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Encyclopedia > Opus Dei
For other uses, see Opus Dei (disambiguation).
Josemaría Escrivá, the founder of Opus Dei

Opus Dei, formally known as The Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, is a personal prelature of the Catholic Church that teaches the Catholic belief that everyone is called to holiness and that ordinary life is a path to sanctity.[1][2] The Opus Dei prelature is made up of ordinary lay people and secular priests governed by a prelate.[1] Opus Dei is Latin for "Work of God", and the organization is sometimes known simply as "the Work".[3][4] The phrase Opus Dei can refer to: Opus Dei - a prelature of the Catholic Church also called Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei. ... Image File history File links Photo of St. ... Image File history File links Photo of St. ... Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer (Thursday, January 9, 1902 – Thursday, June 26, 1975), (also known as Jose María or Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer y Albas, born José María Mariano Escriba Albas) was a Spanish Catholic priest and founder of the Prelature of the Holy Cross and... A prelate is a member of the clergy having a special canonical jurisdiction over a territory or a group of people; usually, a prelate is a bishop. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... The term Ecclesiastical Latin (sometimes called Church Latin) refers to the Latin language as used in documents of the Roman Catholic Church and in its Latin liturgies. ...


Opus Dei was founded in Spain in 1928 by the Roman Catholic priest Josemaría Escrivá,[5] and given final approval in 1950 by Pope Pius XII.[6] In 1982, it was made into a personal prelature — its bishop's jurisdiction is not linked to one specific geographic area, but instead covers the persons in Opus Dei, wherever they are.[6] Opus Dei is the first and so far the only Catholic organization of this type.[7] While there has been some debate as to the downsides of the organization,[8][9][10][11] several Popes and other Catholic leaders have strongly endorsed what they see as its innovative teaching on the sanctifying value of work,[12] and in 2002, Pope John Paul II canonized Escrivá.[13] Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer (Thursday, January 9, 1902 – Thursday, June 26, 1975) (also known as Jose María or Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer y Albás, born José María Mariano Escriba Albás) was a Spanish Catholic priest and founder of the Prelature of the Holy... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 – October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City, from March 2, 1939 until his death. ... A prelate is a member of the clergy having a special canonical jurisdiction over a territory or a group of people; usually, a prelate is a bishop. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of...


Opus Dei has about 87,000 members. Most live in their private homes, leading traditional family lives with secular careers,[7] [14] while the rest are celibate and sometimes live in official Opus Dei centers.

Contents

History

Escrivá surrounded by working people, in a Filipino painting entitled, Magpakabanal sa Gawain or "Be a saint through your work".
See also: Timeline of Opus Dei

Opus Dei was founded by a Catholic priest, Josemaría Escrivá, on 2 October 1928 in Madrid, Spain. According to Escrivá, on that day he experienced a "vision" in which he "saw Opus Dei".[15][16] He gave the organization the name "Opus Dei", which in Latin means "Work of God,"[17] in order to underscore the belief that the organization was not his (Escrivá's) work, but was rather God's work.[18] Throughout his life, Escrivá maintained that the founding of Opus Dei had a supernatural character.[19] Escrivá summarized Opus Dei's mission as a way of helping ordinary Christians "to understand that their life… is a way of holiness and evangelization... And to those who grasp this ideal of holiness, the Work offers the spiritual assistance and training they need to put it into practice."[20] ImageMetadata File history File links StjosemariaMagpakabanal_sa_gawain. ... Opus Dei: A Historical Timeline shows the historical development of Opus Dei. ... Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer (Thursday, January 9, 1902 – Thursday, June 26, 1975), (also known as Jose María or Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer y Albas, born José María Mariano Escriba Albas) was a Spanish Catholic priest and founder of the Prelature of the Holy Cross and... is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Initially, Opus Dei was open only to men, but in 1930, Escrivá created a women's branch.[6] In 1936, the organization suffered a temporary setback when ecclesiastics, especially Roman Catholics, were persecuted (including summary execution and assassination) during the Spanish Civil War, which forced Escrivá to go into hiding.[21] After the civil war was won by General Francisco Franco's Nationalists, Escrivá was able to return to Madrid.[22] Escriva said that it was in Spain where Opus Dei found "the greatest difficulties" because of traditionalists who misunderstood Opus Dei's ideas,[23] still Opus Dei flourished during the years of Franco's rule, spreading first throughout Spain, and after 1945, expanding internationally.[6] Not to be confused with the Spanish Civil War of 1820-1823. ... “Franco” redirects here. ...


In 1939, Escrivá published The Way, a collection of 999 maxims concerning spirituality.[24] In the 1940s, Opus Dei found an early critic in the Jesuit leader Wlodimir Ledochowski, who told the Vatican that he considered Opus Dei "very dangerous for the Church in Spain," citing its "secretive character" and calling it "a form of Christian Masonry."[25] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Saint Ignatius of Loyola served as the first Superior General. ... Wlodimir Ledochowski, S.J. (October 7, 1866 in Loosdorf, Austria - December 13, 1942 in Rome, Italy) was the twenty-sixth Superior-General of the Society of Jesus. ... “Freemasons” redirects here. ...


In 1946, Escrivá moved the organization's headquarters to Rome.[6] In 1950, Pope Pius XII granted definitive approval to Opus Dei, thereby allowing married people to join the organization.[6] In 1975, Escriva died and was succeeded by Álvaro del Portillo. In 1982, Opus Dei was made into a personal prelature. This means the Opus Dei related objectives of the members fall under the direct jurisdiction of the Prelate of Opus Dei wherever they are. As to "what the law lays down for all the ordinary faithful," the lay members of Opus Dei, being no different from other Catholics, "continue to be ... under the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishop," in the words of John Paul II's Ut Sit.[26] In 1994, Javier Echevarria became Prelate upon the death of his predecessor. BishopÁlvaro del Portillo being ordained by John Paul II Álvaro del Portillo, or Álvaro del Portillo y Diez de Sollano, (March 11, 1914 - March 23, 1994), was a Spanish engineer and Roman Catholic bishop. ... A prelate is a member of the clergy having a special canonical jurisdiction over a territory or a group of people; usually, a prelate is a bishop. ... The present Bishop-Prelate of Opus Dei, Msgr. ...


One-third of the world's bishops sent letters petitioning for the canonization of Escrivá.[27] In 2002, approximately 300,000 people gathered in St. Peter's Square on the day Pope John Paul II canonized Josemaría Escrivá.[28][29] According to one author, "Escrivá is... venerated by millions".[30]


There are other members whose process of beatification has been opened: Ernesto Cofiño, a father of five children and a pioneer in pediatric research in Guatemala; Montserrat Grases, a teenage Catalan student who died of cancer; Toni Zweifel, a Swiss engineer; and Bishop Álvaro del Portillo. Dr. Ernesto Cofiño, Guatemalan pioneer in pediatrics Ernesto Cofiño (1899-1991) was a pioneer in pediatric research in Guatemala. ... Montserrat Grases (1941-1959) is a candidate for Canonization in the Roman Catholic Church. ... St. ...


In September 2005, while blessing a newly installed statue of Josemaria Escriva placed in an outside wall niche of St Peter's Basilica, pope Benedict XVI said he hoped it would serve as inspiration to "do one's daily work in the spirit of Christ." [31] Saint Josemaría addressing young Catholics Saint Josemaría Escrivá (January 9, 1902 - June 26, 1975), (a. ... Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: ; born April 16, 1927 as Joseph Alois Ratzinger in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany) is the 265th reigning pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City. ...


