A Poet Laureate is a poet officially appointed by a government and often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events. The plural form is poets laureate. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... Look up plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In England, the term has for centuries been the title of the official poet of the monarch, appointed for life since the time of Charles II. Poets laureate are appointed by many countries. In Britain there is also a Children's Laureate. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Monarch (disambiguation). ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... Childrens Laureate is an award made in the UK once every two years to a distinguished writer or illustrator of childrens books. ...

Origin of the term

The laurel, in ancient Greece, was sacred to Apollo, and as such was used to form a crown or wreath of honour for poets and heroes; and this usage has been widespread. The word laureate or laureated thus came in English to signify eminent, or associated with glory. Laureate letters were once the despatches announcing a victory. The term laureate became associated with degrees awarded by European universities. The name baccalaureate for the university degree of bachelor involves this idea. Laurel may refer to: // Lauraceae, the botanical laurel family, including Bay laurel Laurus nobilis, the original true laurel that is the source of bay leaves used as a seasoning California Laurel Umbellularia californica is a related tree or large shrub True Cinnamon or Ceylon Cinnamon Cinnamomum verum, the inner bark... A baccalaureate is an educational qualification. ...

A royal degree in rhetoric, poet laureate was awarded at European universities in the Middle Ages. The term might also refer to the holder of such a degree, which recognised skill in areas of rhetoric, grammar and language. This might be the academic equivalent of a modern day doctorate of poetry. Rhetoric (from Greek , rhêtôr, orator, teacher) is generally understood to be the art or technique of persuasion through the use of spoken language; however, this definition of rhetoric has expanded greatly since rhetoric emerged as a field of study in universities. ...

According to Gibbon, Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca, 1304–74) of Rome, perhaps best known for his sonnets to the fair-haired, blue-eyed Laura, took the title poet laureate in 1341. Edward Gibbon (1737–1794). ... From the c. ... Events The Queens College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is founded. ...

Medieval English kings included versifiers and minstrels in their retinues, and lent their patronage to poets such as Chaucer and Spenser. Academic institutions honoured some such men with the poet laureate degree. Geoffrey Chaucer (c. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

History

From the more general use of the term "poet laureate" arose its restriction in England an official office of Poet Laureate, the poet attached to the royal household. James I essentially created the position as it is known today for Ben Jonson in 1617, although Jonson's appointment does not seem to have been formally made. The office was really a development of the practice of earlier times, when minstrels and versifiers formed part of the King's retinue. Richard Coeur de Lion had a versificator Regis (King's Poet), Gulielmus Peregrinus, and Henry III had a versificator (Master Henry). In the 15th century, John Kay, also a "versifier", described himself as Edward IV's "humble poet laureate." The crown had shown its patronage in various ways; Chaucer had been given a pension and a perquisite of wine by Edward III, and Spenser a pension by Queen Elizabeth I. James Stuart (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old. ... For other persons of the same name, see Ben Johnson (disambiguation). ... Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 to 6 April 1199. ... Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John Lackland as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. ... Edward IV (April 28, 1442 – April 9, 1483) was King of England from March 4, 1461 to April 9, 1483, with a break of a few months in the period 1470–1471. ... This article is about the King of England. ... This article is about Elizabeth I of England. ...

No single authentic definitive record exists of the office of Poet Laureate of England. According to Wharton, Henry I paid 10 shillings a year to a Versificator Regis. Geoffrey Chaucer 1340–1400 was called Poet Laureate, being granted in 1389 an annual allowance of wine. W. Hamilton classes Chaucer, Gower, Kay, Andrew Bernard, Skelton, Robert Whittington, Richard Edwards, Spenser and Samuel Daniel, as "volunteer Laureates". For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Henry I (circa 1068 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and the first born in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. ... Geoffrey Chaucer (c. ... Chaucer: Illustration from Cassells History of England, circa 1902 Chanticleer the rooster from an outdoor production of Chanticleer and the Fox at Ashby_de_la_Zouch castle Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. ... John Skelton (c. ...

