State of Oregon
Flag of Oregon (front) Seal Nickname(s): Beaver State Motto(s): Alis volat propriis (She flies with her own wings) The Union (de facto)
Official language(s)	(none)[1]
Capital	Salem
Largest city	Portland
Largest metro area	Greater Portland
Area	Ranked 9th
- Total	98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)
- Width	260 miles (420 km)
- Length	360 miles (580 km)
- % water	2.4
- Latitude	42° N to 46° 18′ N
- Longitude	116° 28′ W to 124° 38′ W
Population	Ranked 27th
- Total	3,421,399
- Density	35.6/sq mi  13.76/km² (39th)
Elevation
- Highest point	Mount Hood[2] 11,239 ft  (3,425 m)
- Mean	3,297 ft  (1,005 m)
- Lowest point	Pacific Ocean[2] 0 ft  (0 m)
Admission to Union	February 14, 1859 (33rd)
Governor	Ted Kulongoski (D)
U.S. Senators	Ron Wyden (D) Gordon Smith (R)
Congressional Delegation	List
Time zones
- most of state	Pacific: UTC-8/-7
- Malheur County	Mountain: UTC-7/-6
Abbreviations	OR Ore. US-OR
Web site	www.oregon.gov

Oregon (help· info) (IPA: /ˈɒrɨgən/) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The state lies on the Pacific coast between Washington on the north and California and Nevada on the south; Idaho lies to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers form much of its northern and eastern boundaries, respectively. The valley of the Willamette River in western Oregon is the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of the state. Oregon is the name of the state of Oregon as well as several other places in the United States: Oregon, Illinois Oregon, Missouri Oregon, Ohio Oregon, Wisconsin (the town) and the village it contains Oregon County, Missouri Oregon Township, Michigan Oregon Township, Pennsylvania For historical usage see: Oregon Country Oregon... Image File history File links Flag_of_Oregon. ... State seal of Oregon. ... Oregon flag (obverse) Oregon flag (reverse) The flag of Oregon a blue field on which are placed, on the obverse, the Seal of Oregon (supported by thirty-three stars, representing its order in joining the United States); the words STATE OF OREGON above; and the year of statehood, 1859, below. ... The Oregon State Seal consists of an outer ring with the text State of Oregon, 1859. The inner circle contains an eagle atop a shield. ... This is a list of U.S. state nicknames -- both official and traditional (official state nicknames are in bold). ... Here is a list of state mottos for the states of the United States. ... Alis volat propriis is a Latin phrase meaning “She flies with her own wings”, and is the state motto of Oregon. ... Image File history File links Map_of_USA_OR.svg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Oregon ... // Although the United States currently has no official language, it is largely monolingual with English being the de facto national language. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... Nickname: Location in Marion and Polk Counties, state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Marion, Polk Founded 1842 Government  - Mayor Janet Taylor Area  - City  46. ... Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government  - Mayor Tom Potter[1]  - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten  - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area  - Total 376. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ... The Portland metropolitan area is the urban area centered around Portland, Oregon and the Willamette River. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... This is a complete list of the states of the United States ordered by total area, land area, and water area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... Map of states populations (2006) This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of July 1, 2006, according to the 2005 estimates of the United States Census Bureau. ... Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ... This is a list of United States states by elevation. ... This article is about the tallest mountain in Oregon. ... The order which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order that the others were admitted to the union This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Theodore R. Ted Kulongoski (born November 5, 1940, in rural Missouri[1]) is an American Democratic politician. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Ronald Lee Wyden (born May 3, 1949) to German American parents, is Oregons senior United States Senator. ... Gordon Harold Smith (born May 25, 1952) is Oregons junior United States Senator, currently serving his second term. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... These are tables of congressional delegations from Oregon to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ... Map of U.S. time zones with new CST and EST areas displayed This is a list of United States of America States by time zone. ... PST is UTC-8, highlighted in red. ... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Malheur County is a county located in the southeast corner of the state of Oregon. ... Mountain Standard Time (MST) is UTC-7, Mountain Daylight Time (MDT) is UTC-6 The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn and winter, and by subtracting six hours during daylight saving time... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... The following is a list of abbreviations used by the United States Postal Service. ... U.S. states This is a list of traditional abbreviations for U.S. states and territorries, which were in wide use prior to the U.S. postal abbreviations. ... ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard. ... Image File history File links Oregon-English. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... The Pacific Northwest from space The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ... Pacific redirects here. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ... Official language(s) English [1] Capital Boise Largest city Boise Largest metro area Boise metropolitan area Area  Ranked 14th  - Total 83,642 sq mi (216,632 km²)  - Width 305 miles (491 km)  - Length 479 miles (771 km)  - % water 0. ... For other uses, see Snake River (disambiguation). ... The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence from mountains near Eugene to its confluence with the Columbia River. ... The Willamette River (pronounced wil-LAM-met) is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 240 mi (386 km) long, in northwestern Oregon in the United States. ...

