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The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist attack on April 19, 1995 aimed at the U.S. government in which the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was bombed in an office complex in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The attack claimed 168 lives and left over 800 injured. Until the September 11, 2001 attacks, it was the deadliest act of terrorism on U.S. soil.[1] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 408 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1880 × 2760 pixel, file size: 2. ...
Alfred P. Murrah building four days before its demolition Alfred P. Murrah building during demolition Aerial view of Alfred P. Murrah building after bombing The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States Federal Government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ...
Alfred P. Murrah building four days before its demolition Alfred P. Murrah building during demolition Aerial view of Alfred P. Murrah building after bombing The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States Federal Government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ...
Nickname: Location in Oklahoma County and the state of Oklahoma. ...
is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...
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For other uses, see Car bomb (disambiguation). ...
For the Navy sailor, see Timothy R. McVeigh. ...
Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, April 19, 1995), which claimed 168 lives. ...
Michael Fortier (born 1968) and Lori Fortier, his wife, were accomplices in the Oklahoma City bombing and key informants in the trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. ...
The following is a timeline of acts and failed attempts that can be considered non-state terrorism. ...
is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...
This article is about the federal government of the United States. ...
Alfred P. Murrah building four days before its demolition Alfred P. Murrah building during demolition Aerial view of Alfred P. Murrah building after bombing The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States Federal Government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ...
Nickname: Location in Oklahoma County and the state of Oklahoma. ...
A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...
Terrorist redirects here. ...
Shortly after the explosion, Oklahoma Highway Patrol officer Charlie Hanger stopped 26-year-old Timothy McVeigh for driving without a license plate and unlawfully carrying a weapon.[2] Within days after the bombing, Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols were both arrested for their roles in the bombing. Investigators determined that McVeigh and Nichols were sympathizers of an anti-government militia movement and that their motive was to avenge the government's handling of the Waco and Ruby Ridge incidents (the bombing occurred on the anniversary of the Waco incident). McVeigh was executed by lethal injection on June 11, 2001. Nichols was sentenced to life in prison. A third conspirator, Michael Fortier, who testified against McVeigh and Nichols, was sentenced to twelve years in prison for failing to warn the U.S. government. As with other large scale terrorist attacks, conspiracy theories dispute the official claims and point to additional perpetrators involved. For the Navy sailor, see Timothy R. McVeigh. ...
Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, April 19, 1995), which claimed 168 lives. ...
The role of militia, also known as civilian military service and duty, in the United States is complex and has transformed over time. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Combatants ATF, FBI, U.S. Army Branch Davidians Commanders Assault: Phil Chojnacki Siege: Many David Koresh†Strength Assault: 75 ATF agents Siege: Hundreds of federal agents and soldiers 50+ men, 75+ women and children Casualties 4 dead, 21 wounded in assault 6 dead and 3+ wounded in assault, 79 dead...
Ruby Ridge refers to a violent confrontation and siege involving Randy Weaver, his family, Weavers friend Kevin Harris, federal agents from the United States Marshals Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. ...
This article is about the execution and euthanasia method. ...
is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...
Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime, nominally for the entire remaining life of the prisoner, but in fact for a period which varies between jurisdictions: many countries have a maximum possible period of time (usually 50 years) a prisoner may be incarcerated, or require the...
Michael Fortier (born 1968) and Lori Fortier, his wife, were accomplices in the Oklahoma City bombing and key informants in the trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. ...
A conspiracy theory is a theory that defies common historical or current understanding of events, under the claim that those events are the result of manipulations by two or more individuals or various secretive powers or conspiracies. ...
The attacks led to widespread rescue efforts from local, state, and federal and worldwide agencies, along with considerable donations from across the country. As a result of the destruction of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, the U.S. government passed legislation designed to increase protection around federal buildings and to thwart future terrorist attacks. Under these measures, law enforcement has since foiled over fifty domestic terrorism plots.[3] On April 19, 2000, the Oklahoma City National Memorial was dedicated on the site of the Murrah Federal Building to commemorate the victims of the bombing and annual remembrance services are held at the time of the explosion. Legislation (or statutory law) is law which has been promulgated (or enacted) by a legislature or other governing body. ...
is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...
The Oklahoma City National Memorial is the largest memorial of its kind in the United States. ...
