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A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender projection of a neuron). Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells, though this term is technically imprecise since many neurons do not form nerves, and nerves also include the non-axon glial cells that ensheath the axons in myelin. Nerve may refer to more than one thing: Nerves are part of the nervous system. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (524x1000, 111 KB) Beskrivelse from Grays Anatomy of the Human body, 1918, Copyright expired Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Median nerve ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (524x1000, 111 KB) Beskrivelse from Grays Anatomy of the Human body, 1918, Copyright expired Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Median nerve ...
An axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neurons cell body or soma. ...
This article is about cells in the nervous system. ...
Neuroglia cells of the brain shown by Golgis method. ...
Myelin is an electrically insulating phospholipid layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. ...
Anatomy
Nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. Afferent nerves convey sensory signals to the central nervous system, for example from skin or organs, while efferent nerves conduct stimulatory signals from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. Afferent and efferent axons are often arranged together, forming mixed nerves. For example, the median nerve controls motor and sensory function in the hand. The Peripheral nervous system resides or extends outside the CNS central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to serve the limbs and organs. ...
The mechanism of the reflex arc In the nervous system, afferent neurons--otherwise known as sensory or receptor neurons--carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system. ...
This article is about the senses of living organisms (vision, taste, etc. ...
A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ...
In the nervous system, efferent nerves otherwise known as motor or effector neuron carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous systemto effectors - either muscles or glands. ...
For other uses of Muscles, see Muscles (disambiguation). ...
Human submaxillary gland. ...
Billions of long nerve cells, called neurons, make up the body's nervous system. Neurons receive and transmit chemical-electrical messages to and from the brain. Each neuron is long and thin. One end receives messages and the other transmits the message to the next neuron. The messages "jump" across a gap from one neuron cell to another.
Each peripheral nerve is covered externally by a dense sheath of connective tissue, the epineurium. Underlying this is a layer of flat cells forming a complete sleeve, the perineurium. Perineurial septae extend into the nerve and subdivide it into several bundles of fibres. Surrounding each such fibre is the endoneurial sheath. This forms an unbroken tube which extends from the surface of the spinal cord to the level at which the axon synapses with its muscle fibres or ends in sensory receptors. The endoneurial sheath consists of an inner sleeve of material called the glycocalyx and an outer, delicate, meshwork of collagen fibres. Peripheral nerves are richly supplied with blood. Neurolemma (spelled also neurolema, neurilemma and neurilema, and used interchangeably with epineurium) is the insulating myelin layer that surrounds an individual peripheral nerve fiber. ...
In a nerve fiber, the tubular sheath of the funiculi, perineurium, is a fine, smooth, transparent membrane, which may be easily separated, in the form of a tube, from the fibers it encloses; in structure it is made up of connective tissue, which has a distinctly lamellar arrangement. ...
The nerve fibers are held together and supported within the funiculus by delicate connective tissue, called the endoneurium. ...
In a sensory system, a sensory receptor is a structure that recognizes a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Glycocalix. ...
Most nerves connect to the central nervous system through the spinal cord. The twelve cranial nerves, however, connect directly to parts of the brain. Spinal nerves are given letter-number combinations according to the vertebra through which they connect to the spinal column. Cranial nerves are assigned numbers, usually expressed as Roman numerals from I to XII. In addition, most major nerves have descriptive names. Inside the central nervous system, distinguishable bundles of axons are termed tracts rather than nerves. A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ...
The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ...
Cranial nerves Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. ...
Human brain In animals, the brain (enkephale) (Greek for in the skull), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. ...
The term spinal nerve generally refers to the mixed spinal nerve, which is formed from the dorsal and ventral roots that come out of the spinal cord. ...
A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ...
Roman numerals are a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. ...
The signals that nerves carry, sometimes called nerve impulses, are also known as action potentials. These are rapidly (up to 120 m/s) traveling electrical waves, which typically begin in the cell body of a neuron and propagate down the axon to its tip or "terminus." The signals cross over from the terminus of the axon to the adjacent neurotransmitter receptor through a gap called the synapse. Motor neurons innervate or activate muscles groups. A. A schematic view of an idealized action potential illustrates its various phases as the action potential passes a point on a cell membrane. ...
Illustration of the major elements in a prototypical synapse. ...
In vertebrates, motoneurons (also called motor neurons) are efferent neurons that originate in the spinal cord and synapse with muscle fibers to facilitate muscle contraction and with muscle spindles to modify proprioceptive sensitivity. ...
Clinical importance Damage to nerves can be caused by physical injury, swelling (e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome), autoimmune diseases (e.g. Guillain-Barré syndrome), infection (neuritis), diabetes, or failure of the blood vessels surrounding the nerve. A pinched nerve occurs when pressure is placed on a nerve, usually from swelling due to an injury or pregnancy. Nerve damage or pinched nerves are usually accompanied by pain, numbness, weakness, or paralysis. Patients may feel these symptoms in areas far from the actual site of damage, a phenomenon called referred pain. Referred pain occurs because when a nerve is damaged, signalling is defective from all parts of the area from which the nerve receives input, not just the site of the damage. Neurologists usually diagnose disorders of the nerves by a physical examination, including the testing of reflexes, walking and other directed movements, muscle weakness, proprioception, and the sense of touch. This initial exam can be followed with tests such as nerve conduction study and electromyography (EMG). This article is about the medical condition. ...
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (IPA pronunciation: is an acute, autoimmune, polyradiculoneuropathy affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious process. ...
Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation and may be referred to as the innate cascade. ...
This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ...
Look up Pain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Paralysed redirects here. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. ...
In medicine, the physical examination or clinical examination is the process by which the physician investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease. ...
For other uses, see Reflexive (disambiguation). ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For other uses of Muscles, see Muscles (disambiguation). ...
