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Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (Russian: Пафну́тий Льво́вич Чебышёв) (May 16 [O.S. May 4] 1821 – December 8 [O.S. November 26] 1894)[1] was a Russian mathematician. His name is transliterated variously as Chebychev, Chebyshov, Tchebycheff or Tschebyscheff (French and German transcriptions) among many others. last century book File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ...
Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Borovsk Monastery of St Paphnutius. ...
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: ) (29,900 km², pop. ...
is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ...
1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia_(bordered). ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia_(bordered). ...
Leonhard Euler, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ...
Categories: Russia-related stubs | Universities and colleges in Russia | Saint Petersburg ...
Moscow State University campus M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Московский Государственный Университет имен...
Nikolai Dmitrievich Brashman (June 14, 1796 – May 13, 1866) was a mathematician of Czech birth who practised mostly in Russia. ...
Dmitry Aleksandrovich Grave (1863–1939) was a Russian mathematician. ...
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Korkin (March 3, 1837 - September 1, 1908, all New Style) was a Russian mathematician. ...
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov (ÐлекÑандр Михайлович ЛÑпунов) (June 6, 1857 – November 3, 1918, all new style) was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. ...
Andrey Andreyevich Markov (Андрей Андреевич Марков) (June 14, 1856 N.S. _ July 20, 1922) was a Russian mathematician. ...
For other uses, see Mechanic (disambiguation). ...
Analytic geometry, also called coordinate geometry and earlier referred to as Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using the principles of algebra. ...
Paven Nikolaevich Demidov, the founder of the prize Demidov Prize (Russian: ДемидовÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ñ) used to be a national scientific prize in the Russian Empire awarded annually to the members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ...
May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ...
Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Old Style or O.S. is a designation indicating that a date conforms to the Julian calendar, formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in most countries. ...
1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Leonhard Euler, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ...
Transliteration in a narrow sense is a mapping from one script into another script. ...
Biography
Early years One of nine children, Chebyshev was born in the village of Okatovo in the district of Borovsk, province of Kaluga. His father, Lev Pavlovich, was a wealthy landowner. Pafnuty Lvovich was first educated at home by his mother Agrafena Ivanovna (in reading and writing) and by his cousin Avdotya Kvintillianovna Sukhareva (in French and arithmetic). Chebyshev mentioned that his music teacher also played an important role in his education, for she "raised his mind to exactness and analysis". Borovsk Monastery of St Paphnutius. ...
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: ) (29,900 km², pop. ...
A physical handicap (of unknown cause) affected Chebyshev's adolescence and development. From childhood, he limped and walked with a stick and so his parents abandoned the idea of his becoming an officer in the family tradition. His disability prevented his playing many children's games and he devoted himself instead to the passion of his life: building machines.
In 1832, the family moved to Moscow, mainly to attend to the education of their eldest sons (Pafnuty and Pavel, who would become a lawyer). Education continued at home and his parents engaged teachers of excellent reputation, including (for mathematics and physics) P.N. Pogorelski, held to be one of the best teachers in Moscow and who had taught (for example) the writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...
Ivan Turgenev, photo by Félix Nadar (1820-1910) “Turgenev†redirects here. ...
University studies In summer 1837, Chebyshev passed the registration examinations and, in September of that year, began his mathematical studies at the second philosophical department of Moscow university. His teachers included N.D. Brashman, N.E. Zernov and D.M. Perevoshchikov of whom it seems clear that Brashman had the greatest influence on Chebyshev. Brashman instructed him in practical mechanics and probably showed him the work of French engineer J.V. Poncelet. In 1841 Chebyshev was awarded the silver medal for his work "calculation of the roots of equations" which he had finished in 1838. In this, Chebyshev derived an approximating algorithm for the solution of algebraic equations of nth degree based on Newton's algorithm. In the same year he finished his studies as "most outstanding candidate". Nikolai Dmitrievich Brashman (June 14, 1796 – May 13, 1866) was a mathematician of Czech birth who practised mostly in Russia. ...
Jean-Victor Poncelet (July 1, 1788 – December 22, 1867) was a mathematician and engineer who did much to revive projective geometry. ...
