The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page.

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please discuss this issue on the talk page or replace this tag with a more specific message. This article has been tagged since March 2007.

Oleg Kalugin

Oleg Danilovich Kalugin (Russian: Олег Данилович Калугин), (born September 6, 1934) is a former KGB spy. He was the longtime head of KGB operations in the United States and later a critic of the agency. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 584 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (924 × 948 pixel, file size: 276 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Taken from the CI Centre website, this photo by CIndy Kwitchoff was released for publication. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 584 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (924 × 948 pixel, file size: 276 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Taken from the CI Centre website, this photo by CIndy Kwitchoff was released for publication. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of КГБ) is the Russian-language abbreviation for Committee for State Security, (Russian: ; Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti). ...

Early life and the KGB career

Born in Leningrad and son of an officer in the NKVD, Kalugin attended Leningrad State University and, subsequently, was recruited by the KGB under the aegis of the First Chief Directorate (Foreign Intelligence). After training he was sent to the United States, where he enrolled as a journalism student at Columbia University on a Fulbright scholarship in 1958, along with Aleksandr Yakovlev. He continued to pose as a journalist for a number of years, eventually serving as the Radio Moscow correspondent at the United Nations. In 1965 — after five years in New York — he returned to Moscow to serve under the cover of press officer in the Soviet Foreign Ministry. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Saint Petersburg State University (Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Университет) is one of the oldest Russian educational institutions, established in the city of Saint Petersburg on January 28, 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great. ... Ægis has entered modern English to mean a shield, protection, or sponsorship, originally from the name of the mythological protective shield of Zeus. ... Columbia University is a private research university in the United States and a member of the prestigious Ivy League. ... Fulbright redirects here. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alexander Yakovlev (left) with Mikhail Gorbachev. ... A 1969 Radio Moscow QSL card Radio Moscow was the official international broadcasting station of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. ... A journalist is a person who practices journalism. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: , Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ...

Kalugin was then assigned to Washington, D.C., with the cover of deputy press officer for the Soviet Embassy. In reality he was deputy resident and acting chief of the Residency at the Soviet Embassy. Rising in the ranks he became one of the KGB's top officers operating out of the Soviet embassy in Washington: it led to his being promoted to general in 1974, the youngest in its history. He then returned to KGB headquarters to become head of the foreign counterintelligence or K branch of the First Chief Directorate. Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - D.C. Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2... A blonde haired, very skilled worker with a 70s look. ... Counterintelligence or counter-espionage is the act of seeking and indentifying espionage activities. ...

KGB criticism

In 1980 Kalugin was demoted to deputy head of the Leningrad KGB because of his growing condemnation of the corruption of the KGB and the entire Soviet system, leading to differences between him and the KGB leadership. His critics, including most of the surviving members of the KGB, countered with baseless allegations that he was seen as a security risk and suspected as acting for the CIA which were not supported with any evidence. Vladimir Kryuchkov, Chairman of the KGB and orchestrator of the 1991 coup plot, alleged that in his time in counter intelligence he failed to discover a single American agent while his successor would allegedly find over a dozen.^{[citation needed]} Former CIA mole Karl Koecher made unsupported claims that Kalugin was responsible for Koecher's eventual arrest. Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Vladimir Alexandrovich Kryuchkov (Владимир Александрович Крючков in Russian) was born in Volgograd in 1924. ... During the Soviet Coup of 1991 (August 19-22, 1991), also known as the August Putsch or August Coup, a group of members of the Soviet government briefly deposed Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev and attempted to take control of the country. ... A mole is a spy who works for an enemy nation and works within his nations government. ... Karl Koecher is one of only two known moles to have penetrated the CIA. Born in Czechoslovakia, he became a radio comedy writer and was frequently scrutinized by the Communist security forces for his satire that mocked the regime. ...

The unsubstantiated accusations did not stop him from criticising the agency's policies and methods, complaining about the fact that the KGB was overlooking corruption in the highest circles of Soviet society while terrorizing common people. His unbridled public criticism led to reassignment to Security Officers posts first in the Academy of Sciences in 1987, then at the Ministry of Electronics in 1988. His career at the KGB ended with his forced retirement on February 26, 1990.^[1] Retirement is the point where a person stops employment. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...

As the Soviet Union underwent changes under Mikhail Gorbachev, Kalugin became more vocal and public in his criticism of the KGB, denouncing Soviet security forces as "Stalinist". Finally, in 1990, Gorbachev signed a decree stripping Kalugin of his rank, decorations, and pension. In August 1991, Gorbachev returned his rank, decorations and pension to Kalugin. Despite opposition from the KGB, he was elected in September 1990 to the Supreme Soviet as a People's Deputy for the Krasnodar region. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: ), surname more accurately romanized as Gorbachyov; (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian politician. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Supreme Soviet (Russian: , Verhovniy Sovet, literally the Supreme Council) comprised the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments. ... 19th century photo depicting Kuban Cossacks obelisk in Krasnodar Krasnodar (Russian: ) is a city in Southern Russia on the Kuban River. ...