// Proprioception (PRO-pree-o-SEP-shun (IPA pronunciation: ); from Latin proprius, meaning ones own and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. ...
Somatic sensation consists of the various sensory receptors that trigger the experiences labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle), and the sensations of muscle movement and joint position including posture, movement, and facial expression (collectively also called proprioception). ...
A nerve conduction study (NCS) is a test commonly used to evaluate the function, especially the ability of electrical conduction, of the motor and sensory nerves of the human body. ...
Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording physiologic properties of muscles at rest and while contracting. ...
See also The nervous system is a highly specialized network whose principal components are nerves called neurons. ...
There is no single classification system that can describe all the many variations of nerve injury. ...
Additional images Peripheral nerve, cross section Image File history File links Peripheral_nerve,_cross_section. ...
| | Nerves: spinal nerves | | Cervical (8) | C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8
anterior (Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of cervical nerves, Suboccipital - C1, Greater occipital - C2, Third occipital - C3) | | Thoracic (12) | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12
anterior (Intercostal, Intercostobrachial - T2, Thoraco-abdominal nerves - T7-T11, Subcostal - T12) - posterior (Posterior branches of thoracic nerves) | | Lumbar (5) | L1, L2, L3, L4, L5
anterior (Lumbar plexus, Lumbosacral trunk) - posterior (Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves, Superior cluneal L1-L3) | | Sacral (5) | S1, S2, S3, S4, S5
anterior (Sacral plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of sacral nerves, Medial cluneal nerves) | | Coccygeal (1) | anterior (Coccygeal plexus) - posterior (Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve) | | Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves | | olfactory (AON->I) | olfactory bulb - olfactory tract | | optic (LGN->II) | optic chiasm - optic tract | | oculomotor (ON,EWN->III) | superior branch (parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion) - inferior branch | | trochlear (TN->IV) | no significant branches | | trigeminal (PSN,TSN,MN,TMN->V) | trigeminal ganglion • ophthalmic • maxillary • mandibular | | abducens (AN->VI) | no significant branches | | facial (FMN,SN,SSN->VII) | | | vestibulocochlear (VN,CN->VIII) | cochlear (striae medullares, lateral lemniscus) • vestibular (Scarpa's ganglion) | | glossopharyngeal (NA,ISN,SN->IX) | | | vagus (NA,DNVN,SN->X) | | | accessory (NA,SAN->XI) | cranial - spinal | | hypoglossal (HN->XII) | lingual branches | | Nerves of upper limbs (primarily): the brachial plexus (C5-T1) | | Supraclavicular | root (dorsal scapular, long thoracic) - upper trunk (suprascapular, to the subclavius) | | Infraclavicular: lateral cord | lateral pectoral musculocutaneous (lateral cutaneous of forearm) The term spinal nerve generally refers to the mixed spinal nerve, which is formed from the dorsal and ventral roots that come out of the spinal cord. ...
The Cervical Nerves—The posterior division of the first cervical or suboccipital nerve is larger than the anterior division, and emerges above the posterior arch of the atlas and beneath the vertebral artery. ...
The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. ...
The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral roots of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment near the neck. ...
The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres (a plexus) running from the spine (vertebrae C5-T1), through the neck, the axilla (armpit region), and into the arm. ...
The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. ...
The posterior branches of cervical nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the cervical nerves. ...
The first spinal nerve, the suboccipital nerve exits the spinal cord between the skull and the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. ...
The greater occipital nerve is a spinal nerve arising between the first and second cervical vertebrae, along with the lesser occipital nerve. ...
While under the Trapezius, the medial branch of the posterior division of the third cervical nerve gives off a branch called the third occipital nerve, which pierces the Trapezius and ends in the skin of the lower part of the back of the head. ...
The Thoracic Nerves—The medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch) of the posterior divisions of the upper six thoracic nerves run between the Semispinalis dorsi and Multifidus, which they supply; they then pierce the Rhomboidei and Trapezius, and reach the skin by the sides of the spinous processes. ...
The thoracic spinal nerves T3 through T12. ...
The lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve does not divide, like the others, into an anterior and a posterior branch; it is named the intercostobrachial nerve. ...
The anterior divisions of the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh thoracic intercostal nerves are continued anteriorly from the intercostal spaces into the abdominal wall; hence they are named thoraco-abdominal nerves (or thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves). ...
The anterior division of the twelfth thoracic nerve (subcostal nerve) is larger than the others; it runs along the lower border of the twelfth rib, often gives a communicating branch to the first lumbar nerve, and passes under the lateral lumbocostal arch. ...
The posterior branches of thoracic nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the thoracic nerves. ...
The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots Grays Fig. ...
The lumbar plexus is formed by the loops of communication between the anterior divisions of the first three and the greater part of the fourth lumbar nerves; the first lumbar often receives a branch from the last thoracic nerve. ...
The lumbosacral trunk is nervous tissue that connects the lumbar plexus with the sacral plexus. ...
The posterior branches of the lumbar nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the lumbar nerves. ...
The superior clunial nerves innervate the skin of the upper part of the buttocks. ...
The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. ...
In human anatomy, the Sacral plexus refers to the nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs. ...
The posterior divisions of the sacral nerves are small, and diminish in size from above downward; they emerge, except the last, through the posterior sacral foramina. ...
The medial clunial nerves innervate the skin of the buttocks closest to the midline of the body. ...
The coccygeal nerve is the spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone. ...
The coccygeal plexus is a plexus of nerves near the coccyx bone. ...
The posterior division of the coccygeal nerve does not divide into a medial and a lateral branch, but receives a communicating branch from the last sacral; it is distributed to the skin over the back of the coccyx. ...
An MRI scan of the head. ...
Cranial nerves Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. ...
The olfactory nerve is the first of twelve cranial nerves. ...
The anterior olfactory nucleus is a cranial nucleus for the olfactory nerve. ...
