The traditional origami crane and papers of the same size used to fold it

Origami cranes.

Origami (折り紙, origami^?) (from oru meaning "folding", and kami meaning "paper") is the ancient Japanese art of paper folding. The goal of this art is to create a representation of an object using geometric folds and crease patterns preferably without the use of gluing or cutting the paper medium. "Origami" nowadays refers to all types of paper folding, even those of non-Asian origin.^{[citation needed]} Origami is an ancient Japanese magic still used today. ... Samsung Q1 Ultra UMPC The Ultra-Mobile PC (abbreviated UMPC), previously known by its codename Project Origami, is a specification for a small form factor tablet PC. It was developed as a joint development exercise by Microsoft, Intel, and Samsung, among others. ... Origami Crane a paper crane, classical origami of Japan. ... Origami Crane a paper crane, classical origami of Japan. ... Genera Grus Anthropoides Balearica Bugeranus Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds of the order Gruiformes, and family Gruidae. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... Paper folding is the art of folding paper; it is known in many societies that use paper. ...

Origami only uses a small number of different folds, but they can be combined in a variety of ways to make intricate designs. In general, these designs begin with a square sheet of paper whose sides may be different colors or prints. Contrary to most popular belief, traditional Japanese origami, which has been practiced since the Edo era (1603-1867), has often been less strict about these conventions, sometimes cutting the paper during the creation of the design. For other uses, see Square. ... History of Japan Paleolithic Jomon Yayoi Yamato period ---Kofun period ---Asuka period Nara period Heian period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period ---Nanban period Edo period Meiji period Taisho period Showa period ---Japanese expansionism ---Occupied Japan ---Post-Occupation Japan Heisei The Edo period (江戸時代) is a division of Japanese... Year 1603 (MDCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

History

Bidimensional and tridimensional modular origami.

Main article: History of Origami

The origin of the art began as Chinese Paper Folding. The Japanese origin began in the 6th century when Buddhist monks from China carried paper to Japan. The first Japanese origami is dated from this period. Origami had already become a significant aspect of Japanese ceremony by the Heian period of Japanese history. Samurai warriors would exchange gifts adorned with noshi, a sort of good luck token made of folded strips of paper. Origami butterflies were used during the celebration of Shinto weddings to represent the bride and groom. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,072 × 2,304 pixels, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,072 × 2,304 pixels, file size: 2. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The History of Origami followed after the invention of paper by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Heian Period. ... For other uses, see Samurai (disambiguation). ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Shinto ) is the native religion of Japan and was once its state religion. ...

In the 1960's the art of origami began to spread out, first with modular origami and then with various movements developing, including the kirikomi. Origami is now an international art. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Paper and other materials

Some fold miniature origami models as a challenge

A paper art star on a window, an example of a form of origami known as modular origami, in which the model is constructed from multiple pieces of paper.

Although almost any laminar material can be used for folding, the choice of material used greatly affects the folding and final look of the model. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1390x1013, 767 KB) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1390x1013, 767 KB) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 573 KB) Photo taken by Mary-Irene Lang I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 573 KB) Photo taken by Mary-Irene Lang I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... laminar and turbulent water flow over the hull of a submarine In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion, low momentum convection, and pressure and velocity independence from time. ...

Normal copy paper with weights of 70–90 g/m² (19-24lb) can be used for simple folds, such as the crane and waterbomb. Heavier weight papers of 100 g/m² (approx. 25lb) or more can be wet-folded. This technique allows for a more rounded sculpting of the model, which becomes rigid and sturdy when it is dry. Genera Grus Anthropoides Balearica Bugeranus Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds of the order Gruiformes, and family Gruidae. ... Technique Wet folding is an origami technique traditionally performed with a thicker paper than is used in traditional origami. ...

Special origami paper, often also referred to as "kami" (Japanese for paper, among other things), is sold in prepackaged squares of various sizes ranging from 2.5 cm to 25 cm or more. It is commonly colored on one side and white on the other; however, dual coloured and patterned versions exist and can be used effectively for color-changed models. Origami paper weighs slightly less than copy paper, making it suitable for a wider range of models. Kami may refer to: Kami, the Japanese word for god or spirit in the Shintō tradition. ...

