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Pederasty or paederasty (literally 'boy-love', see Etymology below) refers to an intimate or erotic relationship between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family. It has found expression from earliest times through a variety of customs and practices within different cultures. The initialism LGBT also GLBT is in use (since the 1990s) to refer collectively to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender people. ...
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Pederasty or paederasty (literally boy-love, see Etymology below) refers to an intimate or erotic relationship between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family. ...
In the Western ambit it is best represented by the institutions of Ancient Greece, where it reached its cultural zenith in 5th century BC Athens (see Athenian pederasty). Even as it was being established as a cornerstone of the Greek paideia, critics were raising objections to its sexualized form, giving rise to a pederastic philosophy and art which devalued carnal relations and became the foundation of later repression and condemnation of all homosexual expression. Notwithstanding a history of intolerance in some cultures, its continuance across the centuries is attested by the work of scholars, writers and artists, often inspired by the art and literature of the ancients. Today, while there is greater public acceptance of homosexuality in many countries, adult erotic relations with boys are generally viewed with disapproval, even when the youths are of legal age. The term ancient Greece refers to the periods of Greek history in Classical Antiquity, lasting ca. ...
The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. // The Parthenon of Athens seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ...
Love gift Man presents a cut of meat to a youth with a hoop, in an allusion to boy love. ...
To the ancient Greeks, Paideia (παιδεία) was the process of educating man into his true form, the real and genuine human nature. ...
As a phenomenon, pederasty resists formal classification. Anthropologists, however, have formulated a broad historical perspective of male homosexual practice according to three cultural models: the Greek model, the Melanesian model, and the Western model[1]. Of these, the first two represent pederastic practices, and the last, a comparatively recent evolution, relations between adults. All three co-exist today, though the Greek model is practised in secret, and the Melanesian - associated mainly with Papua New Guinea - is not well-known in the West. A further classification proposes three subdivisions of homosexuality as ‘age-structured' (man-boy), egalitarian (man-man) and gender-structured[2]. The research has shown that pederasty as a cross-cultural phenomenon is the predominant expression of male-male sexuality through recorded history, though the practice has varied significantly within different cultures[3]. It has for instance been associated with coming-of-age ritual, the acquisition of virility and manly virtue, educational aspiration or even military skill and engagement. In poetry and art, the evanescent beauty of adolescent boys has been celebrated from Classical times: in the Middle East, the Near East and Central Asia, in imperial China, pre-modern Japan, and the European Renaissance and beyond. Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ...
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The Western model of male adult relations is seen by researchers as a departure from this norm since it has rarely appeared as a pattern in other times and places. Unlike the other models, it ‘assumes that homosexuality is not merely a behavior, but something innate to a person’s real being.’[1] Whether the emergence of this more recent phenomenon heralds a new direction in male love or whether the historical evidence of pederasty as an autonomous principle will be upheld in generations to come, only time will tell.
Historical synopsis
 Man and youth. Cretan ex-voto from Hermes and Aphrodite shrine at Kato Syme; Bronze, ca. 670-650BCE In antiquity, pederasty as an educational institution for the inculcation of moral and cultural values, as well as a form of sexual expression, entered history from the Archaic period onwards in Ancient Greece, though Cretan ritual objects reflecting an already formalized practice date to the late Minoan civilization, around 1650 BCE.[4] As idealized by the Greeks,[5] pederasty was a relationship and bond – whether sexual or chaste – between an adolescent boy and an adult man outside of his immediate family. While most Greek men engaged in relations with both women and boys,[6] exceptions to the rule were known, some avoiding relations with women, and others rejecting relations with boys. In Rome, relations with boys took a more informal and less civic path, men either taking advantage of dominant social status to exact sexual favors from their social inferiors, or carrying on illicit relationships with freeborn boys.[7] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
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Pederastic courtship scene Athenian black-figure amphora, 5th c. ...
Zeus and Ganymede The Cretans, a Dorian people described by Plutarch as renowned for their moderation and conservative ways, practiced an archaic form of pederasty [1] in which the man enacted a ritual kidnapping (known as the harpagmos, or seizing) of a boy of his choosing, with the consent of...