The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the perception of odors. ...
The olfactory tract is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. ...
This article is about the anatomical structure. ...
Grays FIG. 719– Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view. ...
Visual pathway with optic chiasm circled The optic chiasm (from the Greek χλαζειν to mark with an X, after the letter Χ chi) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross, those parts of the right eye which see things on the right side being connected to the...
The optic tract is a part of the visual system in the brain. ...
The oculomotor nerve () is the third of twelve paired cranial nerves. ...
The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. ...
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is the accessory parasympathetic nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, supplying the constricting muscles of the iris. ...
The superior branch of the oculomotor nerve or the superior division, the smaller, passes medialward over the optic nerve. ...
The ciliary ganglion is small parasympathetic ganglion lying in the orbit between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle that is associated with the nasociliary nerve (a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve). ...
The inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve or the inferior division, the larger, divides into three branches. ...
The fourth of twelve cranial nerves, the trochlear nerve controls the function of the superior oblique muscle, which rotates the eye away from the nose and also moves the eye downward. ...
The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus. ...
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth (V) cranial nerve, and carries sensory information from most of the face, as well as motor supply to the muscles of mastication (the muscles enabling chewing), tensor tympani (in the middle ear), and other muscles in the floor of the mouth, such as the...
The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus) receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw. ...
The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem, midbrain to medulla. ...
The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with proprioception, that is, the feeling of position of the muscles. ...
The sensory trigeminal nerve nucleus is the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extends through the whole of the brainstem, midbrain to medulla. ...
The trigeminal ganglion (or Gasserian ganglion, or semilunar ganglion) occupies a cavity (Meckels cave) in the dura mater covering the trigeminal impression near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone. ...
The Ophthalmic nerve is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, one of the cranial nerves. ...
The Maxillary nerve is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, one of the cranial nerves. ...
The mandibular nerve is the third branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve. ...
The sixth of twelve cranial nerves, the abducens nerve is a motor nerve that innervates the lateral rectus muscle and therefore controls each eyes ability to abduct (move away from the midline). ...
The abducens nucleus is the originating nucleus from which the abducens nerve emerges - a cranial nerve nucleus. ...
The facial nerve is the seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves. ...
The facial motor nucleus is a collection of neurons in the brainstem that belong to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). ...
The solitary nucleus and tract are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) cranial nerves, as well as the cranial part of the accessory nerve (XI). ...
The Superior salivary nucleus (or superior salivatory nucleus) of the facial nerve is a visceromotor cranial nerve nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum. ...
The nervus intermedius, or intermediate nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). ...
Mark Hartley: 01946841665 i am gay and call me for bum sex. ...
The facial canal is a canal running from the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen. ...
The greater petrosal nerve is a nerve in the skull that branches from the facial nerve; it forms part of a chain of nerves that innervates the lacrimal gland. ...
The sphenopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the spheno-maxillary fossa. ...
The Nerve to the Stapedius (tympanic branch) arises opposite the pyramidal eminence; it passes through a small canal in this eminence to reach the muscle. ...
The chorda tympani are nerves of special sensation given off the facial nerve (VII) inside the skull. ...
The Lingual Nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve from the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve (CN V3), that supplies the mucous membrane of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. ...
The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is of small size and is fusiform in shape. ...
Between the styloid and mastoid processes is the stylomastoid foramen; it is the termination of the facial canal, and transmits the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery. ...
The Posterior Auricular Nerve arises close to the stylo-mastoid foramen, and runs upward in front of the mastoid process; here it is joined by a filament from the auricular branch of the vagus, and communicates with the posterior branch of the great auricular, and with the lesser occipital. ...
Muscles of the neck. ...
The digastric branch of facial nerve arises close to the stylomastoid foramen, and divides into several filaments, which supply the posterior belly of the Digastricus; one of these filaments joins the glossopharyngeal nerve. ...
The stylohyoid branch of facial nerve frequently arises in conjunction with the digastric branch; it is long and slender, and enters the Stylohyoideus about its middle. ...
The Temporal branches of the facial nerve cross the zygomatic arch to the temporal region, supplying the Auriculares anterior and superior, and joining with the zygomaticotemporal branch of the maxillary, and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular. ...
The Buccal Branches of the facial nerve (infraorbital branches), of larger size than the rest of the branches, pass horizontally forward to be distributed below the orbit and around the mouth. ...
The Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve passes forward beneath the Platysma and Triangularis, supplying the muscles of the lower lip and chin, and communicating with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. ...
The cervical branch of the facial nerve runs forward beneath the Platysma, and forms a series of arches across the side of the neck over the suprahyoid region. ...
The vestibulocochlear nerve (also known as the auditory or acoustic nerve) is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves, and is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. ...
The nuclei of the vestibular nerve. ...
The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. ...
The Cochlear nerve (n. ...
Winding around the inferior peduncle and crossing the area acustica and the medial eminence are a number of white strands, the striae medullares, which form a portion of the cochlear division of the acoustic nerve and disappear into the median sulcus. ...
The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. ...
The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve is the other. ...
Scarpas ganglion contains the cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons whose peripheral processes form synaptic contact with hair cells of the vestibular sensory end organs. ...
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth of twelve cranial nerves. ...
The nucleus ambiguus (literally ambiguous nucleus) is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla. ...
The inferior salivatory nucleus is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which stimulates secretion from the parotid gland. ...
The solitary nucleus and tract are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) cranial nerves, as well as the cranial part of the accessory nerve (XI). ...
In the temporal bone, behind the openings for the carotid canal and the aquæductus cochleæ is a deep depression, the jugular fossa, of variable depth and size in different skulls; it lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein. ...
The superior ganglion (jugular ganglion) is situated in the upper part of the groove in which the glossopharyngeal nerve is lodged during its passage through the jugular foramen. ...
The inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve (petrous ganglion) is larger than the superior ganglion and is situated in a depression in the lower border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. ...
In the temporal bone, behind the openings for the carotid canal and the aquæductus cochleæ is a deep depression, the jugular fossa, of variable depth and size in different skulls; it lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein. ...
The tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson) arises from the petrous ganglion, and ascends to the tympanic cavity through a small canal on the under surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone on the ridge which separates the carotid canal from the jugular fossa. ...
In the tympanic cavity the tympanic nerve divides into branches which form the tympanic plexus and are contained in grooves upon the surface of the promontory. ...
The lesser petrosal nerve is a root of the otic ganglion. ...
The Otic Ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale. ...
The pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve are three or four filaments which unite, opposite the Constrictor pharyngis medius, with the pharyngeal branches of the vagus and sympathetic, to form the pharyngeal plexus. ...
The branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve to the carotid sinus is the nerve which primarily receives information from baroreceptors to help maintain a more consistent blood pressure. ...
The vagus nerve (also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve X) is the tenth of twelve paired cranial nerves, and is the only nerve that starts in the brainstem (within the medulla oblongata) and extends, through the jugular foramen, down below the head, to the abdomen. ...
The nucleus ambiguus (literally ambiguous nucleus) is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla. ...
The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve that arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle. ...
The solitary nucleus and tract are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) cranial nerves, as well as the cranial part of the accessory nerve (XI). ...
In the temporal bone, behind the openings for the carotid canal and the aquæductus cochleæ is a deep depression, the jugular fossa, of variable depth and size in different skulls; it lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein. ...
The vagus presents a well-marked ganglionic enlargement, which is called the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve (jugular ganglion, ganglion of the root); to it the accessory nerve is connected by one or two filaments. ...
In the temporal bone, behind the openings for the carotid canal and the aquæductus cochleæ is a deep depression, the jugular fossa, of variable depth and size in different skulls; it lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein. ...
The meningeal branch of vagus nerve (dural branch) is a recurrent filament given off from the jugular ganglion; it is distributed to the dura mater in the posterior fossa of the base of the skull. ...
The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is often termed the Aldermans nerve or Arnolds nerve. ...
For other uses, see Neck (disambiguation). ...
The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve, the principal motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve. ...
The Superior Laryngeal Nerve arises from the middle of the ganglion nodosum and in its course receives a branch from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic. ...
The external laryngeal nerve is the smaller, external branch (ramus externus) of the superior laryngeal nerve. ...
The internal laryngeal nerve is the internal branch (ramus internus) of the superior laryngeal nerve. ...
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve (the tenth cranial nerve) that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). ...
The Superior Cardiac Branches (cervical cardiac branches), two or three in number, arise from the vagus, at the upper and lower parts of the neck. ...
Diagram of a tsetse fly, showing the head, thorax and abdomen The thorax is a division of an animals body that lies between the head and the abdomen. ...
The Inferior Cardiac Branches (thoracic cardiac branches), on the right side, arise from the trunk of the vagus as it lies by the side of the trachea, and from its recurrent nerve; on the left side from the recurrent nerve only; passing inward, they end in the deep part of...
The pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve can be divided into two groups: anterior and posterior. ...
The anterior vagal trunk is a branch of the vagus nerve which contributes to the esophageal plexus. ...
The anterior vagal trunk is a branch of the vagus nerve which contributes to the esophageal plexus. ...
For the human abdomen, see human abdomen. ...
The celiac branches of vagus nerve are small branches which provide parasympathetic innervation to the celiac plexus. ...
The renal branches of vagus nerve are small branches which provide parasympathetic innervation to the kidney. ...
The anterior vagal trunk is a branch of the vagus nerve which contributes to the esophageal plexus. ...
The anterior vagal trunk is a branch of the vagus nerve which contributes to the esophageal plexus. ...
The anterior vagal trunk is a branch of the vagus nerve which contributes to the esophageal plexus. ...
In anatomy, the accessory nerve is a nerve that controls specific muscles of the neck. ...
The nucleus ambiguus (literally ambiguous nucleus) is a region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal (posterior) to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper (rostral) medulla. ...
The spinal accessory nucleus lies within the cervical spinal cord (C1-C5) in the ventral horn. ...
The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve (XII). ...
The hypoglossal nucleus extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. ...
An MRI scan of the head. ...
The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral roots of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment near the neck. ...
The lesser occipital nerve is a spinal nerve arising between the first and second cervical vertebrae, along with the greater occipital nerve. ...
The great auricular nerve originates from the cervical plexus, composed of branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3. ...
The transverse cervical nerve (superficial cervical or cutaneous cervical) arises from the second and third cervical nerves, turns around the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus about its middle, and, passing obliquely forward beneath the external jugular vein to the anterior border of the muscle, it perforates the deep cervical fascia...
The supraclavicular nerves (descending branches) arise from the third and fourth cervical nerves; they emerge beneath the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and descend in the posterior triangle of the neck beneath the Platysma and deep cervical fascia. ...
The ansa cervicalis (or ansa hypoglossi in older literature) is a loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus. ...
The phrenic nerve arises from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5) in humans. ...
In humans, the upper limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pectoral girdle. ...
The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres (a plexus) running from the spine (vertebrae C5-T1), through the neck, the axilla (armpit region), and into the arm. ...
Nerve roots can refer to: Dorsal root Ventral root Category: ...
The dorsal scapular nerve arises from the brachial plexus, specifically from spinal nerves C4 and C5. ...
The long thoracic nerve (external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve) supplies the Serratus anterior. ...
The Nervus suprascapularis (Suprascapular nerve) is a nerve of the plexus brachialis. ...
