NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Paulo Freire

Paulo Freire (Recife, Brazil September 19, 1921 - São Paulo, Brazil May 2, 1997) was a Brazilian educator and is a highly influential theorist of education. Image File history File links PauloFreire. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Nickname: Motto: Ut luceat omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location in Brazil Country Region State Pernambuco Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823 Government - Mayor JoÃ£o Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area - City 218 kmÂ² (84. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Landmark buildings EdifÃcio Italia (at left) and Copan (curved faÃ§ade at center), in SÃ£o Paulo Downtown. ... Nickname: Motto: Ut luceat omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location in Brazil Country Region State Pernambuco Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823 Government - Mayor JoÃ£o Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area - City 218 kmÂ² (84. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Landmark buildings EdifÃcio Italia (at left) and Copan (curved faÃ§ade at center), in SÃ£o Paulo Downtown. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

Biography

Born on September 19, 1989 to middle class parents in Recife, Brazil, Freire became familiar with poverty and hunger during the 1929 Great Depression. These experiences would shape his concerns for the poor and would help to construct his particular educational viewpoint. The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... Nickname: Motto: Ut luceat omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location in Brazil Country Region State Pernambuco Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823 Government - Mayor JoÃ£o Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area - City 218 kmÂ² (84. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ...

Freire enrolled in the Faculty of Law at the University of Recife in 1943. He also studied philosophy, more specifically phenomenology, and the psychology of language. Following his entrance into the legal bar, he never actually practised law and instead worked as a teacher in secondary schools teaching Portuguese. In 1944, he married Elza Maia Costa de Oliveira, a fellow teacher. The two worked together for the rest of her life and had five children. Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

In 2002, Freire was appointed Director of the Department of Education and Culture of the Social Service in the State of Pernambuco, the Brazilian state of which Recife is the capital. Working primarily among the illiterate poor, Freire began to embrace a non-orthodox form of what could be considered ^[1]liberation theology. In Brazil at that time, literacy was a requirement for voting in presidential elections. Also see: 2002 (number). ... Flag of Pernambuco See other Brazilian States Capital Recife Largest City Recife Area 98,281 kmÂ² Population - Total - Density 7,918,344 80. ... In Christianity, liberation theology is a school of theology that focuses on Jesus Christ as not only the Redeemer but also the Liberator of the oppressed. ... This article is about the ability to read and write. ... Voting is a method of decision making wherein a group such as a meeting or an electorate attempts to gauge its opinionâ€”usually as a final step following discussions or debates. ...

In 1961, he was appointed director of the Department of Cultural Extension of Recife University, and in 1962 he had the first opportunity for significant application of his theories, when 300 sugarcane workers were taught to read and write in just 45 days. In response to this experiment, the Brazilian government approved the creation of thousands of cultural circles across the country. Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical...

In 1964, a military coup put an end to that effort, Freire was imprisoned as a traitor for 70 days. After a brief exile in Bolivia, Freire worked in Chile for five years for the Christian Democratic Agrarian Reform Movement and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In 1967, Freire published his first book, Education as the Practice of Freedom. Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... // A coup dÃ‰tat (pronounced ), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, often through illegal means by a part of the state establishment â€” mostly replacing just the high-level figures. ... With its headquarters in Rome, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations programs seek to raise levels of nutrition and standard of living; to improve the production, processing, marketing, and distribution of food and agricultural products; to promote rural development; and, by these means, to eliminate hunger. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ...

The book was well received, and Freire was offered a visiting professorship at Harvard University in 1969. The following year, he wrote his most famous book, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, which was published in both Spanish and English in 1970. Because of the political feud between Freire, a Christian socialist and the successive authoritarian military dictatorships it wasn't published in his own country of Brazil until 1974, when General Ernesto Geisel took control of Brazil and began his process of cultural liberalisation. Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Pedagogy of the Oppressed is the most widely known of Paulo Freires works. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: Christian socialism generally refers to those... The military maintained power in Brazil from 1964 until March 1985 because of political struggles within the regime and Brazilian elite. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Ernesto Beckmann Geisel, pron. ... In general, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. ...

After a year in Cambridge, USA, Freire moved to Geneva, Switzerland to work as a special education adviser to the World Council of Churches. During this time Freire acted as an advisor on education reform in former Portuguese colonies in Africa, particularly Guinea Bissau and Mozambique. Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area - City 7. ... Coat of arms of the Canton of Geneva Coat of arms of the City of Geneva Geneva (French: Genève, German: Genf, Italian: Ginevra, Romansh Genevra, Spanish: Ginebra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zurich), located where Lake Geneva (French: Lac de Genève or Lac L... The World Council of Churches (WCC) is an international Christian ecumenical organization. ... Education reform is a plan or movement which attempts to bring about a systematic change in educational theory or practice across a community or society. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Motto Unidade, Luta, Progresso(Portuguese) Unity, Struggle, Progress Anthem Esta Ã© a Nossa PÃ¡tria Bem Amada(Portuguese) Capital (and largest city) Bissau1 Official languages Portuguese Government Republic - President JoÃ£o Bernardo Vieira - Prime Minister Martinho Ndafa Kabi Independence from Portugal - Declared September 24, 1973 - Recognised September 10, 1974 Area - Total...