John Skelton studied at Oxford University in the early 1480s, and was advanced to the degree of "poet laureate" in 1488. The title of laureate was also conferred on him by the University of Louvain in 1492, and by Cambridge University in 1492–3. He soon became famous for rhetoric, satire and translations. In 1488 Skelton joined the court of Henry VII, tutored Henry VIII and was the official royal poet for most of the next 40 years. He was held in high esteem: "But I pray mayster John Skelton, late created poete laureate in the unyversite of Oxenforde, to oversee and correct this sayd booke" — Caxton in the preface to The Boke of Eneydos compyled by Vargyle 1490. John Skelton (c. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... The Catholic University of Leuven, founded in 1425, is now the names of two Belgian universities, after the original university split in 1968: the Dutch-speaking Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and the French-speaking Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium This is a disambiguation page — a... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 – April 21, 1509), was the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty. ... “Henry VIII” redirects here. ...

The title of poet laureate was first conferred by letters patent on John Dryden in 1670, two years after Davenant's death. The post then became a regular institution; Dryden's successor Shadwell originated annual birthday and New Year odes. The poet laureate became traditionally responsible to write and present official poetry to commemorate occasions both personal, such as the monarch's birthday and royal births and marriages, and public, such as coronations and military victories. His activity in this respect has varied, according to circumstances, and the custom ceased to be obligatory after Pye's death. The office fell into some contempt before Southey, but took on a new lustre from his personal distinction and that of Wordsworth and Tennyson. Wordsworth stipulated, before accepting the honour, that no formal effusions from him should be considered a necessity; but Tennyson was generally happy in his numerous poems of this class. John Dryden John Dryden (August 19 {August 9 O.S.}, 1631 - May 12 {May 1 O.S.}, 1700) was an influential English poet, literary critic, translator and playwright, who dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles... Wordsworth, an underground hip hop MC from Brooklyn. ... Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and is one of the most popular English poets. ... Wordsworth, an underground hip hop MC from Brooklyn. ... Tennyson may refer to: A placename: In Australia: Tennyson, Queensland Tennyson railway station, Brisbane Tennyson, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney Tennyson Point, New South Wales a suburb of Sydney Tennyson, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide Tennyson, Victoria In the United States of America: Tennyson, Wisconsin Tennyson, Indiana...

On Tennyson's death there was a considerable feeling that no possible successor was acceptable, William Morris and Swinburne being hardly suitable as court poets. Eventually, however, the undesirability of breaking with tradition for temporary reasons, and thus severing the one official link between literature and the state, prevailed over the protests against allowing anyone of inferior genius to follow Tennyson. It may be noted that abolition had been similarly advocated when Warton and Wordsworth died. Edward Gibbon had condemned the position's artificial approach to poetry: William Morris, socialist and innovator in the Arts and Crafts movement William Morris (March 24, 1834 – October 3, 1896) was an English artist, writer, socialist and activist. ... Algernon Swinburne, Portrait by Rossetti Algernon Charles Swinburne (April 5, 1837 – April 10, 1909) was a Victorian era English poet. ... Wordsworth, an underground hip hop MC from Brooklyn. ... Edward Gibbon (1737–1794). ...

From Augustus to Louis, the muse has too often been false and venal: but I much doubt whether any age or court can produce a similar establishment of a stipendiary poet, who in every reign, and at all events, is bound to furnish twice a year a measure of praise and verse, such as may be sung in the chapel, and, I believe, in the presence, of the sovereign. I speak the more freely, as the best time for abolishing this ridiculous custom is while the prince is a man of virtue and the poet a man of genius.

— Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Chapter LXX (footnote)

The salary has varied, but traditionally includes some alcohol. Ben Jonson first received a pension of 100 marks, and later an annual "terse of Canary wine". Dryden had a pension of £300 and a butt of Canary wine. Pye received £27 instead of the wine. Tennyson drew £72 a year from the Lord Chamberlain's department, and £27 from the Lord Steward's "in lieu of the butt of sack". The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, a major literary achievement of Eighteenth Century, was written by the British historian, Edward Gibbon. ... For other persons of the same name, see Ben Johnson (disambiguation). ... Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and is one of the most popular English poets. ... The Lord Chamberlain or Lord Chamberlain of the Household is one of the chief officers of the Royal Household in the United Kingdom, and is to be distinguished from the Lord Great Chamberlain, one of the Great Officers of State. ...