Terror
Prelude On April 15, 1995 Timothy McVeigh rented a Ryder truck in Junction City, Kansas under the alias Robert D. Kling.[4][5] On April 16, he drove to Oklahoma City with fellow conspirator Terry Nichols where he parked a getaway vehicle several blocks away from the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. After removing the license plate from the car, the two men returned to Kansas. On April 17 and April 18, the men loaded 108 fifty-pound (22 kg) bags of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, three fifty-five gallon (208 l) drums of liquid nitromethane, several crates of explosive Tovex sausage, seventeen bags of ANFO, and spools of shock tube and cannon fuse into the truck. The two then drove to Geary County State Lake where they mixed the chemicals together using plastic buckets and a bathroom scale. McVeigh then added a dual-fuse ignition system that he could access through the truck's front cab. McVeigh also included more explosives on the driver's side of the cargo bay, which he could ignite with his Glock pistol if the primary fuses failed. After finishing the construction of the truck-bomb, the two men separated. Nichols returned to Herington, Kansas; McVeigh drove the truck to Oklahoma City. is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...
For the Navy sailor, see Timothy R. McVeigh. ...
Ryder NYSE: R is a popular truck rental and leasing company for companies distribution and supply chain efforts. ...
Junction City is a city in Geary County, Kansas, United States. ...
is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, April 19, 1995), which claimed 168 lives. ...
Alfred P. Murrah building four days before its demolition Alfred P. Murrah building during demolition Aerial view of Alfred P. Murrah building after bombing The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States Federal Government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ...
is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Related Compounds Other anions Ammonium nitrite; ammonium perchlorate Other cations Sodium nitrate; potassium nitrate; hydroxylammonium nitrate Related compounds Nitrous oxide Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references The chemical compound ammonium nitrate, the nitrate of...
Spreading manure, an organic fertilizer Fertilizers (also spelled fertilisers) are compounds given to plants to promote growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for uptake through leaves. ...
Flash point 35 °C R/S statement R: S: RTECS number PA9800000 Related compounds Related nitro compounds nitroethane Related compounds methyl nitrite methyl nitrate Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Nitromethane is an organic...
Tovex is a water gel explosive that has several advantages over traditonal dynamite. ...
ANFO stands for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (most often diesel fuel, sometimes kerosene or even molasses). ...
An idealized shock tube. ...
In an explosive, pyrotechnic device or military munition, a fuse (or fuze) is the part of the device that initiates function. ...
The Glock 21 is a pistol manufactured by Glock. ...
 A security photo from a nearby building showing the Ryder truck approaching the Murrah Federal building. At dawn on April 19, as he drove toward the Murrah Federal building, McVeigh carried with him an envelope whose contents included pages from The Turner Diaries, a fictional account of modern-day revolutionary activists who rise up against the government and create a full scale race war. He wore a printed T-shirt with the slogan Sic semper tyrannis ("Thus ever to tyrants", the phrase shouted by John Wilkes Booth immediately after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln) and "The tree of liberty must be refreshed time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants" (from Thomas Jefferson). As the truck approached the building, at 8:57 a.m. CST, McVeigh lit the five-minute fuse. Three minutes later, still a block away, he lit the two-minute fuse. He parked the Ryder truck in a drop-off zone situated under the building's day care center, locked the vehicle, and headed to his getaway vehicle.[6] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Turner Diaries is a 1978 novel by Dr. William Luther Pierce (under the pseudonym Andrew Macdonald), the late leader of the National Alliance, a white separatist organization. ...
Great Seal of Virginia with the state motto. ...
John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 – April 26, 1865) assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Fords Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865. ...
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln From left to right: Major Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Mary Todd Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln, and John Wilkes Booth. ...
For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ...
Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...
Bombing At 9:02 a.m. CST, the Ryder truck, containing about 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitromethane, and diesel fuel mixture, detonated in front of the north side of the nine-story Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.[7][8] The blast destroyed a third of the building[9] and created a thirty-foot (9 m) wide, eight-foot (2.4 m) deep crater on NW 5th Street next to the building.[10] The blast destroyed or damaged 324 buildings in a sixteen-block radius,[11] destroyed or burned 86 cars around the site, and shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings[12] (the broken glass alone accounted for 5% of the death total and 69% of the injuries outside the Murrah Federal building).[13] The destruction of the buildings left several hundred people homeless and shut down multiple offices in downtown Oklahoma City.[14] Related Compounds Other anions Ammonium nitrite; ammonium perchlorate Other cations Sodium nitrate; potassium nitrate; hydroxylammonium nitrate Related compounds Nitrous oxide Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references The chemical compound ammonium nitrate, the nitrate of...
Flash point 35 °C R/S statement R: S: RTECS number PA9800000 Related compounds Related nitro compounds nitroethane Related compounds methyl nitrite methyl nitrate Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Nitromethane is an organic...
This article is about the fuel. ...
Alfred P. Murrah building four days before its demolition Alfred P. Murrah building during demolition Aerial view of Alfred P. Murrah building after bombing The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States Federal Government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ...
