NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Parliament of Canada

The Parliament of Canada is Canada's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. According to Section 17 of the Constitution Act, 1867, Parliament consists of three components: the Sovereign, the Senate, and the House of Commons. The Sovereign is normally represented by the Governor General, who appoints the 105 members of the Senate on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The 308 members of the House of Commons are directly elected by the people, with each member representing a single electoral district, frequently called a constituency or a "Riding". Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2272 Ã— 1704 pixel, file size: 884 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2272 Ã— 1704 pixel, file size: 884 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Centre Block, Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Ontario Parliament Hill (French Colline du Parlement), The Hill to locals, is a scenic location on the southern banks of the Ottawa River in downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1850 as Town of Bytown Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa Amalgamated January 1, 2001 Government - Mayor Larry OBrien - City Council Ottawa City Council - MPs List... Centre Block, Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Ontario Parliament Hill (French Colline du Parlement), The Hill to locals, is a scenic location on the southern banks of the Ottawa River in downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1850 as Town of Bytown Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa Amalgamated January 1, 2001 Government - Mayor Larry OBrien - City Council Ottawa City Council - MPs List... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked... The Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act, 1867, and still known informally as the BNA Act), constitutes a major part of Canadas Constitution. ... The composition of the disambiguation links at the head of this article and the other Wikipedia articles on the monarchies of the Commonwealth Realms is under discussion at Talk:Commonwealth Realm monarchies (disambiguation). ... The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the vice-regal representative in Canada of the Canadian Monarch, who is the Head of State; Canada is one of... An electoral district is a geographically-based constituency upon which Canadas representative democracy is based. ... For the song by Chamillionaire, see Ridin. In the British Isles since Anglo-Saxon times, a riding is traditionally a sub-division (especially in three) of a county[1]. The term has similar or analogous meanings in other countries. ...

The lower house, the House of Commons, is the dominant branch of the Canadian Parliament. The upper house, the Senate, rarely opposes the will of the other Chamber, and the duties of the Sovereign and Governor General are largely ceremonial, as in theory he or she could refuse to sign a bill, and could dismiss the cabinet and call an election unprompted. The Prime Minister and Cabinet must retain the support of a majority of members of the Lower House to remain in office; they need not have the confidence of the Upper House. A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. ... An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. ...

The current Parliament is the 39th since Confederation. The initial seat distribution of the 39th Canadian Parliament Stephen Harper is the Prime Minister of the 39th Parliament. ... We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ...

History

After Great Britain conquered it from France during the French and Indian War (1754–1763), Canada (which then consisted mainly of the modern Province of Quebec) was governed under the Royal Proclamation of 1763. This proclamation was superseded in 1774 by the Quebec Act, under which the power to make ordinances was granted to a Governor and Council, both appointed by the British sovereign. In 1791, the Province of Quebec was divided into the provinces of Upper Canada (which later became Ontario) and Lower Canada (which later became Quebec), each with an elected Legislative Assembly and an appointed Legislative Council. Combatants France First Nations allies: * Algonquin * Lenape * Wyandot * Ojibwa * Ottawa * Shawnee Great Britain Iroquois Confederacy American Colonies Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,400 killed, wounded or captured The French and... This article describes the Canadian province. ... A portion of eastern North America; the 1763 Proclamation line is the border between the red and the pink areas. ... The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 14 Geo. ... Flag Map of Upper Canada (orange) Capital Newark 1792 - 1797 York(later renamed Toronto in 1834) 1797 - 1841 Language(s) English Religion Anglican Government Constitutional monarchy Sovereign - 1791-1820 George III - 1837-1841 Victoria Lieutenant-Governor See list of Lieutenant-Governors Legislature Parliament of Upper Canada - Upper house Legislative Council... Map of Lower Canada (green) Lower Canada was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1791-1841). ... A Legislative Assembly in some parts of the Commonwealth refers to a legislature, or a chamber of the legislature. ... A Legislative Council in British constitutional thought is the second-to-top tier of a government led by a Governor-General, Governor or a Lieutenant-Governor, inferior to an Executive Council and equal to or superior to a Legislative Assembly. ...

In 1841, the British Parliament united Upper and Lower Canada into a new colony, called the Province of Canada. A single legislature, consisting of an elected Legislative Assembly and an appointed Legislative Council, was created. The assembly's eighty-four members were equally divided between the former provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, though the latter had a higher population. The British government, through the royally-appointed Governors, still exercised considerable influence over Canadian affairs. This influence was reduced in 1848, when the province was granted responsible government. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Responsible government is a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy. ...

In 1849, the Parliament of Canada, which had been transferred from Kingston to Montreal in 1843, burnt down. The fire was due to a riot led by the Tories that was a consequence of a series of tensions between francophones and anglophones, as well as an economic depression. In 1857, the Parliament was finally moved to Ottawa, after a few years of alternating between Toronto and Quebec City. Image File history File links Parlement_MontrÃ©al_ruine. ... Image File history File links Parlement_MontrÃ©al_ruine. ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government - Mayor GÃ©rald Tremblay Area [1][2][3] - City 365. ... Rebellion Losses Bill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The term Tory derives from the Tory Party, the ancestor of the modern UK Conservative Party. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Look up Anglophone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1850 as Town of Bytown Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa Amalgamated January 1, 2001 Government - Mayor Larry OBrien - City Council Ottawa City Council - MPs List... Motto: Â« Don de Dieu feray valoir Â» (I shall put Gods gift to good use) Site in the province of QuÃ©bec Official logo Provincial region Province Country Capitale-Nationale QuÃ©bec Canada GentilÃ© QuÃ©bÃ©cois, QuÃ©bÃ©coise Mayor Jean-Paul LAllier 1989-Dec. ...

The modern-day Parliament of Canada, however, did not come into existence until 1867. In that year, the British Parliament passed the British North America Act 1867, uniting the Province of Canada (which was separated into Quebec and Ontario), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into a single federation, called the Dominion of Canada. The new Canadian Parliament consisted of the Queen (represented by the Governor General), the Senate and the House of Commons. An important influence was the American Civil War, which had just concluded, and had indicated to many Canadians the faults of the federal system as implemented in the United States. In part because of the Civil War, the American model, with relatively powerful states and a less powerful federal government, was rejected. The British North America Act limited the powers of the provinces, providing that all subjects not explicitly delegated to them remain within the authority of the federal Parliament. Yet it gave provinces unique powers in certain agreed-upon areas of funding, and that division still exists today. The Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act, 1867, and still known informally as the BNA Act), constitutes a major part of Canadas Constitution. ... , Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 kmÂ² (595... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor HermÃ©nÃ©gilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...