The Minoan civilization was a bronze age civilization which arose on Crete, an island in the Aegean Sea. ...
An intimate relationship is a particularly close interpersonal relationship. ...
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Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ...
Analogous relations were documented among other ancient peoples, such as the Thracians,[8] the Celts and various Germanic peoples such as the Heruli and the Taifali.[9] According to Plutarch, the ancient Persians, too, had long practiced it, an opinion seconded by Sextus Empiricus who asserted that the laws of the Persians "recommended" the practice.[10] Herodotus, however, asserts they learned copulation with boys (παισὶ μίσγονται) from the Greeks,[11] by the use of that term reducing their practice to what John Addington Symonds describes as the "vicious form" of pederasty,[12] as opposed to the more restrained and cultured one valued by the Greeks. Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak Thrace (Bulgarian: , Greek: , Attic Greek: ThrÄÃkÄ“ or ThrÄ“ÃkÄ“, Latin: , Turkish: ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ...
Celts, normally pronounced // (see article on pronunciation), is widely used to refer to the members of any of the peoples in Europe using the Celtic languages or descended from those who did. ...
Thor/Donar, Germanic thunder god. ...
The Heruli (spelled variously in Latin and Greek) were a nomadic Germanic people, who were subjugated by the Ostrogoths, Huns, and Byzantines in the 3rd to 5th centuries. ...
The dragon-and-pearl device of the shields of the Equites Taifali unit based in Britain. ...
Mestrius Plutarchus (Greek: ΠλοÏταÏχος; 46 - 127), better known in English as Plutarch, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. ...
Persia redirects here. ...
Sextus Empiricus (fl. ...
Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: HÄ“rodotos HalikarnÄsseus) was a Greek historian from Ionia who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ...
John Addington Symonds was the name of a father and son, both English writers. ...
Opposition to the carnal aspects of pederasty existed concurrently with the practice, both within and outside of the cultures in which it was found. Among the Greeks, a few cities prohibited it, and in others, such as Sparta, some claimed that only the chaste form of pederasty was permitted. Likewise, Plato's writings devalue and finally condemn sexual intercourse with the boys one loved, while glorifying the self-disciplined lover who abstained from consummating the relationship.[13]
The Judaeo-Christian faiths also condemned sodomy (while defining that term variously), a theme later promulgated by Islam and, later still, by the Baha'i Faith. Within the Baha'i faith, pederasty is the only mention of any type of homosexuality by Baha'u'llah. "We shrink, for very shame, from treating of the subject of boys. Fear ye the Merciful, O peoples of the world! Commit not that which is forbidden you in Our Holy Tablet, and be not of those who rove distractedly in the wilderness of their desires."[14] François Elluin, Sodomites provoking the wrath of God, from Le pot pourri de Loth (1781). ...
The issue of religion and sexual orientation has become a highly debated topic, involving religious morality, opinion of homosexuality, and questions of civil rights. ...
Baháulláh (1817–1892) (Persian: Mírzá Husayn-Alí (میرزا حسینعلی)) was the founder and prophet of the Baháí Faith. ...
Within the blanket condemnation of sodomy in many faiths, pederasty in particular has been a target. The second century preacher Clement of Alexandria used divine pederasty as an indictment of Greek religion: "For your gods did not abstain even from boys. One loved Hylas, another Hyacinthus, another Pelops, another Chrysippus, another Ganymedes. These are the gods your wives are to worship!"[15] The early Christian Roman emperors quashed pederasty, together with the other overtly sexual manifestations of Greco-Roman religion and culture, as part of the imposition of Christianity as a state religion.[16] Early legal codes prescribed harsh penalties for violators. The law code of the Visigothic king Chindasuinth called for both partners [11] to be "emasculated without delay, and be delivered up to the bishop of the diocese where the deed was committed to be placed in solitary confinement in a prison." [12][13] These punishments were often linked to the penance given after the Sacrament of Confession. At Rome, the punishment was burning at the stake since the time of Theodosius I (390). Nonetheless the practice continued to surface, giving rise to proverbs such as With wine and boys around, the monks have no need of the Devil to tempt them, an early Christian saying from the Middle East.[17] Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens), was the first member of the Church of Alexandria to be more than a name, and one of its most distinguished teachers. ...