 An aerial view of the destruction The shaped charge effects of the blast were equivalent to over 4,000 lbs (1,814 kg) of TNT,[15] and could be heard and felt up to fifty-five miles (89 km) away.[14] Seismometers at the Omniplex Museum in Oklahoma City (4.3 miles/7 kilometers away) and in Norman, Oklahoma (16.1 miles/26 kilometers away) recorded the blast as measuring approximately 3.0 on the Richter scale.[16] Image File history File links Aerial view of Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building after bombing, 1995 Source: [1] URL: [2] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Aerial view of Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building after bombing, 1995 Source: [1] URL: [2] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Sectioned HEAT round with the inner shaped charge visible 1:Aerodynamic cover 2: Empty room 3: Conical liner 4: Detonator 5: Explosive 6: Piezo-electric sensor A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to focus the effect of the explosives energy. ...
R-phrases S-phrases Related Compounds Related compounds picric acid hexanitrobenzene Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)3CH3. ...
Seismometers is of Greek origin and comes from Seism - the shakes and Meteo - I measure are instruments that measure and record motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes, nuclear explosions, and other seismic sources. ...
The Omniplex Science Museum is a complex of museums in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ...
“Miles†redirects here. ...
“km†redirects here. ...
Norman, Oklahoma, is the county seat and largest city in Cleveland County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area. ...
The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude ML scale, assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake. ...
Arrests Within 90 minutes of the explosion, McVeigh was arrested.[17] He was traveling north out of Oklahoma City on Interstate 35 near Perry in Noble County, when an Oklahoma State Trooper stopped him for driving his yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis without a license plate. The arrest was for having a concealed weapon.[18] Later that day, McVeigh was linked to the bombing via the VIN number of an axle from the destroyed Ryder truck that had been rented under his alias name, Robert Kling.[19] After a court hearing on the gun charges, but before McVeigh was released, federal agents took him into custody as they continued their investigation into the bombing. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Interstate 35 Interstate 35 (abbreviated I-35) is a north–south interstate highway in the central United States. ...
Perry is a city in Noble County, Oklahoma, United States. ...
Noble County is a county located in the state of Oklahoma. ...
The Oklahoma Highway Patrol is a state law enforcement agency of the Government of Oklahoma. ...
Categories: Possible copyright violations ...
VIN redirects here. ...
An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. ...
Ryder NYSE: R is a popular truck rental and leasing company for companies distribution and supply chain efforts. ...
Federal agents then searched for Nichols, a friend of McVeigh. Two days after the bombing, Nichols learned that FBI investigators were looking for him, and he turned himself in. After a nine-hour interrogation, he was formally held in federal custody until his trial for involvement in the bombing.[20]
Ibrahim Ahmad, a Jordanian-American traveling from his home in Oklahoma City to visit family in Jordan was also arrested in what was described as an "initial dragnet". Due to his background, the media initially was concerned that Middle Eastern terrorists were behind the attack. Further investigation, however, cleared Ahmad in the bombing.[21]
Casualties  The Water Resources building three months after the bombing At the end of the day of the bombing, twenty people were confirmed dead, including six children, with over a hundred injured.[22] The toll eventually reached 168 confirmed dead, not including an unmatched leg that might be from a possible, unidentified 169th victim.[23] Of these, 160 were killed in the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, four people in the Athenian Building, one woman in a parking lot across the street, a man and woman in the Oklahoma Water Resources building, and a rescue worker struck in the head by debris.[14] The victims ranged in age from three months to seventy-three, not including unborn children of three pregnant women.[4][24] Nineteen of the victims were children, including fifteen who were in the America's Kids Day Care Center.[25] The bodies of all 168 victims were identified at a temporary morgue set up at the scene.[26] Twenty-four people, including sixteen specialists, used full-body X-rays, dental examinations, fingerprinting, blood tests, and DNA testing to identify the bodies.[4][26] The bomb injured 853 people with the majority of the injuries ranging from abrasions to severe burns and bone fractures.[27] In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz...
This article is about the dental profession. ...
This article is about human fingerprints. ...
Blood tests are laboratory tests done on blood to gain an appreciation of disease states and the function of organs. ...
Genetic fingerprinting, DNA testing, DNA typing, and DNA profiling are techniques used to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. Its invention by Dr. Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester was announced in 1985. ...
Abrasion on the palm of a right hand, shortly after falling Abrasions on elbow and lower arm, still healing. ...
For other uses, see Burn. ...
Internal and external views of an arm with a compound fracture, both before and after surgery A bone fracture is a medical condition in which a bone has cracked or broken. ...