List of Poets Laureate of England

Mediæval

• Gulielmus Peregrinus employed by Richard Coeur de Lion
• Master Henry was Versificator Regis, or King's Poet employed by Henry III (according to Thomas Warton)
• Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400)
• John Kay in the reign of Edward IV, 1461–83

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 to 6 April 1199. ... Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John Lackland as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. ... Thomas Warton, the Younger Thomas Warton (January 9, 1728 – May 21, 1790) was an English literary historian and critic, as well as a poet. ... Geoffrey Chaucer (c. ... Events Magnus II of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. ... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births December 25 - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of... Edward IV (April 28, 1442 – April 9, 1483) was King of England from March 4, 1461 to April 9, 1483, with a break of a few months in the period 1470–1471. ... Events February 2 - Battle of Mortimers Cross - Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of York defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor and his son Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke in Wales. ... Events The São Tomé settlement is founded. ...

Tudor

• Bernard Andre of Toulouse (1450–1522), author of Vita regis Henrici Septimi called himself Poet Laureate under Henry VII
• John Skelton was the Poet Laureate under Henry VIII
• Edmund Spenser died in 1599

Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 – April 21, 1509), was the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty. ... John Skelton (c. ... “Henry VIII” redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1599 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Stuart

After Spenser's death, the office was awarded on a more regular basis. Once chosen, poets laureate would serve for life. They received an annual pension, and were expected to write poetry for formal occasions.

• 1599 Samuel Daniel
• 1619 Ben Jonson
• 1637 Sir William Davenant (a godson of William Shakespeare)

Samuel Daniel (1562 – October 14, 1619) was an English poet and historian. ... For other persons of the same name, see Ben Johnson (disambiguation). ... William Davenant Sir William Davenant (February 28, 1606 - April 7, 1668), also spelled DAvenant, was an English poet and playwright. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Appointed by letters patent

• 1670: John Dryden
• 1688: Thomas Shadwell
• 1692: Nahum Tate
• 1715: Nicholas Rowe
• 1718: Reverend Laurence Eusden
• 1730: Colley Cibber
• 1757: William Whitehead, on the refusal of Thomas Gray
• 1785: Reverend Thomas Warton, on the refusal of William Mason
• 1790: Henry James Pye
• 1813: Robert Southey, on the refusal of Sir Walter Scott
• 1843: William Wordsworth
• 1850: Alfred, Lord Tennyson, on the refusal of Samuel Russell
  

  Betjeman's City home
• 1896: Alfred Austin, on the refusal of William Morris
• 1913: Robert Bridges
• 1930: John Masefield, OM
• 1967: Cecil Day-Lewis, CBE
• 1972: Sir John Betjeman, CBE
• 1984: Ted Hughes, OM, on the refusal of Philip Larkin
• 1999: Andrew Motion