Greek religion is the polytheistic religion practiced in ancient Greece in form of cult practices, thus the practical counterpart of Greek mythology. ...
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Migrations The Visigoths (Western Goths) were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe (the Ostrogoths being the other). ...
Chindasuinth (Chindaswinth, Chindaswind, Chindasuinto, Chindasvindo, or Khindaswinth; in Spanish, Chindasvinto; and in Latin, Chintasvintus) (c. ...
Emasculation is the removal of the genitalia of a male, notably the penis and/or the testicles, by surgery, violence, or accident (see castration). ...
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Pederasty was notable to historians in Moorish Spain,[18] and Tuscany and northern Italy during the Renaissance.[19][20] Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ...
For other uses, see Tuscany (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ...
Elsewhere, it was practiced in pre-Modern Japan until the Meiji restoration,[21] in Mughal India until the British colonization, amongst the Aztecs and Maya prior to the Spanish conquest of Mexico and in China and Central Asia until the early 20th century. In the Islamic world spiritual pederasty was incorporated into many mystic Sufi teachings. The tradition of pederasty persists to the present day in certain areas of Afghanistan, the Middle East, North Africa, and Melanesia. Man and youth Tryst between a man and a male youth. ...
The Meiji Restoration ), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japans political and social structure. ...
The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...
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Shah Abbas I and a page The dedication reads Tempera and gilt; Muhammad Qasim, 1627; Louvre, Paris For a generalized discussion of relations between men and boys see main article: Pederasty The practice of pederasty in the Middle East seems to have begun, according to surviving records, sometime during the...
As a practice by some antinomian Sufis, which was seen as deviant by Rumi and Shams [1], the meditation known in Arabic as Nazar illal-murd (Arabic: ) refers to the concept of contemplation of the beardless. ...
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Sexual expression between adults and adolescents is not well studied and since the 1990s has been often conflated with pedophilia. Such relationships raise issues of morality and functionality, agency for the youth, and parental authority. They may also raise issues of legality in those cases where the minor is below the age of consent. Homosexual pederasty have been deemed beneficial by groups such as ancient philosophers, Japanese samurai, and modern writers such as Oscar Wilde. In many societies, it was justified on the grounds that the boy needed sexual relations with a man in order to become a man himself and that man-boy relations were superior to relations with a woman, in line with the highly misogynistic cultures in which they were openly practiced. Today, most commentators disapprove of them and consider that they have a negative effect on the psychological development of the youth. A study countering this position, authored by Bruce Rind and others, was published by the American Psychological Association in 1998. See Historical pederastic relationships and Pederasty in the modern world. Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...
Pedophilia or paedophilia (see spelling differences) is the primary or exclusive sexual attraction by adults to prepubescent youths. ...
Age of consent laws Worldwide While the phrase age of consent typically does not appear in legal statutes,[1] when used with reference to criminal law the age of consent is the minimum age at which a person is considered to be capable of legally giving informed consent to any...
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Rind et al. ...
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Whitman & Duckett Over the course of history there have been a number of recorded love-based mentoring relationships between older men and adolescent boys. ...
In the past century, the term pederasty has seen a number of different uses. ...
Etymology and usage
 The Death of Hyacinth, by Jean Broc “Pederasty” derives from the combination of “παίδ-” (the Greek stem for boy) with “ἐραστής” (Greek for lover; cf. “eros”). Late Latin “pæderasta” was borrowed in the sixteenth century directly from Plato’s classical Greek in The Symposium. (Latin transliterates “αί” as “ae”.) The word first appeared in the English language during the Renaissance, as “pæderastie” (e.g. in Samuel Purchas' Pilgrimage.), in the sense of sexual relations between men and boys. Download high resolution version (565x800, 105 KB)The Death of Hyacinth by Jean Broc. ...
Download high resolution version (565x800, 105 KB)The Death of Hyacinth by Jean Broc. ...
Eros ( érÅs) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. ...
For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ...
Samuel Purchas (1575?-1626), was an English travel writer, a near-contemporary of Richard Hakluyt. ...