The British North America Act 1867 granted the Parliament significant powers, but with several restrictions. Most notably, the British Parliament remained supreme over Canada, and no Canadian act could in any way abrogate a British one. Furthermore, the United Kingdom continued to determine the foreign policy of the entire British Empire. The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...

Greater autonomy was granted by the British Parliament's Statute of Westminster 1931. Though the Statute allowed the Parliament of Canada to repeal or amend British laws (with respect to their application in Canada), it did not permit the abrogation of Canada's constitution, including the British North America Acts. Hence, whenever a constitutional amendment was sought by the Canadian Parliament, the enactment of a British law became necessary. Still, the Parliament of the United Kingdom did not unilaterally impose amendments on the Canadian federation, only acting when requested to do so by the Canadian Parliament. The Parliament of Canada was granted limited power to amend the constitution by a British Act of Parliament in 1949, but it was not permitted to affect the powers of provincial governments, the official positions of the English and French languages, or the five-year term of Parliament. This article is about the Statute of Westminster relating to the British Empire and its dominions. ...

The Parliament of Canada last requested the Parliament of the United Kingdom to enact a constitutional amendment in 1982, when the Canada Act 1982 was requested and passed. The Act ended the power of the British Parliament to legislate for Canada, and the authority to amend the constitution was transferred to Canadian legislative authorities. Most amendments require the consent of the Canadian Senate, the Canadian House of Commons, and the Legislative Assemblies of two-thirds of the provinces representing a majority of the population. The unanimous consent of provincial Legislative Assemblies is required for certain amendments, including those affecting the Queen, the Governor General, provincial Lieutenant Governors, the official positions of the English and French languages, the Supreme Court of Canada, and the amending formulas themselves. Wikisource has original text related to this article: Canada Act 1982 The Canada Act 1982 (1982 c. ... . A Legislative Assembly in British constitutional thought is the second-to-top or third-to-top tier of a government led by a Governor-General, Governor or a Lieutenant-Governor, inferior to an Executive Council and equal to or inferior to a Legislative Council. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprÃªme du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ...

Composition

The Queen of Canada (presently Queen Elizabeth II) is one of the three components of Parliament. The monarch's functions are customarily delegated to the Governor General (presently Michaëlle Jean), who is appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Canadian Prime Minister. Governors General serve at the Queen's pleasure, but normally for a term of approximately five years. Though the Queen and Governor General have vast powers in theory, they rarely exercise them in practice. Rather, both perform ceremonial duties, most usually exercising political powers only on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x2500, 759 KB)Queen of Canada - Wearing the insignia of the Order of Canada (above) & the Order of Military Merit (below) Official Photographic Portrait of Her Majesty The Queen of Canada The official Canadian portrait of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x2500, 759 KB)Queen of Canada - Wearing the insignia of the Order of Canada (above) & the Order of Military Merit (below) Official Photographic Portrait of Her Majesty The Queen of Canada The official Canadian portrait of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II... The interior of the Canadian House of Commons, Parliament Hill, Ottawa. ... The interior of the Canadian House of Commons, Parliament Hill, Ottawa. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... The composition of the disambiguation links at the head of this article and the other Wikipedia articles on the monarchies of the Commonwealth Realms is under discussion at Talk:Commonwealth Realm monarchies (disambiguation). ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... MichaÃ«lle Jean, CC, CMM, COM, CD, DUniv (honoris causa), D.Litt (honoris causa) , (born September 6, 1957, in Port-au-Prince, HaÃ¯ti) is the current Governor General of Canada. ... At Her Majestys Pleasure is a British legal phrase used for being detained in prison for an indefinite length of time. ...

The entirely appointed Upper House of Canada's Parliament is the Senate. Though they are meant to represent the provinces, senators are selected by the Prime Minister, and are formally appointed by the Governor General. To become a senator, one must be at least thirty years old, must be a subject of the Queen, and must own property with a net worth of at least $4,000. The senator must reside and own land worth at least $4,000 in the province he or she is meant to represent. Senators formerly served for life, but, since 1965, leave the Senate at the age of seventy-five. Senators may resign their seats, and lose their positions if they fail to attend two consecutive sessions of Parliament.

The constitution groups Canada's provinces into four divisions, each with an equal number of senators: twenty-four for Ontario; twenty-four for Quebec; twenty-four for the Maritime Provinces (ten for Nova Scotia, ten for New Brunswick, and four for Prince Edward Island); and twenty-four for the Western Provinces (six each for Manitoba, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Alberta). Newfoundland and Labrador, which became a province only in 1949, is not assigned to any division, and is represented by six senators. Furthermore, the three territories (the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Nunavut) are allocated one senator each. Hence, the Senate normally consists of 105 members. The Governor General, however, may temporarily increase the size of the Senate by summoning an additional four or eight senators, provided the approval of the Queen is secured. Canada's four "divisions" must remain equally represented. This power has only been employed once in Canadian history: on the advice of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in 1990 to ensure the passage of a bill creating the Goods and Services Tax. There may be no more than eight additional senators at any time (making the maximum size of the Senate 113). Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked... , Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 kmÂ² (595... The Maritime provinces. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor HermÃ©nÃ©gilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st... Motto: Parva Sub Ingenti (Latin: The Small Protected By The Great) Capital Charlottetown Largest city Charlottetown Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Barbara Oliver Hagerman - Premier Robert Ghiz (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 4 - Senate seats 4 Confederation July 1, 1873 (7th) Area Ranked 13th - Total 5... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area Ranked 4th - Total 944,735 km... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked... Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked... Motto: Quaerite Prime Regnum Dei (Latin: Seek ye first the kingdom of God) Capital St. ... For other geographical names that include Northwest, see Northwest. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Government - Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson - Premier Paul Okalik (Consensus government) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) - Senate seats 1 (Willie Adams) Confederation... Martin Brian Mulroney, PC, CC, GOQ, LLD (born March 20, 1939), was the eighteenth Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. ... The Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST) (French: Taxe sur les produits et services, TPS) is a multi-level value-added tax introduced in Canada on January 1, 1991, by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and finance minister Michael Wilson. ...