Doctrine

Josemaría Escrivá teaching a crowd of men
Main article: Teachings of Opus Dei

Opus Dei is an organization within the Catholic Church. As such, it ultimately shares the theology of the Catholic Church. Image File history File links Stjosemariagettogethermen. ... Image File history File links Stjosemariagettogethermen. ... Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer (Thursday, January 9, 1902 – Thursday, June 26, 1975), (also known as Jose María or Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer y Albas, born José María Mariano Escriba Albas) was a Spanish Catholic priest and founder of the Prelature of the Holy Cross and... Teachings of Opus Dei discusses the teachings of the founder of Opus Dei, St. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... “Catholic Church” redirects here. ...


Opus Dei places special emphasis on certain aspects of Catholic doctrine. A central feature of Opus Dei's theology is its focus on the lives of the ordinary Catholics who are neither priests nor monks.[32][33][34] Opus Dei emphasizes the "universal call to holiness": the belief that everyone should aspire to be a saint, that sanctity is within the reach of everyone, not just a few special individuals.[35] Opus Dei does not have monks or nuns, and only a minority of its members are part of the priesthood.[36] A related characteristic is Opus Dei's emphasis on uniting spiritual life with professional, social, and family life. Whereas the members of some religious orders might live in monasteries and devote their lives exclusively to prayer and study, members of Opus Dei lead ordinary lives, with traditional families and secular careers,[37] and strive to "sanctify ordinary life". Indeed, Pope John Paul II called Escrivá "the saint of ordinary life".[38] Universal Call to Holiness and Apostolate is a teaching of the Roman Catholic Church that all people are called to be holy. ...


Similarly, Opus Dei stresses the importance of work and professional competence.[39][40] While some religious orders encourage their members to withdraw from the material world, Opus Dei's members are exhorted to "find God in daily life" and to perform their work excellently as a service to society and as a fitting offering to God.[41][42] Opus Dei teaches that work not only contributes to social progress but is "a path to holiness",[43] and its founder advised members to: "Sanctify your work. Sanctify yourself in your work. Sanctify others through your work."[44]


The basis for Opus Dei's doctrine, according to the founder, is found in the Bible's teaching that "God created man to work" (Gen 2:15) and Jesus's long life as an ordinary carpenter in a small town.[45] Escrivá, who stressed the Christian's duty to follow Christ's example, also points to the gospel account that Jesus "has done everything well" (Mk 7:37).[46] This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Carpenter at work in Tennessee, June 1942. ...


According to its official literature, some other main features of Opus Dei are: divine filiation, a sense of being children of God; freedom, personal choice and responsibility; and charity.[37] Fra Angelicos Baptism of Christ Divine filiation is the condition of being a child of God, and thus a sharer in the life and role of Jesus Christ, who is the Son of God and Redeemer of all men, according to Christian doctrine. ... Mohandas K. Gandhi - Freedom can be achieved through inner sovereignty. ... Allegorical personification of Charity as a mother with three infants by Anthony van Dyck // The word charity entered the English language through the O.Fr word charite which was derived from the Latin caritas.[1] In Christian theology charity, or love (agapē), is the greatest of the three theological virtues...


At the bottom of Escriva's understanding of the “universal call to holiness” are two dimensions, subjective and objective. The subjective is the call given to each person to become a saint, regardless of his place in society. The objective refers to what Escriva calls Christian materialism: all of creation, even the most material situation, is a meeting place with God, and leads to union with Him.[47] Christian materialism is the combination of the theology, concepts, and holy writings of Christianity with the philosophy of materialism, which places primary importance on material objects and their interrelationships. ...


Structure and activities

Leaders of Opus Dei describe the organization as a teaching entity, whereby Catholics are taught to assume personal responsibility in sanctifying the secular world from within.[48][17] Its lay people and priests organize seminars, workshops, retreats, and classes to help people put the Christian faith into practice in their daily lives. Spiritual direction, one-on-one coaching with a more experienced lay person or priest, is considered the "paramount means" of training. Through these activities they provide religious instruction (doctrinal formation), coaching in spirituality for lay people (spiritual formation), character and moral education (human formation), lessons in sanctifying one's work (professional formation), and know-how in evangelizing one's family and workplace (apostolic formation). Spiritual direction is a practice of asceticism for Christians who are aiming for sanctity. ...


Supporters often liken Opus Dei to a family, and many claim members of Opus Dei resemble the members of the early Christian Church -- ordinary workers who seriously sought holiness with nothing exterior to distinguish them from other citizens.[49][50][51] In Pope John Paul II's 1982 decree known as the Apostolic constitution Ut Sit, Opus Dei was established as a personal prelature, an official structure of the Catholic Church like a diocese which contains lay people and secular priests who are led by a bishop.[1] In addition to being governed by Ut Sit and by canon law, Opus Dei is governed by the Vatican's Particular Law concerning Opus Dei, otherwise known as Opus Dei's statutes. This specifies the objectives and workings of the prelature. [52] An Apostolic constitution (Latin constitutio apostolica) is a very solemn decree issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ...


The head of the Opus Dei prelature is known as the Prelate.[1] The Prelate is the primary governing authority and is assisted by two councils — the General Council (made up of men) and the Central Advisory (made up of women).[53][54] The Prelate holds his position for life. The current prelate of Opus Dei is Monsignor Javier Echevarria, who became the second Prelate of Opus Dei in 1994.[55] The first Prelate of Opus Dei was Monsignor Álvaro del Portillo, who held the position from 1982 until his death in 1994.[55] Javier Echevarria Rodriguez, a Roman Catholic prelate, was born in Madrid on June 14, 1932. ... BishopÁlvaro del Portillo being ordained by John Paul II Álvaro del Portillo, or Álvaro del Portillo y Diez de Sollano, (March 11, 1914 - March 23, 1994), was a Spanish engineer and Roman Catholic bishop. ...

IESE Business School of the University of Navarra

Opus Dei's highest assembled bodies are the General Congresses, which are usually convened once every eight years. There are separate congresses for the men and women's branch of Opus Dei. The General Congresses are made up of members appointed by the Prelate, and are responsible for advising him about the prelature's future. The men's General Congress also elects the Prelate.[56] After the death of a Prelate, a special elective General Congress is convened. They elect from their ranks one individual to become the next Prelate — an appointment that must be confirmed by the Pope.[56] ImageMetadata File history File links IESEbusinessschoolopusdeicorporatework2. ... ImageMetadata File history File links IESEbusinessschoolopusdeicorporatework2. ... IESE Business School of the University of Navarra: A top business school, according to Financial Times and the Economist Intelligence Unit. ... The University of Navarra is a private pontifical university based at the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain. ...


Opus Dei has about 87,000 members in more than 80 different countries.[57] About 60% of Opus Dei members reside in Europe, and 35% reside in the Americas.[58] The organization's assets total at least $2.8 billion.[59] Two members of Opus Dei, Juan Luis Cipriani and Julián Herranz, have achieved the rank of Cardinal.[60] Juan Luis Cardinal Cipriani Thorne (born 28 December 1943) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Lima in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Julián Cardinal Herranz Casado (born March 31, 1930) is a Roman Catholic cardinal and President Emeritus of Interpretation of Legislative Texts for the Roman Curia. ... For other uses, see Cardinal (disambiguation). ...


Opus Dei runs residential centers throughout the world.[5] These centers provide residential housing for celibate members, undertake recruitment, and provide doctrinal and theological education. Opus Dei is also responsible for a variety of non-profit institutions called "Corporate Works of Opus Dei."[61] A study of the year 2005, showed that members have cooperated with other people in setting up a total of 608 social initiatives: schools and university residences (68%), technical or agricultural training centres (26%), universities, business schools and hospitals (6%).[30] The University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain is a corporate work of Opus Dei which has been rated as one of the top private universities in the country,[62] while its business school, IESE, was adjudged one of the best in the world by the Financial Times and the Economist Intelligence Unit.[63] IESE Business School of the University of Navarra: A top business school, according to Financial Times and the Economist Intelligence Unit. ... The University of Navarra is a private pontifical university based at the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain. ... IESE Business School of the University of Navarra: A top business school, according to Financial Times and the Economist Intelligence Unit. ... The Financial Times (FT) is a British international business newspaper. ... This entity, also known as EIU is part of The Economist Group. ...


