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List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day.
1900s - 1910s - 1920s - 1930s - 1940s - 1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s - 2000s
1900s
1910s
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1950s Year Name Topics 1950 Edward Calvin Kendall , Tadeus Reichstein , Philip Showalter Hench "for the discovery of the hormones of the adrenal cortex , their structure and function" 1951 Max Theiler "for developing a vaccine for yellow fever " 1952 Selman Abraham Waksman "for discovering the first antibiotic effective against streptomycin " 1953 Hans Adolf Krebs "for the discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration " Fritz Albert Lipmann "for discovery and research on coenzyme A " 1954 John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , Frederick Chapman Robbins "for showing how to cultivate poliomyelitis viruses in the test tube" 1955 Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell "for research on enzymes and their actions, especially oxydizing enzymes" 1956 André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann , Dickinson W. Richards "for showing how to insert a catheter into the heart and studying various heart diseases" 1957 Daniel Bovet "for discovering synthetic drugs such as antihistamines that block the action of biological amines " 1958 George Wells Beadle , Edward Lawrie Tatum , Joshua Lederberg "for showing that genes control individual steps in metabolism " 1959 Severo Ochoa , Arthur Kornberg "for the synthesis of the nucleic acids RNA and DNA "
1960s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1960s Year Name Topics 1960 Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet , Peter Brian Medawar "for the discovery that the immune system of the fetus learns how to distinguish between self and non-self" 1961 Georg von Békésy "for elucidating the cochlea of the ear " 1962 Francis Harry Compton Crick , James Dewey Watson , Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins "for discovering the molecular structure of DNA " 1963 Sir John Carew Eccles , Alan Lloyd Hodgkin , Andrew Fielding Huxley "for describing the electric transmission of impulses along nerves " 1964 Konrad Bloch , Feodor Lynen "for research on cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism " 1965 François Jacob, André Lwoff , Jacques Monod "for discovering messenger RNA , ribosomes , and the genes controlling the expression of other genes" 1966 Peyton Rous "for the discovery of viruses that induce tumours " Charles Brenton Huggins "for the discovery of the treatment of prostate cancer with hormones " 1967 Ragnar Granit , Haldan Keffer Hartline , George Wald "for describing the different types of light-sensitive cells in the eye and how light interacts with them" 1968 Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana , Marshall W. Nirenberg "for describing the genetic code and how it operates in protein synthesis " 1969 Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey , Salvador E. Luria "for work on the replication mechanicsm and genetics of viruses "
1970s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1970s Year Name Topics 1970 Sir Bernard Katz , Ulf von Euler , Julius Axelrod "for work on neurotransmitters " 1971 Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. "for discovery of the action of hormones , especially epinephrine , via second messengers " 1972 Gerald M. Edelman , Rodney R. Porter "for discovering the chemical structure of antibodies " 1973 Karl von Frisch , Konrad Lorenz , Nikolaas Tinbergen "for the study of social animal behavior, especially the explanation of the "dance language" of bees and how young birds become fixated on their mother" 1974 Albert Claude, Christian de Duve , George E. Palade "for describing the structure and function of organelles in biological cells" 1975 David Baltimore , Renato Dulbecco , Howard Martin Temin "for describing how tumor viruses act on the genetic material of the cell" 1976 Baruch S. Blumberg "for the discovery of hepatitis B virus" D. Carleton Gajdusek "for describing the disease kuru caused by cannibalism " 1977 Roger Guillemin , Andrew V. Schally "for work on peptide hormones produced in the brain " Rosalyn Yalow "for creating the Yalow-Berson method to measure minute amounts of peptide hormones using antibodies " 1978 Werner Arber , Daniel Nathans , Hamilton O. Smith"for the discovery of restriction enzymes which are instrumental in molecular biology " 1979 Allan M. Cormack , Godfrey N. Hounsfield "for developing computer assisted tomography "
1980s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1980s Year Name Topics 1980 Baruj Benacerraf , Jean Dausset , George D. Snell "for discovery of the Major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface molecules important for the immune system's distinction between self and non-self" 1981 Roger W. Sperry "for research on the cerebral hemispheres " David H. Hubel , Torsten N. Wiesel "for work on the processing of visual information in the brain " 1982 Sune Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson , John R. Vane "for the discovery of prostaglandins " 1983 Barbara McClintock "for discovery of mobile genetic elements or transposons in maize " 1984 Niels K. Jerne , Georges J.F. Köhler , César Milstein"for work on the immune system and the production of monoclonal antibodies " 1985 Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein "for describing the regulation of cholesterol metabolism " 1986 Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini "for discovering growth factors " 1987 Susumu Tonegawa (利根川進)"for discovering how the large diversity of antibodies is produced genetically" 1988 Sir James W. Black "for the development of beta blockers and histamine-2 receptor blocker" Gertrude B. Elion "for the development of drugs used in the treatment of cancer and the suppression of transplantation rejection" George H. Hitchings "for the development of various antibiotics " 1989 J. Michael Bishop , Harold E. Varmus "for discovering the cellular origins of retroviral oncogenes "
1990s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1990s Year Name Topics 1990 Joseph E. Murray , E. Donnall Thomas "for work on organ and cell transplantation " 1991 Erwin Neher , Bert Sakmann "for developing techniques which show that ion channels exist in the cell membrane and which allow to study their properties" 1992 Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs "for discovering how phosphorylation of proteins is used to regulate biological processes" 1993 Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp "for the discovery that genes in eukaryotes are not contiguous strings but contain introns , and that the splicing of messenger RNA to delete those introns can occur in different ways, yielding different proteins from the same DNA sequence" 1994 Alfred G. Gilman , Martin Rodbell "for the discovery of G proteins and their role in signal transduction in cells" 1995 Edward B. Lewis , Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus "for the discovery of the genes involved in the developmental program of the fruit fly , the homeobox genes" 1996 Peter C. Doherty , Rolf M. Zinkernagel "for describing how MHC molecules are used by white blood cells to detect and kill virus -infected cells." 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner "for the discovery of prions , infectious protein particles" 1998 Robert F. Furchgott , Louis J. Ignarro , Ferid Murad "for discovery of the signalling properties of nitric oxide " 1999 Günter Blobel "for the discovery that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell"
2000s
External links http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/index.html Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine (http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/medicine )
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