|
Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (April 15, 1907 – December 21, 1988) was a Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals. Image File history File links Nikolass_Tinbergen. ...
April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ...
1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Arms of The Hague Flag of The city of The Hague. ...
December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ...
Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ...
Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour (particularly of social animals such as primates and canids), and is a branch of zoology. ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
Leiden University, located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. ...
Dr. Clinton Richard Dawkins (born March 26, 1941) is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist and popular science writer who holds the Charles Simonyi Chair for the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford University. ...
Image File history File links Nobel. ...
Nobel Prize medal. ...
April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ...
1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior considered as a branch of zoology. ...
Ornithology (from the Greek ornitha = chicken and logos = word/science) is the branch of biology concerned with the scientific study of birds. ...
1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ...
List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ...
Karl von Frisch 1961 Karl Ritter von Frisch (1886-1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973 with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. ...
Lorenz being followed by his imprinted geese Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (November 7, 1903 in Vienna â February 27, 1989 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, animal psychologist, and ornithologist. ...
Animalia redirects here. ...
Origins
Born in The Hague, Netherlands, he is also noted as the brother of Jan Tinbergen, who won the first Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. He had a third eminent brother, Luuk Tinbergen. Arms of The Hague Flag of The city of The Hague. ...
Jan Tinbergen Jan Tinbergen (The Hague, April 12, 1903 â June 9, 1994 The Hague), Dutch economist, was awarded the first Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis...
The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (in Swedish Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne), is a prize awarded each year for outstanding intellectual contributions in the field of economics. ...
Luuk Tinbergen (c. ...
Tinbergen's interest in nature manifested itself when he was young. He studied biology at Leiden University and was a prisoner of war during World War II. Tinbergen's experience as a prisoner of the Nazis led to some friction with longtime intellectual collaborator Konrad Lorenz, and it was several years before the two reconciled. After the war, Tinbergen moved to England where he taught at the University of Oxford. Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology (from Greek Îìο meaning life and ÎoÎ³Î¿Ï meaning the study of) is the study of life. ...
Leiden University, located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. ...
Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000,000 Total dead: 50,000,000 Military dead: 8,000,000 Civilian dead: 4,000,000 Total dead 12,000,000 World War II (abbreviated WWII), or the Second World War, was a worldwide conflict...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
He married Elisabeth Rutten.
Contributions He is well known for originating the four questions he believed should be asked of any animal behaviour, which were: Proximate mechanisms: - 1. Causation: what are the stimuli that elicit the response, and how has it been modified by recent learning? How do behaviour and psyche "function" on the molecular, physiological, neuro-ethological, cognitive and social level, and what do the relations between the levels look like? (compare: Nicolai Hartmann: "The laws about the levels of complexity")
- 2. Development (Ontogeny): how does the behaviour change with age, and what early experiences are necessary for the behaviour to be shown? Which developmental steps (the ontogenesis follows an "inner plan") and which environmental factors play when / which role? (compare: Recapitulation theory)
Ultimate mechanisms: It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Nicolai Hartmann (February 20, 1882 â October 9, 1950) was a German philosopher. ...
Views of a Foetus in the Womb, Leonardo da Vinci, ca. ...
Ontogeny (also ontogenesis or morphogenesis) describes the origin and the development of an organism from the fertilized egg to its mature form. ...
The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, is a theory in biology which attempts to explain apparent similarities between humans and other animals. ...
- 3. Function (Adaptation): how does the behaviour impact on the animal's chances of survival and reproduction?
- 4. Evolution (Phylogeny): how does the behaviour compare with similar behaviour in related species, and how might it have arisen through the process of phylogeny? Why did structural associations (behaviour can be seen as a "time space structure") evolve in this manner and not otherwise?
In ethology and sociobiology causation and ontogeny are summarized as the "proximate mechanisms" and adaptation and phylogeny as the "ultimate mechanisms". They are still considered as the cornerstone of modern ethology, sociobiology and transdisciplinarity in Human Sciences. (For an expanded discussion, see animal behavior questions, which presents graphically the causal relationships among these explanations.) A biological adaptation is an anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioral trait of an organism that has evolved over a period of time by the process of natural selection such that it increases the expected long-term reproductive success of the organism. ...
Behavior or behaviour refers to the actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment. ...
This article is about evolution in biology. ...
In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e. ...
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ...
Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior considered as a branch of zoology. ...
Sociobiology is a synthesis of scientific disciplines that explains behaviour in all species by considering the evolutionary advantages of social behaviours. ...
This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ...
When asked questions of animal behavior such as why animals see, even grade school children can answer that vision helps animals find food and avoid danger. ...
