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Of Pandas and People: The Central Question of Biological Origins is a controversial 1989 (2nd edition 1993) school-level textbook written by Percival Davis and Dean H. Kenyon and published by the Texas-based Foundation for Thought and Ethics (FTE). It espouses the idea of intelligent design (ID)—namely that life shows evidence of being designed by an intelligent agent (i.e. God; see creationism). Intelligent design is considered to be pseudoscience [1] by the scientific community,[2] primarily because it invokes supernatural powers, makes no predictions, and cannot be verified through repeatable experiments.[3] The book presents various polemical arguments against the scientific theory of evolution. Image File history File links This image is of a book cover, and the copyright for it is most likely owned by the publisher of the book. ...
Image File history File links This image is of a book cover, and the copyright for it is most likely owned by the publisher of the book. ...
Percival William Davis is an American author and activist in the intelligent design movement. ...
Dean H. Kenyon is Professor Emeritus of Biology at San Francisco State University and author of a controversial textbook on intelligent design. ...
A publisher is a person or entity which engages in the act of publishing. ...
The Foundation for Thought and Ethics (FTE) is a non-profit organization based in Richardson, Texas that publishes textbooks and articles promoting intelligent design, abstinence, and Christian nationism. ...
ISBN redirects here. ...
This is a list of controversial non-fiction books aimed at the general reader which discuss controversial issues, or are (or were at the time of writing) controversial for other reasons. ...
Three textbooks. ...
Percival William Davis is an American author and activist in the intelligent design movement. ...
Dean H. Kenyon is Professor Emeritus of Biology at San Francisco State University and author of a controversial textbook on intelligent design. ...
For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ...
The Foundation for Thought and Ethics (FTE) is a non-profit organization based in Richardson, Texas that publishes textbooks and articles promoting intelligent design, abstinence, and Christian nationism. ...
For other uses, see Intelligent design (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ...
Creationism is a religious belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the universe were created in their original form by a deity or deities (often the Abrahamic God of Judaism, Christianity and Islam), whose existence is presupposed. ...
A typical 18th century phrenology chart. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Polemic is the art or practice of disputation or controversy, as in religious, philosophical, or political matters. ...
In mathematics, theory is used informally to refer to a body of knowledge about mathematics. ...
This article is about evolution in biology. ...
Overview The book argues that the origin of new organisms is "in an immaterial cause: in a blueprint, a plan, a pattern, devised by an intelligent agent." The text is non-committal on the age of the Earth, commenting that some "take the view that the earth's history can be compressed into a framework of thousands of years, while others adhere to the standard old earth chronology." The book raises a number of objections to the theory of evolution, such as the alleged lack of transitional fossils, gaps in the fossil record and the apparent sudden appearance ex nihilo of "already intact fish with fins and scales, birds with feathers, beaks, and wings, etc." The book makes no reference to the identity of the intelligent designer. A transitional fossil or transitional form is the fossilized remains of a life form that illustrates an evolutionary transition. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Fossil. ...
An intelligent designer, also referred to as an intelligent agent, is the entity that the intelligent design movement argues had some role in the origin and/or development of life and who supposedly has left scientific evidence of this intelligent design. ...
The title Of Pandas and People is a reference to a scientific controversy about the giant panda. The panda was once thought to have a "thumb," which is in fact an evolved sesamoid bone. Panda Bear redirects here. ...
In anatomy, a sesamoid bone is a bone embedded within a tendon. ...
Editions There are currently two editions of the book, the 1989 first edition edited by Charles Thaxton, and the 1993 second edition, which included a "Note to Teachers" by Mark D. Hartwig and Stephen C. Meyer. A forthcoming third edition is to be retitled The Design of Life. Jon Buell, the president of the Foundation for Thought and Ethics, said that the ruling in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District that intelligent design was religious would make the textbook "radioactive" in public schools and would be "catastrophic" for the marketability of both the present (second) edition and the forthcoming third edition, citing possible losses of around US$500,000. The renaming of the book is viewed by some as way of mitigating this and at the same time distancing the book from past controversy. Charles Thaxton, Ph. ...
Stephen C. Meyer. ...
The Design of Life: Discovering Signs of Biological Systems is the proposed title of the upcoming third edition of a controversial school-level biology textbook that espouses the idea of intelligent design by presenting various arguments against the scientific theory of evolution. ...
The Foundation for Thought and Ethics (FTE) is a non-profit organization based in Richardson, Texas that publishes textbooks and articles promoting intelligent design, abstinence, and Christian nationism. ...