The Nerve to the Subclavius (or subclavian nerve) is a small filament, which arises from the point of junction of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves; it descends to the muscle in front of the third part of the subclavian artery and the lower trunk of the plexus, and is...
The Lateral cord is a division of the brachial plexus. ...
The Anterior Thoracic Nerves supply the Pectorales major and minor. ...
The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, its fibers being derived from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves. ...
The lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve (or lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm) (branch of musculocutaneous nerve, also sometimes spelled antebrachial) passes behind the cephalic vein, and divides, opposite the elbow-joint, into a volar and a dorsal branch. ...
median/lateral root: anterior interosseous - palmar - recurrent - common palmar digital (proper palmar digital) | | Infraclavicular: medial cord | medial pectoral cutaneous: medial cutaneous of forearm • medial cutaneous of arm The median nerve is a nerve that runs down the arm and forearm. ...
The anterior interosseous nerve (volar interosseous nerve) is a branch of the median nerve that supplies the deep muscles on the front of the forearm, except the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus. ...
The palmar branch of the median nerve arises at the lower part of the forearm. ...
The median nerve is a nerve that runs down the arm and forearm. ...
In the palm of the hand the median nerve is covered by the skin and the palmar aponeurosis, and rests on the tendons of the Flexor muscles. ...
In the palm of the hand the median nerve is covered by the skin and the palmar aponeurosis, and rests on the tendons of the Flexor muscles. ...
The Medial cord is a division of the brachial plexus. ...
Grays Fig. ...
The Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (internal cutaneous nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, also sometimes spelled antibrachial) arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. ...
The Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve (lesser internal cutaneous nerve; nerve of Wrisberg, medial cutaneous nerve of arm) is distributed to the skin on the ulnar side of the arm. ...
ulnar: muscular - palmar - dorsal (dorsal digital nerves) - superficial (common palmar digital, proper palmar digital) - deep In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs from the shoulder to the hand, at one part running near the ulna bone. ...
The muscular branches of ulnar nerve, two in number, arise near the elbow: one supplies the Flexor carpi ulnaris; the other, the ulnar half of the Flexor digitorum profundus. ...
The palmar branch of the ulnar nerve arises about 5 cm above the wrist from where the ulnar nerve splits into palmar and dorsal branches. ...
The dorsal branch of ulnar nerve arises about 5 cm. ...
The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supplies the palmaris brevis and the skin on the ulnar side of the hand, and divides into a proper palmar digital nerve for the ulnar side of the little finger, and a common palmar digital nerve which gives a communicating twig to the...
The deep branch of the ulnar nerve, accompanied by the deep branch of the ulnar artery, passes between the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor digiti minimi brevis. ...
median/medial root: see above | | Infraclavicular: posterior cord | subscapular (upper, lower) • thoracodorsal axillary (superior lateral cutaneous of arm) The median nerve is a nerve that runs down the arm and forearm. ...
The Posterior cord is a division of the brachial plexus. ...
The upper subscapular (short subscapular) enters the upper part of the Subscapularis, and is frequently represented by two branches. ...
The lower subscapular supplies the lower part of the Subscapularis, and ends in the Teres major; the latter muscle is sometimes supplied by a separate branch. ...
The Posterior cord is a division of the brachial plexus. ...
The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. ...
The posterior branch of the axillary nerve pierces the deep fascia and is continued as the lateral brachial cutaneous nerve (or lateral cutaneous nerve of arm), which sweeps around the posterior border of the Deltoideus and supplies the skin over the lower two-thirds of the posterior part of this...
radial: muscular - cutaneous (posterior of arm, inferior lateral of arm, posterior of forearm) - superficial (dorsal digital nerves) - deep (posterior interosseous) | | Other | cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs | | Nerves - autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system/ganglion/trunks and parasympathetic nervous system/ganglion) | | Head/cranial | Ciliary ganglion: roots (Sensory, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic) - Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal - nerve of pterygoid canal
branches of distribution: greater palatine (inferior posterior nasal branches) - lesser palatine - nasopalatine (medial superior posterior nasal branches) - pharyngeal The radial nerve is a nerve in the human body, that supplies the arm, the forearm and the hand. ...
The muscular branches of the radial nerve supply the Triceps brachii, Anconæus, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, and Brachialis, and are grouped as medial, posterior, and lateral. ...
The posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (internal cutaneous branch of musculospiral, posterior brachial cutaneous nerve) is a branch of the radial nerve that provides sensory innervation for much of the skin on the back of the arm. ...
The inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (also called the inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve) is a branch of the radial nerve that provides sensory innervation to the lower, lateral aspect of the arm. ...
The dorsal antibrachial cutaneous nerve (external cutaneous branch of musculospiral, posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm) perforates the lateral head of the Triceps brachii at its attachment to the humerus. ...
The superficial branch of the radial nerve passes along the front of the radial side of the forearm to the commencement of its lower third. ...
The deep branch of the radial nerve (dorsal or posterior interosseous nerve) winds to the back of the forearm around the lateral side of the radius between the two planes of fibers of the Supinator, and is prolonged downward between the superficial and deep layers of muscles, to the middle...
The deep branch of the radial nerve (dorsal or posterior interosseous nerve) winds to the back of the forearm around the lateral side of the radius between the two planes of fibers of the Supinator, and is prolonged downward between the superficial and deep layers of muscles, to the middle...
Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific nerve. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) is a branch of the autonomic nervous system. ...
Grays FIG. 838– The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. ...
The sympathetic trunk (sympathetic chain, gangliated cord) is a bundle of nerve fibers that runs from the base of the skull to the coccyx. ...
Autonomic nervous system innervation, showing the sympathetic and parasympathetic (craniosacral) systems, in red and blue, respectively The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. ...
Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. ...
For other uses, see Head (disambiguation). ...
The ciliary ganglion is small parasympathetic ganglion lying in the orbit between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle that is associated with the nasociliary nerve (a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve). ...