Spiritual practice

See also: Interior life (Catholic theology) and Mortification

All members - whether married or unmarried, priests or laypeople - are trained to follow a 'plan of life', or 'the norms of piety', which are some traditional Catholic devotions. This is meant to follow the teaching mentioned in the Catholic Catechism to "pray at specific times...to nourish continual prayer,"[64] which in turn is based on Jesus's "pray always" (Lk 18:1), echoed by St. Paul's "pray without ceasing" (1 Thes 5:17). Interior life is a life which seeks God in everything, a life of prayer and the practice of living in the presence of God. ... Flagellants mortifying the flesh, at the time of the Black Death Mortification of the flesh literally means putting the flesh to death. The term is primarily used in religious contexts, and is practiced in a variety of ways. ... Catholic devotions are prayer forms which are not part of the official public liturgy of the Church but are part of the popular spiritual practices of Catholics. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...


Daily norms:

  • Saying "Serviam!" (Latin: I will serve) on waking up
  • Morning offering, fixing one's intentions to do everything for the glory of God
  • Spiritual reading and reading the New Testament, a practice recommended by St. Paul and other saints
  • Mental prayer, conversation with God
  • Mass, Communion and Thanksgiving after Communion
  • Rosary, a traditional Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary
  • The Preces (the common prayer of Opus Dei)
  • Angelus prayer which recalls Christian belief in God's becoming man
  • Memorare prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary
  • Visit to the Blessed Sacrament, a devotion started in the Catholic Church in the 12th century
  • Examination of conscience at the end of the day
  • Three Hail Marys before bed to pray for the virtue of purity
  • Short, spontaneous prayers throughout the day, offering up to God one's work, sufferings etc.

Weekly norms: Serviam is Latin for I will serve. ... John Paul II: Morning Offering is “of fundamental importance in the life of each and every one of the faithful. ... Confessions of St. ... This article is about the Christian scriptures. ... St. ... Mental prayer is the most effective means of assuring ones salvation (Alphonse Tanquerey) Mental prayer is a form of prayer whereby one loves God through meditation and contemplation. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... For other uses, see Eucharist (disambiguation). ... Benedict XVI:The precious time of thanksgiving after communion should not be neglected. ... Our Lady of Lourdes - Mary appearing at Lourdes with Rosary beads. ... The Preces is a prayer said by members of Roman Catholic group Opus Dei. ... The Angelus is a devotion in memory of the Incarnation. ... Memorare (Remember O Most Gracious Virgin Mary) is a Catholic prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary. ... “Our Lady” redirects here. ... A visit to the Blessed Sacrament is the practice of loving Jesus Christ (St. ... Examination of conscience is a review of ones past thoughts, words and actions for the purpose of ascertaining their conformity with, or difformity from, the moral law. ... St. ... ...

  • Confession, in pursuit of the Catholic recommendation on frequent confession
  • a group meeting of spiritual formation ("the Circle")
  • a session with one's spiritual director (usually a lay numerary of the same sex)
  • the praying of a Marian antiphon on Saturdays
  • taking Psalm 2 as the basis of mental prayer on Tuesdays

Additionally, members should participate yearly in a retreat; a three-week seminar every year is obligatory for numeraries. This article is about the practice of confession in the Modern confessional in the Church of the Holy Name, Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Paul VI: Frequent recourse to confession is of great value Frequent confession is a spiritual practice of going to the sacrament of reconciliation often and regularly in order to grow in holiness. ... “Our Lady” redirects here. ... This article is about the musical term. ... Psalms (Tehilim תהילים, in Hebrew) is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. ... Look up retreat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


The observance of the "norms" should lead, through the sanctification of work and everyday life, to a spirit of joy, peace and divine filiation. Sanctification or in its verb form, sanctify, literally means to set apart for special use or purpose, that is to make holy or sacred (compare Latin sanctus holy). Therefore sanctification refers to the state or process of being set apart, i. ...

Closeup of a cilice-- a small metal chain with inwardly-pointing spikes

Much public attention has focused on Opus Dei's practice of mortification — the voluntary offering up of discomfort or pain to God. Mortification has a long history in many world religions, including the Catholic Church. It has been endorsed by Popes as a way of following Christ who died in a bloody crucifixion and who gave this advice: "renounce yourself, take up the cross daily, and follow me."[65] Supporters say that opposition to mortification is rooted in having lost (1) the "sense of the enormity of sin" or offense against God, (2) the notion of "wounded human nature" and of concupiscence or inclination to sin, and thus the need for "spiritual battle,"[66] and (3) a spirit of sacrifice for love and "supernatural ends," and not only for physical enhancement. Image File history File linksMetadata Cilice3. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Cilice3. ... It has been suggested that hairshirt be merged into this article or section. ... Flagellants mortifying the flesh, at the time of the Black Death Mortification of the flesh literally means putting the flesh to death. The term is primarily used in religious contexts, and is practiced in a variety of ways. ... Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution, where the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead. ... Also known as the Latin cross or crux ordinaria. ... For other uses, see Sin (disambiguation). ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... In theology, concupiscence refers to the orientation or inclination of human desire towards a partial good before any voluntary and conscious decision. ... Marcus Aurelius and members of the Imperial family offer sacrifice in gratitude for success against Germanic tribes: contemporary bas-relief, Capitoline Museum, Rome For other uses, see Sacrifice (disambiguation). ...


As a spirituality for ordinary people, Opus Dei focuses on performing sacrifices pertaining to normal duties and to its emphasis on charity and cheerfulness. Additionally, Opus Dei celibate members practice "corporal mortifications" such as sleeping without a pillow or sleeping on the floor, fasting, or remaining silent for certain hours during the day.[67][68] They may also wear a cilice, a small metal chain with inward-pointing spikes that is worn around their upper thigh. The cilice's spikes cause discomfort and may leave small marks, but typically do not cause bleeding.[69] Numeraries in Opus Dei generally wear a cilice for two hours each day.[67][70] Fasting is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time. ... It has been suggested that hairshirt be merged into this article or section. ...


Although use of the cilice is no longer common, its practice in the Catholic Church is "more widespread than many observers imagine."[30] In modern times it has been used by Blessed Mother Teresa, Saint Padre Pio, and slain archbishop Óscar Romero. On the other hand, critics state that self-mortification is a "startling," "extreme," and "questionable" practice — one that borders on masochism.[71] Mother Teresa (born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu IPA: ) (August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997) was a Roman Catholic nun who founded the Missionaries of Charity and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work. ... Pater Pio Saint Pater Pio (or Padre Pio) (May 25, 1887 - September 23, 1968) was an Italian priest who had stigmata for many years. ... Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez (August 15, 1917 – March 24, 1980), commonly known as Monseñor Romero, was a priest of the Roman Catholic Church in El Salvador. ...


Escrivá's opponents point out that his personal mortification practices were even more extreme than those typically performed by Opus Dei numeraries— in one incident, Escrivá flailed himself over a thousand times.[72][73] Opponents likewise criticize Escrivá's maxim on suffering: "Loved be pain. Sanctified be pain. Glorified be pain!" [67][74] Critics have cited mortification as one of the reasons for their opposition to Opus Dei. For other uses, see Opus Dei (disambiguation). ...


Types of membership

Main article: Types of membership of Opus Dei

Opus Dei is made up of several different types of membership:[7] Opus Deis United States Headquarters in New York City Opus Dei is made up of several different types of membership:[1] Supernumeraries, the largest type, currently account for about 70% of the total membership. ...