Tammy Kitzmiller, et al. ...
Origins and publication The book is published by the Foundation for Thought and Ethics (FTE), a non-profit organization founded by ordained minister Jon Buell in Richardson, Texas in 1980 as a tax-exempt charitable and educational organization, with articles of incorporation which stated that its purpose includes "proclaiming, publishing, preaching [and] teaching…the Christian Gospel and understanding of the Bible and the light it sheds on the academic and social issues of the day". In the original Internal Revenue Service tax exemption submission Buell described the foundation as a "Christian think-tank", and stated that the organization's first activity would be the editing of a book "showing the scientific evidence for creation". [4] The Foundation for Thought and Ethics (FTE) is a non-profit organization based in Richardson, Texas that publishes textbooks and articles promoting intelligent design, abstinence, and Christian nationism. ...
Nickname: Location within Dallas County and the state of Texas County Dallas County Collin County Government - City Manager Bill Keffler Area - City 74. ...
For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ...
Seal of the Internal Revenue Service Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Part of the Taxation series IRS redirects here. ...
Creation Biology In 1981, the FTE advertised in a creationist newspaper, seeking authors for a textbook that would be "sensitively written to present both evolution and creation". [5] Their first production was Unlocking the secrets:The Mystery of Life's Origin by creationist chemist Charles Thaxton, Walter L. Bradley and Roger L. Olsen.[6] Thaxton approached Dean H. Kenyon to write the foreword, and when Mystery was ready to go to the printers late in 1982 work began on the textbook, co-authored by Kenyon and Percival Davis with Thaxton as editor.[7] AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ...
Charles Thaxton, Ph. ...
Dean H. Kenyon is Professor Emeritus of Biology at San Francisco State University and author of a controversial textbook on intelligent design. ...
Percival William Davis is an American author and activist in the intelligent design movement. ...
A draft dated 1983 was entitled Creation Biology Textbook Supplements, and was stated in the language of creationism,[8] including the following statement:
The basic metabolic pathways of nearly all organisms are the same. Is this because of descent from a common ancestor, or because only these pathways (and their variations) can sustain life? Evolutionists think the former is correct; creationists because of all the evidence discussed in this book, conclude the latter is correct.[9] A 1986 draft with the title Biology and Creation included a similar statement, and defined "creation" using the classic creationist concept of "abrupt appearance":[5] Creation means that the various forms of life began abruptly through the agency of an intelligent creator with their distinctive features already intact. Fish with fins and scales, birds with feathers, beaks, and wings, etc.[8] A 1987 draft entitled Biology and Origins made only minor grammatical alterations to these statements.[8][9] The FTE sought a publisher for the book, sending a Boston firm a prospectus which indicated that the draft had been sent to school districts for testing as well as to prospective publishers.[10] In the prospectus Buell stated that a "new independent scientific poll... shows almost half of the nation's biology teachers include some creation in their view of biological origins. Many more who don't still believe it should be included in science curriculum.", and enclosed projections showing expected revenue of over $6.5 million in five years based upon "modest expectations for the market." If creationist teaching in schools was explicitly permitted by the Supreme Court of the United States in the Louisiana "Balanced Treatment Act" case that was then ongoing, the FTE's founder Jon Buell wrote that "you can throw out these projections, the nationwide market would be explosive!" [11][12] The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS[1]) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ...
Holding Teaching creationism in public schools is unconstitutional because it attempts to advance a particular religion. ...
Pandas and "cdesign proponentsists" The Louisiana "Balanced Treatment Act" case — Edwards v. Aguillard — was decided by the Supreme Court in 1987. The court determined that teaching creationism in public schools violated the Establishment Clause of the United States constitution, but that alternative scientific theories could be taught. While the decision ruled out any return to teaching traditional Young Earth creationism in science classes, it did offer an opening for those willing to recast creationist doctrine in the language of science. Holding Teaching creationism in public schools is unconstitutional because it attempts to advance a particular religion. ...
The first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. ...
Wikisource has original text related to this article: The United States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ...
In mathematics, theory is used informally to refer to a body of knowledge about mathematics. ...
Adam and Eve, the first human beings according to Genesis. ...