The ciliary ganglion is small parasympathetic ganglion lying in the orbit between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle that is associated with the nasociliary nerve (a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve). ...
The branches of the ciliary ganglion are the short ciliary nerves. ...
The sphenopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the spheno-maxillary fossa. ...
The deep petrosal nerve (large deep petrosal nerve) is given off from the carotid plexus, and runs through the carotid canal lateral to the internal carotid artery. ...
The nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve), formed by the junction of the great petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve in the cartilaginous substance which fills the foramen lacerum, passes forward, through the pterygoid canal, with the corresponding artery, and is joined by a small ascending sphenoidal branch...
The greater palatine nerve (anterior palatine nerve) descends through the greater palatine canal, emerges upon the hard palate through the greater palatine foramen, and passes forward in a groove in the hard palate, nearly as far as the incisor teeth. ...
The lesser palatine nerve (posterior palatine nerve) descends through the pterygopalatine canal, and emerges by the lesser palatine foramen. ...
One branch of the posterior superior nasal branches, longer and larger than the others, is named the nasopalatine nerve. ...
The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. ...
Submandibular ganglion The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is of small size and is fusiform in shape. ...
Otic ganglion | | Neck/cervical | paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia (Superior, Middle, Inferior) - Stellate ganglion
prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus - Internal carotid | | Chest/thorax | paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus - Esophageal plexus - Pulmonary plexus - Thoracic aortic plexus The Otic Ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale. ...
For other uses, see Neck (disambiguation). ...
The sympathetic trunks (sympathetic chain, paravertebral ganglia, gangliated cord) extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx. ...
The cervical ganglia consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. ...
The superior cervical ganglion, the largest of the cervical ganglia, is placed opposite the second and third cervical vertebræ. It is of a reddish-gray color, and usually fusiform in shape; sometimes broad and flattened, and occasionally constricted at intervals; it is believed to be formed by the coalescence of...
The middle cervical ganglion is the smallest of the three cervical ganglia, and is occasionally absent. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into cervical ganglia. ...
The stellate ganglion is a ganglion formed by the fusion of inferior cervical ganglion and the first paravertebral ganglion. ...
A prevertebral plexus is a nerve plexus which branches from a prevertebral ganglion. ...
The cavernous plexus is situated below and medial to that part of the internal carotid artery which is placed by the side of the sella turcica in the cavernous sinus, and is formed chiefly by the medial division of the internal carotid nerve. ...
The internal carotid plexus (carotid plexus) is situated on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery, and in the plexus there occasionally exists a small gangliform swelling, the carotid ganglion, on the under surface of the artery. ...
Male Chest The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. ...
The sympathetic trunks (sympathetic chain, paravertebral ganglia, gangliated cord) extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx. ...
The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 12 thoracic ganglia. ...
A prevertebral plexus is a nerve plexus which branches from a prevertebral ganglion. ...
The cardiac plexus is a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervate the heart. ...
The esophageal branches of the vagus nerve are given off both above and below the bronchial branches; the lower are numerous and larger than the upper. ...
The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk. ...
The thoracic aortic plexus is a sympathetic plexus in the region of the thoracic aorta. ...
splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary - thoracic The splanchnic nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system. ...
Thoracic splanchnic nerves arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. ...
cardiac nerves: Superior - Middle - Inferior | | Abdomen/Lumbar | paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia (Aorticorenal) - Superior mesenteric ganglion - Inferior mesenteric ganglion The cardiac nerves are autonomic nerves which supply the heart. ...
The superior cardiac nerve arises by two or more branches from the superior cervical ganglion, and occasionally receives a filament from the trunk between the first and second cervical ganglia. ...
The middle cardiac nerve (great cardiac nerve), the largest of the three cardiac nerves, arises from the middle cervical ganglion, or from the trunk between the middle and inferior ganglia. ...
The inferior cardiac nerve arises from either the inferior cervical or the first thoracic ganglion. ...
The human abdomen (from the Latin word meaning belly) is the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. ...
The sympathetic trunks (sympathetic chain, paravertebral ganglia, gangliated cord) extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx. ...
The lumbar portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 4 lumbar ganglia. ...
Prevertebral ganglia (or collateral ganglia) are sympathetic ganglia which lie between the sympathetic chain and the organ of supply. ...
The Celiac Ganglia (semilunar ganglia) are two large irregularly shaped masses having the appearance of lymph glands and placed one on either side of the middle line in front of the crura of the diaphragm close to the suprarenal glands, that on the right side being placed behind the inferior...
The upper part of each celiac ganglion is joined by the greater splanchnic nerve, while the lower part, which is segmented off and named the aorticorenal ganglion, receives the lesser splanchnic nerve and gives off the greater part of the renal plexus. ...
The superior mesenteric plexus is a continuation of the lower part of the celiac plexus, receiving a branch from the junction of the right vagus nerve with the plexus. ...
The inferior mesenteric plexus is derived chiefly from the aortic plexus. ...
prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus - (Hepatic, Splenic, Pancreatic) - aorticorenal (Abdominal aortic plexus, Renal/Suprarenal) - Superior mesenteric (Gastric) - Inferior mesenteric (Spermatic, Ovarian) - Superior hypogastric (hypogastric nerve, Superior rectal) - Inferior hypogastric (Vesical, Prostatic/Cavernous nerves of penis, Uterovaginal, Middle rectal) A prevertebral plexus is a nerve plexus which branches from a prevertebral ganglion. ...
The solar plexus, also known as the celiac plexus or plexus cœliacus, is an autonomous cluster of nerve cells (see Plexus) in the human body behind the stomach and below the diaphragm near the celiac artery in the abdominal cavity. ...