Supernumeraries, the largest type, currently account for about 70% of the total membership.[75] Typically, supernumeraries are married men and women with careers. Supernumeraries devote a portion of their day to prayer, in addition to attending regular meetings and taking part in activities such as retreats. Due to their career and family obligations, supernumeraries are not as available to the organization as the other types of members, but they typically contribute financially to Opus Dei, and they lend other types of assistance as their circumstances permit. Supernumerary is a member of the staff or an employee who works in a public office but is not part of the manpower complement. ...


Numeraries, the second largest type of members of Opus Dei, comprise about 20% of total membership.[75] Numeraries are celibate members who usually live in special centers run by Opus Dei. Both men and women may become numeraries, although the centers are strictly gender-segregated.[76] Numeraries generally have careers and devote the bulk of their income to the organization.[77] Numerary is a civil designation for persons who are incorporated in a fixed or permanent way to a society or group: regular member of the working staff; permanent staff or member; distinguished from a supernumerary. ...


Numerary assistants are unmarried, celibate female members of Opus Dei. They live in special centers run by Opus Dei but do not have conventional jobs outside the centers — instead, their professional life is dedicated to looking after the domestic needs of the centers. Opus Deis United States Headquarters in New York City Opus Dei is made up of several different types of membership:[1] Supernumeraries, the largest type, currently account for about 70% of the total membership. ...

Monsignor Javier Echevarria, the current Prelate of Opus Dei
Monsignor Javier Echevarria, the current Prelate of Opus Dei

Associates are unmarried, celibate members who typically have family or professional obligations.[77] Unlike numeraries and numerary assistants, the associates do not live inside the special Opus Dei centers.[78] Image File history File links Bishopjechevarria. ... Image File history File links Bishopjechevarria. ... Javier Echevarria Rodriguez, a Roman Catholic prelate, was born in Madrid on June 14, 1932. ... Opus Deis United States Headquarters in New York City Opus Dei is made up of several different types of membership:[1] Supernumeraries, the largest type, currently account for about 70% of the total membership. ...


The Clergy of the Opus Dei Prelature are priests who are under the jurisdiction of the Prelate of Opus Dei. They are a minority in Opus Dei— only about 2% of Opus Dei members are part of the clergy.[75] Typically, they are numeraries or associates who ultimately joined the priesthood. Opus Deis United States Headquarters in New York City Opus Dei is made up of several different types of membership:[1] Supernumeraries, the largest type, currently account for about 70% of the total membership. ...


The Priestly Society of the Holy Cross consists of priests associated with Opus Dei. Part of the society is made up of the clergy of the Opus Dei prelature — members of the priesthood who fall under the jurisdiction of the Opus Dei prelature are automatically members of the Priestly Society. Other members in the society are traditional diocesan priests — clergymen who remain under the jurisdiction of a geographically-defined diocese. Technically speaking, such diocesan priests have not "joined" Opus Dei membership, although they have joined a society that is closely affiliated with Opus Dei.[79]


The Cooperators of Opus Dei are those who, despite not being members of Opus Dei, collaborate in some way with Opus Dei — usually through praying, charitable contributions, or by providing some other assistance. Cooperators are not required to be celibate or to adhere to any other special requirements. Indeed, cooperators are not even required to be Christian.[79] Opus Deis United States Headquarters in New York City Opus Dei is made up of several different types of membership:[1] Supernumeraries, the largest type, currently account for about 70% of the total membership. ...


In accordance with Catholic theology, membership is granted when a vocation, or divine calling is presumed to have occurred. A vocation is an occupation, either professional or voluntary, that is seen to those who carry it out as offering more than simply financial reward. ...


Catholic Church support

Main article: Opus Dei and Catholic Church leaders
Pope John Paul II, who made Opus Dei the first, and so far the only personal prelature.
Pope John Paul II, who made Opus Dei the first, and so far the only personal prelature.

The bishop of Madrid where Opus Dei was born, Leopoldo Eijo y Garay, supported Opus Dei and defended it in the 1940s by saying that "this opus is truly Dei" (this work is truly God's). Contrary to attacks of secrecy and heresy, the bishop described Opus Dei's founder as someone who is "open as a child" and "most obedient to the Church hierarchy."[80] Opus Dei and Catholic Church Leaders discusses the comments and observations of Popes, Cardinals and other leaders of the Catholic Church as regards the Personal Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei. ... Image File history File linksMetadata JPII+firstprelateofopusdeiadelportillo. ... Image File history File linksMetadata JPII+firstprelateofopusdeiadelportillo. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of...


In 1960, Pope John XXIII commented that Opus Dei opens up "unsuspected horizons of apostolate".[12] Furthermore, in 1964, Pope Paul VI praised the organization in a handwritten letter to Escrivá, saying: Pope John XXIII (Latin: ; Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ...

Opus Dei is "a vigorous expression of the perennial youth of the Church, fully open to the demands of a modern apostolate... We look with paternal satisfaction on all that Opus Dei has achieved and is achieving for the kingdom of God, the desire of doing good that guides it, the burning love for the Church and its visible head that distinguishes it, and the ardent zeal for souls that impels it along the arduous and difficult paths of the apostolate of presence and witness in every sector of contemporary life."[12]

Despite his praise, the relationship between Paul VI and Opus Dei has been described by one Opus Dei critic as "stormy".[81][82] After the Second Vatican Council concluded in 1965, Pope Paul VI denied Opus Dei's petition to become a personal prelature. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. ...


Pope John Paul I, a few years before his election, wrote that Escrivá was more radical than other saints who taught about the universal call to holiness. While others emphasized some monastic practices applied to lay people, for Escrivá "it is the material work itself which must be turned into prayer and sanctity", thus providing a lay spirituality. [83] Pope John Paul I (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo I), born Albino Luciani, (October 17, 1912—September 28, 1978) reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and as Sovereign of Vatican City from August 26, 1978 until his death. ... Universal Call to Holiness and Apostolate is a teaching of the Roman Catholic Church that all people are called to be holy. ...


With the 1978 election of Pope John Paul II, Opus Dei gained one of its greatest supporters.[84] John Paul II cited Opus Dei's aim of sanctifying secular activities as a "great ideal." He emphasized that Escrivá's founding of Opus Dei was ductus divina inspiratione, led by divine inspiration, and he granted the organization its status as a personal prelature.[1] Stating that Escrivá is "counted among the great witnesses of Christianity," John Paul II canonized him in 2002, and called him "the saint of ordinary life."[85] Of the organization, John Paul II said: Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of...

"[Opus Dei] has as its aim the sanctification of one’s life, while remaining within the world at one’s place of work and profession: to live the Gospel in the world, while living immersed in the world, but in order to transform it, and to redeem it with one’s personal love for Christ. This is truly a great ideal, which right from the beginning has anticipated the theology of the lay state of the Second Vatican Council and the post-conciliar period."[10]

One-third of the world's bishops petitioned for the canonization of Escrivá. During the canonization, there were 42 cardinals and 470 bishops from around the world, general superiors of many orders and religious congregations, and representatives of various Catholic groups. During those days, these Church officials commented on the universal reach and validity of the message of the founder.[86] The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      This article... The word cardinal comes from the Latin cardo for hinge and usually refers to things of fundamental importance, as in cardinal rule or cardinal sins. ... A Superior General, or General Superior, is the Superior at the head of a whole religious order or congregation. ... A Taoist monk playing an instrument. ... A congregation is a religious institute of Roman Catholics in which only simple vows, not solemn vows, are taken. ...


The current pope, Benedict XVI, is also a particularly strong supporter of Opus Dei and of Escrivá. Pointing to the name "Work of God", Benedict XVI (then Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger), wrote that "The Lord simply made use of [Escrivá] who allowed God to work." Ratzinger cited Escrivá for correcting the mistaken idea that holiness is reserved to some extraordinary people who are completely different from ordinary sinners: Even if he can be very weak, with many mistakes in his life, a saint is nothing other than to speak with God as a friend speaks with a friend, allowing God to work, the Only One who can really make the world both good and happy. Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: ; born April 16, 1927 as Joseph Alois Ratzinger in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany) is the 265th reigning pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City. ...