In 1987 a further draft of the book was produced with the new title Of Pandas and People, which still had the definition "creation means that various forms of life began abruptly", [8] and used the term "creationists":
The basic metabolic pathways (reaction chains) of nearly all organisms are the same. Is this because of descent from a common ancestor, or because only these pathways (and their variations) can sustain life? Evolutionists think the former is correct, creationists accept the latter view.[9] The outcome of the case prompted significant editorial changes to the book. Charles Thaxton had presented an affidavit to the court in which he defined "creation science" as meaning "origin through abrupt appearance in complex form", which did "not include as essential parts... catastrophism, a world-wide flood, a recent inception of the earth or life,... the concept of kinds, or any concepts from Genesis or other religious texts",[13] but this argument was rejected so he needed a new term and found it in a phrase he'd picked up from a NASA scientist – intelligent design. He thought "That’s just what I need, it’s a good engineering term….. it seemed to jibe... And I went back through my old copies of Science magazine and found the term used occasionally."[7] In a new draft of Pandas, approximately 150 uses of the root word "creation", such as "creationism" and "creationist", were systematically changed to refer to intelligent design,[14] The definition remained essentially the same, with "intelligent design" substituted for "creation", and "intelligent creator" changed to "intelligent agency": Charles Thaxton, Ph. ...
Creation science is the attempt to find scientific evidence that would justify a literal interpretation of the Biblical account of creation. ...
Intelligent design means that various forms of life began abruptly through an intelligent agency, with their distinctive features already intact. Fish with fins and scales, birds with feathers, beaks, wings, etc.[8] The term "creationists" was changed to "design proponents", but in one case the beginning and end of the original word "creationists" were accidentally retained, so that "creationists" became "cdesign proponentsists"[sic] .[10] For other uses, see SIC. Sic is a Latin word, originally sicut [1] meaning thus, so, or just as that. In writing, it is placed within square brackets and usually italicized — [sic] — to indicate that an incorrect or unusual spelling, phrase, punctuation, and/or other preceding quoted material has been...
The basic metabolic pathways (reaction chains) of nearly all organisms are the same. Is this because of descent from a common ancestor, or because only these pathways (and their variations) can sustain life? Evolutionists think the former is correct, cdesign proponentsists accept the latter view.[9] FTE founder Jon Buell claims that the word creationism was a "placeholder term" whose definition "changed to include a religious context after the draft was written, so the writers changed the word." [15] However, the proof that intelligent design was creationism re-labeled played a significant part in the Kitzmiller trial, and "cdesign proponentsists" has been described as "the missing link between creationism and intelligent design." [16] Tammy Kitzmiller, et al. ...
Publication and promotion Of Pandas and People was published in 1989 by "Haughton Publishing Co." This was the assumed name of a Mesquite, Texas printing firm, Horticultural Printers, Inc., which mainly served the agricultural industry and had no other books in print, nor any in-house writers or science advisors.[4] (It should not be confused with the well-known children's and school textbook publisher, Houghton Mifflin). Printing costs were met by donations to the FTE, whose members were told in a December 1988 fundraising letter that donors would receive an enameled box with a panda on the lid as a gift. The box would "become a pleasant reminder to pray for our work", as Buell put it. [12] Mesquite is a suburb of Dallas, Texas, located in Dallas County and Kaufman County, Texas. ...
Houghton Mifflin Company is a leading educational publisher in the United States. ...
Following the book's publication in 1989, the FTE embarked on a lengthy campaign to get the book into use in schools across the United States. Previous creationist efforts to dilute or overturn the teaching of evolutionary theory had relied largely on a "top-down" approach of pro-creationist legislators passing laws to regulate science education in schools. However, these had repeatedly failed to survive court challenges. The FTE took a "bottom-up" approach instead, mobilizing local Christian conservative groups to push school boards and individual teachers to adopt the book and also to get themselves elected to school boards and local educational committees.
Buell told supporters: [12]
| “ | Biology teachers are generally easy to contact, available for a meeting on short notice, and receptive. If you would like to be a part of this 'quiet army', please let us know right away. Those choosing not to enlist may wish to support those who do by their prayers. | ” | The FTE provided publicity materials to its supporters to assist them in promoting the adoption of the book. These included a video of testimonials by pro-ID scientists and a promotional script, including "lines to take" on contentious issues.
For instance, on the controversial issue of ID's perceived overlap with religion, the FTE's suggested response read:[12]
| “ | I agree that personal beliefs should not be taught in science classrooms, but intelligent design is not a personal belief; it is accepted science, a view that is held by many highly qualified scientists. | ” | The FTE was aided in this effort by "traditional" creationist organizations such as the Institute for Creation Research, which sells Of Pandas and People through its own online shop and catalogue. The book was explicitly marketed by retailers as a creationist work; in the 2005 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District case, donated copies of the book were accompanied by a catalog which listed Pandas under "creation science".[17] The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a biblical research institute based in Santee, California that focuses on constructing and teaching a Young Earth Creationist world-view. ...