The hepatic plexus, the largest offset from the celiac plexus, receives filaments from the left vagus and right phrenic nerves. ...
The splenic plexus (lienal plexus in older texts) is formed by branches from the celiac plexus, the left celiac ganglion, and from the right vagus nerve. ...
The pancreatic plexus is a division of the celiac plexus (coeliac plexus). ...
The abdominal aortic plexus (aortic plexus) is formed by branches derived, on either side, from the celiac plexus and ganglia, and receives filaments from some of the lumbar ganglia. ...
The renal plexus is formed by filaments from the celiac plexus, the aorticorenal ganglion, and the aortic plexus . ...
The suprarenal plexus is formed by branches from the celiac plexus, from the celiac ganglion, and from the phrenic and greater splanchnic nerves, a ganglion being formed at the point of junction with the latter nerve. ...
The superior mesenteric plexus is a continuation of the lower part of the celiac plexus, receiving a branch from the junction of the right vagus nerve with the plexus. ...
The superior gastric plexus (gastric or coronary plexus) accompanies the left gastric artery along the lesser curvature of the stomach, and joins with branches from the left vagus. ...
The inferior mesenteric plexus is derived chiefly from the aortic plexus. ...
The spermatic plexus (or testicular plexus) is derived from the renal plexus, receiving branches from the aortic plexus. ...
In the female, the ovarian plexus arises from the renal plexus, and is distributed to the ovary, and fundus of the uterus. ...
The superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies below the bifurcation of the aorta. ...
The hypogastric nerve is a term for the transition between the superior hypogastric plexus and the inferior hypogastric plexus. ...
The inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus in older texts) is a plexus of nerves that supplies the viscera of the pelvic cavity. ...
The Vesical Plexus arises from the forepart of the pelvic plexus. ...
The Prostatic Plexus is continued from the lower part of the pelvic plexus. ...
The cavernous nerves are post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves that facilitate penile erection. ...
The Uterovaginal plexus is a division of the inferior hypogastric plexus. ...
splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves The splanchnic nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system. ...
The lumbar splanchnic nerves arise from the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk and travel to an adjacent plexus near the aorta. ...
enteric nervous system: Meissner's plexus • Auerbach's plexus | | Pelvis/sacral | paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia - Ganglion impar
splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves - Sacral splanchnic nerves | | All | Rami communicans (White, Gray) - Preganglionic fibers - Postganglionic fibers | | Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus (L1-Co) | | lumbar plexus (L1-L4) | iliohypogastric: lateral cutaneous branch - anterior cutaneous branch ilioinguinal: anterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀ The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an interdependent part of the autonomic nervous system. ...
The nerves of the small intestines are derived from the plexuses of sympathetic nerves around the superior mesenteric artery. ...
Part of the enteric nervous system, Auerbachs plexus exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscle in the gastrointestinal tract and provides motor innervation to both layers and secretomotor innervation to the mucosa. ...
The pelvis (pl. ...
The sympathetic trunks (sympathetic chain, paravertebral ganglia, gangliated cord) extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx. ...
As the sympathetic trunk heads inferiorly down the sacram, it turns medially. ...
The pelvic portion of each sympathetic trunk is situated in front of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina. ...
The splanchnic nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system. ...
Pelvic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, S4 to provide parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut. ...
Sacral splanchnic nerves are nerves that connect the inferior hypogastric plexus to the sympathetic trunk in the pelvis. ...
Rami communicans (plural rami communicantes) is the term used for a nerve which connects two other nervers. ...
The thoracic, and the first and second lumbar nerves each contribute a branch, white ramus communicans to the adjoining sympathetic ganglion. ...
Each spinal nerve receives a branch, gray ramus communicans, from the adjacent ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. ...
In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the CNS to the ganglion are known as preganglionic fibers. ...
Acetylcholine Norepinephrine In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the ganglion to the effector organ are called postganglionic fibers. ...
In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ...
The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ...
The anterior divisions of the lumbar nerve, sacral nerve, and coccygeal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic. ...
The lumbar plexus is formed by the loops of communication between the anterior divisions of the first three and the greater part of the fourth lumbar nerves; the first lumbar often receives a branch from the last thoracic nerve. ...
The Iliohypogastric Nerve arises from the first lumbar nerve. ...
The Ilioinguinal Nerve, smaller than the Iliohypogastric nerve, arises with it from the first lumbar nerve. ...
genitofemoral: femoral branch/lumboinguinal - genital branch In human anatomy, the genitofemoral nerve originates from the upper part of the lumbar plexus of spinal nerves. ...
The lumboinguinal nerve (femoral or crural branch of genitofemoral) descends on the external iliac artery, sending a few filaments around it, and, passing beneath the inguinal ligament, enters the sheath of the femoral vessels, lying superficial and lateral to the femoral artery. ...
The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (external spermatic nerve) passes outward on the Psoas major, and pierces the fascia transversalis, or passes through the abdominal inguinal ring; it then descends behind the spermatic cord to the scrotum, supplies the Cremaster, and gives a few filaments to the skin of...
lateral cutaneous of thigh: patellar The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) is a cutaneous nerve that innervates the skin on the lateral part of the thigh. ...
The terminal filaments of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve frequently communicate with the anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve, and with the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, forming with them the patellar plexus. ...
obturator: anterior (cutaneous) - posterior - accessory The Obturator Nerve arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small. ...
The anterior branch of the obturator nerve leaves the pelvis in front of the Obturator externus and descends in front of the Adductor brevis, and behind the Pectineus and Adductor longus; at the lower border of the latter muscle it communicates with the anterior cutaneous and saphenous branches of the...
Occasionally the communicating branch to the anterior cutaneous and saphenous branches of the femoral is continued down, as a cutaneous branch, to the thigh and leg, as the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve. ...