In modern academic parlance, “pederasty” is used as a generic term which includes the cultural phenomenon of erotic relationships between men and adolescent boys, wherever encountered. (See “Reference” section below, esp. Hubbard, El-Rouayheb, Sergent, Percy, Dover, Leupp, and many others.) For example, pederasty has been defined as “The erotic relationship between an adult male and a youth, generally one between the ages of twelve and seventeen, in which the older partner is attracted to the younger one who returns his affection.”[22] Another, more detailed version indicates likewise but stipulates that such a relationship is pederastic "whether or not the liaison leads to overt sexual contact."[23]
However, dictionary definitions of the practice range from the moralistic (Oxford Compact Edition 1971: “Unnatural connexion with a boy; sodomy”) to others focused on the mechanics of a sexual act (Merriam-Webster (on-line edition): “one who practices anal intercourse especially with a boy”).
Social class factors Pederastic relationships in a number of different societies were identified with the upper classes, or with class difference between the partners. This class difference at times was seen as facilitating the relationship by providing upward mobility when the man was from the upper class and the boy from a poor family. In other cases it became a symbol of the power of love to transcend class distinctions, as in pre-modern Japan where the fact that high-born lovers entered into devoted relationships with boys from the lower classes was held up to admiration.
In ancient Sparta pederasty was practiced by the aristocracy as an educational device. In Athens the slaves were expressly forbidden from entering into pederastic relations with the free-born boys. In medieval Islamic civilization, pederastic relations "were so readily accepted in upper-class circles that there was often little or no effort to conceal their existence."[24]
The ancient world
 Ganymede rolling a hoop and bearing aloft a cockerel - a love gift from Zeus (in pursuit, on obverse of vase). Attic red-figure crater, 500-490 BCE; Painter of Berlin; Louvre, Paris) Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 562 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1874 × 1998 pixels, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 562 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1874 × 1998 pixels, file size: 1. ...
The Rape of Ganymede, by Rubens In Greek mythology, Ganymede, or closer to the Greek Ganymede the great man that leads (in Greek — Γανυμήδης, Ganumēdēs) was a divine hero whose homeland was the Troad. ...
Ganymede rolling a hoop and bearing aloft a cockerel - a love gift from Zeus (in pursuit, on obverse of vase). ...
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For other uses, see Zeus (disambiguation). ...
The Greeks - Main articles: Pederasty in Ancient Greece and Philosophy of Greek pederasty
The ancient Greeks, in the context of the pederastic city-states, were the first to describe, study, systematize, and establish pederasty as an institution. As keystone of the Greek paideia, the relationship between lover and beloved (erastes and eromenos) was valued for fostering excellence in the youth as well as in the man who loved him. Pederastic courtship scene Athenian black-figure amphora, 5th c. ...
Tomb of the Diver The topic of pederasty, one that took pride of place over the love of women in the erotic lives of Greek aristocrats in general and 5th century BC Athenians in particular[1], was the subject of extensive analysis in the Greek philosophical schools as well as...
To the ancient Greeks, Paideia (παιδεία) was the process of educating man into his true form, the real and genuine human nature. ...
In the pederastic tradition of Classical Athens, the eromenos (Greek á¼Ïόμενος, pl. ...
In the pederastic tradition of Classical Athens, the eromenos (Greek á¼Ïόμενος, pl. ...
The topic of pederasty was the subject of extensive analysis. Some of the principal dilemmas discussed were:
- Is pederasty right or wrong?
- Which form should pederasty take, chaste or sexual?
- What kind of sexual acts are legitimate?
- Is pederasty superior to the love for women?
Plato was an early critic of sexual intercourse in pederastic relationships, proposing that men's love of boys avoid all sexual expression and instead progress from admiration of the lover's specific virtues to love of virtue itself in abstract form. While copulation with boys was often criticized and seen as shameful and brutish,[25] other aspects of the relationship were considered beneficial, as indicated in proverbs such as A lover is the best friend a boy will ever have.[26]
Pederastic relationships were dyadic mentorships. These mentorships were sanctioned by the state, and consecrated by the religious establishment. See Mythology of same-sex love. The pederastic relationship also had to be approved by the boy's father. Boys entered into such relationships in their teens, around the same age that Greek girls were given in marriage. The mentor was expected to teach the young man or to see to his education, and to give him certain appropriate ceremonial gifts. Often such relationships took place in a military context. See Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece. Religious narrative has included stories interpreted by many as accounts of same-sex love and sexuality. ...