In 1979, he was able to return to Brazil, and moved back in 1980. Freire joined the Workers' Party (PT) in the city of São Paulo, and acted as a supervisor for its adult literacy project from 1980 to 1986. When the PT prevailed in the municipal elections in 1988, Freire was appointed Secretary of Education for São Paulo. Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Wikinews has news related to this article: Category:Political crisis in Brazil The Partido dos Trabalhadores (Portuguese for Workers Party) is a left-wing political party in Brazil. ... This article is about the city. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

In 1986, his wife Elza died. Freire married Maria Araújo Freire, who continues with her own radical educational work.

Freire died of heart failure on May 2, 1997. May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

Recognition

Theoretical contributions

Paulo Freire contributed a philosophy of education that came not only from the more classical approaches stemming from Plato, but also from modern Marxist and anti-colonialist thinkers. In fact, in many ways his Pedagogy of the Oppressed may be best read as an extension of, or reply to, Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, which emphasized the need to provide native populations with an education which was simultaneously new and modern (rather than traditional) and anti-colonial (not simply an extension of the culture of the colonizer). Wikibooks has more about this subject: Learning Theories The philosophy of education is the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. ... PLATO was one of the first generalized Computer assisted instruction systems, originally built by the University of Illinois (U of I) and later taken over by Control Data Corporation (CDC), who provided the machines it ran on. ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Frantz Fanon (July 20, 1925 â€“ December 6, 1961) was a French author from Martinique, essayist, psychoanalyst, and revolutionary. ... The Wretched of the Earth (French: Les DamnÃ©s de la Terre, first published 1961) is Frantz Fanons most famous work, written during and regarding the Algerian struggle for independence from colonial rule. ...

Freire is best-known for his attack on what he called the "banking" concept of education, in which the student was viewed as an empty account to be filled by the teacher. Of course, this is not really new — Rousseau's conception of the child as an active learner was already a step away from tabula rasa (which is basically the same as the "banking concept"), and thinkers like John Dewey and Alfred North Whitehead were strongly critical of the transmission of mere "facts" as the goal of education. Freire's work is one of the foundations of critical pedagogy. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, (June 28, 1712 â€“ July 2, 1778) was a Genevan philosopher of the Enlightenment whose political ideas influenced the French Revolution, the development of socialist theory, and the growth of nationalism. ... Tabula rasa (Latin: scraped tablet or clean slate) refers to the epistemological thesis that individual human beings are born with no innate or built-in mental content, in a word, blank, and that their entire resource of knowledge is built up gradually from their experiences and sensory perceptions of the... John Dewey (October 20, 1859 â€“ June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer, whose thoughts and ideas have been greatly influential in the United States and around the world. ... Alfred North Whitehead, OM (February 15, 1861 Ramsgate, Kent, England â€“ December 30, 1947 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) was an English-born mathematician who became a philosopher. ... Critical pedagogy is a teaching approach which attempts to help students question and challenge domination, and the beliefs and practices that dominate. ...

More challenging is Freire's strong aversion to the teacher-student dichotomy. This dichotomy is admitted in Rousseau and constrained in Dewey, but Freire comes close to insisting that it should be completely abolished. This is hard to imagine in absolute terms, since there must be some enactment of the teacher-student relationship in the parent-child relationship, but what Freire suggests is that a deep reciprocity be inserted into our notions of teacher and student. Freire wants us to think in terms of teacher-student and student-teacher; that is, a teacher who learns and a learner who teaches, as the basic roles of classroom participation. A dichotomy is a division into two non-overlapping or mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive parts. ...

This is one of the few attempts anywhere to implement something like democracy as an educational method and not merely a goal of democratic education. Even Dewey, for whom democracy was a touchstone, did not integrate democratic practices fully into his methods, though this was in part a function of Dewey's attitudes toward individuality. In its strongest early form this kind of classroom has been criticized on the grounds that it can mask rather than overcome the teacher's authority. A democratic school is a school that centers on democratic principles and participatory democracy with full and equal participation from both students and staff. ...

Freire has come into criticism. Rich Gibson has critiqued his work as a cul-de-sac, a combination of old-style socialism (wherever Freire was not) and liberal reformism (wherever Freire was). Paul V. Taylor, in his "Texts of Paulo Freire," comes close to calling Freire a plagiarist, while Gibson notes Freire borrows heavily from Hegel's "Phenomenology." Gibson's dissertation which examines Freire's theory, practice, and history in a Marxist context is the sharpest critique of Freire to date. For the musical group, see Cul de Sac (group). ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subjfuck grapesect to control by the community[1] for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ... Plagiarism refers to the use of anothers information, language, or writing, when done without proper acknowledgment of the original source. ... Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. ...