Foil-backed paper, just as its name implies, is a sheet of thin foil glued to a sheet of thin paper. Related to this is tissue foil, which is made by gluing a thin piece of tissue paper to kitchen aluminium foil. A second piece of tissue can be glued onto the reverse side to produce a tissue/foil/tissue sandwich. Foil-backed paper is available commercially, but not tissue foil; it must be handmade. Both types of foil materials are suitable for complex models.

Washi (和紙, Washi^?) is the predominant origami paper used in Japan. Washi is generally tougher than ordinary paper made from wood pulp, and is used in many traditional arts. Washi is commonly made using fibers from the bark of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub (Edgeworthia papyrifera), or the paper mulberry but also can be made using bamboo, hemp, rice, and wheat. The Sugiharagami (杉原紙), a kind of Washi Washi (和紙) or Wagami is a type of paper made in Japan. ... The Sugiharagami (杉原紙), a kind of Washi Washi (和紙) or Wagami is a type of paper made in Japan. ... Binomial name Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. ... For other uses, see Bamboo (disambiguation). ... U.S. Marihuana production permit. ... For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ...

Artisan papers such as unryu, lokta, hanji, gampi, kozo, saa, and abaca have long fibres and are often extremely strong. As these papers are floppy to start with, they are often backcoated or resized with methylcellulose or wheat paste before folding. Also, these papers are extremely thin and compressible, allowing for thin, narrowed limbs as in the case of insect models. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Methylcellulose (or methyl cellulose) is a chemical compound derived from cellulose. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera...

Paper money from various countries are also popular to create origami with, called "Moneygami". It is common to create the figure depicted on the note itself.

Few other items other than paper and fingers are necessary to fold origami; however, some enthusiasts prefer to use a folding bone to sharpen creases while folding. Other folders grow certain nails long to aid with creasing instead of a folding bone.

Action Origami

Origami doesn't just cover still-lifes, it also covers moving objects; Origami can move in clever ways. Action origami includes origami that flies, requires inflation to complete, or, when complete, utilizes the kinetic energy of your hands, applied at a certain region on the model, to move another flap or limb. Strictly speaking, only the latter is really "recognized" as action origami. Action origami, first appearing with the traditional Japanese flapping bird, is quite common. One example is Robert Lang's instrumentalists; when the figures' heads are pulled away from their bodies, their hands will move, resembling the playing of music. The cars of a roller coaster reach their maximum kinetic energy when at the bottom of their path. ...

Mathematics of origami

Spring Into Action, designed by Jeff Beynon, made from a single rectangular piece of paper.^[1]

Main article: Mathematics of paper folding

The practice and study of origami encapsulates several subjects of mathematical interest. For instance, the problem of flat-foldability (whether a crease pattern can be folded into a 2-dimensional model) has been a topic of considerable mathematical study. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 1125 pixel, file size: 742 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Information/Description = Origami spring Source = Made by me, invented by Jeff Beynon Date = 9th February 2006 Author = Jason Ruck File history Legend: (cur) = this is... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 1125 pixel, file size: 742 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Information/Description = Origami spring Source = Made by me, invented by Jeff Beynon Date = 9th February 2006 Author = Jason Ruck File history Legend: (cur) = this is... For other uses, see Spring. ... The art of paper folding or origami has received a considerable amount of mathematical study. ... For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ...

Significantly, paper exhibits zero Gaussian curvature at all points on its surface, and only folds naturally along lines of zero curvature. But the curvature along the surface of a non-folded crease in the paper, as is easily done with wet paper or a fingernail, is no longer subject to this constraint. Curvature is the amount by which a geometric object deviates from being flat. ...

The problem of rigid origami ("if we replaced the paper with sheet metal and had hinges in place of the crease lines, could we still fold the model?") has great practical importance. For example, the Miura map fold is a rigid fold that has been used to deploy large solar panel arrays for space satellites. A miura map fold is a rigid fold that has been used to deploy large solar panel arrays for space satellites. ...

Technical origami

Technical origami, also known as origami sekkei (折り紙設計, origami sekkei^?), is a field of origami that has developed almost hand-in-hand with the field of mathematical origami. In the early days of origami, development of new designs was largely a mix of trial-and-error, luck and serendipity. With advances in origami mathematics however, the basic structure of a new origami model can be theoretically plotted out on paper before any actual folding even occurs. This method of origami design was developed by Robert Lang, Meguro Toshiyuki and others, and allows for the creation of extremely complex multi-limbed models such as many-legged centipedes, human figures with a full complement of fingers and toes, and the like. Dr. Robert J. Lang (born 1961) is an American scientist who is also one of the foremost origami artists and theorists in the world. ...