Criticisms Many of the book's arguments are identical to those raised by creationists, which have been dismissed by mainstream scientists.[18] In fact, a comparison of an early draft of Of Pandas and People to a later 1987 copy showed how in hundreds of instances the word "creationism" had been replaced by "intelligent design", and "creationist" simply replaced by "intelligent design proponent".[19]
Scientific and education professional groups have strongly criticized Of Pandas and People and have opposed its use in schools. Science educator Gerald Skoog described it as "a vehicle to advance sectarian tenets and not to improve science education" and said "This book has no potential to improve science education and student understanding of the natural world."[20]
A review[21] of Of Pandas and People by paleontologist Kevin Padian of the University of California at Berkeley for the National Center for Science Education's Bookwatch Reviews in 1989 called the book a "wholesale distortion of modern biology", and says that FTE's writers had misrepresented such topics as the Cambrian explosion, the history of birds, and the concept of homology. Padian described the treatment of homology in Of Pandas and People as "shameful", citing: Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, ancient; ontos, being; and logos, knowledge) is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. ...
The NCSEs logo The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a non-profit organization affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. ...
The Cambrian explosion is the geologically kukko sudden appearance in the fossil record of the ancestors of familiar animals, starting about 542 million years ago (Mya). ...
Paleornithology is the scientific study of bird evolution and fossil birds. ...
In biology, homology is any similarity between structures that is due to their shared ancestry. ...
| “ | They pretend that the Tasmanian wolf, a marsupial, would be placed (classified) with the placental wolf if evolutionists were not so hung up on the single character of their reproductive mode by which marsupials and placentals are traditionally separated. This is a complete falsehood, as anyone with access to the evidence knows. It is not a matter of a single reproductive character, but dozens of characters in the skull, teeth, post-cranial bones (including the marsupial pelvic bones), soft anatomy, and biochemistry, to say nothing of their respective fossil records, that separate the two mammals. About the closest similarity they have going for them is that they are both called "wolf" in English. The same criticism can be applied seriatim to the authors' mystifying discussion of the red and giant "pandas". | ” | Padian's conclusion was: "It is hard to say what is worst in this book: the misconceptions of its sub-text, the intolerance for honest science, or the incompetence with which science is presented. In any case, teachers should be warned against using this book." [22] Binomial name (Harris, 1808) The Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) was the largest known carnivorous marsupial of modern times. ...
Controversies The FTE's activist approach has produced heated controversies in several US states as Christian conservatives and school boards sought to adopt Of Pandas and People in public schools, against the opposition of mainstream scientists, educators and civil liberties organizations. This has caused several notable controversies, culminating in the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District case in Pennsylvania in which the contents and antecedents of the book came under unprecedented scrutiny. Tammy Kitzmiller, et al. ...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
1989 - 1993 In Alabama, 11,800 people signed a petition which was presented to Alabama's school textbook committee, endorsing intelligent design and urging the adoption of Of Pandas and People as a class textbook.[12] In January 1990 the book was withdrawn from consideration by its publishers, the Haughton Publishing Co., who said that they "backed off because they weren't given [the] chance to defend [the] book."[23] This article is about the U.S. State. ...
By 1990, a public campaign was mounted in Idaho to urge the state school board to adopt Of Pandas and People. However, the book was rejected by the board. This article is about the year. ...
For other uses, see Idaho (disambiguation). ...
In March 1990, the school board in Pinellas County, Florida rejected an appeal by a retired minister "to adopt the textbook Of Pandas and People that would offer a creationist's view". [24] For other uses, see March (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the year. ...
Pinellas County is a county located in the state of Florida. ...
This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ...
In January 1993, right-wing members of the school board of Vista, California sought to include Of Pandas and People in the school science curriculum. A teachers' committee voted unanimously to reject the book saying it lacked scientific merit. [25] The board eventually backed away from plans to require creation science to be taught in science classes. [26] Location of Vista within San Diego County, California. ...
Creation science is the attempt to find scientific evidence that would justify a literal interpretation of the Biblical account of creation. ...
1994 - 1998 In September 1994, residents of Louisville, Ohio voted 121-2 to urge the local school board to adopt Of Pandas and People. [12] Creationism had been taught openly in district schools until a lawsuit forced a change of policy in 1993; in the wake of the decision, the district was given 150 copies of the book. [27] Louisville is a city located in Stark County, Ohio. ...