Parliament's democratically elected component is the House of Commons. Each member represents a single electoral district (or "riding"), and is elected in that district by the simple plurality voting system. They must be Canadian citizens and at least 18 years old. Members hold office until they resign or Parliament is dissolved, and can be reelected any number of times. An example of a plurality ballot. ...

The constitution does not fix the size of the House of Commons, which is re-adjusted every ten years after a census. The House must consist of at least 282 seats, of which three are reserved for the territories. The remaining 279 seats are assigned to the provinces based on their populations. However, the "senatorial clause" guarantees each province at least as many Members of Parliament as senators. Furthermore, the "grandfather clause" guarantees each province at least as many Members of Parliament as it had in 1976 or in 1985. Because of these two clauses, the size of the House of Commons exceeds the minimum (282). At present, the House includes 308 members. 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ...

No individual may serve in more than one House of Parliament. Members of the House of Commons are commonly called "Members of Parliament" or "MPs"; this term is never applied to senators, even though the Senate is a part of Parliament. Though less powerful, senators occupy higher positions than Members of Parliament in the order of precedence. The Canadian order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the Government of Canada. ...

Procedure

Each of the two Houses is presided over by a Speaker. The Speaker of the Senate is a senator selected by the Prime Minister and formally appointed by the Governor General. The Speaker of the House of Commons, on the other hand, is elected by his fellow members. In general, the powers of the Speaker of the House are much greater than the powers of the Speaker of the Senate. Following the British model, the upper House is more or less self-regulating, whereas the Lower House is controlled from the chair. In 1991, however, the powers of the Speaker of the Senate were expanded, moving his or her position closer to that of the Speaker of the House. The Speaker of the Canadian Senate (French: PrÃ©sident du SÃ©nat) is the presiding officer of the Canadian Senate. ... Current house speaker Peter Milliken In Canada the Speaker of the House of Commons (French: PrÃ©sident de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house and is elected by fellow MPs. ...

The constitution establishes the quorums of both Houses. The quorum is fifteen senators in the Upper House and twenty members in the Lower House. In each House, the Speaker is counted when ascertaining the presence of a quorum. Look up quorum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Both Houses may determine motions by voice vote; the presiding officer puts the question, and, after listening to shouts of "Yea" and "Nay" from the members, announces which side is victorious. The decision of the Speaker is final, unless a recorded vote is demanded by members of the House (at least two senators or at least five members of the House of Commons). Members in both Houses vote by rising in their places to be counted. In the Senate, the Speaker is allowed to vote (though he or she does not often do so, in the interests of maintaining impartiality), and if there is no majority, the motion is defeated. In the House, however, the Speaker may not vote, unless there is a tie. Moreover, the Speaker customarily votes in favour of the status quo. Status Quo are an English rock band whose music is characterised by a strong boogie line. ...

This entails voting in the following fashion: whenever possible, leaving the matter open for future consideration and allowing for further discussion by the House; whenever no further discussion is possible, taking into account that the matter could somehow be brought back in the future and be decided by a majority of the House; leaving a bill in its existing form rather than having it amended.

For example, during the 2005 budget vote, which was considered a vote of confidence, the Speaker of the House cast the tie-breaking vote during Second Reading and voted in favour of the budget thus allowing the debate to procede to the next stage.

Term

After a general election, the Governor General (acting on the advice of the Prime Minister) formally issues a proclamation summoning Parliament. On the day indicated by the proclamation, the members of the two Houses assemble in their respective chambers. The ceremony observed at this time is similar to that observed in the British Parliament. Having assembled, the Commons are summoned to the Senate Chamber, where they are instructed to elect a Speaker. The Commons return to their chamber, elect a Speaker, and then adjourn.

On the next day, the formal opening of Parliament occurs. The Usher of the Black Rod, an official of the Senate, formally summons the Commons to the Senate. The Commons proceeds to the Bar of the Senate, but do not enter the Senate Chamber itself. The Speaker of the House then presents himself to the Monarch, the Governor General, or another representative (such as His Royal Highness Edward, Prince of Wales in 1919), formally claiming the rights and privileges of the House of Commons. The Crown representative then takes his or her seat on the Throne in the Senate Chamber. The Speaker of the Senate then replies, acknowledging, on the behalf of the Crown representative, the privileges of the House of Commons. With the members of the House of Commons remaining at the Bar, and with the Senators seated in the Senate Chamber, the Monarch, Governor General, or other representative (seated on the Throne) delivers an address known as the Speech from the Throne. In it, he or she outlines the program of the Government for the upcoming legislative session. The speech is actually written by the ministers and not the Crown. In the United Kingdom, the State Opening of Parliament is an annual event held usually in October or November that marks the commencement of a session of Parliament. ... The Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, generally shortened to just Black Rod, is an official in the parliaments of a number of Commonwealth countries. ... The composition of the disambiguation links at the head of this article and the other Wikipedia articles on the monarchies of the Commonwealth Realms is under discussion at Talk:Commonwealth Realm monarchies (disambiguation). ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the vice-regal representative in Canada of the Canadian Monarch, who is the Head of State; Canada is one of... Royal Highness (abbreviation HRH) is a style (His Royal Highness or Her Royal Highness). ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36), on 20... See also: 1918 in Canada, 1920 in Canada and the Timeline of Canadian history. ... Queen Elizabeth II reads Canadas Speech from the Throne in 1977 The Speech from the Throne (or Throne Speech) is an event in certain monarchies in which the monarch (or a representative) reads a prepared speech to a complete session of parliament, outlining the governments agenda for the...

A session of Parliament, having been formally opened, continues until a "prorogation" brings about its conclusion. Prorogation is generally achieved by a proclamation of the Governor General, again issued on the advice of the Prime Minister. No special prorogation ceremony, however, needs to be observed. Having been prorogued, each House does not conduct any further business until the Governor General issues another proclamation for a new session. The procedures described above are used at the beginning of such a session, except that a new Speaker need not be elected and the privileges of the House of Commons need not be claimed again.

Each Parliament, after a number of sessions, comes to an end, usually by a "dissolution." A dissolution is effected by the Governor General, who, however, acts on the advice of the Prime Minister. Because a general election follows, the timing of a dissolution is usually politically motivated, with the Prime Minister selecting the moment most advantageous to his or her political party. A dissolution, however, may also become necessary if the Prime Minister's support in the House of Commons collapses. Dissolution is not the only method by which a Parliament may be brought to an end: parliamentary terms expire five years after they begin. In the history of Canada, however, no Parliament has been allowed to "expire".