The main starting point for such technical designs is the crease pattern (often abbreviated as 'CP'), which is essentially the layout of the creases required to form the final model. Although not intended as a substitute for diagrams, folding from crease patterns is starting to gain in popularity, partly because of the challenge of being able to 'crack' the pattern, and also partly because the crease pattern is often the only resource available to fold a given model, should the designer choose not to produce diagrams. Still, there are many cases in which designers wish to sequence the steps of their models but lack the means to design clear diagrams. Such origamists occasionally resort to the Sequenced Crease Pattern (abbreviated as SCP) which is a set of crease patterns showing the creases up to each respective fold. The SCP eliminates the need for diagramming programs or artistic ability while maintaining the step-by-step process for other folders to see. Another name for the Sequenced Crease Pattern is the Progressive Crease Pattern (PCP). A Crease Pattern is a origami diagram type that consists of all the creases in the final model, rendered into one image. ...

Paradoxically enough, when origami designers come up with a crease pattern for a new design, the majority of the smaller creases are relatively unimportant and added only towards the completion of the crease pattern. What is more important is the allocation of regions of the paper and how these are mapped to the structure of the object being designed. For a specific class of origami bases known as 'uniaxial bases', the pattern of allocations is referred to as the 'circle-packing'. Using optimization algorithms, a circle-packing figure can be computed for any uniaxial base of arbitrary complexity. Once this figure is computed, the creases which are then used to obtain the base structure can be added. This is not a unique mathematical process, hence it is possible for two designs to have the same circle-packing, and yet different crease pattern structures. Other methods of design exist as well...Boxpleating, polygon packing. See Robert Langs Origami Design secrets for more information.

Space Flight

There may soon be an origami airplane launched from space. A prototype passed a durability test in a wind tunnel in March 2008, and Japan's space agency adopted it for feasibility studies.

Gallery

A paper Pegasus designed by F. Kawahata Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Pegasus (disambiguation). ...

Authors of books about origami

• Akira Yoshizawa - reinvented modern origami. Created the modern repertoire of folding symbols
• Robert J. Lang - Author of many Origami books including the new benchmark Origami Design Secrets
• Peter Engel - influential origami artist and theorist
• Tomoko Fuse (布施 知子) - famous for boxes and unit origami
• Robert Harbin - popularised origami in Britain; also presented a series of short programmes entitled Origami, made by Thames Television for ITV
• Eric Joisel - French wet-folder renowned for his life-like masks
• Kunihiko Kasahara - devised a standardized method for creating many modular polyhedra
• John Montroll - probably the most prolific Western artist and author of over 16 books on origami
• Nick Robinson - origami artist and author of over a dozen books on origami
• Toshikazu Kawasaki - Japanese mathematician famous for his Iso-area folding theory and his many geometric folds, including Kawasaki's "Rose"
• Makoto Yamaguchi
• Jeremy Shafer - California origamian entertainer who folds whimsical designs
• Satoshi Kamiya - One of the youngest geniuses of the origami field
• Nicolas Terry - French artist known for his unique, cartoonish style
• Issei Yoshino - famed for his multimodular Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops skeletons
• Marc Kirschenbaum - known for his instrumentalist designs
• Didier Boursin
• Florence Temko - a pioneer in spreading origami in the United States, is the most prolific author on this subject. With 55 books to her credit on paperarts and folk crafts, she has been a strong influence on interesting beginners in the art of paperfolding.
• David Shall - American designer, whose diagrams are completely hand drawn. Perhaps best known for his model of the Statue of Liberty

