5:21-43
33. ^ Greene 2003, p. 53
34. ^ Panneberg p. 297-315
35. ^ John 20:16
36. ^ e.g., Matthew 26:25; John 1:38; John 3:2
37. ^ Hebrews 3:1
38. ^ John 17:3

The King James or Authorized Version of the Bible is an English translation of the Christian Bible first published in 1611. ... The Gospel of Luke is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament, which tell the story of Jesus life, death, and resurrection. ... Walter Bauer (1877 - 17 November 1960) was a scholar of the development of the early Christian churches. ... Most scholars believe that Jesus spoke both Hebrew and Aramaic, and possibly Greek. ... It has been suggested that Yahweh be merged into this article or section. ...

External links

• Hebrew Names and Titles for Yeshua (Jesus).

Works cited

• Vermes, Geza Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels, Augsburg Fortress Pub, 1981. ISBN 0-8006-1443-7