When the topic of homosexuality in the militaries of Ancient Greece is discussed, the Sacred Band of Thebes is usually considered as the prime example of how the Ancient Greeks used homoerotic or homosexual relationships between soldiers in a troop to boost the fighting spirit of their militaries. ...
Pederasty was the idealized form of an age-structured homoeroticism that, like all social institutions, had other, less idyllic, manifestations, such as prostitution or the use of one’s slave boys.
 At the palaestra Youth, holding a net shopping bag filled with walnuts, a love gift, draws close to a man who reaches out to fondle him; Attic red-figure plate 530- 430 BCE; Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. The physical dimension ranged from fully chaste to sexual intercourse. Pederastic art usually shows the man standing, grasping the boy's chin with one hand and reaching to fondle his genitals with the other. While historians such as Dover and Halperin hold that only the man experienced pleasure, art and poetry indicate reciprocation of desire, and other historians assert that it is "a modern fairy tale that the younger eromenos was never aroused."[27] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Pompeii palaestra seen from the top of the stadium wall. ...
Battle of Daras: Belisarius and Hermogenes defeat the Persians in a major battle which blunts a Persian offensive into Roman Mesopotamia. ...
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Ashmolean Museum main entrance. ...
This article is about the city of Oxford in England. ...
Pederastic relationships were known throughout most of ancient Greece. The state was said to benefit from the fact that the friendship functioned as a restraint on the youth. In Sparta, for example, if he committed a crime it was not the boy but his trainer who was punished. The army was potentiated by the practice, as the two fought side by side, with each vying to shine before the other.
Pederastic couples were also said to be feared by tyrants, because the bond between the friends was stronger than that of obedience to a tyrannical ruler. Plutarch gives as examples the Athenians Harmodius and Aristogeiton. Others, such as Aristotle, claimed that some states encouraged pederasty as a means of population control, by directing love and sexual desire into non-procreative channels, a feature of pederasty later employed by other cultures, such as the Siwan, and perhaps the Melanesian. Statue of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, Naples. ...
Population control is the practice of limiting population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate. ...
Siwa may refer to: The Siwa Oasis in Egypt 140 Siwa, an asteroid Siwa is a Slavic goddess of fertility. ...
Map showing Melanesia. ...
The Romans -
In Roman times, pederasty largely lost its status as a ritual part of education — a process already begun by the increasingly sophisticated and cosmopolitan Greeks — and was instead seen as an activity primarily driven by one's sexual desires and competing with desire for women. The social acceptance of pederastic relations waxed and waned during the centuries. Conservative thinkers condemned it — along with other forms of indulgence. Tacitus attacks the Greek customs of "gymnasia et otia et turpes amores" (palaestrae, idleness, and shameful loves).[28] The emperors, however, indulged in male love — most of it of a pederastic nature — almost to a man. As Edward Gibbon mentions, of the first fifteen emperors, "Claudius was the only one whose taste in love was entirely correct" — the implication being that he was the only one not to take men or boys as lovers.[29] The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ...
Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ...
For other uses, see Tacitus (disambiguation). ...
Pompeii palaestra seen from the top of the stadium wall. ...
Edward Gibbon (1737–1794). ...
For other persons named Claudius, see Claudius (disambiguation). ...
Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ...
Lucius Cornelius Sulla, acknowledged Metrobius, a Roman tragic actor of Greek birth, as his lover in his final speech to the Roman Senate, much to the dismay of the audience. Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX)[1] (ca. ...
Metrobius (lived 1st century BC) was a Roman tragic actor of Greek birth, widely known in his time. ...
Widely known in his time, Metrobius (lived 1st century BC) was a Roman tragic actor of Greek birth. He gave up the stage to accompany the former dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla into retirement in the year 79 BC. After Sulla's death, Metrobius disappears from the sources. (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero. ...
Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ...
For other uses, see Actor (disambiguation). ...
Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law Dictator was a political office of the Roman Republic. ...
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX)[1] (ca. ...
Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC - 70s BC - 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC Years: 84 BC 83 BC 82 BC 81 BC 80 BC - 79 BC - 78 BC 77 BC 76...
Other writers spent no effort censuring pederasty per se, but praised or blamed its various aspects. Martial appears to have favored it, going as far as to essentialize not the sexual use of the catamite but his nature as a boy: upon being discovered by his wife "inside a boy" and offered the "same thing" by her, he retorts with a list of mythological personages who, despite being married, took young male lovers, and concludes by rejecting her offer since "a woman merely has two vaginas."[30] Among the Romans, pederasty reached its last zenith during the time of hellenophile emperor Hadrian. A man whose passion for boys paralleled that of his predecessor, Trajan, he fell in love with Antinous, a young teenage Greek, and had his eromenos deified upon the latter's premature death. Marcus Valerius Martialis, known in English as Martial, was a Latin poet from Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. ...
A catamite is a (very much)(usually male)younger person who searches out an older person for sexual and interpersonal relations. ...
Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 –– July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was emperor of Rome from 117 A.D. to 138 A.D., as well as a Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. ...
This article is about the Roman Emperor. ...
Antinous or Antinoös (Greek: ) born circa 110 or 111 CE, died 130 CE), was the lover of the Roman Emperor Hadrian Bust of Antinous in the Palazzo Altemps museum in Rome // He was born to a Greek family in Bithynion-Claudiopolis, in the Roman province of Bithynia in what...
In the pederastic tradition of Classical Athens, the eromenos (Greek á¼Ïόμενος, pl. ...
Christianity The rise of Christianity led to the suppression of pederasty by the Byzantine emperors, as it was one of the mainstays of a classical pagan culture which the church fathers identified as in conflict with Biblical teaching. Such teaching includes references to the Old Testament, in which Leviticus decreed the pain of death for a number of sexual improprieties including carnal relations between men, as well as the New Testament teachings of Paul. Even speech about pederasty was suppressed: "Conversation about deeds of wickedness is appropriately termed filthy [shameful] speaking, as talk about adultery and pederasty and the like," and was to be "put to silence."[31] Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is...
This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ...
Pagan and heathen redirect here. ...
The Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ...
Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh to refer to its canon, which corresponds to the Protestant Old Testament. ...
Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ...
However, an episode (Matthew 8:5-13 and Luke 7:1-10) in the Gospels, which recounts the healing of a "beloved slave," (it is this translation that leads to this argument, alternatives are "dear" or "valuable") has been interpreted by some as supportive of male love. The centurion's servant healed by Jesus is construed to have been his beloved, and this narrative "as Jesus' acceptance of, and even collaboration in a pederastic relationship," according to T. W. Jennings, professor of biblical and constructive theology at Chicago Theological Seminary.[32] In contrast, other Biblical scholars do not view Jesus' healing of the centurion's servant as implicit approval for the Roman's treatment of his servant or any of his actions, especially his leadership of a force occupying Judea. The story was used to illustrate the soldier's faith and cannot be taken to mean that Jesus condoned the lifestyle of a pagan military officer. Chicago Theological Seminary is an ecumenical seminary of the United Church of Christ. ...
Other venues Pederasty in ancient times was not the exclusive domain of the Greeks and Romans. Athenaeus in the Deipnosophists states that the Celts also partook and despite the beauty of their women, preferred the love of boys. Some would regularly bed down on their animal skins with a lover on each side. Other writers also attest to Celtic pederasty: Aristotle (Politics, II 6.6. Athen. XIII 603a.), Strabo (iv. 199), and Diodorus Siculus (v. 32)). Some moderns have interpreted Athenaeus as meaning that the Celts had a boy on each side, but that interpretation is questioned by Hubbard, who reads it as meaning that they had a boy one side and a woman on the other. (Hubbard, 2003; p.79) Celts, normally pronounced // (see article on pronunciation), is widely used to refer to the members of any of the peoples in Europe using the Celtic languages or descended from those who did. ...
This article is about the philosopher. ...
Diodorus Siculus (c. ...