Akira Yoshizawa (吉澤 ç«  Yoshizawa Akira; 14 March 1911 – 14 March 2005) was considered to be the grandmaster of origami. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Dr. Robert J. Lang (born 1961) is an American scientist who is also one of the foremost origami artists and theorists in the world. ... Peter Engel (born 1959) is a science writer, graphic designer, and architect, perhaps best known as one of the foremost American origami artists and theorists. ... REDIRECT Tomoko_Fusé ... Robert Harbin (born Ned Williams in South Africa) (1908 - January 12, 1978) was a British magician and writer. ... Thames Television was a franchise holder of the British ITV television network, serving London on weekdays between 1968 and 1992. ... For other uses, see ITV (disambiguation). ... Kunihiko Kasahara (born 1941) is a Japanese origami master. ... In mathematics, there are three related meanings of the term polyhedron: in the traditional meaning it is a 3-dimensional polytope, and in a newer meaning that exists alongside the older one it is a bounded or unbounded generalization of a polytope of any dimension. ... Image:Http://www. ... Nick Robinson is a practitioner of origami who has been folding paper since the early 1980s and has been a member of the British Origami Society for nearly 20 years. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Makoto Yamaguchi (山口 真 Yamaguchi Makoto; Born in Tokyo in 1944) has taken an active part in origami as a professional creator after working with the Nippon Origami Association. ... Jeremy Shafer is a professional entertainer and origamian. ... Satoshi Kamiya (born 1983) is one of the most advanced origami masters in the world. ... Species T. rex (type) Osborn, 1905 Synonyms Manospondylus Cope, 1892 Dynamosaurus Osborn, 1905  ?Nanotyrannus Bakker, Williams & Currie, 1988 Stygivenator Olshevsky, 1995 Dinotyrannus Olshevsky, 1995 Tyrannosaurus (pronounced IPA: , meaning tyrant lizard) is a genus of theropod dinosaur. ... Species (type) Marsh, 1890 Triceratops (IPA: ) was a herbivorous genus of ceratopsid dinosaur that lived during the late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous Period, around 68 to 65 million years ago (mya) in what is now North America. ... Marc Kirschenbaum is an American origami artist, designer, and board member of OrigamiUSA. He is known for creation of complex origami models, including erotic origami works[1], called pornigami. ...

Groups and Organizations

• OrigamiUSA
• British Origami Society
• Origami Mitra, India

The British Origami Society is a charitable organisation devoted to the art of origami (paper folding). ...

References

Further reading

• Robert J. Lang. The Complete Book of Origami: Step-by-Step Instructions in Over 1000 Diagrams. Dover Publications, Mineola, NY. Copyright 1988 by Robert J. Lang. ISBN 0-486-25837-8 (pbk.)

Pages 1-30 are an excellent introduction to most of these skills. Each of these 13 models is designed to let you practice one skill several times. Unfortunately, the remaining 24 models leave out lots of pre-creases. Many models are folded from non-square paper.

• Robert J. Lang. Origami Design Secrets: Mathematical Methods for an Ancient Art. A K Peters, Natick, MA. Copyright 2003 by A K Peters. ISBN 1-56881-194-2 (pbk)

This book shows how crease patterns and folding techniques are related to the large-scale structure of a model. It also shows how closed-unsinking was derived, using Lang's TreeMaker software for prototyping arbitrarily complex origami designs. Includes his famous super-complex "Black Forest Cuckoo Clock."

• Robert J. Lang. Origami in Action: Paper Toys that Fly, Flap, Gobble and Inflate. St. Martin's Griifin, 1997. ISBN 0312156189

• Tomoko Fuse. Unit Origami: Multidimensional Transformations. Japan Publications, inc. Tokyo. Copyright 1990 by Tomoko Fuse. ISBN 0-87040-852-6

This is an excellent book about modular origami, and serves as a great introduction to geometric models and designs.

• Kunihiko Kasahara. Origami Omnibus: Paper Folding for Everybody. Japan Publications, inc. Tokyo. Copyright 1988 by Kunihiko Kasahara. ISBN 4-8170-9001-4

A good book for a more advanced origamian, this book presents many more complicated ideas and theories, although the author tends to go off on long tangents about random topics. Still lots of good models though...

• Kunihiko Kasahara and Toshie Takahama. Origami for the Connoisseur. Japan Publications, inc. Tokyo. Copyright 1987 by Kunihiko Kasahara and Toshie Takahama. ISBN 0-87040-670-1

Another good book; same comments as the previous author.

• Satoshi Kamiya. Works by Satoshi Kamiya, 1995-2003. Origami House, Tokyo. Copyright 2005 by Satoshi Kamiya. ISBN 0000041944

An extremely complex book for the elite origamian, most models take 100+ steps to complete. Includes his famous Divine Dragon Bahamut and Ancient Dragons. Instructions are in Japanese and English.