John Dryden John Dryden (August 19 {August 9 O.S.}, 1631 - May 12 {May 1 O.S.}, 1700) was an influential English poet, literary critic, translator and playwright, who dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles... // Thomas Shadwell made British Poet Laureate John Dryden, Britannia Rediviva May 21 — Alexander Pope (died 1744), English poet Laurence Eusden Leonard Welsted John Bunyan Thomas Flatman Poetry List of years in poetry Categories: | | ... Thomas Shadwell Thomas Shadwell (c. ... Categories: | | ... Cover of Tates version of King Lear Nahum Tate (1652 – 1715) was an Irish Protestant poet, hymnist and lyricist, who became Poet Laureate in 1692. ... // Nicholas Rowe made British Poet Laureate Alexander Pope, translator of Homers Iliad, Book I, followed by Books II in 1716, III in 1717, IV in 1718, and V-VI in 1720. ... Nicholas Rowe Guilt is the source of sorrow, tis the fiend, Th avenging fiend, that follows us behind, With whips and stings Nicholas Rowe (1674 – 1718), English dramatist, poet and miscellaneous writer, was selected Poet Laureate in 1715. ... // Laurence Euston made British Poet Laureate Alexander Pope, translator, Homers Iliad, Book IV this year, preceded by Book I in 1715, Book II in 1716, Book III in 1717 and to be followed by Books V-VI in 1720. ... Laurence Eusden (1688 - 1730) was an English poet. ... // Colley Cibber made British Poet Laureate Stephen Duck, Poems Aaron Hill, The Progress of Wit James Thomson, The Seasons, including Autumn Oliver Goldsmith (?) January 9 — John Scott of Amwell (died 1783), English Quaker poet and friend of Samuel Johnson September 27 — Laurence Eusden, English Poet Laureate (b. ... Colley Cibber, actor, playwright, Poet Laureate, first British actor-manager, and head Dunce of Alexander Popes Dunciad. ... // William Whitehead made British Poet Laureate after Thomas Gray refuses it Thomas Warton appointed Professor of Poetry at Oxford Mark Akenside, The Pleasures of the Imagination, revised version of a long didactic poem originally published in 1744 Edmund Burke, Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime... William Whitehead (1715 - 1785) was an English poet and playwright. ... Thomas Gray Thomas Gray (December 26, 1716 – July 30, 1771), was an English poet, classical scholar and professor of history at Cambridge University. ... // Reverend Thomas Warton becomes Poet Laureate after the refusal of William Mason William Cowper, The Task, in 6 Books Lady Caroline Lamb Thomas Love Peacock John Pierpont (US) Samuel Woodworth (US) Richard Glover Henry Taylor William Whitehead Poetry Categories: | | ... Thomas Warton, the Younger Thomas Warton (January 9, 1728 – May 21, 1790) was an English literary historian and critic, as well as a poet. ... William Mason (1725 – 1797) was an English poet, editor and gardener. ... // Henry James Pye became Poet Laureate William Blake - The Marriage of Heaven and Hell Robert Burns - Tam o Shanter January 1 - James Wills, English October 21 - Alphonse de Lamartine, French July 8 — Fitz-Greene Halleck, American May 21 - Thomas Warton, English Date unknown: Andrew Macdonald (poet) Poetry List of years... Henry James Pye Henry James Pye (February 20, 1745 – August 11, 1813) was an English poet. ... // Robert Southey becomes Poet Laureate after Sir Walter Scotts refusal April 20 — Lord Byron and Thomas Moore visit Leigh Hunt in the Surrey Gaol. ... Robert Southey, English poet Robert Southey (August 12, 1774 – March 21, 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, one of the so-called Lake Poets, and Poet Laureate. ... Raeburns portrait of Sir Walter Scott in 1822. ... // William Wordsworth becomes Poet Laureate (UK) Thomas Hoods The Song of the Shirt (Punch) Richard Henry Hornes Orion Alfred Tennyson Morte dArthur May 3 - Edward Dowden (d 1913) December 21 - Thomas Bracken (d 1898) Date unknown: Charles Montagu Doughty Violet Fane(also known as Mary Montgomerie Lamb... William Wordsworth (April 7, 1770 – April 23, 1850) was a major English romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads. ... // Alfred, Lord Tennyson becomes Poet Laureate Sir Richard Burton, translator, The Arabian Nights Henrik Ibsen, The Burial Mound Thomas Lovell Beddoes, Deaths Jest-book (posthumous) Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Sonnets from the Portuguese Robert Browning, Christmas Eve and Easter Day Leigh Hunt, Autobiography in three volumes Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The... Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (August 6, 1809 - October 6, 1892) is generally regarded as one of the greatest English poets. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 3072 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 3072 pixel, file size: 2. ... Motto: Domine dirige nos Latin: Lord, guide us Shown within Greater London Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region Greater London Status sui generis, City and Ceremonial County Admin HQ Guildhall Government  - Leadership see text  - Mayor John Stuttard  - MP Mark Field  - London Assembly John Biggs Area  - City  1. ... // William Morris publishes the Kelmscott Press edition of Chaucers works Alfred Austin made Poet Laureate Ernest Christopher Dowson, Verses, including Non Sum Qualis Eram A. E. Housman, A Shropshire Lad Andrew Barton (`Banjo) Paterson, The Man from Snowy River February 26 — Andrei Zhdanov (died 1948, a Soviet official who... Alfred Austin Alfred Austin (May 3, 1835 – 1913) was an English poet, who was appointed Poet Laureate in 1896 upon the death of Tennyson. ... William Morris, socialist and innovator in the Arts and Crafts movement William Morris (March 24, 1834 – October 3, 1896) was an English artist, writer, socialist and activist. ... // Ezra Pound in 1913 Harold Monro founds the Poetry Bookshop in London Ezra Pound travels to London to meet William Butler Yeats, whom he considered the only poet worthy of serious study; from that year until 1916, the two men wintered in the Stone Cottage at Ashdown Forest, with Pound... Bridges on the cover of Time in 1929 Robert Seymour Bridges, OM, (October 23, 1844 – April 21, 1930) was an English poet, holder of the honour of poet laureate from 1913. ... // Frost Medal inaugurated by the Poetry Society of America John Masefield becomes Poet Laureate T.S. Eliot - Ash Wednesday W. H. Auden, Poems, his first published book (accepted by T.S. Eliot on behalf of Faber & Faber, which remained Audens publisher for the rest of his life) Samuel Beckett... John Edward Masefield, OM, (1 June 1878 – 12 May 1967), was an English poet and writer, and Poet Laureate from 1930 until his death in 1967. ... The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. ... // Cecil Day-Lewis is selected as the new Poet Laureate of the UK. Margaret Atwood, The Circle Game Ted Hughes, Wodwo Wole Soyinka, Idanre, and Other Poems See 1967 Governor Generals Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards. ... Cecil Day-Lewis (or Day Lewis) CBE (27 April 1904 – 22 May 1972) was a British poet, the British Poet Laureate from 1967 to 1972, and, under the pseudonym of Nicholas Blake, a mystery writer. ... The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander... // John Betjeman becomes Poet Laureate A.R. Ammons: Briefings: Poems Small and Easy Collected Poems: 1951-1971, winner of the National Book Award in 1973 John Ashbery, Three Poems Ted Berrigan, Ron Padgett, and Tom Clark, Back In Boston Again John Berryman, (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux) Elizabeth Bishop and... A collection of Betjemans poetry, published by John Murray in January 2006 Sir John Betjeman CBE (28 August 1906 – 19 May 1984) was an English poet, writer and broadcaster who described himself in Whos Who as a poet and hack. He was born to a middle-class family... The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander... // December 19 - Philip Larkin turns down the British Poet Laureateship, and Ted Hughes becomes Poet Laureate. ... 1 Aspinall Street, Mytholmroyd, West Yorkshire, where Ted Hughes was born. ... The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. ... Philip Arthur Larkin, CH, CBE, FRSL, (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist and jazz critic. ... // July 1 — Scotlands Parliament opened with the singing of Robert Burns A Mans a Man For AThat, instead of God Save The Queen The Robert Fitzgerald Prosody Award is established at the Fifth Annual West Chester University Poetry Conference. ... Andrew Motion, FRSL, (born October 26, 1952) is an English poet, novelist and biographer who is the current Poet Laureate. ...

