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The patella or kneecap is a thick, triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the front of the knee joint. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. It is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which contracts to straighten the leg. The vastus intermedialis muscle is attached to the base of patella. The vastus lateralis and vastus medialis are attached to lateral and medial borders of patella respectively. Patella may refer to any of the following: Patella, the kneecap bone Patella, a segment of the arthropod leg Patella, a genus of limpets Boeing E-4B - kneecap - NEACP Category: ...
Download high resolution version (800x729, 63 KB)Knee. ...
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ...
This article is about the skeletal organs. ...
The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ...
For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). ...
In anatomy, a sesamoid bone is a bone embedded within a tendon. ...
A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is built to withstand tension. ...
Muscles of the iliac and anterior femoral regions. ...
Diagram of an insect leg A leg is the part of an animals body that supports the rest of the animal above the ground and is used for locomotion. ...
The Vastus intermedius (Crureus) arises from the front and lateral surfaces of the body of the femur in its upper two-thirds and from the lower part of the lateral intermuscular septum. ...
The Vastus lateralis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ...
The vastus medialis is the muscle that brings the kneecap inward, holding it in the position it should be. ...
The patella is stabilised by the insertion of vastus medialis and the prominence of the anterior femoral condyles, which prevent lateral dislocation during flexion. The retinacular fibres of the patella also stabilise it during exercise. The vastus medialis is the muscle that brings the kneecap inward, holding it in the position it should be. ...
The primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella increases the leverage that the tendon can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts. For the Portuguese town and parish, see Lever, Portugal. ...
The patella ossifies between the ages 2-6 years. In some people it may be absent congenitally or hypoplastic. In 2% of the population there is a bipartite patella, which is usually asymptomatic. Ossification is the process of bone formation, in which connective tissues, such as cartilage are turned to bone or bone-like tissue. ...
Regarding non-human animals, the patella is fully developed only in placental mammals; marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae.[1] Orders[1] Bobolestes Eomaia Maelestes Montanalestes Murtoilestes Prokennalestes Placentalia Superorder Xenarthra: Cingulata (Armadillos) Pilosa (Sloths, True Anteaters) Superorder Afrotheria: Afrosoricida (Tenrecs, etc. ...
See also The patellar reflex or knee jerk is a monosynaptic reflex. ...
Additional images Lower extremity Image File history File links Illu_lower_extremity. ...
| Left patella - anterior aspect ImageMetadata File history File links Patella_ant. ...
| Left patella - posterior aspect ImageMetadata File history File links Patella_post. ...
| Right knee-joint. Anterior view. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
| Sagittal section of right knee-joint. Image File history File links Gray350. ...
| Capsule of right knee-joint (distended). Lateral aspect. Image File history File links Gray351. ...
| Front and medial aspect of right thigh. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
| Lateral aspect of right leg. Image File history File links Gray1240. ...
| References - ^ Herzmark MH (1938). "The Evolution of the Knee Joint". J Bone Joint Surg Am 20: 77-84. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ...
External links | Bones of lower limbs | | Femur | head of femur (fovea capitis femoris) - neck of femur - greater trochanter - trochanteric fossa - lesser trochanter - tubercle of the femur - intertrochanteric line - intertrochanteric crest - linea quadrata body (linea aspera, third trochanter, pectineal line, adductor tubercle) The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind in the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City. ...
This article is about the skeletal organs. ...
In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ...
The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ...
The femur head which is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. ...
The surface of the head of the femur is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligamentum teres. ...
The femur neck is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the head with the body, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. ...
Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ...
The medial surface of the Upper extremity of femur, of much less extent than the lateral, presents at its base a deep depression, the trochanteric fossa (digital fossa), for the insertion of the tendon of the Obturator externus, and above and in front of this an impression for the insertion...
The Lesser Trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects; it projects from the lower and back part of the base of the neck. ...
A prominence, of variable size, occurs at the junction of the upper part of the neck with the greater trochanter, and is called the tubercle of the femur; it is the point of meeting of five muscles: the Gluteus minimus laterally, the Vastus lateralis below, and the tendon of the...
Running obliquely downward and medialward from the tubercle of the femur is the intertrochanteric line (spiral line of the femur); it winds around the medial side of the body of the bone, below the lesser trochanter, and ends about 5 cm. ...
Running obliquely downward and medialward from the summit of the greater trochanter on the posterior surface of the neck is a prominent ridge, the intertrochanteric crest. ...
A slight ridge is sometimes seen commencing about the middle of the intertrochanteric crest, and reaching vertically downward for about 5 cm. ...
The body of the femur (or shaft), almost cylindrical in form, is a little broader above than in the center, broadest and somewhat flattened from before backward below. ...
The linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermusclular septa. ...
The upper part of the gluteal tuberosity is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed. ...
On the posterior surface of the femur, the intermediate ridge or pectineal line is continued to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachment to the pectineus muscle. ...
The medial lip of the linea aspera ends below at the summit of the medial condyle, in a small tubercle, the adductor tubercle, which affords insertion to the tendon of the Adductor magnus. ...
lower extremity (lateral condyle, medial condyle, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, patellar surface) | | Tibia | upper extremity: medial condyle - lateral condyle - intercondyloid eminence - tuberosity of the tibia - posterior intercondyloid fossa - anterior intercondyloid fossa body: soleal line The lower extremity of the femur (or distal extremity), larger than the upper extremity of femur, is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior; it consists of two oblong eminences known as the condyles. ...
The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. ...
The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. ...
The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. ...
The medial epicondyle of the femur is a large convex eminence to which the tibial collateral ligament of the knee-joint is attached. ...
The articular surface of the lower end of the femur occupies the anterior, inferior, and posterior surfaces of the condyles. ...
This article is about the vertebrate bone. ...
The upper extremity of the tibia (or proximal extremity) is large, and expanded into two eminences, the medial condyle and lateral condyle. ...
The medial condyle is the medial portion of the upper extremity of tibia. ...
The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia. ...
Between the articular facets of the upper extremity of the tibia, but nearer the posterior than the anterior aspect of the bone, is the intercondyloid eminence (spine of tibia), surmounted on either side by a prominent tubercle, on to the sides of which the articular facets are prolonged; in front...
Narrow below where the anterior surfaces of the condyles of the tibia end in a large oblong elevation, the tuberosity of the tibia, which gives attachment to the ligamentum patellae. ...
Posteriorly, the medial condyle and lateral condyle are separated from each other by a shallow depression, the posterior intercondyloid fossa, which gives attachment to part of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee-joint. ...
The anterior intercondyloid fossa (or area) is the location where the anterior cruciate ligament attaches to the tibia. ...
The body of the tibia has three borders and three surfaces. ...
The posterior surface of the tibia presents, at its upper part, a prominent ridge, the soleal line (popliteal line in older texts), which extends obliquely downward from the back part of the articular facet for the fibula to the medial border, at the junction of its upper and middle thirds. ...
lower extremity: medial malleolus | | Fibula | head of fibula - body of fibula - lateral malleolus | | Tarsus | calcaneus (sustentaculum tali, trochlear process) - talus - navicular - cuboid - cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral) | | Metatarsus | 1st metatarsal - 2nd - 3rd - 4th - 5th | | Other | patella - phalanges of the foot | |