In October 1994, school officials in St. Lucie County, Florida distributed copies of the book to every high school and one middle school in the county to be reviewed by teachers and principals for use as a possible supplement for science classes. The response from teachers was negative but county school officials still planned to distribute the books to school libraries so teachers and students could use it as a resource. According to the local Civic, Business and Ministry Coalition, copies of the book were purchased by the Coalition from the Institute for Creation Research in San Diego, California and were sent to school administrators on the grounds that it was "a good, science-based text appropriate for school children". The Coalition was reported to have met administrators on several occasions to promote creation science. However, the county school board did not find out about the matter until January 1995. [28] For other uses, see October (disambiguation). ...
Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...
St. ...
The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a biblical research institute based in Santee, California that focuses on constructing and teaching a Young Earth Creationist world-view. ...
San Diego redirects here. ...
The Wall Street Journal reported in November that according to the Foundation for Thought and Ethics, 22,500 copies of the book had been printed and teachers and curriculum buyers in 48 states had bought it. Fifteen school districts had ordered quantities large enough to indicate classroom use, but had not been identified "for fear of embroiling them in controversy". [12]
In January 1995, conservative members of the Plano, Texas school trust proposed to adopt Of Pandas and People as a supplement to the existing curriculum course materials.[29] The district school board unanimously voted to bar the book's acquisition following an outcry from local residents, many of whom attended the board's meeting wearing buttons with a red "X" over a panda.[30] Two of the proponents of the book subsequently lost their seats on the Plano school board.[31] Nickname: Location within the state of Texas Coordinates: , County Government - Mayor Pat Evans Area - City 185. ...
In a 1996 Time magazine article it was reported that "school boards in Washington State and Ohio" were considering whether to adopt Of Pandas and People as a school textbook. [32] TIME redirects here. ...
In April 1997, the school board of Chesapeake, Virginia purchased copies of the book for the libraries of each of the district's 15 high schools and middle schools. The acquisition was made on the recommendation of School Superintendent W. Randolph Nichols, but the board stated that the book was intended for use "as a resource book, not as a science book" and that it was not endorsing creationism. [33] Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Founded 1963 Government - Mayor Dalton S. Edge Area - City 350. ...
1999 - 2003 In June 1999, the school district in Burlington, Washington approved a local science teacher's proposal to use extracts from Of Pandas and People in the classroom "so long as he balances it with enough support for teachings on evolution which he always included in his courses but about which he says he has doubts - especially in terms of the origin of the human race". The decision followed an earlier demand by the American Civil Liberties Union, that the teacher, Roger DeHart, should cease his years-long practice of teaching intelligent design in his classes. He stated that he needed to counterbalance the inclusion of information that was "at best wrong and at worst fraudulent" in the standard pro-evolution textbooks used in Burlington schools. [34] Burlington is a city in Skagit County, Washington, United States. ...
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an American organization consisting of two separate entities: the ACLU Foundation, a non-profit organization that focuses on litigation and communication efforts, and the American Civil Liberties Union which focuses on legislative lobbying and does not have non-profit status. ...
Another attempt to introduce Of Pandas and People into Idaho schools was reported to have been rejected by the state textbook committee. [35]
In March 2000, the science curriculum director of Kanawha County, West Virginia school district selected Of Pandas and People as a textbook "that presents Darwin's Theory of Evolution as theory, not fact" following pressure from the local community and teachers. A committee of science teachers unanimously voted to purchase copies of the book, but ultimately decided to abandon the idea for fear of litigation. A Christian conservative legal group, the Thomas More Law Center, offered to represent the county for free if any litigation arose but its offer was rejected.[36] A proposal to buy the book for school libraries was eventually rejected by the school board, though a conservative member of the board pledged to pay for at least 14 copies out of her own pocket.[37] Kanawha County is a county located in the state of West Virginia. ...
The Thomas More Law Center is a conservative Christian, not-for-profit law center based in Ann Arbor, Michigan and active throughout the United States. ...
In Pratt, Kansas, the local school board voted to remove any mention of macroevolution, the age of the Earth, and the origin of the Universe from science curriculum, but rejected a bid to adopt Of Pandas and People for educational purposes. Pratt is a city located in Pratt County, Kansas. ...
Macroevolution refers to evolution that occurs at or above the level of species, in contrast with microevolution, which refers to smaller evolutionary changes (typically described as changes in allele frequencies) within a species or population. ...
