Neural tube
Transverse section of half of a chick embryo of forty-five hours' incubation. The dorsal (back) surface of the embryo is towards the top of this page, while the ventral (front) surface is towards the bottom. (Neural tube is in green.)
Chick embryo of thirty-three hours' incubation, viewed from the dorsal aspect (30x magnification).
Gray's	subject #7 50
Carnegie stage	10
Precursor	Neural groove
Gives rise to	Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
Dorlands/Elsevier	t_21/12827267

In the developing vertebrate nervous system, the neural tube is the precursor of the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. Image File history File links Image19. ... Download high resolution version (379x652, 61 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Embryo Wikipedia:Grays Anatomy images with missing articles 1 Categories: Public domain images ... In embryology, Carnegie stages are a standardized system of 23 stages used to provide a unified developmental chronology of the embryo. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Between the neural folds is a shallow median groove, the neural groove. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ... Elseviers logo. ... The nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and also stops input from the senses, and initiates actions. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ... Between the neural folds is a shallow median groove, the neural groove. ... The human vermiform appendix is a vestigial structure: it no longer retains its original function. ...

Development

There are two ways in which the neural tube develops: Primary neurulation and Secondary neurulation. Neurulation is a part of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos. ... Neurulation is a part of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos. ...

• In primary neurulation, the cells of the neural plate invaginate and pinch off to form the tube.

• In secondary neurulation, the cells of the neural plate form a cord-like structure that migrates inside the embryo and hollows to form the tube.

Each organism uses primary and secondary neurulation to varying degrees. The neural plate is thick and flat bundle of ectoderm which develops in the embryo into the nervous system. ...

• Neurulation in fish proceeds only via the secondary form.

• In avian species the caudal regions of the tube develop using secondary neurulation and the anterior regions develop by primary neurulation.

• In mammals, a similar pattern is observed where secondary neurulation begins around the 35th somite.

A giant grouper at the Georgia Aquarium Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are typically cold-blooded; covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. ... The word Avian can refer to different things: .. Most commonly it is used referring to the class of animals named birds. Avians are a fantasy race in several fantasy settings. ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... In the developing vertebrate embryo, somites are masses of mesoderm distributed along the two sides of the neural tube and that will eventually become dermis (dermatome), skeletal muscle (myotome), and vertebrae (sclerotome). ...

Structure

There are four subdivisions of the neural tube that will each eventually develop into distinct regions of the central nervous system: The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon, the rhombencephalon and the spinal cord. In the anatomy of vertebrates, the prosencephalon is a part of encephalon, or brain. ... In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) is the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube that forms the brain of developing animals. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ...

• The prosencephalon further goes on to develop into the telencephalon (the forebrain or cerebrum) and the diencephalon (the optic vesicles and hypothalamus).
• The mesencephalon develops into the midbrain.
• The rhombencephalon develops into the metencephalon (the pons and cerebellum) and the myelencephalon (the medulla oblongata).

The neural tube, for a short time is open both cranially and caudally. These openings, called neuropores, close during the fourth week in the human. Improper closure of the neuropores can result in neural tube defects such as anencephaly or spina bifida. The telencephalon (te-len-seff-a-lon) is the technical name for a large region within the brain which is attributed many functions, which some groups would class as unique features which make humans stand out from other species. ... For other articles about other subjects named brain see brain (disambiguation). ... The diencephalon is the region of the brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. ... The eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula from the lateral aspects of the forebrain. ... The hypothalamus (from Greek ὑποθαλαμος = under the thalamus) is a region of the mammalian brain located below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate certain metabolic processes and other autonomic activities. ... In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) is the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube that forms the brain of developing animals. ... The metencephalon is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system. ... Position of the pons in the human brain The pons (sometimes pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio) is a knob on the brain stem. ... Figure 1a: A human brain, with the cerebellum in purple. ... The myelencephalon is a developmental categorization of a portion of the central nervous system. ... The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem. ... It has been suggested that Human Anatomical Terms be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Human Anatomical Terms be merged into this article or section. ... The neural tube is the embryonal structure that gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. ... Anencephaly is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day of pregnancy, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. ...

The dorsal part of the neural tube contains the alar plate, which is primarily associated with sensation. The ventral part of the neural tube contains the basal plate, which is primarily associated with motor (ie, muscle) control. In anatomy, the dorsum is the upper or back side of an animal, as opposed to the ventrum. ... The alar plate (or alar lamina) is a neural structure in the embryonic nervous system, part of the dorsal side of neural tube, that involves the communication of general somatic and general visceral sensory impulses. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sensation and perception psychology. ... In zootomy, several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ... In anatomy, basal plate may refer to: the portion of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans; see Basal plate (neural tube) the portion of the decidua basalis in the placenta; see Basal plate (placenta) the fused parachordal cartilages that give rise to the occipital bone In botany, the... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muscular system. ...

See also

• Neural tube defects

The neural tube is the embryonal structure that gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. ...

External links

• Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) iperiodembry/carnegie03
• Embryology at UNSW Notes/week3_5
• Diagram at embryology.med.unsw.edu.au
• Diagram at brainviews.com

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... University of Lausanne, museum and library The University of Lausanne (in French: Université de Lausanne) or UNIL in Lausanne, Switzerland was founded in 1537 as a school of theology, before being made a university in 1890. ... University of Berne The University of Berne is a university in the Swiss capital of Berne. ... University of Fribourg, main building (Photo: Norbert Aepli) The University of Fribourg (French: Université de Fribourg; German: Universität Freiburg) is a university in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland. ... The University of New South Wales or UNSW is a university situated in Kensington, a suburb in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... An illustration from the 1918 edition Henry Grays Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly known as Grays Anatomy, is an anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on human anatomy. ...