Ratzinger spoke of Opus Dei's "surprising union of absolute fidelity to the Church’s great tradition, to its faith, and unconditional openness to all the challenges of this world, whether in the academic world, in the field of work, or in matters of the economy, etc."[18] He further explained:

"the theocentrism of Escrivá...means this confidence in the fact that God is working now and we ought only to put ourselves at his disposal...This, for me, is a message of greatest importance. It is a message that leads to overcoming what could be considered the great temptation of our times: the pretense that after the 'Big Bang' God retired from history."[18]

For other uses, see Big Bang (disambiguation). ...

Controversy

Main article: Controversies about Opus Dei

Opus Dei is depicted as a dangerous cult by the Da Vinci Code. ...

Criticism

Opus Dei has been called "the most controversial force in the Catholic Church",[30] and Escrivá has been described as a "polarizing" figure.[87] In the English-speaking world, the most vocal critic of Opus Dei is a group called the Opus Dei Awareness Network (ODAN), a non-profit organization that exists "to provide education, outreach and support to people who have been adversely affected by Opus Dei." ODAN is headed by Diane DiNicola, mother of a former member, Tammy DiNicola. [88] Other critics include former members of Opus Dei, liberal Catholic theologians such as Fr. James Martin, a Jesuit, and supporters of Liberation theology, such as Penny Lernoux and Michael Walsh, an ex-Jesuit.[75][89] James Martin is the associate editor of the Jesuit magazine America. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... In Christianity, liberation theology is a school of theology that focuses on Jesus Christ as not only the Redeemer but also the Liberator of the oppressed. ... Penny Lernoux (January 6, 1940 – October 9, 1989) was an American journalist and writer. ...


David Clark, who specializes in helping people leave cults, say that Opus Dei is either a "cult", or at least "cult-like".[90] Critics state that Opus Dei is "intensely secretive"— for example, members generally do not publicly disclose their affiliation with Opus Dei, and under the 1950 constitution, members were expressly forbidden to reveal themselves without the permission of their superiors.[17] This practice has led to rampant speculation about who may be a member.[17] Opus Dei has been accused of deceptive and aggressive recruitment practices such as showering potential members with intense praise ("Love bombing"),[91] instructing numeraries to form friendships and attend social gatherings explicitly for recruiting purposes,[77] and even requiring regular written reports from its members about those friends who are potential recruits.[92] Most of all, critics allege that the group maintains an extremely high degree of control over its members— there used to be a time when numeraries submitted their incoming and outgoing mail to their superiors to read,[93] and members are forbidden to read certain books without permission from their superiors.[93] Critics charge that Opus Dei pressures numeraries to sever contact with non-members, including their own families.[91] Love bombing is the deliberate show of affection or friendship by an individual or a group of people toward another individual. ...


Critics assert that Escrivá and the organization supported the governments of Francisco Franco[94] and Augusto Pinochet,[95] and it has even been alleged that Escrivá expressed sympathy for Adolf Hitler. [96] One former Opus Dei priest, Vladimir Felzmann, who has become a vocal Opus Dei critic even contends that Escrivá once remarked that Hitler had been "badly treated" by the world and he further declared that "Hitler couldn't have been such a bad person. He couldn't have killed six million [Jews]. It couldn't have been more than four million."[97][98][99] (see Opus Dei and politics) “Franco” redirects here. ... Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte[1] (November 25, 1915 – December 10, 2006) was President of Chile from 1974 to 1990, as well as head of the government junta from 1973 to 1974. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Opus Dei and politics is a discussion on Opus Deis view on politics, its role in politics and its members involvement in politics. ...


Concerning the group's role in the Catholic Church, critics have argued that Opus Dei's unique status as a personal prelature gives it too much independence, making it essentially a "church within a church".[100] Some critics claim that Opus Dei exerts a disproportionately large influence within the Catholic Church itself, citing for example the unusually rapid canonization of Escrivá, which some considered to be irregular.[101] Lastly, Opus Dei, as a part of the Roman Catholic Church, also shares any criticisms of Catholicism in general— for example, some criticize the fact that female members of Opus Dei cannot become priests or prelates.[102] “Catholic Church” redirects here. ...


Replies to criticism

John Allen, Jr.,[30] Vittorio Messori,[86] Patrice de Plunkett,[103] Catholic journalists who did separate studies on Opus Dei, contend that Opus Dei has been falsely maligned.[104][8][91] John L. Allen, Jr. explained this view by saying: "There are two Opus Deis: an Opus Dei of myth and an Opus Dei of reality," since he perceived that Opus Dei members generally practice what they preach.[105][106] John L. Allen, Jr. ... Vittorio Messori is an Italian journalist and writer. ... Patrice de Plunkett, French journalist and essayist Patrice de Plunkett is a French journalist and essayist who specializes in analyzing social issues. ... John L. Allen, Jr. ...


Allen says "Opus Dei cannot be called secretive." Accusations of secrecy, he says, stem from mistakenly equating its members with monks and expecting members to behave as clerics. Instead, its lay members, like any normal professional, are ultimately responsible for their personal actions, and do not externally represent the prelature which provides them spiritual training. Opus Dei itself, he says, provides abundant information.[107] To explain the celibate lifestyle of numeraries and their relationship with their family, supporters quote Jesus's comment that "He who loves his father or mother more than me is not worthy of me".[108] Catholic officials say that church authorities have even greater control of Opus Dei now that its head is a prelate appointed by the Pope and they argue members are "even more conscious of belonging to the Church".[52][109] Celibacy may refer either to being unmarried or to sexual abstinence. ... Numerary is a civil designation for persons who are incorporated in a fixed or permanent way to a society or group: regular member of the working staff; permanent staff or member; distinguished from a supernumerary. ...

Opus Dei central headquarters in Rome
Opus Dei central headquarters in Rome

Supporters deny that support of Franco during the Spanish Civil War was unique to Opus Dei. As John L. Allen, Jr. observed: "it’s worth noting that in the context of the Spanish Civil War, in which anticlerical Republican forces killed 13 bishops, 4,000 diocesan priests, 2,000 male religious, and 300 nuns, virtually every group and layer of life in the Catholic Church in Spain was ‘pro-Franco’." He said that at the end of Franco's regime, Opus Dei members were 50-50 for and against Franco. [110] Peter Berglar, a German historian and Opus Dei member, argued that connecting Opus Dei with the Franco government is a "gross slander,"[111] because there were notable members of Opus Dei who were vocal critics of the Franco Regime.[112] Similarly Álvaro del Portillo, the former Prelate of Opus Dei, said that any claims that Escrivá supported Hitler were "a patent falsehood," that were part of "a slanderous campaign".[113] He and others have stated that Escriva condemned Hitler as a "rogue", a "racist" and a "tyrant". [114] Allen said that Escriva was staunchly non-political, and repeatedly stressed that freedom is an essential element of Opus Dei. He said that Escriva's relatively quick canonization does not have anything to do with power but with improvements in procedures and John Paul II's decision to make Escriva's sanctity and message known.[30] (see Opus Dei and politics) Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 382 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture of the Opus Dei Central Offices at Viale Bruno Buozzi, Parioli District, Rome. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 382 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture of the Opus Dei Central Offices at Viale Bruno Buozzi, Parioli District, Rome. ... John L. Allen, Jr. ... Peter Berglar was a German Historian. ... BishopÁlvaro del Portillo being ordained by John Paul II Álvaro del Portillo, or Álvaro del Portillo y Diez de Sollano, (March 11, 1914 - March 23, 1994), was a Spanish engineer and Roman Catholic bishop. ... Opus Dei and politics is a discussion on Opus Deis view on politics, its role in politics and its members involvement in politics. ...