In numerical analysis, Newtons method (also known as the Newton–Raphson method or the Newton–Fourier method) is an efficient algorithm for finding approximations to the zeros (or roots) of a real-valued function. ...
In 1841, Chebyshev's financial situation changed drastically. There was famine in Russia and his parents were forced to leave Moscow. Although they could no longer support their son, he decided to continue his mathematical studies and prepared for the master examinations, which lasted six months. Chebyshev passed the final examination in October 1843 and, in 1846, defended his master thesis "An Essay on the Elementary Analysis of the Theory of Probability". His biographer Prudnikov suggests that Chebyshev was directed to this subject after learning of recently-published books on probability theory or on the revenue of the Russian insurance industry.
Adult years In 1847, Chebyshev defended his dissertation pro venia legendi "On integration with the help of logarithms" at St Petersburg University and thus obtained the right to teach there as a lecturer. At that time some of Leonhard Euler's works were rediscovered by P. N. Fuss and were being edited by V. Ya. Bunyakovsky, who encouraged Chebyshev to study them. This would come to influence Chebyshev's work. In 1848, he submitted his work The Theory of Congruences for his doctorate, which he defended in May 1849. He was elected an extraordinary professor at St Petersburg University in 1850, ordinary professor in 1860 and, after 25 years of lectureship, he became merited professor in 1872. In 1882 he left the university and devoted his life to research. Categories: Russia-related stubs | Universities and colleges in Russia | Saint Petersburg ...
Leonhard Paul Euler (pronounced Oiler; IPA ) (April 15, 1707 – September 18 [O.S. September 7] 1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist, who spent most of his life in Russia and Germany. ...
Victor Yakovlevich Bunyakovski (Russian: Виктор Яковлевич БунÑковÑкий; December 16 [O.S. December 4] 1804 – December 12 [O.S. November 30] 1899) was a Russian mathematician, member and later vice president of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. ...
The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ...
During his lectureship at the university (1852-1858), Chebyshev also taught practical mechanics at the Alexander Lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo (now Pushkin), a southern suburb of St Petersburg. Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo near Saint Petersburg was founded by the Emperor Alexander I with the object of educating youths of the best families, who should afterwards occupy important posts in the Imperial service. ...
Tsarskoye Selo (Царское Село in Russian, may be translated as “Tsar’s Village”), a former residence of the royal families and visiting nobility 24 km south of St. ...
Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and...
His scientific achievements were the reason for his election as junior academician (adjunkt) in 1856. Later, he became an extraordinary (1856) and in 1858 an ordinary member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. In the same year he became an honorary member of Moscow University. He accepted other honorary appointments and was decorated several times. In 1856, Chebyshev became a member of the scientific committee of the ministry of national education. In 1859, he became an ordinary member of the ordnance department of the academy with the adoption of the headship of the commission for mathematical questions according to ordnance and experiments related to ballistics. The Paris academy elected him corresponding member in 1860 and full foreign member in 1874. In 1893, he was elected honorable member of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society, which had been founded three years earlier. The title Academician denotes a Full Member of an art, literary, or scientific academy. ...
Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (РоÑÑиÌйÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐкадеÌÐ¼Ð¸Ñ ÐауÌк) is the national academy of Russia. ...
Moscow State University campus M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Московский Государственный Университет имен...
Louis XIV visiting the Académie in 1671 The French Academy of Sciences (Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. ...
The St. ...
Chebyshev died in St Petersburg on 26th November 1894. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and...
Mathematical contributions Chebyshev is known for his work in the field of probability, statistics and number theory. Chebyshev's inequality says that if X is a random variable with standard deviation σ, the probability that the outcome of X is no less than aσ away from its mean is no more than 1/a2: Probability is the likelihood that something is the case or will happen. ...
This article is about the field of statistics. ...
Number theory is the branch of pure mathematics concerned with the properties of numbers in general, and integers in particular, as well as the wider classes of problems that arise from their study. ...