Oregon has one of the most diverse landscapes of any state in the U.S. It is well known for its tall, dense forests; its accessible and scenic Pacific coastline; and its rugged, glaciated Cascade volcanoes. Other areas include semiarid scrublands, prairies, and deserts that cover approximately half the state in eastern and north-central Oregon. “Cascades” redirects here. ...

Oregon's population in 2000 was about 3.5 million, a 20.3% increase over 1990. It is estimated to have reached 3.7 million by 2006.^[3]

History

See also Oregon pioneer history

Map of Oregon Country

Although there is considerable evidence that humans lived in the Pacific Northwest 15,000 years ago, the first record of human activity in present day Oregon came from archaeologist Luther Cressman's 1938 discovery of sage bark sandals near Fort Rock Cave that places human habitation in Oregon as early as 13,200 years ago.^[4] By 8000 B.C. there were settlements across the state, with the majority concentrated along the lower Columbia River, in the western valleys, and around coastal estuaries. Oregon Pioneer History (1806 to 1890) is the time in the European History of Oregon when pioneers and mountain men traveled west to explore and settle the lands west of the Rocky Mountains and north of California. ... Image File history File links Oregoncountry2. ... Image File history File links Oregoncountry2. ... Landscape in Oregon Country, by Charles Marion Russell Map of Oregon Country Oregon Country was a region of western North America that originally consisted of the land north of 42°N latitude, south of 54°40N latitude, and west of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. ... The Pacific Northwest from space The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ... Luther Cressman at Fort Rock Cave, Oregon, 1966 Luther Sheeleigh Cressman (October 24, 1897-1994) was an American archaeologist. ... Fort Rock Cave is a cave near the American landmark Fort Rock in Lake County, Oregon. ...

By the 16th century Oregon was home to many Native American groups, including the Bannock, Chasta, Chinook, Kalapuya, Klamath, Molalla, Nez Perce,Takelma, and Umpqua.^[5][6][7][8] This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... The Bannock or Banate are a Native American people who traditionally lived in the northern Great Basin in what is now southeastern Oregon and Southern Idaho. ... The Shasta (or Chasta) are an indigenous people of Northern California and Southern Oregon in the United States. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Kalapuya (also Kalapuyan, Kalapooian, Calapooya, Calapooia) are a Native American ethnic group that once inhabited the area of present-day western Oregon in the United States and are now part of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Molala (also Molale, Molalla, Molele) were a people of the Plateau culture area in central Oregon. ... The Nez Perce (IPA: ) are a tribe of Native Americans who live in the Pacific Northwest region (Columbia River Plateau) of the United States. ... Umpqua refers to two distinct groups of Native Americans that live in south central Oregon in the United States. ...