Response and relief
Rescue efforts
 U.S. Air Force personnel and firefighters removing rubble in the rescue attempt At 9:03:25 a.m. CST, the first of over 1,800 9-1-1 calls related to the bombing was received by Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA).[28] Already by that time, however, EMSA ambulances and members of the police and firefighters, having heard the blast, were heading to the scene.[29] Nearby citizens, who had also witnessed or heard the blast, arrived to assist the victims and emergency workers.[9] Within 23 minutes of the bombing, the State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) was set up and included representatives of the state departments of public safety, human services, military, health, and education. Assisting the SEOC were agencies such as the National Weather Service, the Air Force, the Civil Air Patrol, and the American Red Cross.[30] Immediate assistance also came from 465 members of the Oklahoma National Guard, who arrived within the hour to provide security, and from members of the Department of Civil Emergency Management.[29] Within the first hour, fifty people were rescued from the Murrah Federal building.[31] Victims were sent to every hospital in the area. By the end of the day, 153 victims had been treated at St. Anthony Hospital, eight blocks from the blast, over 70 at Presbyterian, 41 at University, and 18 at Children's.[26] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 525 pixelsFull resolution (2902 × 1906 pixel, file size: 2. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 525 pixelsFull resolution (2902 × 1906 pixel, file size: 2. ...
This article is about the emergency telephone number. ...
The National Weather Service (NWS) is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States government. ...
“The U.S. Air Force†redirects here. ...
Civil Air Patrol Corporate seal The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF). ...
A WWII-era poster encouraged American women to volunteer for the Red Cross as part of the war effort. ...
It has been suggested that National Guard Bureau be merged into this article or section. ...
At 10:28 a.m. CST, rescuers found what they believed to be a second bomb. Some rescue workers initially refused to leave until police ordered a mandatory evacuation of a four-block area around the site.[28][26] However about 45 minutes later the device was determined to be a simulator used in training federal agents and bomb-sniffing dogs, and relief efforts were continued.[12][26] The last survivor, a fifteen-year-old girl found under the base of the collapsed building, was discovered at about 7:00 p.m. CST.[26]
In the days following the blast, over 12,000 people participated in relief and rescue operations. FEMA activated 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, comprising a team of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations.[30][32] In an effort to recover additional bodies, 100 to 350 tons of rubble were removed from the site each day until April 29.[26] Twenty-four K-9 units and out-of-state dogs were brought in to search for survivors and locate bodies amongst the building refuse.[12][33][26] FEMA redirects here. ...
A FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Task Force (US&R Task Force) is a team of individuals specializing in urban search and rescue, disaster recovery, and emergency triage and medicine. ...
is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Police dog getting ready to search a vehicle for drugs A policemans dog is a dog that is trained specifically to assist police and similar law-enforcement personnel with their work. ...
 Search and rescue teams work together to free trapped victims Rescue and recovery efforts were concluded at 11:50 p.m. on May 4, with the bodies of all but three victims recovered.[26] For safety reasons, the building was to be demolished shortly afterward. However, McVeigh's attorney, Stephen Jones, called for a motion to delay the demolition until the defense team could examine the site in preparation for the trial.[34] More than a month after the bombing, at 7:01 a.m. on May 23, the Murrah Federal building was demolished.[26] The final three bodies, those of two credit union employees and a customer, were recovered.[35] For several days after the building's demolition, trucks hauled 800 tons of debris a day away from the site. Some of the debris was used as evidence in the conspirators' trials, incorporated into parts of memorials, donated to local schools, and sold to raise funds for relief efforts.[36] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 528 pixelsFull resolution (2292 × 1512 pixel, file size: 3. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 528 pixelsFull resolution (2292 × 1512 pixel, file size: 3. ...
is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Stephen Jones is an attorney and Republican activist from Enid, Oklahoma. ...
A legal motion is a procedural device in law to bring a limited, contested matter before a court for decision. ...
is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The law of evidence governs the use of testimony (e. ...
 Alfred P. Murrah Building four days before its demolition. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 556 pixelsFull resolution (1140 × 792 pixel, file size: 128 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture of the Murrah Federal Building on May 19, 1995. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 556 pixelsFull resolution (1140 × 792 pixel, file size: 128 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture of the Murrah Federal Building on May 19, 1995. ...
Humanitarian aid The national humanitarian response was immediate and, in some cases, even overwhelming. Rescue workers received large amounts of donated goods such as wheelbarrows, bottled water, rain gear, and even football helmets.[37] The sheer number of donated goods caused logistical and inventory control problems until drop-off centers were set up to accept and sort the goods.[9] The Oklahoma Restaurant Association, which was holding a trade show in the city, assisted rescue workers by providing 15,000 to 20,000 meals over a ten-day period.[38] Requests for blood donations were met by local residents[22] and also from those around the nation.[39] Of the 9,000 units of blood donated to the victims, only 131 units were used, the rest saved in blood banks.[40] A common wheelbarrow Older wheelbarrow Wheelbarrows on the Belomorkanal A wheelbarrow is a small one-wheeled, hand-propelled vehicle, designed to be pushed and guided by a single person using two handles to the rear. ...