Supporters of Opus Dei have also questioned the motives and reliability of some critics. Sociologists like Bryan R. Wilson point out that some former members of any religious group may have psychological or emotional motivations to criticize their former groups, and they claim that such individuals are prone to create fictitious "atrocity stories" which have no basis in reality.[115] Many supporters of Opus Dei have expressed the belief that the criticisms of Opus Dei stem from a generalized disapproval of spirituality, Christianity, or Catholicism. Expressing this sentiment, one Opus Dei member, Julian Cardinal Herranz, stated "Opus Dei has become a victim of Christianophobia."[116] Massimo Introvigne argues that critics employ the term "cult" in order to intentionally stigmatize Opus Dei because "they cannot tolerate 'the return to religion' of the secularized society".[11] Bryan Ronald Wilson, (25 June 1926 Leeds - 9 October 2004 Middleton Stoney, Oxfordshire), was the Reader Emeritus in Sociology at the University of Oxford and was President of the International Society for the Sociology of Religion between 1971 and 1975. ... An atrocity story as defined by the sociologists David G. Bromley and Anson D. Shupe is the symbolic presentation of action or events (real or imaginary) in such a context that they are made flagrantly to violate the (presumably) shared premises upon which a given set of social relationships should... Julián Cardinal Herranz Casado (born March 31, 1930) is a Roman Catholic cardinal and President Emeritus of Interpretation of Legislative Texts for the Roman Curia. ... Christianophobia, also called christophobia, is a term used by some to describe an irrational fear or hatred of Christians, or Christianity in general. ... Massimo Introvigne (b. ... Social stigma is severe social disapproval of personal characteristics or beliefs that are against cultural norms. ...


Regarding women, John Allen reports that half of the leadership positions in Opus Dei are held by women, and they supervise men.[117] The Catholic Church emphasizes that "the greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven are not the ministers but the saints." [118]


Lastly, some supporters of Opus Dei have viewed the controversy surrounding the organization as a "Sign of contradiction", in reference to the biblical quote of Jesus Christ as a "sign that is spoken against."[119][86][120] Christ crucified. ...


Opus Dei in popular culture

In the 1997 novel The Genesis Code by John Case, the leader of Opus Dei is portrayed as the novel's antagonist. In the novel, Opus Dei members are sent on a mission to execute children who were conceived using genetically engineered oocytes. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (396x670, 336 KB) Summary United States book cover of the 2003 novel The Da Vinci Code, by Dan Brown Altered from the source : Barnes & Noble: [1] Licensing Herbert A. Ortillano This image is of a book cover, and the copyright for... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (396x670, 336 KB) Summary United States book cover of the 2003 novel The Da Vinci Code, by Dan Brown Altered from the source : Barnes & Noble: [1] Licensing Herbert A. Ortillano This image is of a book cover, and the copyright for... John Case is the pseudonym of Jim and Carolyn Hougan, husband and wife, both published authors in their own right. ... An oocyte or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction. ...


Since 2003, Opus Dei has received world attention as a result of Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code and the 2006 film based on the novel.[121] In The Da Vinci Code, Opus Dei is portrayed as a Catholic organization that is led into a sinister international conspiracy.[122] This article is about the novel. ... The Da Vinci Code is a 2006 feature film based on the bestselling 2003 novel The Da Vinci Code, by author Dan Brown. ...


In general, The Da Vinci Code has been sharply criticized for its numerous factual inaccuracies, and its conspiracy theory has been debunked by a wide array of scholars and historians.[123][124] According to the Bishop of Durham, the Rt Rev Dr Tom Wright, the novel is a "great thriller" but "lousy history".[125] For example, the major villain in The Da Vinci Code is a monk who is member of Opus Dei — but in reality there are no monks in Opus Dei.[36] The Da Vinci Code implies that Opus Dei is the Pope's personal prelature — but the term "personal prelature" does not refer to a special relationship to the Pope: It means an institution in which the jurisdiction of the prelate is not linked to a geographic territory but over persons, wherever they be.[65] Nonetheless, Brown claims that his portrayal of Opus Dei was based on interviews with members and ex-members, and books about Opus Dei.[126] An Opus Dei spokesman questions this claim.[127] See Criticisms of The Da Vinci Code. This article is about the controversies regarding the novel. ...


The 2007 movie Breach details the capture of the spy Robert Hanssen. Breach briefly includes dialog that refers to Hanssen trying to recruit his assistant's wife into Opus Dei. In the movie, Hanssen is portrayed as a devout Catholic who attends traditional Latin masses. Breach is a 2007 film starring Chris Cooper, Ryan Phillippe, and Laura Linney. ... This article is about a former FBI official and convicted spy. ...


See also

Teachings of Opus Dei discusses the teachings of the founder of Opus Dei, St. ... St. ... Opus Dei and Catholic Church Leaders discusses the comments and observations of Popes, Cardinals and other leaders of the Catholic Church as regards the Personal Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei. ... Opus Dei is depicted as a dangerous cult by the Da Vinci Code. ... Opus Dei and politics is a discussion on Opus Deis view on politics, its role in politics and its members involvement in politics. ... IESE Business School of the University of Navarra: A top business school, according to Financial Times and the Economist Intelligence Unit. ... Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer (Thursday, January 9, 1902 – Thursday, June 26, 1975) (also known as Jose María or Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer y Albás, born José María Mariano Escriba Albás) was a Spanish Catholic priest and founder of the Prelature of the Holy... St. ... Opus Dei: A Historical Timeline shows the historical development of Opus Dei. ... Opus Deis United States Headquarters in New York City Opus Dei is made up of several different types of membership:[1] Supernumeraries, the largest type, currently account for about 70% of the total membership. ... The University of Navarra is a private pontifical university based at the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain. ... Pontifical University of the Holy Cross is a canonically established pontifical university, under the the Roman Catholic Churchs Congregation of Catholic Education, which it has entrusted to the Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei or more commonly called Opus Dei. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Preces is a prayer said by members of Roman Catholic group Opus Dei. ... Christian materialism is the combination of the theology, concepts, and holy writings of Christianity with the philosophy of materialism, which places primary importance on material objects and their interrelationships. ...