Earth as seen from Apollo 17 Modern geologists consider the age of the Earth to be around 4. ...
This article is about the physics subject. ...
2004 - 2005: Dover, Pennsylvania - Main article: Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
Of Pandas and People became the focus of a litigation and controversy in Dover, Pennsylvania in 2004 after the Christian conservative–dominated Dover Area School Board endorsed it as a reference book. Perhaps inevitably, the ensuing court case was dubbed the "Panda Trial" by the media in an allusion to the famous "Monkey Trial" of 1925. [38] Tammy Kitzmiller, et al. ...
Dover is a borough in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. ...
The Scopes Trial of 1925 pitted William Jennings Bryan against Clarence Darrow and teacher John T. Scopes in an American court case that tested a law passed on March 13, 1925, forbidding the teaching of evolution in Tennessee public schools. ...
Although the board did not actually purchase the book, 50 copies were donated to the district by an anonymous party. It was revealed in court that a school board member asked his church for donations for the purchase of those books [39] although that board member had denied all knowledge of the source of donation in an earlier deposition. [40] Amid an international controversy, the board also became the first in the US to promote the teaching of ID in the classroom, sparking a lawsuit, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, by the American Civil Liberties Union and other plaintiffs. Tammy Kitzmiller, et al. ...
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an American organization consisting of two separate entities: the ACLU Foundation, a non-profit organization that focuses on litigation and communication efforts, and the American Civil Liberties Union which focuses on legislative lobbying and does not have non-profit status. ...
The FTE became involved in the Dover controversy when it became clear that Of Pandas and People would be a major focus of litigation. The foundation filed a motion to join the defending side in June 2005, arguing that a finding that intelligent design was religious would destroy FTE’s ability to market its textbooks within the district, and affect its ability to market the textbooks to any public school in the United States.[41] Had the motion been granted, the FTE would have become a co-defendant with the Dover Area School Board, and able to bring its own lawyers and expert witnesses to the case. However, William A. Dembski, co-author of the new Pandas edition, and the Discovery Institute withdrew from the case. The Judge told the defendants: "To me it looks like Mr. Dembski was dropped as an expert because he didn't want to produce, or because his employer didn't want to produce the manuscript [on subpoena to the court] of The Design of Life." [42] For other uses, see June (disambiguation). ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
William A. Dembski William Albert Bill Dembski (born July 18, 1960) is an American mathematician, philosopher, theologian and proponent of intelligent design in opposition to the theory of evolution through natural selection. ...
The Design of Life: Discovering Signs of Biological Systems is the proposed title of the upcoming third edition of a controversial school-level biology textbook that espouses the idea of intelligent design by presenting various arguments against the scientific theory of evolution. ...
In his decision on the motion, Judge John E. Jones III ruled that FTE was not entitled to intervene in the case because its motion to intervene was not timely, describing FTE's excuses for not trying to become involved earlier as "both unavailing and disingenuous". Judge Jones also held that FTE failed to demonstrate that it has "a significantly protectable interest in the litigation warranting intervention as a party" and that its interests will not be adequately represented by the defendants. John E. Jones III John Edward Jones III (born June 13, 1955) is an American lawyer, political figure, and jurist from the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ...
While FTE did not become a party Jon A. Buell, the director of FTE testified on July 14, 2005 at the Dover Trial. Buell denied having known about actions of the Thomas More Law Center to which the Judge said it "strains credulity".[42] is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Thomas More Law Center is a conservative Christian, not-for-profit law center based in Ann Arbor, Michigan and active throughout the United States. ...
In November 2005, eight of the nine members of the Dover school board were voted out of office and replaced with candidates who opposed the previous board's decision to introduce intelligent design and lay doubts on evolution. For other uses, see November (disambiguation). ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
On December 20, 2005, the US District Court ruled that intelligent design is not science and is essentially religious in nature and the board's requirement endorsing intelligent design as an alternative to evolution in science classes unconstitutional on the grounds that its inclusion violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. ...
“First Amendment†redirects here. ...