A 1. ...
Group of men drilling in football helmets A football helmet is a protective device used primarily in American football and Canadian football which was created by Paul Brown. ...
Give blood redirects here. ...
A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusions. ...
Federal and state government aid
 President Bill Clinton being told about the Oklahoma City bombing an hour after it occurred At 9:45 a.m. CST, Governor Frank Keating declared a state of emergency and ordered all non-essential workers located in the Oklahoma City area to be released from their duties for their safety.[9] President Bill Clinton learned about the bombing around 10:00 a.m. while he was meeting with Turkish Prime Minister Tansu Çiller at the White House.[22] At 4:00 p.m. CST, President Clinton declared a federal emergency in Oklahoma City[29] and spoke to the nation: Image File history File links Billclintonokcb. ...
Image File history File links Billclintonokcb. ...
Francis Anthony Frank Keating (February 10, 1944) is an American politician from Oklahoma. ...
For other uses, see State of emergency (disambiguation). ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...
William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ...
Tansu Çiller Tansu Penbe Çiller (IPA: (born 9 October 1946) is an economist and politician in Turkey. ...
| “ | The bombing in Oklahoma City was an attack on innocent children and defenseless citizens. It was an act of cowardice and it was evil. The United States will not tolerate it, and I will not allow the people of this country to be intimidated by evil cowards.[22] | ” | Four days later, on April 23, Clinton spoke from Oklahoma City. is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
There was no major federal financial assistance provided to the survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing, However, the Murrah Fund was established and collected over $300,000 from federal grants. Additionally, individuals around the country donated $15 million to aid the disaster relief and to compensate the victims.[30] Later, a committee chaired by Daniel J Kurtenbach of Goodwill Industries provided financial assistance to the survivors.[41] Goodwill Industries International, Inc. ...
Children terrorized
 The image of firefighter Chris Fields holding the dying infant Baylee Almon won the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography in 1996. Two people, Lester LaRue and Charles Porter, standing just three feet apart took almost the same image yet it was Charles Porter's image that won the Pulitzer. [42] In the wake of the bombing, the national media seized upon the fact that 19 of the victims had been children. Schools across the country were dismissed early and ordered closed. A photograph of firefighter Chris Fields emerging from the rubble with infant Baylee Almon, who later died in a nearby hospital, was reprinted worldwide and became a symbol of the attack.[43] The images and thoughts of children dying terrorized many children who, as demonstrated by later research, showed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.[44] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (640x812, 69 KB) // A photograph of firefighter Chris Fields removing infant Baylee Almon (who later died in a nearby hospital) from the destruction of the Oklahoma City bombing. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (640x812, 69 KB) // A photograph of firefighter Chris Fields removing infant Baylee Almon (who later died in a nearby hospital) from the destruction of the Oklahoma City bombing. ...
The Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography was awarded from 1968 – 1999, thereafter being renamed as the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography. ...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a term for certain severe psychological consequences of exposure to, or confrontation with, stressful events that the person experiences as highly traumatic. ...
President Clinton and his wife, Hillary, showed concern about how children were reacting to the bombing. They requested that aides talk to child care specialists about how to talk to the children regarding the bombing. President Clinton spoke to the nation three days after the bombing, saying: "I don't want our children to believe something terrible about life and the future and grownups in general because of this awful thing...most adults are good people who want to protect our children in their childhood and we are going to get through this".[45] On the Saturday after the bombing, April 22, the Clintons gathered children of employees of federal agencies that had offices in the Murrah Building, and in a live nationwide television and radio broadcast, addressed their concerns. REDIRECT Hillary Rodham Clinton This is a redirect from a title with another method of capitalisation. ...
is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Media coverage Hundreds of news trucks and members of the press arrived at the site to cover the story. The press immediately noticed that the bombing took place on the second anniversary of the Waco incident.[22] Many initial news stories, however, hypothesized the attack had been undertaken by Islamic terrorists, such as those who had masterminded the World Trade Center bombing two years before.[46] Some responded to these reports by attacking Muslims and people of Arab descent.[47][48] Combatants ATF, FBI, U.S. Army Branch Davidians Commanders Assault: Phil Chojnacki Siege: Many David Koresh†Strength Assault: 75 ATF agents Siege: Hundreds of federal agents and soldiers 50+ men, 75+ women and children Casualties 4 dead, 21 wounded in assault 6 dead and 3+ wounded in assault, 79 dead...