James Cook explored the coast in 1778 in search of the Northwest Passage. The Lewis and Clark Expedition traveled through the region during their expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase. They built their winter fort at Fort Clatsop, near the mouth of the Columbia River. Exploration by Lewis and Clark (1805–1806) and the United Kingdom's David Thompson (1811) publicized the abundance of fur-bearing animals in the area. In 1811, New York financier John Jacob Astor established Fort Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River as a western outpost to his Pacific Fur Company.^[9] Fort Astoria was the first permanent white settlement in Oregon. This article is about the British explorer. ... For other uses, see Northwest Passage (disambiguation). ... “Lewis and Clark” redirects here. ... For the musical, see Louisiana Purchase (musical) and Louisiana Purchase (film). ... Fort Clatsop replica nearing completion, ca. ... The Columbia River (French: fleuve Columbia) is a river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. ... For other people with this name see David Thompson David Thompson (April 30, 1770 – February 10, 1857), was an English-Canadian fur trader, surveyor, and map-maker, known to some native peoples as the Stargazer. Over his career he mapped over 3. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... John Jacob Astor, detail of an oil painting by Gilbert Stuart, 1794 John Jacob (originally either Johann Jakob or Johann Jacob) Astor (July 17, 1763 - March 29, 1848) was the first of the Astor family dynasty and the first millionaire in the United States, the creator of the first Trust... Fort Astoria was the Pacific Fur Companys primary fur trading post in the Northwest, and was the first permanent U.S. settlement on the Pacific coast. ... The Pacific Fur Company was founded June 23, 1810, in New York City. ... Fort Astoria was the Pacific Fur Companys primary fur trading post in the Northwest, and was the first permanent U.S. settlement on the Pacific coast. ...

In the War of 1812, the British gained control of all of the Pacific Fur Company posts. By the 1820s and 1830s, their Hudson's Bay Company dominated the Pacific Northwest from its Columbia District headquarters at Fort Vancouver (built in 1825 by the District's Chief Factor John McLoughlin across the Columbia from present-day Portland). This article is about the U.S. – U.K. war. ... Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ... Fort Vancouver Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudsons Bay Company in the companys Columbia District (known to Americans as the Oregon Country). ... John McLoughlin (NSHC statue) Dr. John McLoughlin (pronounced mc-lock-lin, October 19, 1784 – September 3, 1857), the Father of Oregon, was a fur trader and early settler in the Oregon Country in the Pacific Northwest. ...

In 1841, the master trapper and entrepreneur Ewing Young died with considerable wealth, with no apparent heir, and no system to probate his estate. A meeting followed Young's funeral at which a probate government was proposed. Doctor Ira Babcock of Jason Lee's Methodist Mission was elected Supreme Judge. Babcock chaired two meetings in 1842 at Champoeg (half way between Lee's mission and Oregon City) to discuss wolves and other animals of contemporary concern. These meetings were precursors to an all-citizen meeting in 1843, which instituted a provisional government headed by an executive committee made up of David Hill, Alanson Beers, and Joseph Gale. This government was the first acting public government of the Oregon Country before American annexation. Ewing Young expeditions to American West Ewing Young (1799 - February 9, 1841) was an American trapper from Tennessee who traveled the western United States before settling in Oregon Country. ... Probate is the legal process of settling the estate of a deceased person; specifically, resolving all claims and distributing the decedents property. ... Doctor Ira Leonard Babcock (c. ... Jason Lee (NSHC statue) Jason Lee (June 28, 1803 – March 12, 1845) an American missionary and pioneer, was born on a farm near Stanstead, Quebec. ... The Methodist Mission was founded in Oregon Country in 1834 by the Reverend Jason Lee. ... Champoeg, Oregon Champoeg, pronounced sham_POO_ee (SAMPA /ʃæm. ... Nickname: End of the Oregon Trail, OC Motto: Urbs civitatis nostrae prima et mater Location in Oregon Coordinates: Country United States State Oregon County Clackamas Founded 1829 Incorporated 1844 Government  - Mayor Alice Norris Area  - City  8. ... Wolves may refer to: Gray Wolf Other uses of Wolf: see Wolf (disambiguation) Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Category: ... The Champoeg Meetings in Oregon Country were the first attempts at governing in the Pacific Northwest by United States European-American pioneers. ... An Executive Committee was the title of a three-person committee which served as the executive Branch of the Provisional Government of the Oregon Territory. ... David Hill (1809 – May 9, 1850), was a pioneer and settler of what became Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. ... Alanson Beers (1800 - February 20, 1853) was a blacksmith, pioneer and politician in the early days of the settlement of the Oregon Country. ... Joseph Gale (1807-1881) was an American pioneer, trapper, and politican who contributed to the early settlment of the Oregon Country. ... Landscape in Oregon Country, by Charles Marion Russell Map of Oregon Country Oregon Country was a region of western North America that originally consisted of the land north of 42°N latitude, south of 54°40N latitude, and west of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. ... Ceremonies during the annexation of Hawaii. ...