References concerning the four questions: Lorenz, Konrad 1937: Biologische Fragestellungen in der Tierpsychologie (in English: Biological Questions in Animal Psychology). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 1: 24-32 Tinbergen, Niko 1963: On Aims and Methods in Ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 20: 410-433;
References - Hans Kruuk (2003) Niko's Nature: The Life of Niko Tinbergen and His Science of Animal Behaviour ISBN 0-19-851558-8
- Marian Stamp Dawkins (1991) The Tinbergen Legacy ISBN 0-412-39120-1
- Richard W. Burkhardt Jr. (2005) Patterns of Behavior : Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen, and the Founding of Ethology ISBN 0-226-08090-0
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
External links - Autobiography
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973: von Frisch, Lorenz and Tinbergen
- Diagram on The Four Areas of Biology
- Further Diagrams on The Four Areas of Biology (Documents No. 9, 10 and 11 in English)
| 1951: Theiler | 1952: Waksman | 1953: Krebs, Lipmann | 1954: Enders, Weller, Robbins | 1955: Theorell | 1956: Cournand, Forssmann, Richards | 1957: Bovet | 1958: Beadle, Tatum, Lederberg | 1959: Ochoa, Kornberg | 1960: Burnet, Medawar | 1961: Békésy | 1962: Crick, Watson, Wilkins | 1963: Eccles, Hodgkin, Huxley | 1964: Bloch, Lynen | 1965: Jacob, Lwoff, Monod | 1966: Rous, Huggins | 1967: Granit, Hartline, Wald | 1968: Holley, Khorana, Nirenberg | 1969: Delbrück, Hershey, Luria | 1970: Katz, Euler, Axelrod | 1971: Sutherland | 1972: Edelman, Porter | 1973: Frisch, Lorenz, Tinbergen | 1974: Claude, Duve, Palade | 1975: Baltimore, Dulbecco, Temin List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ...
Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ...
Max Theiler (January 30, 1899 â August 11, 1972) was a South African virologist, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951 for developing a vaccine for yellow fever. ...
Selman Waksman (1888-1973) Selman Waksman (1888-1973) on cover of Time magazine on November 07, 1949 Selman Abraham Waksman (July 22, 1888 â August 16, 1973) was a biochemist who is most famous for his research into organic substances and their decomposition, which in 1943 eventually led to the discovery...
Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (August 25, 1900 â November 22, 1981) was a German, later British medical doctor and biochemist. ...
Categories: Stub | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners ...
John Franklin Enders (February 10, 1887 – 1985) was an American medical scientist. ...
Dr. Thomas Huckle Weller (born June 15, 1915) was an American virologist. ...
Frederick Chapman Robbins (1916-2003) was a Nobel laureate in Medicine and Physiology in 1956 along with Enders and Weller. ...
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell (July 6, 1903 - August 15, 1982) was a Swedish scientist and Nobel Prize laureate in medicine. ...
Dr. André Frédéric Cournand (September 24, 1895 â February 19, 1988) was a physician and physiologist, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 along with Werner Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards for the development of cardiac catheterization. ...
Werner Forssmann, (August 29, 1904-June 1, 1979) was a physician from Eberswalde, Germany. ...
Dr. Dickinson Woodruff Richards Jr (October 30, 1895 - February 23, 1973) was an American physician and physiologist. ...
Daniel Bovet (March 23, 1907 â April 8, 1992) was a Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist who won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of drugs that block the actions of specific neurotransmitters. ...
Beadle won a Nobel Prize in 1958 George Wells Beadle (October 22, 1903 â June 9, 1989) was an American scientist in the field of genetics. ...
Tatum won the Nobel Prize for his work in genetics Edward Lawrie Tatum (December 14, 1909 â November 5, 1975) was an American geneticist. ...
Joshua Lederberg speaking at a conference in 1997 Joshua Lederberg (born May 23, 1925) is an American molecular biologist who is known for his work in genetics, artificial intelligence, and space exploration. ...
Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (September 24, 1905 â November 1, 1993) was a Spanish-American biochemist, and the recipient of the 1959 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. ...
Arthur Kornberg Arthur Kornberg (born March 3, 1918), won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid together with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University. ...
Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet (born September 3, 1899 in Traralgon, Victoria; died August 31, 1985) was an Australian biologist. ...
Sir Peter Brian Medawar (February 28, 1915 â October 2, 1987) was a Brazilian-born English scientist best known for his work on how the immune system rejects or accepts organ transplants. ...