Persian pederasty and its origins was debated even in ancient times. Herodotus claimed they had learned it from the Greeks: "...and [the Persians'] luxurious practices are of all kinds, and all borrowed: the Greeks taught them pederasty."[33] However, Plutarch asserts that the Persians used eunuch boys "the Greek way" long before contact between the cultures.[34] In either case, Plato claimed they saw fit to forbid it to the inhabitants of the lands they occupied, since "It does not suit the rulers that their subjects should think noble thoughts, nor that they should form the strong friendships and attachments which these activities, and in particular love, tend to produce."[35] Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: HÄ“rodotos HalikarnÄsseus) was a Greek historian from Ionia who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ...
Mestrius Plutarchus (Greek: ΠλοÏταÏχος; 46 - 127), better known in English as Plutarch, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. ...
Post-classical and modern forms The record of pederastic practices, whether as a continuation of the Mediterranean traditions or as independent native traditions, as in China and Japan, expands greatly, due to the better preservation of more recent literary and historical materials. Before the 20th century, relationships with a more or less pederastic element were the usual pattern of male same-sex love. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...
The Middle East and Central Asia
 Bacchá dancing boy in Samarkand Traditionally, dancers and sex workers in Central Asia. (photo ca. 1905 - 1915) -
For a period starting in the 800s and ending in the mid 1800s, pederastic relationships, poetry, art and spirituality were a prominent and pervasive feature of Islamic culture from Moorish Spain to Northern India. The forms of this pederasty ranged from the chaste and spiritual adoration of beautiful youths at one extreme, to the violent and forcible use of unwilling boys at the other. While sodomy was considered a major sin, other aspects of same-sex relations were not, though they were problematized to various degrees at various times and places. Download high resolution version (1024x899, 135 KB)Dance of a bacha (dancing boy), Samarkand, ca 1905 - 1915, Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii (1863-1944) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the...
Download high resolution version (1024x899, 135 KB)Dance of a bacha (dancing boy), Samarkand, ca 1905 - 1915, Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii (1863-1944) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the...
Dance of a bacchá (dancing boy) Samarkand, (ca 1905 - 1915), photo S. M. Prokudin-Gorskii. ...
Samarkand (Tajik: Самарқанд, Persian: ‎ , Uzbek: , Russian: ), population 412,300 in 2005, is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. ...
Shah Abbas I and a page The dedication reads Tempera and gilt; Muhammad Qasim, 1627; Louvre, Paris For a generalized discussion of relations between men and boys see main article: Pederasty The practice of pederasty in the Middle East seems to have begun, according to surviving records, sometime during the...
Its seeming co-relation with the rise of Islam has been commented on by modern historians, who suggest that the protective attitude of Islam towards women, which removed them from public life, as well as the tendency of Islamic law to accommodate within the domain of "private behavior" activities that would take place regardless, as long as they do not interfere with public order.[36]
Literature and art reflected the fascination with love in general and beautiful boys in particular. The lover was conceived as martyr and hero. His desire, known as ishq, was glorified as mad, unreasonable, ecstatic, impossible to satisfy and leading even to death. An Arab proverb claims that "Ishq is a fire that burns down everything but the object of desire".[37] Ishq (Arabic: عشق) is an Arabic word which literally means love (with no lust). ...
The Mughal period saw strong pederastic influences in government, arts and literature. Poetry in ghazal form was a favorite means of such expression, produced by poets such as Mir Taqi Mir. The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...
This article is about the poetic form. ...
Mohammed Taqi (Urdu: Ù…Øمد تقی) (b. ...
In central Asia the practice is reputed to have long been widespread, and remains a part of the culture, as exemplified by the proverb, Women for breeding, boys for pleasure, but melons for sheer delight.[38] Though no longer widely practiced, boy marriages nevertheless still occur. In the aftermath of the US-Afghan war, western mainstream media have reported derisively on patterns of adult/adolescent male relationships, documented in Kandahar in Afghanistan. These reports however have been characterized as "privileging a political spin over more precise and informative writing", and as suffering from ethnocentric bias (Stephanie Skier, in queer.). This article is about the city in Afghanistan. ...