After each Parliament ends, whether by dissolution or by effluxion of time, members of the House of Commons face general elections, but senators continue in office. Each body that assembles following an election is considered a separate Parliament; thus, the body which assembled in 2004 is known as the Thirty-Eighth Parliament. Members of the House of Commons in the 38th Parliament of Canada, as of November 10, 2005. ...

Legislative functions

Laws, in draft form known as bills, may be introduced by any member of either House, but are most often introduced by Ministers of the Crown, and are known as Government Bills. Bills introduced by members who are not Ministers are known as Private Members' Bills (in the case of the House of Commons) or as Private Senators' Bills (in the case of the Senate). Bills may also be categorised as Public Bills (if they apply to the general public) or as Private Bills (if they particularly concern a person or a limited group of persons).

Each bill goes through a number of stages in each House. The first stage, known as the first reading, is purely formal. At the ensuing second reading, the general principles of the bill are debated; though a rejection is possible, it is not common in the case of Government Bills. A first reading is when a bill is introduced to a legislature. ... A second reading is the state of the legislative process where a draft of a bill is read a second time. ...

Next, the bill is sent by the House in question to one of several different committees. Most often, the bill is committed to a Standing Committee, a body of members or senators which specialises in a particular subject (such as foreign affairs). The committee may examine witnesses, Ministers, and experts, debate the bill, and recommend amendments. The bill may also be committed to the Committee of the Whole, a body which consists, as the name suggests, of all the members of the House in question. Finally, the bill could be referred to an ad hoc committee established solely to review the piece of legislation in question. Each chamber has their own procedure for dealing with this, with the Senate establishing special committees, which function like most other committees, and the House of Commons establishing Legislative Committees. A Legislative Committee is an ad hoc committee established to consider a piece of legislation, but the Chair is appointed by the Speaker of the House of Commons, and is normally one of his deputies. The Senate has no procedure for Legislative Committees. Whichever committee is used, any amendments proposed by the committee are considered by the whole House in the Report Stage. Furthermore, additional amendments not proposed by the committee may also be made.

After the Report Stage (or, if the committee made no amendments to the bill, immediately after the Committee Stage), the final stage of the bill—the third reading—occurs. Further amendments are not permitted in the House of Commons, but are allowed in the Senate. If it passes the third reading, the bill is sent to the other House, where it passes through the same stages. Amendments made by the second House require the assent of the original House in order to stand part of the final bill. If, however, one House passes amendments that the other will not agree to, and the two Houses cannot resolve their disagreements, the bill fails. A third reading is the stage of a legislative process in which a bill is read with all amendments and given final approval by a legislative body. ...

Finally, if the bill is passed in identical form by both Houses, it is presented for the Royal Assent. In theory, the Governor General has three options: he or she may grant the Royal Assent (making the bill law), withhold the Royal Assent (vetoing the bill) or reserve the bill for the Signification of the Queen's Pleasure (allowing the Sovereign to personally grant or withhold Assent). If the Governor General does grant the Royal Assent, the Sovereign may, within two years, "disallow" the bill, thereby annulling the law in question. By modern constitutional convention, however, the Royal Assent is always granted, and bills are never disallowed. // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ...

In conformity with the British model, only the House of Commons may originate bills for the imposition of taxes or for the appropriation of public funds. Otherwise, the theoretical power of both Houses over bills is equal, with the assent of each being required for passage. In practice, however, the House of Commons is the dominant chamber of Parliament, with the Senate rarely exercising its powers in a way that opposes the will of the democratically elected House.

Relationship with the Government

The Canadian Government is answerable to the Lower House of Parliament, the House of Commons. However, neither the Prime Minister nor members of the Government are elected by the House of Commons. Instead, the Governor General requests the person most likely to command the support of a majority of the House of Commons (usually the leader of the party with the greatest number of seats in that House) to form a government. If no party holds a majority, it is customary to appoint a minority government rather than a coalition government. The Prime Minister then selects the members of the Cabinet, who are then formally appointed by the Governor General. The House of Commons after the 2006 election, resulting in a Conservative minority government (in blue) During the history of Canadian politics there have been eleven previous minority governments on the federal level, and a number provincially. ... A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a cabinet in parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate. ...

So that they may be accountable to the Lower House, the Prime Minister and most members of the Cabinet are members of the House of Commons instead of the Senate. If the leader of the largest party is not a member of the House of Commons, then he or she, by constitutional convention, seeks election to that House at the earliest possible opportunity. Normally, a junior member of Parliament who holds a safe seat resigns to allow the Prime Minister to enter the House of Commons.

The House of Commons, not the Senate, is the responsible House of Parliament, meaning that the Government is answerable to it alone. It controls the executive by passing or rejecting its Bills and by forcing Ministers of the Crown to answer for their actions, for example during "Question Period," when the Ministers are obliged to answer questions posed by members. The Lower House may attempt to bring down the Government by rejecting a Motion of Confidence or by passing a Motion of No Confidence. Confidence motions are generally originated by the Government to reinforce its support in the House, whilst no confidence motions are introduced by the Opposition. Important bills that form part of the Government's agenda are generally considered matters of confidence. Furthermore, the confidence of the House of Commons is deemed to have been withdrawn if that House "withdraws Supply," that is, rejects the budget. Question Period or Oral Questions is a Canadian parliamentary practice similar to the British Prime Ministers Questions in which Members of Parliament submit questions to the government ministers including the Prime Minister for answer. ... A Motion of Confidence is a motion of support proposed by a government in a parliament or other assembly of elected representatives to give members of parliament (or other such assembly) a chance to register their confidence in a government. ... A motion of no confidence, also called a motion of non-confidence, a censure motion, a no-confidence motion, or simply a confidence motion, is a parliamentary motion traditionally put before a parliament by the opposition in the hope of defeating or embarrassing a government. ...

Where a government has lost the confidence of the House of Commons, the Prime Minister is obliged to either resign (allowing the Governor General to appoint the Leader of the Opposition to the office), or seek the dissolution of Parliament and a new general election. A precedent, however, was set in 1968, when the Government of Lester Bowles Pearson unexpectedly lost a confidence vote, but was allowed to remain in power with the mutual consent of the leaders of the other parties. Though the Governor General is theoretically permitted to refuse to dissolve Parliament, it is highly improbable that he or she would do so. The Leader of the Opposition (French: Chef de lOpposition) in Canada is the Member of Parliament in the Canadian House of Commons who leads Her Majestys Loyal Opposition (the body in Parliament recognized as the Official Opposition). ... The Right Honourable Lester Bowles Mike Pearson, PC, CC, OM, MA (April 23, 1897 – December 27, 1972) was the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada from April 22, 1963, to April 20, 1968, and also a 1957 Nobel Laureate. ...