Map of Oregon in dispute. Resolved by the Oregon Treaty.

The Oregon Trail brought many new settlers to the region, starting in 1842–1843, after the United States agreed to jointly settle the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom. For some time, it seemed the United States and the United Kingdom would go to war for a third time in 75 years (see Oregon boundary dispute), but the border was defined peacefully in 1846 by the Oregon Treaty. The border between the United States and British North America was set at the 49th parallel. The Oregon Territory was officially organized in 1848. Image File history File links Oregoncountry. ... Image File history File links Oregoncountry. ... Map of the lands in dispute The Oregon Treaty, officially known as the Treaty with Great Britain, in Regard to Limits Westward of the Rocky Mountains, and also known as the Treaty of Washington, is a bilateral treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the United... For other uses, see Oregon Trail (disambiguation). ... Landscape in Oregon Country, by Charles Marion Russell Map of Oregon Country Oregon Country was a region of western North America that originally consisted of the land north of 42°N latitude, south of 54°40N latitude, and west of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. ... The Oregon Country/Columbia District Disputed Area is the main area of dispute, although the whole region was disputed The Oregon boundary dispute (often called the Oregon question) arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Oregon Country, a region of northwestern North America known also... Map of the lands in dispute The Oregon Treaty, officially known as the Treaty with Great Britain, in Regard to Limits Westward of the Rocky Mountains, and also known as the Treaty of Washington, is a bilateral treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the United... British North America consisted of the loyalist colonies and territories (i. ... “49th parallel” redirects here. ... The Oregon Territory is the name applied both to the unorganized Oregon Country claimed by both the United States and Britain, as well as to the organized U.S. territory formed from it that existed between 1848 and 1859. ...

Settlement increased because of the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850, in conjunction with the forced relocation of the native population to Indian reservations in Oregon. The state was admitted to the Union on February 14, 1859. The Donation Land Claim Act of 1850, sometimes known just as the Donation Land Act, was a historic law passed by the Congress of the United States intended to promote homestead settlement in the Oregon Territory in the Pacific Northwest (comprising the present-day states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho). ... Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state, or international authority, forces the movement of a large group of people out of a region, most frequently on the basis of their ethnicity or religion. ... There are five Indian Reservations in Oregon which are the major part of the lands occupied or held in trust by the nine federally recognized tribes in the state: Burns Paiute Indian Reservation, for the Burns Paiute: 13,738 acres (56 km²) in Harney County; Grand Ronde, for the Confederated... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

At the outbreak of the American Civil War, regular U.S. troops were withdrawn and sent east. Volunteer cavalry were recruited in California and were sent north to Oregon to keep peace and protect the populace. The First Oregon Cavalry served until June 1865. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... First Oregon Cavalry The First Oregon Cavalry was a regiment of volunteers recruited in California that participated in the American Civil War. ...

In the 1880s, the proliferation of railroads assisted in marketing of the state's lumber and wheat, as well as the more rapid growth of its cities. Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ...

Industrial expansion began in earnest following the construction of the Bonneville Dam in 1943 on the Columbia River. The power, food, and lumber provided by Oregon helped fuel the development of the West, although the periodic fluctuations in the nation's building industry have hurt the state's economy on multiple occasions. Bonneville Lock and Dam is several dam structures that together complete a span of the Columbia River between the US states of Oregon and Washington at River Mile 146. ... The Columbia River (French: fleuve Columbia) is a river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. ...

The state has a long history of polarizing conflicts: Native Americans vs. British fur trappers, British vs. settlers from the U.S., ranchers vs. farmers, wealthy growing cities vs. established but poor rural areas, loggers vs. environmentalists, white supremacists vs. anti-racists, social progressivism vs. small-government conservatism, supporters of social spending vs. anti-tax activists, and native Oregonians vs. Californians (or outsiders in general). Oregonians also have a long history of secessionist ideas, with people in various regions and on all sides of the political spectrum attempting to form other states and even other countries. (See: State of Jefferson, Cascadia and Ecotopia.) Oregon state ballots often include politically conservative proposals (e.g. anti-gay, pro-religious measures) side-by-side with politically liberal ones (e.g. drug decriminalization), illustrating the wide spectrum of political thought in the state. The historic Blue Marble photograph, which helped bring environmentalism to the public eye. ... White supremacy is a racist ideology which holds the belief that white people are superior to other races. ... For other uses, see Progressivism (disambiguation). ... Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favor tradition and gradual change, where tradition refers to religious, cultural, or nationally defined beliefs and customs. ... ... The Oregon tax revolt is a political movement in Oregon which advocates for lower taxes. ... For other uses, see Californication. ... The State of Jefferson, as proposed by Gilbert Gable in 1941. ... One popular proposed flag for Cascadia. ... Ecotopia: The Notebooks and Reports of William Weston is the title of a seminal book by Ernest Callenbach, published in 1975. ... For the general concept, see Prohibitionism. ...

