NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nobel Prize for Chemistry

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1900s**
Year	Name	Topics
1901	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff	"for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"
1902	Hermann Emil Fischer	"for his work on sugar and purine syntheses"
1903	Svante August Arrhenius	"for his electrolytic theory of dissociation (see ion)"
1904	Sir William Ramsay	"for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air"
1905	Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer	"for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
1906	Henri Moissan	"for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric furnace named after him" See:Moissan electric furnace
1907	Eduard Buchner	"for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"
1908	Sir Ernest Rutherford	"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
1909	Wilhelm Ostwald	"his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"

1910s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1910s**
Year	Name	Topics
1910	Otto Wallach	"for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds"
1911	Marie Sklodowska-Curie	"for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her study of radium"
1912	Victor Grignard,	"for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent"
1912	Paul Sabatier	"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds"
1913	Alfred Werner	"for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules"
1914	Theodore William Richards	"for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements"
1915	Richard Martin Willst�tter	"for his research on plant pigments"
1918	Fritz Haber	"for his synthesis of ammonia"

1920s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1920s**
Year	Name	Topics
1920	Walther Hermann Nernst	"for his work in thermochemistry"
1921	Frederick Soddy	"for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes"
1922	Francis William Aston	"for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule"
1923	Fritz Pregl	"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"
1925	Richard Adolf Zsigmondy	"for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used"
1926	Theodor Svedberg	"for his work on disperse systems"
1927	Heinrich Otto Wieland	"for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances"
1928	Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus	"for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins"
1929	Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin	"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"

1930s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1930s**
Year	Name	Topics
1930	Hans Fischer	"for his research into haemin and chlorophyll"
1931	Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius	"for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods"
1932	Irving Langmuir	"for his work in surface chemistry"
1934	Harold Clayton Urey	"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
1935	Fr�d�ric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie	"for their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
1936	Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye	"for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
1937	Walter Norman Haworth	"for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C"
1937	Paul Karrer	"for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
1938	Richard Kuhn	"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"
1939	Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt	"for his work on sex hormones"
1939	Leopold Ruzicka	"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"

1940s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1940s**
Year	Name	Topics
1943	George de Hevesy	"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes"
1944	Otto Hahn	"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
1945	Artturi Ilmari Virtanen	"for his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry"
1946	James Batcheller Sumner	"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"
1946	John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley	"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
1947	Sir Robert Robinson	"for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids"
1948	Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius	"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis"
1949	William Francis Giauque	"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics"

1950s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1950s**
Year	Name	Topics
1950	Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder	"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction."
1951	Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg	"for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"
1952	Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge	"for their invention of partition chromatography"
1953	Hermann Staudinger	"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
1954	Linus Carl Pauling	"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond"
1955	Vincent du Vigneaud	"for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
1956	Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov (Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов)	"for their research into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
1957	Sir Alexander Todd	"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
1958	Frederick Sanger	"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin"
1959	Jaroslav Heyrovsk�	"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"

1960s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1960s**
Year	Name	Topics
1960	Willard Frank Libby	"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination"
1961	Melvin Calvin	"for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
1962	Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew	"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
1963	Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta	"for their discoveries relating to high polymers"
1964	Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
1965	Robert Burns Woodward	"for his achievements in organic synthesis"
1966	Robert Sanderson Mulliken	"for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules"
1967	Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter	"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions"
1968	Lars Onsager	"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name"
1969	Derek Harold Richard Barton, Odd Hassel	"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation"

1970s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1970s**
Year	Name	Topics
1970	Luis F. Leloir	"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
1971	Gerhard Herzberg	"for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"
1972	Christian B. Anfinsen	"for his work on ribonuclease"
1972	Stanford Moore, William H. Stein	"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule"
1973	Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson	"for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds"
1974	Paul J. Flory	"for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules"
1975	John Warcup Cornforth	"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"
1975	Vladimir Prelog	"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
1976	William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.	"for his studies on the structure of Boranes"
1977	Ilya Prigogine	"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics"
1978	Peter D. Mitchell	"for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
1979	Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig	"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis"

1980s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1980s**
Year	Name	Topics
1980	Paul Berg	"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
1980	Walter Gilbert,Frederick Sanger	"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
1981	Kenichi Fukui (福井謙一), Roald Hoffmann	"for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions"
1982	Aaron Klug	"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy"
1983	Henry Taube	"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions"
1984	Robert Bruce Merrifield	"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
1985	Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle	"for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
1986	Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee (李遠哲), John C. Polanyi	"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
1987	Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen	"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
1988	Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel	"for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
1989	Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech	"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"

1990s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1990s**
Year	Name	Topics
1990	Elias James Corey	"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
1991	Richard R. Ernst	"for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
1992	Rudolph A. Marcus	"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
1993	Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith	"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry"
1994	George A. Olah	"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
1995	Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland	"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, in particular ozone depletion"
1996	Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley	"for their discovery of fullerenes"
1997	Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker	"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate"
1997	Jens C. Skou	"for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+K+-ATPase"
1998	Walter Kohn	"for his development of the density functional theory"
1998	John A. Pople	"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"
1999	Ahmed H. Zewail	"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"

2000s

**Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2000s**
Year	Name	Topics
2000	Alan J. Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (白川英樹)	"for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"
2001	William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori (野依良治)	"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
2001	K. Barry Sharpless	"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
2002	Kurt W�thrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka (田中耕一)	"for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules"
2003	Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon	"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes"
2004	Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose	"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"

External links

http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/index.html
Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners (http://www.nobel-winners.com/Chemistry/)
Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry (http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/chemistry)

Nobel Prizes

Chemistry | Literature | Physiology or Medicine | Peace | Physics

Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel

Categories: Chemistry | History of science | Nobel Prize

Results from FactBites:

Winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1794 words)
	The prize was awarded for pioneering contributions in developing methods that can be used for theoretical studies of the properties of molecules and the chemical processes in which they are involved.
	The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.
	, née Marie Sklodowska, in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.

The Nobel Prize - A guide to the Nobel Prizes (397 words)
	The Nobel Prize (pronounced no-BELL) is awarded annually to people who have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society.
	The first ceremony to award the Nobel Prizes in literature, physics, chemistry, and medicine was held at the Old Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm in 1901; since 1902, the prizes have been formally awarded by the King of Sweden.
	The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiology or medical works by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm, and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting.

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