For the 2001 attack and destruction of the World Trade Center, see September 11, 2001 attacks. ...
As the rescue effort wound down, the media interest shifted to the investigation, arrests, and trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, and on the search for an additional suspect named "John Doe 2". Several witnesses had claimed to see the second suspect with McVeigh who did not resemble Nichols.[49] For the Navy sailor, see Timothy R. McVeigh. ...
Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, April 19, 1995), which claimed 168 lives. ...
Trials and sentencing of the conspirators The FBI led the official investigation, known as OKBOMB,[50] with Weldon L. Kennedy acting as Special Agent in charge.[51] It was the nation's largest criminal case in history, with FBI agents conducting 28,000 interviews, amassing 3.5 tons of evidence, and collecting nearly one billion pieces of information.[19][52] The investigation led to the separate trials and convictions of McVeigh, Nichols, and Fortier. F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ...
Weldon Lynn Kennedy (born September 12, 1938) was a special agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation and served for 33 years. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Mcveighmugshot. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Mcveighmugshot. ...
For the Navy sailor, see Timothy R. McVeigh. ...
A concealed carry is the right to carry a handgun or other weapon in public in a concealed manner. ...
Timothy McVeigh -
The United States was represented by a team of prosecutors, led by Joseph Hartzler. In his opening statement, Hartzler outlined McVeigh's motivations and the evidence against him. McVeigh's motivation, he said, was hatred of the government, which began during his tenure in the Army as he read The Turner Diaries, and grew through the increase in taxes and the passage of the Brady Bill, and grew further with the Waco and Ruby Ridge incidents. The prosecution called 137 witnesses, including Michael Fortier, Michael's wife Lori Fortier, and McVeigh's sister, Jennifer McVeigh, all of whom testified on McVeigh's hatred of the government and demonstrated desire to take militant action against it. Both Fortiers testified that McVeigh had told them of his plans to bomb the Alfred P. Murrah Federal building. Michael revealed how McVeigh had chosen the date and Lori testified that she created the false identification card that McVeigh used to rent the Ryder truck.[53][54] For the Navy sailor, see Timothy R. McVeigh. ...
The Turner Diaries is a 1978 novel by Dr. William Luther Pierce (under the pseudonym Andrew Macdonald), the late leader of the National Alliance, a white separatist organization. ...
The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, also known as the Brady Bill, was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 30, 1993. ...
Combatants ATF, FBI, U.S. Army Branch Davidians Commanders Assault: Phil Chojnacki Siege: Many David Koresh†Strength Assault: 75 ATF agents Siege: Hundreds of federal agents and soldiers 50+ men, 75+ women and children Casualties 4 dead, 21 wounded in assault 6 dead and 3+ wounded in assault, 79 dead...
Ruby Ridge refers to a violent confrontation and siege involving Randy Weaver, his family, Weavers friend Kevin Harris, federal agents from the United States Marshals Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. ...
Michael Fortier (born 1968) and Lori Fortier, his wife, were accomplices in the Oklahoma City bombing and key informants in the trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. ...
Michael Fortier (born 1968) and Lori Fortier, his wife, were accomplices in the Oklahoma City bombing and key informants in the trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. ...
German identity card with a KINEGRAM® A piece of identification (ID) is a document designed to verify aspects of a persons identity. ...
In his trial, whose venue had been moved from Oklahoma City to Denver, Colorado, McVeigh was represented by a defense counsel team of six principal attorneys led by Stephen Jones.[55] According to Linder, McVeigh wanted Jones to present a "necessity defense"––which would argue that he was in "imminent danger" from the government (that his bombing was intended to prevent future crimes by the government, such as the Waco and Ruby Ridge incidents).[53] Contrary to his client's wishes, however: Nickname: Location of Denver in the State of Colorado Location of Colorado in the United States Coordinates: , Country United States State State of Colorado City and County Denver[1] Founded 1858-11-22, as Denver City, K.T.[2] Incorporated 1861-11-07, as Denver City, C.T.[3] Consolidated...
Stephen Jones is an attorney and Republican activist from Enid, Oklahoma. ...