Békésy won a Nobel Prize in 1961 for his research on the workings of the inner ear. ...
Francis Harry Compton Crick OM (8 June 1916 â 28 July 2004) was an English physicist, molecular biologist and neuroscientist, most noted for being one of the co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953. ...
James Dewey Watson KBE(Hon) ForMemRS (born April 6, 1928) is an American scientist, best known as one of the four discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Sir John Carew Eccles (January 27, 1903 â May 2, 1997) was an Australian neurophysiologist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse. ...
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin photo: taken 1963 Nobel prize photo Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, OM, KBE, FRS (February 5, 1914 â December 20, 1998) was a British physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with Andrew Fielding Huxley on the basis of nerve...
Andrew Huxley at Trinity College, Cambridge, July 2005 Family tree Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley, OM, FRS (born 22 November 1917, Hampstead, London) is an English physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with Alan Lloyd Hodgkin on the basis of nerve...
Konrad Emil Bloch (January 21, 1912 - October 15, 2000) was a German-American biochemist. ...
Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen (6 April 1911 â 6 August 1979) was a German biochemist. ...
François Jacob (June 17, 1920 Nancy, France -- ) is a French biologist, who together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells happens through feedback on transcription. ...
Andre Michael Lwoff (1902 - 1994) was a French microbiologist. ...
Jacques Lucien Monod (February 9, 1910 â May 31, 1976) was a French biologist and a Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine in 1965. ...
Francis Peyton Rous (October 5, 1879, Texas â February 16, 1970, New York City) was an American pathologist whose discovery of cancer-inducing viruses earned him a share of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1966. ...
Dr. Charles Breton Huggins (September 22, 1901 â January 12, 1997) was a Canadian-born American physician and physiologist and cancer researcher at the University of Chicago specialising in prostate cancer. ...
Ragnar Arthur Granit (October 30, 1900, Helsinki, Finland - March 12, 1991, Stockholm, Sweden) was a Finnish scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967, along with Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald. ...
Haldan Keffer Hartline (December 22, 1903 - March 17, 1983) was an American physiologist who was a cowinner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of vision. ...
George Wald (November 18, 1906âApril 12, 1997) was an American scientist who is best known for his work with pigments in the retina. ...
Robert W. Holley, the structure of a tRNA is shown in the background Dr Robert W. Holley (January 28, 1922 - February 11, 1993) was an American biochemist, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 for describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and...
Har Gobind Khorana (born January 9, 1922) is of Punjabi origin, a Nobel Prize laureate and a molecular biologist. ...
Marshall Nirenberg Marshall Warren Nirenberg (born April 10, 1927) is a U.S. biochemist and geneticist. ...
Max Delbrück (September 4, 1906 - March 9, 1981) was a German biologist. ...
Alfred Day Hershey (December 4, 1908 â May 22, 1997) was an American Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist. ...
Salvador Edward Luria (August 13, 1912 â February 6, 1991) was an American microbiologist whose pioneering work on phages helped open up molecular biology. ...
Sir Bernard Katz (March 26, 1911 - April 20, 2003) was a German-born biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve biochemistry. ...
Ulf von Euler, a Nobel laureat Ulf Svante von Euler (February 7, 1905 â March 9, 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. ...
Julius Axelrod won a Nobel Prize in 1970 Julius Axelrod (May 30, 1912 – December 29, 2004) was an influential American biochemist. ...
Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. ...
Gerald Maurice Edelman (born July 1, 1929) is a biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1972 for his work on the immune system. ...
Rodney Robert Porter (1917 - 1985): Born on the 8th of October in 1917 in Lancashire, England, Rodney Robert Porter received his Bachelors of Sciences--with Honours--from the University of Liverpool in 1939 for Biochemistry, going on to receive his Ph. ...
Karl von Frisch 1961 Karl Ritter von Frisch (1886-1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973 with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. ...
Lorenz being followed by his imprinted geese Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (November 7, 1903 in Vienna â February 27, 1989 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, animal psychologist, and ornithologist. ...
Albert Claude (August 24, 1899 â May 22, 1983) was a Belgian biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974. ...
Christian de Duve (born October 2, 1917) is a biochemist. ...
Dr. Palade won the Nobel Prize in 1974. ...
David Baltimore (b. ...
Renato Dulbecco (born February 22, 1914) is an Italian-born virologist. ...
Howard Martin Temin (December 10, 1934 â February 9, 1994) was a U.S. geneticist. ...
Complete List | Laureates (1901-1925) | Laureates (1926-1950) | Laureates (1976-2000) | Laureates (2001- ) | |