In probability theory, Chebyshevs inequality (also known as Tchebysheffs inequality, Chebyshevs theorem, or the Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality), named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, who first proved it, states that in any data sample or probability distribution, nearly all the values are close to the mean value, and provides a...
In probability theory, a random variable is a quantity whose values are random and to which a probability distribution is assigned. ...
In probability and statistics, the standard deviation of a probability distribution, random variable, or population or multiset of values is a measure of the spread of its values. ...
 Chebyshev's inequality is used to prove the weak law of large numbers. // The law of large numbers (LLN) is any of several theorems in probability. ...
The Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem (1845|1850) states that for any n > 1, there exists a prime number p such that n < p < 2n. It is a consequence of Chebyshev inequalities for the number π(x) of prime numbers less than x, which state that π(x) is of the order of n / log(n). A more precise form is given by the celebrated prime number theorem: the quotient of the two expressions approaches 1 as n tends to infinity. Bertrands postulate states that if n > 3 is an integer, then there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2. ...
1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
In mathematics, a prime number, or prime for short, is a natural number greater than one and whose only distinct positive divisors are 1 and itself. ...
In mathematics, a prime number, or prime for short, is a natural number greater than one and whose only distinct positive divisors are 1 and itself. ...
In number theory, the prime number theorem (PNT) describes the approximate, asymptotic distribution of the prime numbers. ...
Legacy Chebyshev is considered a founding father of Russian mathematics. Among his well-known students were the prolific mathematicians Dmitry Grave, Aleksandr Korkin, Aleksandr Lyapunov and Andrei Markov. According to the Mathematics Genealogy Project, Chebyshev has about 4,000 mathematical "descendants". Dmitry Aleksandrovich Grave (1863–1939) was a Russian mathematician. ...
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Korkin (March 3, 1837 - September 1, 1908, all New Style) was a Russian mathematician. ...
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov (ÐлекÑандр Михайлович ЛÑпунов) (June 6, 1857 – November 3, 1918, all new style) was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. ...
Andrey Andreyevich Markov (Андрей Андреевич Марков) (June 14, 1856 N.S. _ July 20, 1922) was a Russian mathematician. ...
The Mathematics Genealogy Project is a web-based database that gives an academic genealogy based on dissertation supervision relations. ...
The term descendant or descendent has several meanings, some of which are listed below: A living being, like a plant, animal or person, that belongs to a particular lineage. ...
The Chebyshev crater on the Moon and the asteroid 2010 Chebyshev were named in his honour. Chebyshev is a large lunar crater that lies in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. ...
This article is about Earths moon. ...
253 Mathilde, a C-type asteroid. ...
References - ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9022729/Pafnuty-Lvovich-Chebyshev
See also In a plane, the Chebyshev distance between the point P1 with coordinates (x1, y1) and the point P2 at (x2, y2) is This concept is named after Pafnuty Chebyshev. ...
Chebyshev filters, are analog or digital filters having a steeper roll-off and more passband ripple than Butterworth filters. ...
This article is about the engineering discipline. ...
Signal processing is the processing, amplification and interpretation of signals, and deals with the analysis and manipulation of signals. ...
Television signal splitter consisting of a hi-pass filter (left) and a low-pass filter (right). ...
The Chebyshev function , with The Chebyshev function , for The Chebyshev function , for The Chebyshev function is either of two related functions. ...
In mathematics the Chebyshev polynomials, named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, are a sequence of orthogonal polynomials which are related to de Moivres formula and which are easily defined recursively, like Fibonacci or Lucas numbers. ...
In mathematics, Chebyshevs sum inequality, named after Pafnuty Chebyshev, states that if and then Chebyshevs sum inequality follows from the rearrangement inequality. ...
Chebyshevs equation is the second order linear differential equation where P is a real constant. ...
The Chebyshev linkage is a four bar mechanism that converts rotational motion to approximate straight-line motion. ...
The locking pliers is an example of a four-bar, one degree of freedom mechanical linkage; or a five-bar, two DOF linkage when the adjustment screw is considered. ...
Pafnuty Chebyshev The Chebyshev--Markov--Stieltjes inequalities are important inequalities related to the problem of moments. ...
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