Jones opted for a strategy of trying to poke what holes he could in the prosecution's case, thus raising a question of reasonable doubt. In addition, Jones believed that McVeigh was taking far more responsibility for the bombing than was justified and that McVeigh, although clearly guilty, was only a player in a large conspiracy.... In his book about the McVeigh case, Others Unknown: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy, Jones wrote: "It strains belief to suppose that this appalling crime was the work of two men--any two men...Could [this conspiracy] have been designed to protect and shelter everyone involved? Everyone, that is, except my client...[.]" Jones considered presenting McVeigh as "the designated patsy" in a cleverly designed plot, but his own client opposed the strategy and Judge Matsch, after a hearing, ruled the evidence concerning a larger conspiracy to be too insubstantial to be admissible.[53] In addition to arguing that the bombing could not have been accomplished by two men alone but must have been perpetrated by a conspiracy of more people whom McVeigh was protecting, Jones also attempted to raise reasonable doubt by arguing that no one had seen McVeigh near the scene of the crime and that the investigation into the bombing had lasted merely two weeks.[53] During the trial, Linder observed further: The defense presented 25 witnesses over just a one-week period. The most effective witness for the defense might have been Dr. Frederic Whitehurst, who provided a damning critique of the FBI's sloppy investigation of the bombing site and its handling of other key evidence. Unfortunately for McVeigh, while Whitehurst could show that FBI techniques made contamination of evidence possible, he could not point to any evidence (such as trace evidence of explosives on the shirt McVeigh wore on April 19) that he knew to be contaminated.[53] Dr. Frederic Whitehurst joined the FBI in 1982 and served as a Supervisory Special Agent in the FBI crime lab from 1986-98. ...
is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The jury deliberated for twenty-three hours. On June 2, 1997, McVeigh was found guilty on eleven counts of murder and conspiracy.[56][57] Although the defense argued for a reduced sentence of life imprisonment, McVeigh was sentenced to death.[58] He was executed by lethal injection at a U.S. penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana, on June 11, 2001.[59] The execution was televised on closed-circuit television so that the relatives of the victims could witness his death.[60] is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the band, see 1997 (band). ...
This article is about the execution and euthanasia method. ...
Terre Haute (pronounced ) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana near the states western border with Illinois. ...
is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...
This article refers to a surveillance system. ...
Terry Nichols -
Main article: Terry Nichols Terry Nichols stood trial twice. He was first tried by the federal government in 1997 and found guilty of conspiring to build a weapon of mass destruction and of eight counts of involuntary manslaughter of federal officers.[61] After he received the sentence on June 4, 1998 of life-without-parole, the State of Oklahoma in 2000 sought a death-penalty conviction on 161 counts of first-degree murder. On May 26, 2004 the jury found him guilty on all charges, but deadlocked on the issue of sentencing him to death. Presiding Judge Steven W. Taylor then determined the sentence of 161 consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole.[62] He is currently held in the ADX Florence Federal Prison.[63] Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, April 19, 1995), which claimed 168 lives. ...
is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...
For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ...
is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Steven W. Taylor, (born June 7, 1949), is a Justice on the Oklahoma Supreme Court. ...
The ADX Florence facility from the outside The United States Penitentiary Administrative Maximum Facility (ADX) in Florence, CO. is a supermax prison in Florence, Colorado, USA. It is unofficially known as ADX Florence, Florence ADMAX, Supermax, or The Alcatraz of the Rockies. ...
Michael Fortier -
Though Michael Fortier was considered an accomplice and co-conspirator, he agreed to testify against McVeigh in exchange for a modest sentence and immunity for his wife.[64][54] He was sentenced on May 27, 1998 to twelve years in prison and fined $200,000 for failing to warn authorities about the attack.[62] As discussed by Jeralyn Merritt, who served on Timothy McVeigh's criminal defense team, on January 20, 2006, after serving eighty-five percent of his sentence, Fortier was released for good behavior into the Witness Protection Program and given a new identity.[65] Michael Fortier (born 1968) and Lori Fortier, his wife, were accomplices in the Oklahoma City bombing and key informants in the trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. ...
Michael Fortier (born 1968) and Lori Fortier, his wife, were accomplices in the Oklahoma City bombing and key informants in the trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. ...
is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...
Jeralyn Elise Merritt (b. ...
is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In the United States, the Witness Protection Program (also known as the Witness Security Program, or WITSEC) was established by the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, which in turn sets out the manner in which the U.S. Attorney General may provide for the relocation and protection of a...
Others No "John Doe #2" was ever identified, nothing conclusive was ever reported regarding the owner of the missing leg, and the government never openly investigated anyone else in conjunction with the bombing. Though the defense teams in both McVeigh's and Nichols trials tried to suggest that others were involved, Judge Steven W. Taylor, who presided over the Nichols trial, found no credible, relevant, or legally admissible evidence of anyone other than McVeigh and Nichols as having directly participated in the bombing.[53] Steven W. Taylor, (born June 7, 1949), is a Justice on the Oklahoma Supreme Court. ...