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e Pope John Paul II. Apostolic Constitution Ut Sit, Establishing Opus Dei as the first Personal Prelature of the Catholic Church. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  2. ^ Address of John Paul II in Praise of St. Josemaría, Founder of Opus Dei. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
  3. ^ Decoding secret world of Opus Dei. BBC News. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  4. ^ Bill Tammeus (October 19, 2005). Bishop confirms connection to group. Kansas City Star. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. mirrored on RickRoss.com, as well as here and here
  5. ^ a b Religious Movements Homepage Project entry on Opus Dei. University of Virginia. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Historical Overview. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  7. ^ a b c Opus Dei. BBC Religion and Ethics. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  8. ^ a b Kim Lawton (June 29, 2001). Opus Dei. PBS Religion & Ethics Newsweekly. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  9. ^ The Da Vinci Code: Frequently Asked Questions. DanBrown.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  10. ^ a b Opus Dei’s focus on secular life. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.; Allen, John, Jr. Opus Dei, 2005 and Messori, Vittorio, Opus Dei, 1997.
  11. ^ a b Massimo Introvigne (1994). Opus Dei and the Anti-cult Movement. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  12. ^ a b c Papal statements on Opus Dei. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  13. ^ St. Josemaría Escriva de Balaguer. Catholic Online. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  14. ^ Terry Mattingly. `Da Vinci Code' mania opened up Opus Dei. Alburquerque Tribune. Retrieved on 2007-04-02.
  15. ^ Opus Dei. JosemariaEscriva.info. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  16. ^ Vatican proves the power of Opus Dei Founder. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  17. ^ a b c d David Van Biema. "The Ways of Opus Dei", Time, April 19, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-03-24. 
  18. ^ a b c Pope Benedict XVI on St. Josemaría Escriva. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  19. ^ The Founding of Opus Dei. JosemariaEscriva.info. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  20. ^ Escrivá, Josemaría. Conversations 60. Retrieved on 2006-05-16.
  21. ^ Josemaria Escriva: Highlights of His Life. Eternal Word Television Network. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  22. ^ Historical Overview. JosemariaEscriva.info. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  23. ^ Escrivá, Josemaría. Conversations 33. Retrieved on 2007-05-30.
  24. ^ The Way. EscrivaWorks.org. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  25. ^ Philip Copens. Deciphering the Da Vinci Code. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  26. ^ Opus Dei. MSN Encarta. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  27. ^ Blessed Josemaría Escrivá to be canonized. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  28. ^ John L. Allen Jr. 300,000 pilgrims turn out for canonization of Opus Dei founder. National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  29. ^ The Process of Canonization. JosemariaEscriva.info. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  30. ^ a b c d e f John Allen (2005). Opus Dei: An Objective Look Behind the Myths and Reality of the Most Controversial Force in the Catholic Church. Doubleday Religion. 
  31. ^ Guardian/Associated Press. Pope blesses statue of Opus Dei founder. Retrieved on 2007-04-02.
  32. ^ Fr. John McCloskey (March 1995). The Pope and Opus Dei. Crisis Magazine. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. mirrored on CatholiCity
  33. ^ Opus Dei’s focus on secular life. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  34. ^ 'Da Vinci' And Opus Dei. The New York Sun. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  35. ^ A Glimpse Inside a Catholic 'Force': Opus Dei. National Public Radio. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  36. ^ a b Opus Dei called 'complete opposite' of 'The Da Vinci Code' portrayal. Catholic News Service. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  37. ^ a b Message of Opus Dei. Opus Dei website. Retrieved on 2007-03-11.
  38. ^ Decree of Canonization. JoseMaria.info. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  39. ^ Josemaría Escrivá. Chapter 15: "Work". Furrow. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  40. ^ Josemaria Escriva: Work and Holiness. Eternal Word Television Network. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  41. ^ Josemaría Escrivá. Opus Dei: an Association which fosters the Search for Holiness in the World. Conversations. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
  42. ^ Opus Dei as a Political Force in Post Cold War Latin America: Civil Society, Associationalism, and Democracy. American Political Science Association. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  43. ^ Interview with Opus Dei National Spokesman. ABC News. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. mirrored on RickRoss.com
  44. ^ Homily of Bishop Echevarría. Romana: Official Bulletin of Opus Dei. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  45. ^ Josemaría Escrivá. What is the Attraction of Opus Dei. Conversations. Retrieved on 2007-07-04.
  46. ^ Josemaría Escrivá. Working for God. Friends of God. Retrieved on 2007-07-04.
  47. ^ Opus Dei:Foundation and Purpose. Apologetics index. Retrieved on 2007-05-16.
  48. ^ or a "great catechsis" Catechetical Trips. JosemariaEscriva.info. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  49. ^ St. Liguori et Als on vocation and Opus Dei. Opus Dei : A Dialogue Between Friend and Foe. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  50. ^ Biema. "The Ways of Opus Dei", Time, April 19, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-03-24. 
  51. ^ Domingo Ramos-Lissón. The Example of the Early Christians in Blessed Josemaria's Teachings. Romana: The Official Bulletin of Opus Dei. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  52. ^ a b Place in the Church. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  53. ^ Dennis Dubro. Government, Direction and Control in Opus Dei. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  54. ^ What is Opus Dei - Governance. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  55. ^ a b Opus Dei. IdeasRapidas.org. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  56. ^ a b 1982 Statutes of Opus Dei. Opus Dei. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.mirrored on Odan.org. Original Latin version on Opus Dei Official Site
  57. ^ Ruth Gledhill. Controversial Catholic group is given care of parish church. Times Online. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  58. ^ Opus Dei: Its Mission, Structure and Members. Zenit News Agency. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  59. ^ Opus Dei has stake in new pope. Newsday. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  60. ^ Cardinals Tauran and Herranz installed at their titular churches. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  61. ^ Opus Dei Corporate Works. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  62. ^ University of Navarra Named Top Private University. IESE Business School Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  63. ^ Top of the Class. Economist Intelligence Unit:Which MBA. Retrieved on 2007-07-05.
  64. ^ The Life of Prayer. Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 2697-8. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
  65. ^ a b The Da Vinci Code, the Catholic Church and Opus Dei. Opus Dei Official Site. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  66. ^ The consequences of Adam's sin for humanity. Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 405. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
  67. ^ a b c Corporal Mortification in Opus Dei. Opus Dei Awareness Network. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  68. ^ David Ruppe (June 18, 2001). Opus Dei: A Return to Tradition. ABC News. Retrieved on 2006-11-28. mirrored at rickross.com and here
  69. ^ They Whip Themselves, Don’t They?. The Da Vinci Code & Opus Dei. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  70. ^ Suzanne Smith (November 28, 2005). An inside look at Opus Dei. Australian Broadcasting Corporation "Lateline".
  71. ^ Scalia and Opus Dei. Counterpunch (January 17,2004).
  72. ^ Sharon Clasen. Making Modern-Day Martyrs using Medieval Methods.
  73. ^ Behind The Shroud Of Opus Dei. CBS News (April 30, 2006).
  74. ^ Mike Whitney. The Way. EscrivaWorks.org. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  75. ^ a b c d Catholics scrutinize enigmatic Opus Dei. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. mirrored on RickRoss.com and here
  76. ^ Conservative Catholic Influence in Europe. Center for Research on Population and Security. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  77. ^ a b c James Martin, S.J.. Opus Dei In the United States. America: The National Catholic Weekly. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  78. ^ Opus Dei. Cephas Library. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  79. ^ a b Raphael Caamano. The Priestly Society of the Holy Cross. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  80. ^ Vázquez de Prada, Andrés, The Founder of Opus Dei: The life of Josemaría Escrivá, Volume 1: The early years, New York, 2000.
  81. ^ Ruth Bertels. The Ethics of Opus Dei. TakingFive.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  82. ^ Evolution of Opus Dei. Opus Dei Awareness Network. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  83. ^ Ordinary Christians in the World. EWTN. Retrieved on 2007-03-9.
  84. ^ Opus Dei. Sourcewatch.org. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  85. ^ Top 100 Catholics of the Century. Daily Catholic. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  86. ^ a b c Messori, Vittorio (1997). Opus Dei, Leadership and Vision in Today's Catholic Church. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 0-89526-450-1. 
  87. ^ Brennan Hill. Who Stood For and Against Hitler?. American Catholic. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  88. ^ The Opus Dei Awareness Network (ODAN). ODAN.org. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  89. ^ Leslie Crawford. Opus Dei's influence promotes a sainthood. Financial Times (London). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.mirrored on RickRoss.com
  90. ^ John Allen (April 30 2006). El Opus Dei desde dentro. El Pais.
  91. ^ a b c Abbott Karloff (May 14, 2006). Opus Dei members: 'Da Vinci' distorted. Daily Record. Retrieved on 2006-11-27. mirrored on ReligionNewsBlog.com
  92. ^ Opus Dei's Questionable Practices. Opus Dei Awareness Network.
  93. ^ a b Paul Moses. Fact, Fiction And Opus Dei. Newsday. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  94. ^ Giles Tremlett (October 5, 2002). Sainthood beckons for priest linked to Franco. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  95. ^ Deborah Kovach. Princeton Catholic Divided. The Trenton Times. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  96. ^ Barry James (April 14, 1992). Rocky Road to Sainthood for a 'Choleric' Cleric. International Herald Tribune. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  97. ^ Damian Thompson (January 18,2005). A creepy scrape with the Da Vinci Code set.
  98. ^ Kenneth L. Woodward (January 13, 1992). "Opus Dei Prepares to Stand By Its Man". Newsweek. 
  99. ^ Robert Hutchinson (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. Thomas Dunne Books, p.15. ISBN 0-312-19344-0. 
  100. ^ Opus Dei in the open. The Bulletin (10/02/2002). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.
  101. ^ Paul Baumann. Let There Be Light: A look inside the hidden world of Opus Dei. Washington Monthly. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  102. ^ Craig Offman (December 2003). Thank you Lord, may I have another?. GQ Magazine.
  103. ^ Patrice de Plunkett. Entretien avec l’auteur de L’Opus Dei – Enquête sur le « monstre ». Zenit News Agency. Retrieved on 2007-06-20.
  104. ^ Peter Gould. The rise of Opus Dei. BBC News. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  105. ^ Interview with John L. Allen. Kansas City Star. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  106. ^ Interview with John Allen. PBS:Religion&Ethics. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  107. ^ Edward Pentin. Profiles: John Allen. The American. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  108. ^ Christoph Schonborn, O.P.. Are there sects in the Catholic Church?. Eternal Word Television Network. Retrieved on 2006-11-27., Matthew 10:37
  109. ^ Francesco Monterisi. The Personal Prelature: a Framework which Enriches the Communion of the Church. Opus Dei website. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  110. ^ John Allen (2005). Opus Dei: An Objective Look Behind the Myths and Reality of the Most Controversial Force in the Catholic Church. Doubleday Religion. 
  111. ^ Berglar, P., Opus Dei, 1987,
  112. ^ See Antonio Fontan and Rafael Calvo Serer
  113. ^ del Portillo, Álvaro; Cesare Cavalleri (1996). Immersed in God: Blessed Josemaria Escriva, Founder of Opus Dei As Seen by His Successor, Bishop Álvaro del Portillo. Scepter Publishers. ISBN 0-933932-85-5. 
  114. ^ See Pilar Urbano (1995). El hombre de Villa Tevere. Retrieved on 2007-01-28.
  115. ^ Bryan Ronald Wilson (December 3, 1994). Apostates and New Religious Movements. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  116. ^ Julian Cardinal Herranz, quoted in Javier Espinoza. Opus Dei is not a Sect. OhmyNews. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  117. ^ Julia Baird (2006). Tall tale ignites an overdue debate. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
  118. ^ Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Approved for Publication by His Holiness Pope Paul VI (1976). Declaration on the Question of the Admission of Women to the Ministerial Priesthood (Inter Insigniores). Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
  119. ^ You can trust them to sell you a car. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  120. ^ Richard Gordon. What is Opus Dei, and what role does it play at Franciscan University?. The University Concourse. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  121. ^ Da Vinci Decoded. The History Channel. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  122. ^ Nicole Zarayn. Opus Dei and The Da Vinci Code. National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  123. ^ Charles Taylor (March 27,2003). The Da Vinci Code" by Dan Brown. Salon.com.
  124. ^ Ehrman, Bart (November 1, 2004). Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code: A Historian Reveals What We Really Know about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and Constantine. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0195181401. 
  125. ^ Da Vinci Code is 'lousy history'. BBC News (24 December, 2004).
  126. ^ The Da Vinci Code: Frequently Asked Questions. DanBrown.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  127. ^ Opus Dei on John Allen's New Book. Zenit News Agency (DEC. 25, 2005).