Poets Laureate in other countries

Other countries have implemented similar official positions to that of the Poet Laureate.

Scotland and Wales

The Scots Makar is the unpaid equivalent of a poet laureate to represent and promote poetry in Scotland. On 16 February 2004, Professor Edwin Morgan was named to the post. A makar in Scottish literature is a poet or bard, often attached to the royal court. ... This article is about the country. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Edwin Morgan (born April 27, 1920) is a Scottish poet and translator who is associated with the British Poetry Revival. ...

Wales has had a long tradition of poets and bards under royal patronage, with extant writing from mediæval royal poets and earlier. An office of National Poet for Wales was established in April 2005. The first holder, Gwyneth Lewis, was followed by Gwyn Thomas. Medieval Welsh literature is the medieval literature written in the Welsh language from before 1100 to the 16th century. ... The post of National Poet of Wales was established in May 2005 with financial support from the Arts Council of Wales. ... Gwyneth Lewis BA MA D.Phil (born 1959 in Cardiff) is a Welsh poet, and was the first National Poet for Wales. ... Bywyd Bach - the autobiography Professor Gwyn Thomas (born 1936 in Tanygrisiau, Gwynedd[1]), is a Welsh poet, academic and the present National Poet for Wales. ...

Italy and Poland

In the 13th century, Albertino Mussato, a proto-humanist, was crowned poet laureata in Padova, thanks to his tragedy 'Ecerinis'. Albertino Mussato (1261 - 31 May 1329) was an Italian statesman and writer. ...

In 1341, Petrarch was made poet laureate in Rome. // Petrarch becomes Poet Laureate in Rome. ... From the c. ...

Polish neolatin poets were appointed as poeti laureati by popes: Klemens Janicki (1540) and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (1623). New Latin (or Neo-Latin) is a post-medieval version of Latin, now used primarily in International Scientific Vocabulary cladistics and systematics. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Pope (from Latin... Poeta Laureatus Klemens Janicki, Ianicius - 1516-1543, one of most outstanding Latin poets of XVI century. ... // Klemens Janicki is appointed poeta laureatus by the Pope Poetry Categories: | | ... Poeta Laureatus Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. ... // Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski is appointed poeta laureatus by the Pope Poetry Categories: | | ...