• Issei Yoshino. Issei Super Complex Origami. Origami House, Tokyo.

Contains many complex models, notably his Samurai Helmet, Horse, and multimodular Triceratops skeleton. Instructions are in Japanese.

• Jeremy Shafer. Origami to Astonish and Amuse. St. Martin's Press, New York, NY. Copyright 2001 by Jeremy Shafer. ISBN 0-312-25404-0

A clever cornucopia of whimsical models, such as his Nail Clippers, Surfer on a Wave, Invisible Duck, Running Car, Monolithic Rubblestone boulder plus 84 others.

• One Thousand Paper Cranes: The Story of Sadako and the Children's Peace Statue by Takayuki Ishii, ISBN 0-440-22843-3
• Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes by Eleanor Coerr, ISBN 0-698-11802-2
• Origami 1, Robert Harbin, 1969, ISBN 0-340-10902-5
• Origami 2, Robert Harbin, ISBN 0-340-15384-9
• Origami 3, Robert Harbin, 1972, ISBN 0-340-16655-X
• Origami 4, Robert Harbin, 1977, ISBN 0-340-21822-3 (rare)
• Extreme Origami, Kunihiko Kasahara, 2001, ISBN 0-8069-8853-3
• Ariomar Ferreira da Silva. Brincando com Origami Arquitetônico: 16 diagrams. Global Editora, São Paulo, Brazil. Copyright 1991 by Ariomar Ferreira da Silva and Leôncio de O. Carvalho. ISBN 85-260-0273-2
• Masterworks of Paper Folding by Michael LaFosse
• Papercopia: Origami Designs by David Shall, 2008 ISBN 978-0-9796487-0-0. Contains diagrams for 24 original models by the author including Claw Hammer, Daffodil, Candlestick.

Dr. Robert J. Lang (born 1961) is an American scientist who is also one of the foremost origami artists and theorists in the world. ... Dr. Robert J. Lang (born 1961) is an American scientist who is also one of the foremost origami artists and theorists in the world. ... Cuckoo clock, a so-called Jagdstück, Black Forest, ca. ... Dr. Robert J. Lang (born 1961) is an American scientist who is also one of the foremost origami artists and theorists in the world. ... REDIRECT Tomoko_Fusé ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Kunihiko Kasahara (born 1941) is a Japanese origami master. ... Kunihiko Kasahara (born 1941) is a Japanese origami master. ... Satoshi Kamiya (born 1983) is one of the most advanced origami masters in the world. ... Jeremy Shafer is a professional entertainer and origamian. ... Robert Harbin (born Ned Williams in South Africa) (1908 - January 12, 1978) was a British magician and writer. ... Kunihiko Kasahara (born 1941) is a Japanese origami master. ...

See also

Origami Portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Origami

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 746 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2080 × 1672 pixel, file size: 1. ... Card models, also sometimes called paper models, are models of real-world objects made usually of heavy paper or card stock as a hobby, or sometimes as a craft for children. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into papercutting. ... Furoshiki used to decorate a wine bottle. ... Bronze statue of Amida Buddha at Kotokuin in Kamakura (1252 A.D.) Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, and a myriad of other types of works of art. ... Kusudama (薬玉; lit. ... The art of paper folding or origami has received a considerable amount of mathematical study. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Pepakura redirects here. ... For the M.I.A. song, see Paper Planes (song). ... Thousand origami cranes Thousand origami cranes (Japanese: 千羽鶴Senbazuru) is a bunch of thousand origami paper cranes held together by strings. ...

External links

• Free How To Origami Cross Video A beginner's visual guide to Origami.
• British Origami Society The U.K.'s central origami organization.
• OrigamiUSA The biggest origami organization in the U.S.
• BARF (Bay Area Rapid Folders) An origami group in California
• Oxford Origami Society An origami group in Oxford, U.K.
• Gilad's Origami Page Information and reviews for hundreds of origami books.
• Origami.com Large collection of diagrams, suitable for beginners.
• Animated Origami Animated diagrams for beginners.
• Oriland.com Virtual Origami exhibition, Oriversity for beginners and 80 diagrams in Origami Studio.
• [1] Large collection of diagrams, animated diagrams included, perfect for any skill level.
• LoveOrigami Origami with love from Lukyanov Andrey.

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