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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Time (whose trademark is capitalized TIME) is a weekly American newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Time (whose trademark is capitalized TIME) is a weekly American newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Zenit News Agency is an international news agency. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Zenit News Agency is an international news agency. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Antonio Fontan, Spanish journalist who fought for press freedom. ... Rafael Calvo Serer (1916-1988) was a University Professor of History of Spanish Philosophy, a writer, essayist. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Julián Cardinal Herranz Casado (born March 31, 1930) is a Roman Catholic cardinal and President Emeritus of Interpretation of Legislative Texts for the Roman Curia. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Zenit News Agency is an international news agency. ...

Further reading

Main article: Opus Dei: Bibliography
  • Allen, John, Jr. (2005). Opus Dei: an Objective Look Behind the Myths and Reality of the Most Controversial Force in the Catholic Church, Doubleday Religion. ISBN 0-385-51449-2 — Some online excerpts are: Opus Dei: An Introduction, Chapter I: A Quick Overview, Chapter 4: Contemplatives in the Middle of the World, Chapter 7: Opus Dei and Secrecy
  • Berglar, Peter (1994). Opus Dei. Life and Work of its Founder. Scepter. — online here
  • Estruch, Joan (1995). Saints and Schemers: Opus Dei and its paradoxes. — online Spanish version here
  • Friedlander, Noam (2005). "What Is Opus Dei? Tales of God, Blood, Money and Faith" Collins & Brown. ISBN-10: 1843402882. ISBN-13: 978-1843402886. - A Wholesome Reality Hides Behind A Dark Conspiracy
  • Hahn, Scott (2006). Ordinary Work, Extraordinary Grace: My Spiritual Journey in Opus Dei. Random House Double Day Religion. ISBN 978-0-385-51924-3 — online excerpt of Chapter One here
  • Introvigne, Massimo (May 1994). "Opus Dei and the Anti-cult Movement". Cristianità, 229, p. 3-12 — online here
  • John Paul II. Sacred Congregation for Bishops. (23 August 1982). Vatican Declaration on Opus Dei. — online here
  • Luciani, Albino Cardinal (John Paul I) (25 July 1978). "Seeking God through everyday work". Il Gazzettino Venice. — online here
  • Martin, James, S.J. (25 February 1995). "Opus Dei in the United States". America Magazine. — online here
  • Messori, Vittorio (1997). Opus Dei, Leadership and Vision in Today's Catholic Church. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 0-89526-450-1.  — online Spanish version here
  • O'Connor, William. Opus Dei: An Open Book. A Reply to "The Secret World of Opus Dei" by Michael Walsh, Mercier Press, Dublin, 1991 — online here
  • Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal (Benedict XVI) (9 October 2002). "St. Josemaria: God is very much at work in our world today". L'Osservatore Romano Weekly Edition in English, p. 3. — online here
  • Schall, James, S.J. (Aug-Sept 1996). "Of Saintly Timber". Homiletic and Pastoral Review. — review of Estruch's work, online here
  • Shaw, Russel (1994). Ordinary Christians in the World. Office of Communications, Prelature of Opus Dei in the US. — online here
  • Walsh, Michael (2004). Opus Dei: An Investigation into the Powerful Secretive Society within the Catholic Church. Harper San Francisco.

is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...

External links

Sites supporting Opus Dei

  • Opus Dei Official Site
  • Romana, the Opus Dei's Official Bulletin
  • The founder of Opus Dei Official Site

Sites critical of Opus Dei

  • Opus Dei Awareness Network - by ex-members and family
  • The Unofficial Opus Dei FAQ
  • OpusLibros.org By ex members, Spanish.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Opus Dei | Definition | Information | Explanation | Review | WikiCity.com - Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia, Free Content, ... (2486 words)
The stated aim of Opus Dei is "to contribute to [the] evangelizing mission of the Church by spreading the universal call to holiness"; it "encourages Christians of all social classes to live consistently with their faith, in the middle of the ordinary circumstances of their lives, especially through the sanctification of their work".
Opus Dei's supporters have said that these are all traditional Catholic practices that can be suitable for the lay state as well as religious orders, and that the organization's secular mentality and emphasis on living the Christian faith in the secular world distinguish it from a religious order.
Opus Dei states that its members are completely free in their personal, professional and political lives, and that the organization plays no role in the professional decisions made by members, including those who work in politics, and therefore cannot be held responsible for them.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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