P. B. S. Pinchback
25th Governor of Louisiana
In office December 9, 1872 – January 13, 1873
Lieutenant(s)	none
Preceded by	Henry C. Warmoth
Succeeded by	John McEnery and William P. Kellogg (election contested)
Born	May 10, 1837 Macon, Georgia
Died	December 21, 1921 Washington, DC
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Nina Emily
Religion	African Methodist Episcopal

Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback (May 10, 1837 – December 21, 1921) was the first African American to become governor of a U.S. state. Pinchback, a Republican, served as the governor of Louisiana for thirty-five days, from December 9, 1872, to January 13, 1873. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2712 × 3608 pixel, file size: 885 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback ( May 10, 1837 – December 21, 1921) was the first African American to become governor of a U.S. state. ... List of Governors of Louisiana First French Era Sieur Sauvole de la Villantry 1699-1701 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne, Sieur de Bienville 1701-1713 Antonine de la Mothe Cadillac 1713-1716 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne 1716-1717 De lEpinay 1717-1718 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne 1718... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Office of Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana is the second highest state office in Louisiana. ... Henry Clay Warmoth (1842-1931) was a Republican politician who served as Governor of Louisiana from 1868 until his impeachment and suspension from office in December 1872. ... John McEnery (1833-1890) was a Louisiana Democratic politician who was considered by many to be the winner of the 1872 election for Governor of Louisiana. ... William Pitt Kellogg (December 8, 1830 August 10, 1918) was an American politician. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Macon is a city located in central Georgia, USA. It is among the largest metropolitan areas in Georgia, and the county seat of Bibb County, It lies near the geographic center of Georgia, approximately 75 miles (129 km) south of Atlanta, hence the citys nickname as the Heart of... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ... The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the AME Church, is a Christian denomination founded by Bishop Richard Allen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... Official language(s) de jure: none de facto: English & French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans [1] Area  Ranked 31st  - Total 51,885 sq mi (134,382 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 16  - Latitude 29°N to 33°N  - Longitude 89°W... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

According to Nicholas Lemann in Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War, Pinchback was "an outsized figure: newspaper publisher, gambler, orator, speculator, dandy, muountebank- served for a few months as the state's governor and claimed seats in both houses of Congress following disputed elections but could not persuade the members of either to seat him."^[1] Nicholas Lemann graduated from Harvard University in 1976. ...

Early life

Pinchback was born in Macon, Georgia (Bibb County), to a white planter (William Pinchback) and his former slave, Eliza Stewart. Known as "Pinckney Benton Stewart," he was educated at the Gilmore High School in Cincinnati. After his father died in 1848, he left Cincinnati because he feared that his paternal relatives would force him back into slavery. He worked as a hotel porter and barber in Terre Haute, Indiana. Macon is a city located in central Georgia, USA. It is among the largest metropolitan areas in Georgia, and the county seat of Bibb County, It lies near the geographic center of Georgia, approximately 75 miles (129 km) south of Atlanta, hence the citys nickname as the Heart of... Bibb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. ... Slave redirects here. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Slave redirects here. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

In 1860, while in Indiana, Pinchback married the former Nina Emily. They had two daughters and four sons. 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ...

Political career

During the Civil War, Pinchback traveled to Louisiana and became the only African American captain in the Union-controlled 1st Louisiana Native Guards. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Official language(s) de jure: none de facto: English & French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans [1] Area  Ranked 31st  - Total 51,885 sq mi (134,382 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 16  - Latitude 29°N to 33°N  - Longitude 89°W... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Please see Captain for other uses of the term Captain is a military rank used in nearly every army and navy of the world. ... The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ... The 1st Louisiana Native Guard was one of the few regiments of all-black soldiers that fought for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. ...

After the war, he became active in the Republican Party and participated in Reconstruction state conventions. In 1868, Pinchback organized the Fourth Ward Republican Club in New Orleans. That same year, he was elected as a Louisiana state senator, where he became the state Senate president pro tempore. In 1871 he became acting lieutenant governor upon the death of Oscar Dunn, the first elected African American lieutenant governor of a U.S. state. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Year 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... The Louisiana State Legislature is the legislative branch of the U.S. state of Louisiana. ... Pro tempore or pro tem is a latin phrase which best translates to for the time being in English. ... A Lieutenant Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ...