The judge in the Dover trial specifically referred to Pandas in his decision, stating:
| “ | As Plaintiffs meticulously and effectively presented to the Court, Pandas went through many drafts, several of which were completed prior to and some after the Supreme Court's decision in Edwards, which held that the Constitution forbids teaching creationism as science. By comparing the pre and post Edwards drafts of Pandas, three astonishing points emerge: (1) the definition for creation science in early drafts is identical to the definition of ID; (2) cognates of the word creation (creationism and creationist), which appeared approximately 150 times, were deliberately and systematically replaced with the phrase ID; and (3) the changes occurred shortly after the Supreme Court held that creation science is religious and cannot be taught in public school science classes in Edwards. This word substitution is telling, significant, and reveals that a purposeful change of words was effected without any corresponding change in content .... The weight of the evidence clearly demonstrates, as noted, that the systemic change from “creation” to “intelligent design” occurred sometime in 1987, after the Supreme Court’s important Edwards decision. | ” | | —Judge John E. Jones III, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District[43] John E. Jones III John Edward Jones III (born June 13, 1955) is an American lawyer, political figure, and jurist from the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ...
| The newly elected board unanimously rescinded the policy on January 3, 2006. is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
2006 attempt to declare Pandas the "Banned Book of the Year" - See also: Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns
In September 2006, John West, a senior fellow of the Discovery Institute began a campaign to have the American Library Association declare the book the "Banned Book of the Year",[44] but this was dismissed by Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Deputy Director of the American Library Association's Office for Intellectual Freedom: as the book was not removed from school libraries (and its inclusion was only formally challenged once, for "inaccuracy") it does not qualify as "banned".[45] Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns are a series of related public relations campaigns conducted by the Discovery Institute which seek to promote intelligent design while discrediting evolutionary biology, which the Institute terms Darwinism. ...
The Discovery Institute is a think tank based in Seattle, Washington best known for its advocacy of intelligent design and its Teach the Controversy campaign to teach creationist beliefs in United States public high school science courses. ...
ALA Logo The American Library Association (ALA) is a group based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. ...
ALA Logo The American Library Association (ALA) is a group based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. ...
2007 The Design of Life -
The third edition of Of Pandas and People, retitled The Design of Life, was released November 19, 2007. It was authored by William A. Dembski and Jonathan Wells. A 2004 announcement from publisher Foundation for Thought and Ethics listed the authors as: Michael J. Behe, Percival Davis, Dean H. Kenyon, Dembski, and Wells. In testimony in the 2005 Kitzmiller v. Dover trial, Behe stated that he was not at that time an author of The Design of Life[46]. The Design of Life: Discovering Signs of Biological Systems is the proposed title of the upcoming third edition of a controversial school-level biology textbook that espouses the idea of intelligent design by presenting various arguments against the scientific theory of evolution. ...
The Design of Life: Discovering Signs of Biological Systems is the proposed title of the upcoming third edition of a controversial school-level biology textbook that espouses the idea of intelligent design by presenting various arguments against the scientific theory of evolution. ...
William A. Dembski William Albert Bill Dembski (born July 18, 1960) is an American mathematician, philosopher, theologian and proponent of intelligent design in opposition to the theory of evolution through natural selection. ...
This article is about the intelligent design advocate. ...
Michael Behe Professor Michael J. Behe (born 1952) is an American biochemist and intelligent design advocate. ...
Percival William Davis is an American author and activist in the intelligent design movement. ...
Dean H. Kenyon is Professor Emeritus of Biology at San Francisco State University and author of a controversial textbook on intelligent design. ...
Further Reading Creationisms Trojan Horse: The Wedge of Intelligent Design[1] is a 2004 book by Barbara Forrest and Paul R. Gross on the origins of intelligent design, specifically the Discovery Institutes Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture and its wedge strategy. ...
References - ^ National Science Teachers Association, a professional association of 55,000 science teachers and administrators in a 2005 press release: "We stand with the nation's leading scientific organizations and scientists, including Dr. John Marburger, the president's top science advisor, in stating that intelligent design is not science.…It is simply not fair to present pseudoscience to students in the science classroom." National Science Teachers Association Disappointed About Intelligent Design Comments Made by President Bush National Science Teachers Association Press Release August 3, 2005
- ^ See: 1) List of scientific societies rejecting intelligent design 2) Kitzmiller v. Dover page 83. The Discovery Institute's Dissent From Darwin Petition has been signed by about 500 scientists. The AAAS, the largest association of scientists in the U.S., has 120,000 members, and firmly rejects ID. More than 70,000 Australian scientists and educators condemn teaching of intelligent design in school science classes. List of statements from scientific professional organizations on the status intelligent design and other forms of creationism.
- ^ "Intelligent design not science: experts", The Sydney Morning Herald, October 21, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-05-17.
- ^ a b John A. Thomas (1990). NCSE Resource. The Foundation for Thought and Ethics. National Center for Science Education. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
- ^ a b Barbara Forrest (2006). NCSE Resource -- My Role in Kitzmiller v Dover. National Center for Science Education. Retrieved on 2007-11-14.