In practice, the House of Commons' scrutiny of the government is very weak. Since the First-Past-the-Post electoral system is employed in elections, the governing party tends to enjoy a large majority in the Commons; there is often limited need to compromise with other parties. Modern Canadian political parties are so tightly organised that they leave relatively little room for free action by their MPs. In many cases, MPs may be expelled from their parties for voting against the instructions of party leaders. Thus, defeats of majority governments on issues of confidence are very rare. The last prime minister to lose a confidence vote was Paul Martin in 2005. Prior to this, the last prime minister to lose a confidence vote was Joe Clark in 1979. Mackenzie King requested a dissolution of Parliament. ... Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, PC, MP, BA, LLB, LLD (h. ... Charles Joseph Joe Clark, PC, CC, AOE, MA, LLD (born June 5, 1939) was the sixteenth prime minister of Canada, from June 4, 1979, to March 3, 1980. ...

Powers

The powers of the Parliament of Canada are limited by the constitution, which divides legislative powers between the federal and provincial governments. In general, provincial Legislatures may only pass laws relating to topics explicitly reserved for them by the constitution, such as education, provincial officers, municipal government, charitable institutions, and "matters of a merely local or private nature." Under the constitution, any matter not under the exclusive authority of the provincial Legislatures is within the scope of Parliament's power. Thus, Parliament alone can pass laws relating to, amongst other things, the postal service, the census, the military, navigation and shipping, fishing, currency, banking, weights and measures, bankruptcy, copyrights, patents, Indians, and naturalization. In some cases, however, the powers of Parliament and the Legislatures seem to overlap. For instance, Parliament regulates marriage and divorce in general, but the solemnization of marriage is regulated only by the Legislatures. Other examples include the powers of both Parliament and the Legislatures to impose taxes, borrow money, punish crimes, and regulate agriculture. It has been suggested that first class mail be merged into this article or section. ... 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering. ... â€œBankerâ€ redirects here. ... Weights and measures is a term used by legal authorities in English speaking countries such as the United Kingdom for a function related to units of measurement in trade. ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administrationâ€”see text) in the United Kingdom. ... Copyright symbol Copyright is a set of exclusive rights regulating the use of a particular expression of an idea or information. ... For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ... In law, naturalization refers to an act whereby a person acquires a citizenship different from that persons citizenship at birth. ... â€œSpouseâ€ redirects here. ... For the record label, see Divorce Records. ...

The powers of the Canadian Parliament are also limited by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Most of the provisions of the Charter may be overridden by an Act that includes a notwithstanding clause. Such a provision, however, has never been used by Parliament, though it has been employed by provincial Legislatures. Laws violating the Charter, as well as laws violating other parts of the constitution, are invalid, and may be ruled unconstitutional by the courts. The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ... Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada. ... The Canadian court system is made up of many courts differing in levels of legal superiority and separated by jurisdiction. ...

Privileges

The Parliament of Canada possesses a number of privileges, known together as parliamentary privilege. Each House is the guardian of its own privileges, and may punish breaches thereof. Parliament itself determines the extent of parliamentary privilege, but the constitution bars it from conferring any privileges "exceeding those at the passing of such Act held, enjoyed, and exercised by the [British House of] Commons … and by the Members thereof." Parliamentary privilege, also known as absolute privilege, is a legal mechanism employed within the legislative bodies of countries whose constitutions are based on the Westminster system. ...

The foremost privilege held by both Houses is that of freedom of speech in debate: nothing said in either House may be questioned in any court or other institution outside Parliament. In particular, a member of either House cannot be sued for slander based on speeches made in the course of parliamentary proceedings. The only restraints on debate are placed by the Standing Orders (or rules) of the two Houses themselves. Another privilege of individual members is that of freedom from arrest in civil cases (but not for allegedly criminal actions). Members of both Houses are also privileged from jury service and attendance of courts as witnesses. â€œLibelâ€ redirects here. ...

Each House, furthermore, possesses privileges as a body, including the privilege of determining its own internal affairs and the privilege of disciplining its members for disobeying its rules. Furthermore, each House may punish contempt of Parliament (that is, disobedience of its authority, for example by giving false testimony before a parliamentary committee) and breaches of its own privileges. In many jurisdictions governed by a Parliament, Contempt of Parliament is the crime of obstructing the Parliament in the carrying out of its functions, or of hindering any Member of Parliament in the performance of his or her duties. ...

See also

Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada. ... Canadian Parliaments are the legislative bodies of the Government of Canada. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countriesAtlas Politics Portal Canada is a federation which consists of ten provinces that, with three territories, make up the worlds second largest country in total area. ... // The youngest ever MP was Claude-AndrÃ© Lachance, first elected in the general election of July 8, 1974 at the age of 20 years and 3 months. ... Hansard is the traditional name for the printed transcripts of parliamentary debates in the Westminster system of government. ...