Pinchback was elevated to the Louisiana governorship on December 9, 1872 after impeachment charges were brought against his predecessor, Republican governor Henry Clay Warmoth. List of Governors of Louisiana First French Era Sieur Sauvole de la Villantry 1699-1701 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne, Sieur de Bienville 1701-1713 Antonine de la Mothe Cadillac 1713-1716 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne 1716-1717 De lEpinay 1717-1718 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne 1718... Depiction of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, then President of the United States, in 1868. ... Henry Clay Warmoth (1842-1931) was a Republican governor of Louisiana from 1868 until his impeachment and suspension from office in December, 1872. ...

In an 1872 national convention of African American politicians Pinckbank disagreed with Jeremiah Haralson over a motion by James T. Rapier to condemn Republicans who had gone against Grant.^[2] Pinckback did not like the motion because it would condemn Charles Sumner, who Pinckback felt African Americans should laud.^{[citation needed]} Jeremiah Haralson (April 1, 1846 - 1916), was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama. ... James Thomas Rapier (1837-1883) was a United States Representative from 1873 until 1875. ... Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811 – March 11, 1874) was an American politician and statesman from Massachusetts. ...

Later life

After his brief governorship, Pinchback remained active in politics and public service. He was elected to both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, but both elections were contested, and his Democratic opponents were seated instead. Pinchback served on the Louisiana State Board of Education and was instrumental in establishing the predominantly black Southern University in Baton Rouge in 1879. He was a member of Southern's board of trustees. The House of Representatives is the larger of two houses that make up the U.S. Congress, the other being the United States Senate. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... For other Southern University campuses, see Southern University System. ... Capitol Building Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana, a state of the United States of America. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1882, Republican President Chester Alan Arthur named Pinchback as surveyor of customs in New Orleans. In 1885, he studied law at Straight University, (which was closed in 1934) in New Orleans. He was admitted to the bar in 1886, and later moved to New York City where he was a federal marshal, and then to Washington, D.C. where he practiced law. Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829—November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as 21st President of the United States. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Straight University Buildings Straight University was founded in 1868 by the American Missionary Association. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... The United States Marshals Service, part of the United States Department of Justice, is the United States oldest federal law enforcement agency. ... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - D.C. Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2...

Pinchback died in Washington in 1921 and was interred in Metairie Cemetery near New Orleans even though the cemetery at the time was segregated and deemed to be exclusively for whites. Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Metairie Cemetery is a cemetery in New Orleans, Louisiana. ...

Legacy

It was not until 1990 when another African American became governor of any state in the United States. In 1990, L. Douglas Wilder of Virginia became the second African-American to serve as a state governor (and the first to be elected to the office). Deval Patrick of Massachusetts was sworn into office as the third in January 2007. Both Wilder and Patrick were elected as Democrats. Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Lawrence Douglas Wilder (born January 17, 1931) is an American politician. ... This article contains a trivia section. ... Languages Predominantly American English Religions Protestantism (chiefly Baptist and Methodist); Roman Catholicism; Islam Related ethnic groups Sub-Saharan Africans and other African groups, some with Native American groups. ... Deval Laurdine Patrick (born July 31, 1956) is an American politician and the current Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: Crystal ball, user has created future months and dates before, and been told not to (See User Talk:Jose and Ricardo). ...

Pinchback was the maternal grandfather of Harlem Renaissance author Jean Toomer. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Jean Toomer (December 26, 1894–March 30, 1967) was a poet, novelist and an important figure of the Harlem Renaissance. ...

See also

• African-American Officeholders During Reconstruction

African-American Officeholders During Reconstruction, 1863-1890s Partial List Blanche K. Bruce, U.S. Senator from Mississippi. ...

Notes

Summary Incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant was easily elected to a second term in office despite a split within the Republican Party that resulted in a defection of many key Republicans to opponent Horace Greeley. ...

References

• State Biography
• African American Publications (password required)
• Bennett, Lerone, Before the Mayflower (1969)
• Bontemps, Arna W.,100 Years of Negro Freedom (1961)
• Grosz, Agnes Smith, "The Political Career of Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback," Louisiana Historical Quarterly, XXVII (1944)
• Haskins, James. Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback(New York: Macmillan, 1973)
• Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback Papers, Manuscript Department, Moorland-Spingarm Research Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C., 3 includes "Here under the protecting care" speech quoted by Nicholas Lemann in Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War
• Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising, by Rev. William J. Simmons, D. D., President of the State University, Louisville, Kentucky (1887)

External Links

• Cemetery Memorial by La-Cemeteries