- ^ Darksyde (2006). Daily Kos: Know Your Creationists: Know Your Allies. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
- ^ a b Jonathan Witt (December 20, 2005). Evolution News & Views: Dover Judge Regurgitates Mythological History of Intelligent Design. Discovery Institute. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
- ^ a b c d e Kitzmiller v. Dover: Day 6, AM: Barbara Forrest (continued). Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
- ^ a b c d Nick Matzke (2006). Evolution Education and the Law - Blog Archive - Missing Link discovered!. National Center for Science Education. Retrieved on 2007-11-14.
- ^ a b Nick Matzke (2006). NCSE Resource -- 9.0. Matzke (2006): The Story of the Pandas Drafts. National Center for Science Education. Retrieved on 2007-11-14.
- ^ Jon Buell (1987). NCSE Resource. Marketing letter from FTE to prospective publishers. National Center for Science Education. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g Darwinian Struggle: Instead of Evolution, A Textbook Proposes `Intelligent Design' --- Who Did the Designing, It Doesn't Say". Wall Street Journal, 14 November 1994
- ^ Edwards v. Aguillard: Dean Kenyon's Affidavit. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
- ^ Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, 04 cv 2688 (December 20, 2005)., pp. 31 – 33.
- ^ Wesley R. Elsberry (September 24, 2005). Of Pandas and People: Creation Relabeled - The Panda's Thumb. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
- ^ NOVA : Transcripts : Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial : PBS. PBS (November 13, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
- ^ "Witness dissects district's words." York Daily Record, 13 October 2005
- ^ Resources
- ^ Book thrown at proponents of Intelligent Design - opinion - 06 October 2005 - New Scientist
- ^ NCSE Resource
- ^ Gross Misrepresentation Kevin Padian. Bookwatch Reviews: Candid Appraisals of Science Textbooks Volume 2, Number 11, 1989 National Center for Science Education
- ^ NCSE Resource
- ^ "News - Alabama." USA Today, 9 January 1990
- ^ "School Board rejects book on creationism." St. Petersburg Times, 15 March 1990
- ^ "District debates evolution." Las Vegas Review-Journal, 15 May 1993
- ^ "Justices' Reach Extends to Biology Lessons; Ruling on Teaching Creationism Has Quieted Battle as Schools Drop Subject to Avoid Lawsuits." Washington Post, 2 October 1993
- ^ "Right stokes new creationist row." Independent On Sunday, London. 30 July 1995
- ^ "Evangelism meetings not known to Fla. officials." New Orleans Times-Picayune, 22 January 1995
- ^ "Science book creating dissent Plano considering text that foes criticize as dogma; backers say it balances evolution", Dallas Morning News, 12 January 1995
- ^ "Trustees kill plan to buy divisive book: Plano biology teachers won't receive copies." Dallas Morning News, 8 February 1995
- ^ "`Religious Right' Reversed In Most Targeted School Board Races." Associated Press Political Service, 20 June 1995
- ^ "Dumping on Darwin." Time Magazine, 18 March 1996
- ^ "Creationism creates dilemma in Chesapeake." Virginian-Pilot and Ledger-Star, Norfolk, VA, 22 April 1997
- ^ "Use of creationist text approved in Burlington." Associated Press Newswires, 14 June 1999
- ^ "Teachers tiptoe around evolution." Cincinnati Enquirer, 13 December 1999
- ^ "Group abandons 'creation' textbook - Federal ruling on 'intelligent design' changes minds of science teachers. Charleston Gazette, 4 April 2000
- ^ "School board won't buy anti-evolution textbook." Charleston Gazette, 16 June 2000
- ^ "Of Behe and mammary glands." York Daily Record, 20 October 2005
- ^ Former school board member `misspoke' in advocating creationism
- ^ deposition (pp 57-58)
- ^ O:JonesNeiburgDover Area School DistrictMotion to Intervene.wpd
- ^ a b Pre-Trial transcript: July 14, Part 2, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
- ^ Ruling - context, pg. 32 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District.
- ^ Banned Book of the Year: Of Pandas and People
- ^ The "banning" of Pandas - A final (I hope) update
- ^ Testimony (day 11, pm), Kitzmiller v. Dover
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The NCSEs logo The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a non-profit organization affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. ...
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The NCSEs logo The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a non-profit organization affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. ...
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The NCSEs logo The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a non-profit organization affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. ...
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Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
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