Name of the state

Main article: Oregon (toponym)

The origin of the name "Oregon" is unknown. One account, advanced by George R. Stewart in a 1944 article in American Speech, was endorsed as the "most plausible explanation" in the book Oregon Geographic Names. According to Stewart, the name came from an engraver's error in a French map published in the early 1700s, on which the Ouisiconsink (Wisconsin) River was spelled "Ouaricon-sint", broken on two lines with the -sint below, so that there appeared to be a river flowing to the west named "Ouaricon". Other theories find the roots in the Spanish language, from words like Orejón ("big ear") or Aragón. The origin of the name of the U.S. state of Oregon is a subject of some dispute. ... George R. Stewarts books about U.S. highways were based on his cross-country drives in 1924, 1949 and 1950. ... Oregon Geographic Names is an authoritative compilation of the origin and meaning of place names in the state of Oregon. ...

The pronunciation of the name "Oregon" is a matter of local pride; Oregonians (pronounced IPA: /ˌɒrɨˈgoʊniɨnz/)^[10] pronounce the name (in local pronunciation) as [ˈɔɹɨgən], and dutifully correct those from elsewhere, who often change the third syllable.^[11][10]

Geography

See also: List of counties in Oregon, List of cities and unincorporated communities in Oregon, Oregon Geographic Names, List of Oregon rivers, List of Oregon mountain ranges, List of Oregon state parks, and Oregon census statistical areas