Aftermath -
 The site of the building after it was torn down, three months after the bombing Until the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest act of terror against the U.S. on American soil.[1] In response, the U.S. Government enacted several pieces of legislation, notably the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996.[66] In response to the trials of the conspirators being moved out-of-state, the Victim Allocution Clarification Act of 1997 was signed on March 20, 1997 by President Clinton to allow the victims of the bombing (and the victims of any other future acts of violence) the right to observe trials and to offer impact testimony in trials. In response to passing the legislation, Clinton stated that "when someone is a victim, he or she should be at the center of the criminal justice process, not on the outside looking in."[67] A common definition of terrorism is the systematic use or threatened use of violence to intimidate a population or government and thereby effect political, religious, or ideological change. ...
In the United States, acts of domestic terrorism are generally considered to be uncommon. ...
A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (also known as AEDPA) is a series of laws in the United States signed into law on April 24, 1996 to deter terrorism, provide justice for victims, provide for an effective death penalty, and for other purposes. ...
is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the band, see 1997 (band). ...
In the weeks following the bombing, the federal government ordered that all federal buildings in all major cities be surrounded with prefabricated Jersey barriers to ward off similar attacks.[68] Most of these temporary barriers have since been replaced with permanent security barriers which look more attractive and are driven deep into the ground for sturdiness.[69][70] Furthermore, all new federal buildings must now be constructed with truck-resistant barriers and with deep setbacks from surrounding streets to minimize their vulnerability to truck bombs.[71][72][73] The total cost of improving security in federal buildings across the country in response to the bombing reached over $600 million.[74] Jersey wall on the Woodrow Wilson Bridge near Washington, D.C. A Jersey barrier or Jersey wall separates lanes of traffic (often opposing lanes of traffic) with a goal of minimizing vehicle crossover in the case of accidents. ...
According to Mark Potok, director of Intelligence Project at the Southern Poverty Law Center, law enforcement officials have foiled over fifty domestic terror plots since the Oklahoma City bombing.[3] The attacks were prevented due to measures established by the local and federal government to increase security of high-priority targets and following-up on hate groups within the United States.
 The Field of Empty Chairs, east Gate of Time, and Reflecting Pool at the Oklahoma City National Memorial. The attack led to improvements in engineering for the purpose of constructing buildings that would be better able to withstand tremendous forces. Oklahoma City's new federal building was constructed using those improvements. The National Geographic Channel documentary series Seconds From Disaster suggested that the Murrah Building would probably have survived the blast had it been built according to California earthquake design codes. Download high resolution version (2048x1360, 1444 KB)Photograph of the Oklahoma City National Memorial as taken from the south observation area on 18 September 2004 by Dustin M. Ramsey. ...
Download high resolution version (2048x1360, 1444 KB)Photograph of the Oklahoma City National Memorial as taken from the south observation area on 18 September 2004 by Dustin M. Ramsey. ...
The National Geographic Channel is a subscription television network that features documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. ...
Seconds From Disaster was a documentary television series that investigates the worst man-made disasters and several natural disasters in modern history, and analyses the causes and events that led up to each disaster. ...
Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum -
For two years after the bombing, the only memorial for the victims were stuffed animals, crucifixes, letters, and other personal items left by thousands of people at a security fence surrounding the site of the building.[75] The Oklahoma City National Memorial is the largest memorial of its kind in the United States. ...
Although multiple ideas for memorials were sent to Oklahoma City within the first day after the bombing, an official memorial planning committee did not form until early 1996.[76] The Murrah Federal Building Memorial Task Force, composed of 350 members, was established to formulate plans in choosing a memorial to commemorate the victims of the bombing.[45] On July 1, 1997, the winning design was chosen unanimously by a 15-member panel from 624 submissions.[77][78] The memorial, which has become part of the National Park Service, was designed by Oklahoma City architects Hans and Torrey Butzer and Sven Berg. It was dedicated by President Clinton on April 19, 2000, exactly five years after the bombing.[78][79] is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the band, see 1997 (band). ...
The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...
is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...
 After surviving the bombing, The Survivor Tree elm became an emblem of the memorial. The museum includes a reflecting pool flanked by two large "gates", one inscribed with the time 9:01, the opposite with 9:03, the pool between representing the moment of the blast. On the south end of the memorial is a field full of symbolic bronze and stone chairs—one for each person lost, arranged based on what floor they were on. The chairs represent the empty chairs at the dinner tables of the victim's family. The seats of the children killed are smaller than those of the adults lost. On the opposite side is the "survivor tree", part of the building's original landscaping that somehow survived the blast and fires that followed it. The memorial left part of the foundation of the building intact, so that visitors can see the scale of the destruction. Around the western edge of the memorial is a portion of the chain link fence which had amassed over 800,000 personal items which were later collected by the Oklahoma City Memorial Foundation.[80] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 531 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1360 pixel, file size: 1. ...
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