Countering the Soviet coup attempt

Kalugin became a firm supporter of Boris Yeltsin, the president of the Russian SFSR. During the abortive Soviet coup attempt of 1991 he led crowds to the Russian White House, center of anticoup efforts, and induced Yeltsin to address the crowds. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: ) (February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007[1]) was the first president of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. ... State motto: Russian: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until November 7, 1917 November 7, 1917 December 12, 1991 (dissolution) Area  - Total  - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 km² 13% Population  - Total   - Density Ranked 1st in the... During the Soviet Coup of 1991 (August 19-22, 1991), also known as the August Putsch or August Coup, a group of members of the Soviet government briefly deposed Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev and attempted to take control of the country. ... White house of Russia under siege The White House of Russia, also known as the Russian White House, is a government building in Moscow that housed the Soviet Unions Congress of Peoples Deputies and Supreme Soviet until the crisis of 3 October 1993 when an uprising lead to...

After the coup he became an unpaid adviser to the new KGB Chairman Vadim Bakatin. While Bakatin succeeded in dismantling the old security apparatus, he did not have the time to reform it before being fired on November 1991. Ever vocal, Kalugin told the press that in the future, the KGB would have no political functions, no secret laboratories where they manufacture poisons and secret weapons. Vadim Viktorovich Bakatin (born 1937) was a Russian Soviet political figure. ...

Exile in the United States

With the return to power of elements of the KGB, most notably Vladimir Putin, Kalugin was again accused of treason. In 1995 he accepted a teaching position in The Catholic University of America and remained in the United States ever since. Settling in Washington, D.C., he wrote a book about Cold War espionage entitled The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West and collaborated with former CIA Director William Colby and Activision to produce Spycraft: The Great Game, a CD-ROM game released in 1996. He has appeared frequently in the media and given lectures at a number of universities. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States on August 4, 2003. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of the Russian Federation. ... Traitor redirects here. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... The Catholic University of America (abbreviated CUA), located in Washington, D.C., is unique as the national university of the Roman Catholic Church and as the only higher education institution founded by U.S. Roman Catholic bishops. ... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - D.C. Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... William Egan Colby (January 4, 1920 – April 27, 1996) became Director of Central Intelligence on September 4, 1973, after James R. Schlesinger. ... Activision, Inc. ... The CD-ROM (an abbreviation for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (ROM)) is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. ... A lecture on linear algebra at the Helsinki University of Technology A lecture is an oral presentation intended to teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. ... Naturalization is the process whereby a person becomes a national of a nation, or a citizen of a country, other than the one of his birth. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 2003 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 2002 he was put on trial in absentia in Moscow and found guilty of spying for the West. He was sentenced to fourteen years in jail, but the United States has refused to extradite him. Also see: 2002 (number). ... For in absentia medical care, see Health care delivery. ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: , Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ...

Kalugin currently works for CI Centre, a counterintelligence consulting and training firm in the Washington, DC area. He is also an advisory director of the International Spy Museum. He remains a critic of Vladimir Putin, whom he called a "war criminal".[1] International Spy Museum sign International Spy Museum at F Street and 9th Streets NW in Washington, D.C. The International Spy Museum is a privately owned museum dedicated to the field of espionage located in the Penn Quarter neighborhood of Washington, D.C., and one block west of the Gallery... A war crime is a punishable offense, under international (criminal) law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...

Books by Oleg Kalugin

• The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West by Oleg Kalugin and Fen Montaigne. 1994.374 pages. St Martins Pr. ISBN 0-312-11426-5
• Spymaster: The Highest-ranking KGB Officer Ever to Break His Silence by Oleg Kalugin and Fen Montaigne. 1995. Blake Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85685-101-X
• (Russian) Proshchai, Lubianka! (XX vek glazami ochevidtsev) by Oleg Kalugin. 1995. 347 pages. "Olimp" ISBN 5-7390-0375-X
• Window of opportunity: Russia's role in the coalition against terror. An article from: Harvard International Review. September 22, 2002. Vol. 24 Issue 3 Page 56(5).

References

• KALUGIN, Maj. -Gen. Oleg Danilovich International Who's Who. accessed September 4, 2006.

is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Oleg Kalugin at CI Centre
• Kalugin interview on Youtube
• Oleg Kalugin interview in Foreign Policy

Notes and references