Oregon's geography may be split roughly into seven areas: Image:CraterLake Oregon USA.jpg Crater Lake with Wizard Island Crater Lake National Park is a United States National Park located in Southern Oregon whose primary feature is Crater Lake. ... The region of Oregon south of Lane County and west of or in the Cascade Range, excluding the southern Oregon Coast. ... John Day Fossil Beds National Monument is a 14,000 acre (57 km²) park near Kimberly, Oregon. ... Eastern Oregon is a geographical term that is generally taken to mean the area of the state of Oregon east of the Cascade Range, save the region around the Dalles and sometimes Klamath County. ... Newberry National Volcanic National Monument was designated in November 1990 to protect the area around the Newberry Volcano in the United States. ... Central Oregon is a geographical term that is generally taken to apply to the portion of the state of Oregon that is east of the Cascade Range, near the geographic center of Oregon. ... Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument was established by President Bill Clinton in 2000. ... Oregon Caves National Monument is a national monument in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States. ... California Trail The California Trail was a major overland emigrant route across the American West from Missouri to California in the middle 19th century. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Fort Vancouver Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudsons Bay Company in the Oregon Country. ... Western Oregon is a geographical term that is generally taken to apply to the portion of the state of Oregon that is west of the Cascade Range. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... In 1804, Meriwether Lewis & William Clark began a voyage of discovery with 45 men, a keelboat, two pirogues,and a dog. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (140,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Des Moines Largest city Des Moines Largest metro area Des Moines metropolitan area Area  Ranked 26th  - Total 56,272 sq mi (145,743 km²)  - Width 310 miles (500 km)  - Length 199 miles (320 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Lincoln Largest city Omaha Largest metro area Omaha Area  Ranked 16th  - Total 77,421 sq mi (200,520 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area  Ranked 17th  - Total 77,116[1] sq mi (199,905 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 380 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  Ranked 4th  - Total 147,165 sq mi (381,156 km²)  - Width 255 miles (410 km)  - Length 630 miles (1,015 km)  - % water 1  - Latitude 44° 21′ N to 49° N  - Longitude 104° 2′ W to 116° 3′ W Population  Ranked... Official language(s) English [1] Capital Boise Largest city Boise Largest metro area Boise metropolitan area Area  Ranked 14th  - Total 83,642 sq mi (216,632 km²)  - Width 305 miles (491 km)  - Length 479 miles (771 km)  - % water 0. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... Lewis and Clark National and State Historical Parks, in the vicinity of the mouth of the Columbia River, commemorate the Lewis and Clark Expedition. ... The Nez Perce National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park comprisingf 38 sites located throughout the states of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington which are the traditional aboriginal lands of the Nez Perce. ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  Ranked 4th  - Total 147,165 sq mi (381,156 km²)  - Width 255 miles (410 km)  - Length 630 miles (1,015 km)  - % water 1  - Latitude 44° 21′ N to 49° N  - Longitude 104° 2′ W to 116° 3′ W Population  Ranked... Official language(s) English [1] Capital Boise Largest city Boise Largest metro area Boise metropolitan area Area  Ranked 14th  - Total 83,642 sq mi (216,632 km²)  - Width 305 miles (491 km)  - Length 479 miles (771 km)  - % water 0. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... For other uses of the term, see Oregon Trail (disambiguation) The route of the Oregon Trail is shown in red in the western United States Ruts made by wagons on the Oregon Trail in eastern Wyoming, at Register Cliff. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Lincoln Largest city Omaha Largest metro area Omaha Area  Ranked 16th  - Total 77,421 sq mi (200,520 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) English [1] Capital Boise Largest city Boise Largest metro area Boise metropolitan area Area  Ranked 14th  - Total 83,642 sq mi (216,632 km²)  - Width 305 miles (491 km)  - Length 479 miles (771 km)  - % water 0. ... Map of the counties of Oregon List of Oregon counties: Baker County Benton County Clackamas County Clatsop County Columbia County Coos County Crook County Curry County Deschutes County Douglas County Gilliam County Grant County Harney County Hood River County Jackson County Jefferson County Josephine County Klamath County Lake County Lane... Astoria Champoeg (ghost town) Eugene Florence Government Camp Idanha Jacksonville La Grande Moro Ontario Pendleton Portland Prineville Salem The Dalles Troutdale Vanport West Linn Wheeler This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. ... Oregon Geographic Names is an authoritative compilation of the origin and meaning of place names in the state of Oregon. ... The following is a partial listing of rivers in the state of Oregon, United States of America. ... Many mountain ranges populate the American state of Oregon. ... This is a list of Oregon state parks. ... The United States Census Bureau has defined 2 Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs),[1] 6 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs),[2] and 13 Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs)[3] in the State of Oregon. ...

• Oregon Coast—west of the Coast Range
• Willamette Valley
• Rogue Valley
• Cascade Mountains
• Klamath Mountains
• Columbia River Plateau
• Basin and Range Region

An aerial View of Crater Lake in Oregon

The mountainous regions of western Oregon were formed by the volcanic activity of Juan de Fuca Plate, a tectonic plate that poses a continued threat of volcanic activity and earthquakes in the region. The most recent major activity was the 1700 Cascadia earthquake; Washington's Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980, an event which was visible from Portland. Oregon coast at Brookings, Oregon. ... The Oregon Coast Range is a mountain range running north-south in western Oregon, United States. ... The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence from mountains near Eugene to its confluence with the Columbia River. ... The Rogue Valley in southwestern Oregon The Rogue Valley is a farming and timber-producing region in southwestern Oregon in the United States. ... “Cascades” redirects here. ... The Trinity Alps near Granite Lake in July 2005 Rogue River Gorge, Oregon The Klamath Mountains, sometimes called the salmon mountains, are a rugged lightly populated mountain range in northwest California and southwest Oregon, the highest peaks being Mount Eddy (6 ft / 2 m) in Siskiyou County, California, Thompson peak... The Columbia River Plateau is shown in green on this map. ... Drainage map showing the Great Basin in orange Various Definitions of the Great Basin (NPS) Wheeler Peak in Great Basin National Park, Nevada. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A crater lake that simply goes by the name Crater Lake, in Oregon, USA Heaven Lake (Chonji / Tianchi), North Korea / China Cuicocha, Ecuador Lake formed after 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Mount Katmai, Alaska, USA Mount Wenchi crater lake, Ethiopia Nemrut, Turkey Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica This page... A map of the Juan de Fuca Plate The Juan de Fuca Plate, named after the explorer, is a tectonic plate arising from the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and subducting under the northerly portion of the western side of the North American Plate. ... The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ... Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... This article is about the natural seismic phenomenon. ... Cascadia subduction zone Cascadia earthquake sources The 1700 Cascadia Earthquake was a magnitude 8. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... For the mountain in California, see Mount Saint Helena. ...