Former Colonies

Other countries (such as South Africa) and organisations (such as the United Nations) have been keen to follow this lead. Australia, even though originally a British colony, has never embraced the title. The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ...

U.S.A. and Canada

The United States Library of Congress has since 1937 appointed an official Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress. An act of Congress changed the name of the position in 1985 to Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress. As of 2007, the U.S. Poet Laureate is Charles Simic. Previous U.S. Poets Laureate have included Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Frost, Karl Shapiro, Robert Penn Warren, Joseph Brodsky, Stanley Kunitz, and Donald Hall among others. The Library of Congress is the de facto national library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress. ... The Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress is appointed by the United States Librarian of Congress and earns a stipend of $35,000 a year. ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Charles Simic (born Dušan Simić, May 9, 1938 in Belgrade, Serbia) is a Serbian-American poet and the 15th Poet Laureate of the United States. ... Elizabeth Bishop (February 8, 1911 – October 6, 1979), was an American poet and writer. ... Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963) was an American poet. ... Karl Jay Shapiro (November 10, 1913-May 14, 2000) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning United States poet, famous for his poetry written in the Pacific Theater while he served there during World War II. His collection V-Letter and Other Poems, written while Shapiro was stationed in New Guinea, was... Robert Penn Warren Robert Penn Warren (April 24, 1905 – September 15, 1989) was an American poet, novelist, and literary critic, and was one of the founders of The New Criticism. ... Bookcover of Works and Days in Russian Joseph Brodsky (May 24, 1940 – January 28, 1996), born Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky (Russian: ) was a Russian-born poet and essayist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature (1987) and was chosen Poet Laureate of the United States (1991-1992). ... Stanley Jasspon Kunitz (born July 29, 1905) is a noted American poet who served two years (1974–1976) as the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (a precursor to the modern Poet Laureate program), and served another year as United States Poet Laureate in 2000. ... Donald Hall (born September 20, 1928) is an American poet and the U.S. Poet Laureate. ...

The Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate is appointed as an officer of the Library of Parliament. Candidates must be able to write in either English or French, must have a substantial publication history (including poetry) displaying literary excellence and must have written work reflecting Canada, among other criteria. The first ever Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate was awarded to George Bowering in 2002. ... The exterior of the Library has changed little since this 1877 drawing. ...

Many U.S. states also have official Poets Laureate. The fashion has also spread to some cities. Most holders of the title reach eminence by public competition; some have also inspired controversy by what they do in office and, as in the case of Amiri Baraka, have sometimes been removed. Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the... Many US states have posts occupied by prominent poets and entitled Poet Laureate of . ... Amiri Baraka was born Everett LeRoi Jones on October 7, 1934 in Newark, New Jersey. ...

Others

Kannadasan was the poet laureate of Tamil Nadu at the time of his death. Kaviyarasu Kannadasan Kannadasan (24 June 1927 – 17 October 1981) was a famous Tamil poet and lyricist, who lived in Tamil Nadu, India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...

William Auld is sometimes considered the poet laureate of Esperantujo. William Auld (born 1924) is a Scottish author and the deputy director of a grammar school. ... Esperantujo, also Esperantio, is a term used by speakers of the planned international language Esperanto to refer to the sphere of activity taking place in that language. ...

Hanns Johst was poet leaureate of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. Hanns Johst (July 8, 1890 - November 23, 1978) was a German playwright and Nazi Poet Laureate. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Some critics use the term poet laureate as an honorific for certain writers. Allen Ginsberg has been referred to as beat's poet laureate, and Patti Smith has been dubbed punk rock's poet laureate. Irwin Allen Ginsberg (IPA: ) (June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet. ... The term beat generation was introduced by Jack Kerouac in approximately 1948 to describe his social circle to the novelist John Clellon Holmes (who published an early novel about the beat generation, titled Go, in 1952, along with a manifesto of sorts in the New York Times Magazine: This is... Patricia Lee (Patti) Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American musician, singer, and poet. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ...

External links

• Poet Laureate of Canada
• Poet Laureate of the United Nations
• Poets Laureate of South Africa
• List of U.S. Poets Laureate
• Poet Laureate for San Francisco (official site, Library of Congress)