External links

References

class="preview" id="pv227"> This page provides an overview of Canadian federal election results since 1867, the year the Constitution Act established the federal government structure for the Dominion of Canada . ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1867 election The 1867 federal election, which proved how much canada sucks ended on September 20th, was the first election for the new . ... Politics of Canada Categories: Stub | Canadian federal elections ... The Canadian federal election of 1874 was held on January 22, 1874. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1878 election The Canadian federal election of 1878 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1882 election The Canadian federal election of 1882 was held on June 20, 1882 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1887 election The Canadian federal election of 1887 was held on February 22, 1887 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The 1891 Canadian federal election was won by the Conservative Party of Sir John A. Macdonald. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1896 election The Canadian federal election of 1896 was held on June 23, 1896 to elect members of the 8th Parliament of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1900 election The Canadian federal election of 1900 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... In the Canadian federal election of 1904, SIr Wilfrid Laurier led the Liberal Party of Canada to a second term in government, with an increased majority in the canadian House of Commons, and over half of the popular vote. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1908 election The Canadian federal election of 1908 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1911 election The Canadian federal election of 1911 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1917 election The 1917 Canadian federal election (sometimes referred to as the khaki election) was held on December 17, 1917, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1921 election The Canadian federal election of 1921 was held on December 6, 1921 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1925 election The Canadian federal election of 1925 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1926 election The Canadian federal election of 1926 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1930 election The Canadian federal election of 1930 was held on July 28, 1930 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons to the 17th Parliament. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1935 election The Canadian federal election of 1935 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1940 election The Canadian federal election of 1940 was the 19th general election in Canadian history. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1945 election The Canadian federal election of 1945 was the 20th general election in Canadian history. ... The Canadian federal election of 1949 was the first election in Canada in almost thirty years in which the Liberals were not led by William Lyon Mackenzie King. ... National results Notes: (1) The Liberal-Labour MP sat with the Liberal caucus. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1957 election The Canadian federal election of 1957 was held June 10, 1957, to elect members of the 23rd Parliament of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The 24th general election was held just nine months after the 23rd and transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbakers minority into the largest ever majority government in Canadian history. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1962 election The Canadian federal election of 1962 was held on June 18, 1962 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Map of Canadas provinces and territories and which party won the most votes in each province and territory and their popular vote. ... In the Canadian federal election of 1965, the Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected with a larger number of seats in the Canadian House of Commons. ... In the Canadian federal election of June 25, 1968, the Liberal Party won a majority government under its new leader, Pierre Trudeau. ... The House of Commons after the 1972 election The Canadian federal election of 1972 was held on October 30, 1972 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The House of Commons after the 1974 election The Canadian federal election of 1974 was held on July 8, 1974 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The House of Commons after the 1979 election The Canadian federal election of 1979 was held on May 22, 1979 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The House of Commons after the 1980 election The 1980 Canadian federal election was called when the minority Progressive Conservative government led by Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. ... The Canadian federal election of 1984 was called on July 4, 1984, and held on September 4 of that year. ... Map of the Popular Vote with bar graphs showing seat totals in the provinces and territories The Canadian Parliament after the 1988 election The Canadian federal election of 1988 was held November 21, 1988, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Popular vote map with bar graphs showing seat totals in the provinces and territories. ... 36th Parliament The Canadian federal election of 1997 was held on June 2, 1997, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The 2000 Canadian federal election was held on November 27, 2000, to elect 301 Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of Canada. ... The Canadian federal election, 2004 (more formally, the 38th general election), was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Rendition of party representation in the 39th Canadian parliament decided by this election. ... The 40th Canadian federal election, barring war or insurrection, must be called no later than October 19, 2009, according to Bill C-16, which was passed by the 39th Parliament. ...

Canadian Parliaments are the legislative bodies of the Government of Canada. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The initial seat distribution of the 1st Canadian parliament The 1st Canadian parliament was in session from November 6, 1867 until July 8, 1872. ... The initial seat distribution of the 2nd Canadian Parliament Sir John A. Macdonald was Prime Minister during most of the 2nd Canadian Parliament. ... Contents // Categories: Canada government stubs | Canadian parliaments ... The initial seat distribution of the 4th Canadian parliament The 4th Canadian parliament was in session from 1878 until 1882. ... The initial seat distribution of the 5th Canadian parliament The 5th Canadian parliament was in session from 1882 until 1887. ... The initial seat distribution of the 6th Canadian parliament The 6th Canadian parliament was in session from 1887 until 1891. ... The initial seat distribution of the 7th Canadian Parliament Several people served as Prime Minister during the 7th Canadian Parliament. ... The initial seat distribution of the 8th Canadian parliament The 8th Canadian parliament was in session from 1896 until 1900. ... The initial seat distribution of the 9th Canadian parliament The 9th Canadian parliament was in session from 1900 until 1904. ... The initial seat distribution of the 10th Canadian parliament The 10th Canadian parliament was in session from 1904 until 1908. ... The initial seat distribution of the 11th Canadian parliament The 11th Canadian parliament was in session from 1908 until 1911. ... The initial seat distribution of the 12th Canadian parliament The 12th Canadian parliament was in session from 1911 until 1917. ... The initial seat distribution of the 13th Canadian parliament The 13th Canadian parliament was in session from 1917 until 1921. ... The initial seat distribution of the 14th Canadian parliament The 14th Canadian parliament was in session from 1921 until 1925. ... The initial seat distribution of the 15th Canadian parliament The 15th Canadian parliament was in session from 1925 until 1926. ... The initial seat distribution of the 16th Canadian parliament The 16th Canadian parliament was in session from 1926 until 1930. ... The initial seat distribution of the 17th Canadian parliament The 17th Canadian parliament was in session from 1930 until 1935. ... The initial seat distribution of the 18th Canadian parliament The 18th Canadian parliament was in session from 1935 until 1940. ... The initial seat distribution of the 19th Canadian parliament The 19th Canadian parliament was in session from 1940 until 1945. ... The 20th Canadian parliament was in session from 1945 until 1949. ... The 21st Canadian parliament was in session from 1949 until 1953. ... The 22nd Canadian parliament was in session from 1953 until 1957. ... The 23rd Canadian parliament was in session from 1957 until 1958. ... The 24th Canadian parliament was in session from 1958 until 1962. ... The 25th Canadian parliament was in session from 1962 until 1963. ... The 26th Canadian parliament was in session from 1963 until 1965. ... The 27th Canadian parliament was in session from 1965 until 1968. ... The initial seat distribution of the 28th Canadian parliament The 28th Canadian parliament was in session from 1968 until 1972. ... The initial seat distribution of the 29th Canadian parliament The 29th Canadian parliament was in session from 1972 until 1974. ... The initial seat distribution of the 30th Canadian parliament The 30th Canadian parliament was in session from 1974 until 1979. ... The initial seat distribution of the 31st Canadian Parliament Joe Clark was Prime Minister during the 31st Canadian Parliament. ... The initial seat distribution of the 32nd Canadian parliament The 32nd Canadian parliament was in session from March 1980 until June 1984. ... The initial seat distribution of the 33rd Canadian parliament The 33rd Canadian parliament was in session from 1984 until 1988. ... The initial seat distribution of the 34th Canadian Parliament Brian Mulroney was Prime Minister during most of the 34th Canadian Parliament. ... The 35th Canadian parliament was in session from 1993 until 1997. ... The initial seat distribution of the 36th Canadian Parliament Jean ChrÃ©tien was Prime Minister during the 36th Canadian Parliament( and is also a pedafile). ... 37th Parliament * - formerly a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ** - formerly a member of the Canadian Alliance Party Categories: Canadian parliaments ... The initial seat distribution of the 38th Canadian Parliament Paul Martin was Prime Minister during the 38th Canadian Parliament. ... The initial seat distribution of the 39th Canadian Parliament Stephen Harper is the Prime Minister of the 39th Parliament. ...