The posterior branch of the obturator nerve pierces the anterior part of the Obturator externus, and supplies this muscle; it then passes behind the Adductor brevis on the front of the Adductor magnus, where it divides into numerous muscular branches which are distributed to the Adductor magnus and the Adductor...
The Accessory Obturator Nerve is present in about 29 per cent. ...
femoral: anterior cutaneous branches - saphenous (infrapatellar, medial crural cutaneous) | | sacral plexus (L4-S4) | | sciatic | common fibular: lateral sural cutaneous (sural communicating branch) - deep fibular (lateral terminal branch, medial terminal branch, dorsal digital) - superficial fibular (medial dorsal cutaneous, intermediate dorsal cutaneous, dorsal digital) tibial: medial sural cutaneous - medial calcaneal - medial plantar (common plantar digital nerves, proper plantar digital) - lateral plantar (deep branch, superficial branch, common plantar digital, proper plantar digital) The femoral nerve, the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, arises from the dorsal divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. ...
The anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve consist of the following nerves: intermediate cutaneous nerve and medial cutaneous nerve. ...
The Saphenous Nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. ...
In human anatomy, the Sacral plexus refers to the nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs. ...
The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve that runs down the lower limb. ...
The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve), about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves. ...
The lateral sural cutaneous nerve (lateral cutaneous branch) supplies the skin on the posterior and lateral surfaces of the leg. ...
The Deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal nerve) begins at the bifurcation of the common peroneal nerve, between the fibula and upper part of the Fibularis (Peronæus) longus, passes infero-medially, deep to Extensor digitorum longus, to the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane, and comes into relation with the...
The Superficial Fibular/Peroneal Nerve (musculocutaneous nerve of the leg) innervates the Peronei longus and brevis and the skin over the greater part of the dorsum of the foot. ...
The medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (internal dorsal cutaneous branch) passes in front of the ankle-joint, and divides into two dorsal digital branches, one of which supplies the medial side of the great toe, the other, the adjacent side of the second and third toes. ...
The intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (external dorsal cutaneous branch), the smaller, passes along the lateral part of the dorsum of the foot, and divides into dorsal digital branches, which supply the contiguous sides of the third and fourth, and of the fourth and fifth toes. ...
The Tibial Nerve The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. ...
The medial sural cutaneous nerve descends between the two heads of the Gastrocnemius, and, about the middle of the back of the leg, pierces the deep fascia, and unites with the anastomotic ramus of the common peroneal to form the sural nerve. ...
The medial calcaneal branches of the tibial nerve (internal calcaneal branches) perforate the laciniate ligament, and supply the skin of the heel and medial side of the sole of the foot. ...
The medial plantar nerve (internal plantar nerve), the larger of the two terminal divisions of the tibial nerve, accompanies the medial plantar artery. ...
The Lateral Plantar Nerve (external plantar nerve) supplies the skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as most of the deep muscles, its distribution being similar to that of the ulnar nerve in the hand. ...
sural: lateral dorsal cutaneous - lateral calcaneal | | other | muscular: superior gluteal/inferior gluteal - lateral rotator group (to quadratus femoris, to obturator internus, to the piriformis)
cutaneous: posterior cutaneous of thigh (inferior cluneal, perineal branches) - perforating cutaneous | | | coccygeal plexus (S4-Co) | pudendal: inferior anal - perineal (deep, posterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀) - dorsal of the penis ♂/clitoris ♀
anococcygeal | | cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs | The sural nerve (short saphenous nerve), formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. ...
The superior gluteal nerve is a nerve that originates in the pelvis which supplies the gluteus medius, the gluteus minimus, and the tensor fasciae latae muscles. ...
The Superior Gluteal Nerve () arises from the dorsal divisions of the fourth and fifth lumbar and first sacral nerves: it leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen above the Piriformis, accompanied by the superior gluteal vessels, and divides into a superior and an inferior branch. ...
The Lateral rotator group are a group of muscles of the hip consisting of the externus obturator, the internus obturator, the piriformis, the superior gemellus, the inferior gemellus, and the quadratus femoris. ...
The nerve to quadratus femoris is a nerve that provides innervation to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles. ...
The nerve to obturator internus is a nerve that innervates the obturator internus and gemellus superior muscles. ...
The nerve to piriformis is a nerve that innervates the piriformis muscle. ...
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve) provides innervation to the skin of the posterior surface of the thigh and leg, as well as to the skin of the perineum. ...
The inferior clunial nerves innervate the skin of the lower part of the buttocks. ...
The perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve are distributed to the skin at the upper and medial side of the thigh. ...
The Perforating Cutaneous Nerve usually arises from the posterior surface of the second and third sacral nerves. ...
The coccygeal plexus is a plexus of nerves near the coccyx bone. ...
The pudendal nerve is responsible for orgasm, urination, and defecation in both sexes. ...
The Inferior rectal nerves (inferior anal nerves, inferior hemorrhoidal nerve) occasionally arises directly from the sacral plexus; it crosses the ischiorectal fossa, with the inferior hemorrhoidal vessels, toward the anal canal and the lower end of the rectum, and is distributed to the Sphincter ani externus and to the integument...
The perineal nerve is a nerve arising from the pudendal nerve that supplies the perineum. ...
The posterior scrotal (or labial) branches; superficial peroneal nerves) are two in number, medial and lateral. ...
The dorsal nerve of the penis is the deepest division of the pudendal nerve; it accompanies the internal pudendal artery along the ramus of the ischium; it then runs forward along the margin of the inferior ramus of the pubis, between the superior and inferior layers of the fascia of...
The dorsal nerve of the clitoris is a nerve in females that branches off the pudendal nerve to innervate the clitoris. ...
Anococcygeal Nerves: The fifth sacral nerve receives a communicating filament from the fourth, and unites with the coccygeal nerve to form the coccygeal plexus. ...
Foot. ...
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