Besides relationships following the pederastic model, cases of sexual brutality by men against youths — in this instance as one aspect of the military use of children — have also been documented. In the northern, Turkic-speaking areas, one manifestation of the pederastic tradition was the entertainers known as bacchá (a Turkik Uzbeki term etymologically related to the Persian bachcheh, "boy" or "child", sometimes with the connotation of "catamite"). Boy prostitution was also widely reported in Karachi, leading General Sir Charles Napier to attempt in 1845 to have them closed down, worried about the "corrupting" effect on his troops. His attempt was foiled by the local amirs, who had a vested interest in keeping the institutions open. The practice was noted as late as 1932, when League of Nations investigators reported that a number of young Indian boys were engaged in homosexual prostitution, many of them suffering from venereal disease. [39] A Chinese Nationalist soldier, age 10, member of a Chinese division boarding planes in Myitkyina (Burma) bound for China, May 1944. ...
Dance of a bacchá (dancing boy) Samarkand, (ca 1905 - 1915), photo S. M. Prokudin-Gorskii. ...
Anthem National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan Capital (and largest city) Tashkent Official languages Uzbek Demonym Uzbek Government Republic - President Islom Karimov - Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev Independence from the Soviet Union - Formation 17471 - Declared September 1, 1991 - Recognized December 8, 1991 - Completed December 25, 1991 Area - Total 447,400...
“Farsi†redirects here. ...
General Sir Charles James Napier General Sir Charles James Napier GCB (August 10, 1782 – August 29, 1853) was a British general and Commander-in-Chief in India. ...
The League of Nations was an international organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919–1920. ...
The construction of same-sex love in the Middle East has been influenced by its history and geography. Hellenistic elements can be recognized in the use of the wine boy as a symbol of homoerotic passion. Further, in pre-modern Islam there was a "widespread conviction that beardless youths possessed a temptation to adult men as a whole, and not merely to a small minority of deviants."[40] With the advent of Islam, homosexuality and its practices were condemned as an immoral act and a sin against God. A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...
The term Hellenistic (derived from Héllēn, the Greeks traditional self-described ethnic name) was established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen to refer to the spreading of Greek culture over the non-Greek people that were conquered by Alexander the Great. ...
For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...
Islamic jurisprudence generally considers that attraction towards beautiful youths is normal and natural. In order for any sexual act to be a punishable offense four witnesses were required.
 Youth conversing with suitors Miniature illustration from the Haft Awrang of Jami, in the story A Father Advises his Son About Love. Freer and Sackler Galleries, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. The manifestations of pederastic attraction vary. At one extreme they are indeed of a chaste nature, incorporated into Islamic mysticism. (see Sufism) Conservative Islamic theologians condemned the custom of contemplating the beauty of young boys. Their suspicions may have been justified, as some dervishes boasted of enjoying far more than "glances", or even kisses. Despite opposition from the clerics, the practice has survived in Islamic countries until only recent years, according to Murray and Roscoe. See References section below Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Illustration from Jamis Rose Garden of the Pious, dated 1553. ...
The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ...
Sufism is a mystic tradition within Islam that encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ...
For other uses, see Dervish (disambiguation). ...
Pederasty or paederasty (literally boy-love, see Etymology below) refers to an intimate or erotic relationship between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family. ...
In post-Islamic Persia, where, as Louis Crompton claims, "boy love flourished spectacularly", art and literature also made frequent use of the pederastic topos. These celebrate the love of the wine boy, as do the paintings and drawings of artists such as Reza Abbasi (1565 – 1635). Western travelers reported that at Abbas' court (some time between 1627 and 1629) they saw evidence of homoerotic practices. Male houses of prostitution amrad khaneh, "houses of the beardless", were legally recognized and paid taxes.[41] Reza Abbasi, in full Aqa Reza Reza-e abbasi, sometimes known as Reza (1565 - 1635) was the most renowned Persian painter and calligrapher of the Isfahan school, which flourished during the Safavid period under the patronage of Shah Abbas I. Princely Youth and Dervish by Reza Abbasi, ca. ...
// Events March 1 - the city of Rio de Janeiro is founded. ...
Events February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. ...
Events A Dutch ship makes the first recorded sighting of the coast of South Australia. ...
Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ...
In the Ottoman empire, same-sex relations between men and youths were often of a mercantile nature. The sex workers involved were either entertainers such as the köçeks or masseurs in the
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