Mount Hood, with Trillium Lake in the foreground.

The Columbia River, which constitutes much of the northern border of Oregon, also played a major role in the region's geological evolution, as well as its economic and cultural development. The Columbia is one of North America's largest rivers, and the only river to cut through the Cascades. About 15,000 years ago, the Columbia repeatedly flooded much of Oregon during the Missoula Floods; the modern fertility of the Willamette Valley is largely a result of those floods. Plentiful salmon made parts of the river, such as Celilo Falls, hubs of economic activity for thousands of years. In the 20th century, numerous hydroelectric dams were constructed along the Columbia, with major impacts on salmon, transportation and commerce, electric power, and flood control. Image File history File links Trilliumlake. ... Image File history File links Trilliumlake. ... This article is about the tallest mountain in Oregon. ... Mt. ... The Columbia River (French: fleuve Columbia) is a river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Glacial Lake Columbia (west) and Glacial Lake Missoula (east) are shown south of Cordilleran Ice Sheet. ... The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence from mountains near Eugene to its confluence with the Columbia River. ... Dipnet Fishing at Celilo Falls Located between the states of Oregon and Washington, Celilo Falls was a unique natural feature formed by the relentless push of the Columbia River through basalt-laden narrows east of the Cascade Mountains, onward towards the Pacific Ocean—the final leg of the river... Hydroelectricity is electricity produced by hydropower. ...

Southern view of the Oregon coast from Ecola State Park, with Haystack Rock in the distance.

Today, Oregon's landscape varies from rainforest in the Coast Range to barren desert in the southeast, which still meets the technical definition of a frontier. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 333 pixelsFull resolution (2882 × 1200 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 333 pixelsFull resolution (2882 × 1200 pixel, file size: 1. ... Haystack Rock with The Needles Haystack Rock is a 235-foot tall monolith (or sea stack) on the Oregon coast in the northwestern United States, the third-tallest such structure in the world. ... The Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia. ... The Oregon Coast Range is a mountain range running north-south in western Oregon, United States. ... A frontier is a political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature. ...

Map of Oregon

Oregon is 295 miles (475 km) north to south at longest distance, and 395 miles (636 km) east to west at longest distance. In terms of land and water area, Oregon is the ninth largest state, covering 97,073 square miles (251,418 km²). Image File history File links Size of this preview: 776 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2122 × 1640 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 776 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2122 × 1640 pixel, file size: 2. ...

The highest point in Oregon is the summit of Mount Hood, at 11,239 feet (3,428 m), and its lowest point is sea level of the Pacific Ocean along the Oregon coast.^[2] Its mean elevation is 3,300 feet (1,006 m). Crater Lake National Park is the state's only National Park, and the site of Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the U.S. at 1,943 feet (592 m).^[12] Oregon claims the D River is the shortest river in the world,^[13] though the American state of Montana makes the same claim of its Roe River.^[14] Oregon is also home to Mill Ends Park (in Portland)^[15], the smallest park in the world at 452 square inches (about 3 square feet, or 0.29 m²). This article is about the tallest mountain in Oregon. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... Image:CraterLake Oregon USA.jpg Crater Lake with Wizard Island Crater Lake National Park is a United States National Park located in Southern Oregon whose primary feature is Crater Lake. ... This article is about national parks. ... A crater lake that simply goes by the name Crater Lake, in Oregon, USA Heaven Lake (Chonji / Tianchi), North Korea / China Cuicocha, Ecuador Lake formed after 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Mount Katmai, Alaska, USA Mount Wenchi crater lake, Ethiopia Nemrut, Turkey Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica This page... The D River is a river in the state of Oregon in the United States. ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  Ranked 4th  - Total 147,165 sq mi (381,156 km²)  - Width 255 miles (410 km)  - Length 630 miles (1,015 km)  - % water 1  - Latitude 44° 21′ N to 49° N  - Longitude 104° 2′ W to 116° 3′ W Population  Ranked... The Roe River runs between Giant Springs and the Missouri River near Great Falls, Montana. ... Mill Ends Park, the smallest park in the world Mill Ends Park in Portland, Oregon, United States, is a small park that was created on St. ...