Categories: Parliament of Canada | National legislatures | Westminster system | Government of Canada | Parliaments by country In contrast with the political party systems of many nations, Canadian parties at the federal level are often only loosely connected with parties at the provincial level, despite having similar names. ... This is a list of Canadas 308 electoral districts (also known as ridings in Canadian English) as defined by the 2003 Representation Order, which came into effect on May 23, 2004. ... This is a list of past arrangements of Canadas electoral districts. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The composition of the disambiguation links at the head of this article and the other Wikipedia articles on the monarchies of the Commonwealth Realms is under discussion at Talk:Commonwealth Realm monarchies (disambiguation). ... This is a list of the Legislative Assemblies of Canadas provinces and territories. ... Legislature Building in Victoria, BC The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is located in Victoria. ... The Legislative Assembly of Alberta meets in the provincial capital, Edmonton. ... The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan is located in Regina. ... The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba is located in central Winnipeg, at the meeting point of the Wolseley and Fort Rouge ridings. ... The Provincial Parliament of Ontario, is the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... The Quebec Parliament Building at night The National Assembly of Quebec (French: AssemblÃ©e nationale du QuÃ©bec) is the name for the legislative body of the province of Quebec, Canada which was defined in the Canadian constitution as the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (lassemblÃ©e lÃ©gislative de... The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick is located in Fredericton. ... The Nova Scotia House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the provincial government of Nova Scotia, located in Halifax. ... The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island is one of two parts of the General Assembly, the other being the Lieutenant-Governor. ... Colonial Building, the House of Assembly of the Dominion of Newfoundland Chamber of the House of Assembly in the Confederation Building. ... The Yukon Legislative Assembly is the legislative assembly for Yukon Territory, Canada. ... The Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, Canada, is located in Yellowknife. ... The Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is located in Iqaluit. ... A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ... This is a list of incorporated cities of Canada in alphabetical order by province. ... Vancouver City Council is the governing body of the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ... The Calgary City Council is the legislative governing body that represents the citizens of Calgary. ... The Edmonton City Council is the governing body of the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. ... The Winnipeg City Council is the governing body of the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ... The Hamilton City Council is the governing body of the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. ... Mississauga City Council is the governing body of the City of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. ... The Toronto City Council is the governing body of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Ottawa City Hall. ... The Montreal City Council is the governing body of Montreal, Quebec. ... The Quebec City Council is the city council for Quebec City, Quebec. ... Victoria City Council is the governing body of Victoria, British Columbia. ... For the Richmond, California city council see, Richmond City Council (Richmond, California). ... Burnaby City Council is the governing body for the City of Burnaby, British Columbia. ... Coquitlam is located in north-east of Vancouver in British Columbia, Canada. ... The Surrey City Council is the governing body of the City of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. ... Abbotsford City Council is the governing body for the City of Abbotsford, British Columbia. ... Saskatoon City Council is the governing body of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. ... Regina City Council is the governing body of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. ... The Thunder Bay City Council is the governing body of the City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. ... Greater Sudbury City Council is the governing body of the City of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. ... Barrie City Council is the governing body for the City of Barrie, Ontario. ... A corrupt bunch of half-wits dedicated to the status quo- or worse. ... The Chatham-Kent municipal council is the governing body of the Municipality of Chatham-Kent in southwestern Ontario, Canada. ... London City Council is the governing body of the city of London, Ontario, Canada. ... Kitchener City Council is the governing body for the city of Kitchener, Ontario. ... Cambridge City Council, Ontario consists of the Mayor of Cambridge, Ontario and 6 ward councillors. ... Guelph City Council is the governing body for the city of Guelph, Ontario. ... The St. ... The Burlington City Council is the City Council responsible for the city of Burlington, Ontario, Canada. ... The Oakville Town Council is the governing body of the Town of Oakville, Ontario, Canada. ... Brampton City Council is the governing body for the City of Brampton, Ontario. ... See Vaughan, Ontario ... Richmond Hill Town Council is the governing body for the city of Richmond Hill, Ontario. ... Town Council as for 2003-2004 Mayor - Don Cousens Councillors Stan Daurio - Ward 1 Erin Shapero - Ward 2 Joseph Virgilio - Ward 3 George McKelvey - Ward 4 John Webster - Ward 5 Dan Horchik - Ward 6 Khalid Usman - Ward 7 Alex Chiu - Ward 8 (former Councillor for Ward 7) Regional Councillors Frank... Oshawa City Council is the governing body for the city of Oshawa, Ontario. ... Kingston City Council is the governing body for the City of Kingston, Ontario. ... The Gatineau Municipal Council (French: Le conseil municipal de Gatineau) is the governing body of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. ... The Sherbrooke City Council (in French: Conseil municipal de Sherbrooke) is the governing body for the city of Sherbrooke, in the Estrie region of Quebec. ... The Saguenay City Council (in French: Conseil municipal de la Ville de Saguenay) is the governing body for the city of Saguenay, in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec. ... Halifax Regional Council is the governing body for the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia. ... Cape Breton Regional Council is the governing body for the Cape Breton Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. ... St. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This is a list of Canada-related topics. ... Canada is a country of 32 million inhabitants that occupies the northern portion of the North American continent, and is the worlds second largest country in area. ... This is a brief timeline of the history of Canada. ... Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien RÃ©gime in France - Royal Control 1655 - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760 - Treaty... // Main article: Province of Quebec (1763-1791) In North America, Seven Years War officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763. ... // Confederation Main article: Canadian Confederation Fathers of Confederation meet in Quebec City In the 1860s, in the wake of the American Civil War, the British were concerned with possible American reprisals against Canada for Britains tacit support of the Confederacy. ... A Canadian WWI recruiting poster // World War I Main article: Military History of Canada during WWI On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated, setting off a chain of events leading to World War I. By August 4, Britain had declared war on Germany and, as... // The Second World War brought many changes to Canada; the government was necessarily more centralized during the war, and it remained so afterwards. ... // Main article: Great Flag Debate Diefenbaker was succeeded by Pearson in 1963, at a time of increasing political unrest in much of the Western world. ... // The New constitution Main article: Patriation In 1982 Britain passed the Canada Act, repatriating the Constitution of Canada. ... // Chretien years and the 1995 referendum Jean ChrÃ©tien became prime minister in the 1993 election, pledging to repeal the GST, which proved to be unfeasible due to the economic circumstances at the time. ... Canadian soldiers advancing behind a tank at the Battle of Vimy Ridge, one of Canadas greatest military victories. ... Canadian historians until the 1960s tended to focus on economic history, including labour history. ... The constitutional history of Canada begins with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, in which France ceded most of New France to Great Britain. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm (see Monarchy in Canada) with a federal system of parliamentary government, and strong democratic traditions. ... The composition of the disambiguation links at the head of this article and the other Wikipedia articles on the monarchies of the Commonwealth Realms is under discussion at Talk:Commonwealth Realm monarchies (disambiguation). ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the vice-regal representative in Canada of the Canadian Monarch, who is the Head of State; Canada is one of... The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the Minister of the Crown who is head of the Government of Canada. ... This is a list of Prime Ministers of Canada since Confederation. ... The Parliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) has two chambers. ... The Court system of Canada is made up of many courts differing in levels of legal superiority and separated by jurisdiction. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprÃªme du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... // Canadian provinces and territories are normally grouped into the following regions (generally from west to east): Northern Canada (The North) Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut Western Canada British Columbia Prairies Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Eastern Canada Central Canada Ontario Quebec Atlantic Canada Maritimes New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia Newfoundland and... The Coast Mountains are the westernmost range of the Pacific Cordillera, running along the south western shore of the North American continent, extending south from the Alaska Panhandle and covering most of coastal British Columbia. ... Ringrose Peak, Lake OHara, British Columbia, Canada The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. ... Map of the Canadian Prairie provinces, which include boreal forests, taiga, and mountains as well as the prairies (proper). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Northern Canada, defined politically Northern Canada is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics. ... Canadian Shield The Canadian Shieldâ€” also called the Precambrian Shield, Laurentian Shield, Bouclier Canadien (French), or Laurentian Plateauâ€” is a large shield covered by a thin layer of soil that forms the nucleus of the North American craton. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... Central Canada, defined politically. ... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Appalachians in North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ... The four Canadian Atlantic provinces. ... The Maritime provinces. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This is a list of incorporated cities of Canada in alphabetical order by province. ... This is a list of the extreme communities in Canada. ... Mount Logan in the Yukon is the highest peak of Canada. ... The Canadian National Parks system encompasses over forty protected areas, including National Parks, National Park Reserves and National Marine Conservation Areas. ... The flora of Canada is quite diverse, due to the wide range of ecoregions and environmental conditions present in Canada. ... // Canadian provinces and territories are normally grouped into the following regions (generally from west to east): Northern Canada (The North) Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut Western Canada British Columbia Prairies Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Eastern Canada Central Canada Ontario Quebec Atlantic Canada Maritimes New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia Newfoundland and... The list of rivers in Canada is organized by drainage basin (new format) and province (old format to be removed). ... The north face of Mount Garibaldi rises above The Table and Garibaldi Lake Black Tusk viewed from the southeast Mount Fee as seen from its north side Mount Edziza in the Stikine Volcanic Belt as seen from the Stewart-Cassiar Highway Mount Garibaldi in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt as seen... Banking in Canada is one of the most efficient and safest banking systems in the world. ... Headquarters Ottawa, Ontario ,Canada Established 1935 Governor David A. Dodge Central Bank of Canada Currency Canadian dollar ISO 4217 Code CAD Website www. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Loonie. ... This is a list of companies from Canada. ... Canadas health care system is a publicly funded health care system, with most services provided by private entities. ... Demographics of Canada, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ... The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. ... The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. ... The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2001 Census[1] and the Canada 2006 Census. ... The urban areas identified below are defined by Statistics Canada with reference to continuous population density, ignoring municipal boundaries. ... The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for census subdivisions. ... Bonhomme, mascot of the Quebec winter carnival. ... The Gothic Revival Parliament Buildings are some of Canadas best known structures The architecture of Canada is, with the exception of that of the First Nations, closely linked to the techniques and styles developed in Europe and the United States. ... The following is a list of some important Canadian artists and groups of artists: Individuals Ran Andrews, 1956-, painter Robert Bateman, 1930-, painter Emily Carr, 1871-1945, painter Alex Colville, 1920-, painter Ken Danby, 1940-, painter Charles Daudelin, 1920-2001, sculptor and painter Paterson Ewen, 1925-2002, painter Marcelle Ferron... This is a list of well-known Canadians. ... Canadian national holidays (with provincial exceptions): Each province of Canada has its own provincial holiday or holidays. ... Skating on the Rideau Canal in Ottawa. ... Canadian literature may be divided into two parts, based on their separate roots: one stems from the culture and literature from France; the other from Britain. ... Canadian music includes pop and folk genres; the latter includes forms derived from England, France (particularly in Quebec), Ireland, Scotland, and various Inuit and Indian ethnic groups. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Celtic music is primarily associated with the folk traditions of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as the popular styles derived from folk culture. ... The term classical music in this article refers to the western or European classical music tradition. ... Canadian hip hop developed much more slowly than the rock music scene. ... Canada has been a source of rock and roll music for decades, beginning with Paul Anka who in 1957 went to New York City where he recorded his own composition, Diana. The song brought him instant stardom and went to No. ... The Flag of Canada Canadian nationalism is a loose term which has been applied to ideologies of several different types which highlight and promote specifically Canadian interests over those of other countries, notably the United States. ... Cultural protectionism in Canada has, since the mid 20th century, taken the form of conscious, interventionist attempts on the part of various Canadian governments to promote Canadian cultural production and limit the effect of foreign, largely American, culture on the domestic audience. ... The contemporary theatre scene in Canada revolves around companies and summer festivals based at facilities in Canadian cities. ... Coat of Arms of Canada (since 1994) The Royal Coat of Arms of Canada (formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada) was proclaimed by King George V on November 21, 1921, as the Arms or Ensigns Armorial of the Dominion of Canada. ... This is a list of flags used in Canada. ... The National Flag of Canada, popularly known as the Maple Leaf and lUnifoliÃ© (French for the one-leaved), is a base red flag with a white square in its centre featuring a stylized, 11-pointed, red maple leaf. ... This is a list of the symbols of Canadian provinces and territories. ... There are many symbols reflecting Canadas status as a constitutional monarchy, including those of the Monarch, or the vice-regal representatives. ...

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