Global impact

Freire's major exponents in North America are Peter McLaren, Donaldo Macedo and Henry Giroux. One of McLaren's classic texts, Paulo Freire: A Critical Encounter, expounds upon Freire's impact in the field of critical education. In Mexico, La Fundacion McLaren has developed an ongoing conversation with Freire's work at http://www.fundacionmclaren.org/ Peter McLaren Peter McLaren (b. ... Henry Giroux, born September 18, 1943, is a US cultural critic. ...

In 1991, the Paulo Freire Institute was established in São Paulo to extend and elaborate upon his theories of popular education. The Institute now has projects in many countries and is currently headquartered at UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies where it actively maintains the Freire archives. The director is Dr. Carlos Torres, a UCLA professor and author of Freirean books including La praxis educativa de Paulo Freire (1978). Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the city. ... It has been suggested that Folk high school be merged into this article or section. ... The Graduate School of Education and Information Studies (GSE&IS) at UCLA combines two distinguished departments whose research and doctoral training programs are committed to expanding the range of knowledge in education, information science, and associated disciplines. ... Carlos Alberto Torres was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on October 1st, 1950. ...

Paulo Freire's work also had a profound impact on Steve Biko and the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa. â€¹ The template below is being considered for deletion. ... The Black Consciousness Movement was a movement which called for non-violent black resistance to the Apartheid government in South Africa. ...

References

See also

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Literacy is the ability to read and write. ... Libraries are useful resources for adult learners. ... The term Conscientization comes from the Portuguese term ConscientizacÃ£o. ... Critical consciousness, or conscientizacao (Portuguese), is a popular education and social concept developed by renowned Brazilian pedagogue Paulo Freire to address a state of in-depth understanding about the world and resulting freedom from oppression. ... Critical pedagogy is a teaching approach which attempts to help students question and challenge domination, and the beliefs and practices that dominate. ... The term Marxist humanism has as its foundation Marxs conception of the alienation of the labourer as he advances it in his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844--an alienation that is born of a capitalist system in which the worker no longer functions as (what Marx terms) a... Pedagogy of the Oppressed is the most widely known of Paulo Freires works. ... It has been suggested that Folk high school be merged into this article or section. ... Look up praxis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... // Praxis Intervention is a kind of Participatory Action Research, with a difference. ... Raya Dunayevskaya (1910 â€“ 1987) was a Ukrainian born immigrant to the United States of America who was a member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). ... Social reconstructionism is a philosophy that emphasizes the addressing of social questions and a quest to create a better society and worldwide democracy. ... Teaching for social justice is an educational philosophy that proponents argue provides justice and equity for all learners in all educational settings. ... Augusto Boal (born 1931 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is an innovative and influential theatrical director, writer and politician. ... The Theatre of the Oppressed is a method elaborated by the Brazilian director Augusto Boal starting from the 60s, first in Brazil and then in Europe. ... â€¹ The template below is being considered for deletion. ... Frantz Fanon (July 20, 1925 â€“ December 6, 1961) was a French author from Martinique, essayist, psychoanalyst, and revolutionary. ... Lewis Gordon is an African American philosopher who works in the areas of Africana philosophy, philosophy of human and life sciences, phenomenology, philosophy of existence, social and political theory, postcolonial thought, theories of race and racism, philosophies of liberation, aesthetics, philosophy of education, and philosophy of religion. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandÄs karamcand gÄndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 â€“ January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ... Nigel Gibson is an activist and scholar. ...

Paulo Freire Institutes around the world

Paulo Freire Freedom School is a free, public charter school, grades 6-8, which opened in Tucson, Arizona in August 2005 with a vision and mission inspired by the life and work of Brazilian educator and literacy pioneer Paulo Freire, as well as the 1964 Mississippi Freedom School movement. ...

External links

Categories: Popular education | Alternative education | Brazilian educationists | Brazilian educators | Christian socialists | People from Campinas, São Paulo | State University of Campinas | Recipients of the UNESCO Prize for Peace Education | 1921 births | 1997 deaths | Development specialists | Youth empowerment individuals It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: Unencyclopedic. ... The term Conscientization comes from the Portuguese term ConscientizacÃ£o. ... Critical consciousness, or conscientizacao (Portuguese), is a popular education and social concept developed by renowned Brazilian pedagogue Paulo Freire to address a state of in-depth understanding about the world and resulting freedom from oppression. ... Critical pedagogy is a teaching approach which attempts to help students question and challenge domination, and the beliefs and practices that dominate. ... Pedagogy of the Oppressed is the most widely known of Paulo Freires works. ... It has been suggested that Folk high school be merged into this article or section. ... Look up praxis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Teaching for social justice is an educational philosophy that proponents argue provides justice and equity for all learners in all educational settings. ... Youth empowerment is an attitudinal, structural, and cultural process whereby young people gain the ability, authority, and agency to make decisions and implement change in their own lives and the lives of other people, including youth and adults. ...

Contents

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