Major cities and towns

Map of Oregon's population density.

Further information: List of cities and unincorporated communities in Oregon

Oregon's population is largely concentrated in the Willamette Valley, which stretches from Eugene (home of the University of Oregon, 3rd largest city) through Salem (the capital, 2nd largest) and Corvallis (home of Oregon State University) to Portland (Oregon's largest city.)^[17] Image File history File links Oregon_population_map. ... Image File history File links Oregon_population_map. ... Astoria Champoeg (ghost town) Eugene Florence Government Camp Idanha Jacksonville La Grande Moro Ontario Pendleton Portland Prineville Salem The Dalles Troutdale Vanport West Linn Wheeler This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government  - Mayor Tom Potter[1]  - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten  - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area  - Total 376. ... Nickname: Location in Marion and Polk Counties, state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Marion, Polk Founded 1842 Government  - Mayor Janet Taylor Area  - City  46. ... Nickname: Motto: The Worlds Greatest City of the Arts & Outdoors Coordinates: , Country State County Lane Founded 1846 Incorporated 1862 Government  - Mayor Kitty Piercy Area  - City 40. ... Gresham (IPA: ) is a city located in Multnomah County, Oregon about 18km east of Portland. ... Nickname: Location of Hillsboro in the state of Oregon Coordinates: , County Washington County Incorporated 1876 Government  - Mayor Tom Hughes Area  - City 58. ... Location in Oregon Coordinates: , County Washington County Incorporated 1893 Government  - Mayor Rob Drake Area  - City 42. ... Bend is a city in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. ... Motto: The Center of the Rogue Valley Location in Oregon Coordinates: , Country State County Jackson County Incorporated February 24, 1885 Government  - Mayor Gary Wheeler Area  - City  21. ... Location in Oregon Coordinates: , County Lane County Incorporated 1885 Government  - Mayor Sid Leiken Area  - City 37. ... Corvallis (IPA: ) is a city located in central western Oregon, USA. It is the county seat of Benton CountyGR6 and the principal city of the Corvallis, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Benton County. ... Astoria Champoeg (ghost town) Eugene Florence Government Camp Idanha Jacksonville La Grande Moro Ontario Pendleton Portland Prineville Salem The Dalles Troutdale Vanport West Linn Wheeler This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. ... The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence from mountains near Eugene to its confluence with the Columbia River. ... Nickname: Motto: The Worlds Greatest City of the Arts & Outdoors Coordinates: , Country State County Lane Founded 1846 Incorporated 1862 Government  - Mayor Kitty Piercy Area  - City 40. ... The University of Oregon is a public university located in Eugene, Oregon. ... Nickname: Location in Marion and Polk Counties, state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Marion, Polk Founded 1842 Government  - Mayor Janet Taylor Area  - City  46. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Corvallis (IPA: ) is a city located in central western Oregon, USA. It is the county seat of Benton CountyGR6 and the principal city of the Corvallis, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Benton County. ... Oregon State University (OSU) is a four-year research and degree-granting public university, located in Corvallis, Oregon (USA). ... Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government  - Mayor Tom Potter[1]  - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten  - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area  - Total 376. ...

Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia River, was the first permanent English-speaking settlement west of Rockies. Oregon City was the Oregon Territory's first incorporated city, and its first capital (from 1848 until 1852, when the capital was moved to Salem.) It was also the end of the Oregon Trail and the site of the first public library established west of the Rocky Mountains, stocked with only 300 volumes. Bend, near the geographic center of the state, is one of the ten fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States.^[18] To the Southern part of the state, the Medford area is a rapidly growing metro area and culturally rich part of the state. It it home to The Rogue Valley International-Medford Airport, the third busiest airport in the state. Further to the south, near the California-Oregon border, is the community of Ashland, home of the Tony Award winning