NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Political status of Taiwan

The controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan hinges on whether Taiwan, including the Pescadores (Penghu), should remain the effective territory of the Republic of China (ROC), become unified with the territories now governed by the People's Republic of China (PRC), or become the Republic of Taiwan. The controversy over the political status of the Republic of China hinges on whether its existence as a state is legitimate and recognized. Download high resolution version (681x800, 206 KB)Clean up from Image:Taiwan Straits. ... Download high resolution version (681x800, 206 KB)Clean up from Image:Taiwan Straits. ... Taiwan Strait Area The Taiwan Strait or Formosa Strait is a 180km-wide Strait between mainland China and the island of Taiwan. ... The Pescadores (Traditional Chinese: æ¾Žæ¹–ç¾¤å³¶; Hanyu Pinyin: PÃ©nghÃº QÃºndÄƒo; Tongyong Pinyin: PÃ©nghÃº CyÃºndÄƒo; Wade-Giles: Peng-Hu ChÃ¼n-Tao; Taiwanese POJ: PhÃªâ¿-Ã´Â·-kÅan, from Portuguese, fishermen, pron. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Chinese (re)unification (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a goal of Chinese nationalism that refers to the reunification of all of Greater China under a single political entity. ... A flag for the proposed independent Taiwan designed in the mid-1990s. ... This article discusses states as sovereign political entities. ...

Currently, Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen (Quemoy), Matsu and some other minor islands effectively make up the jurisdiction of the state known as the Republic of China. The ROC ruled mainland China, and claimed sovereignty over Outer Mongolia and Tannu Uriankhai (part of which is present day Tuva) before losing the Chinese Civil War and relocation of its government to Taipei in December 1949. Kinmen (Traditional Chinese: é‡‘é–€; Hanyu Pinyin: JÄ«nmÃ©n; Tongyong Pinyin: JinmÃ©n; Wade-Giles: Chin-men; POJ: Kim-mnÌ‚g; also romanized Quemoy from Southern Min (in early Spanish romanization); literally Golden Door or Golden Gate), located at 24. ... The Matsu Islands (Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County (é€£æ±Ÿ Pinyin: LiÃ¡njiÄng), Fukien Province of the Republic of China (ROC, now based on Taiwan). ... This article discusses states as sovereign political entities. ... ... Outer Mongolia makes up Mongolia (presently a sovereign state) and Tannu Uriankhai (the majority of which is the modern-day Tuva Republic, a federal subject of the Russian Federation), while Inner Mongolia (å†…è’™å¤; NÃ¨i MÄ›nggÇ”) is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tuva or Tyva (Russian: Республика Тыва [Тува], Respublika Tyva [Tuva]) (pop. ... Tyva Republic IPA: (Russian: IPA: ; Tuvan: ), or Tuva (), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War...

Since the ROC lost its United Nations seat in 1971 (replaced by the PRC), most sovereign states have switched their diplomatic recognition to the PRC, recognizing or acknowledging the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China. As of June 2007, the ROC maintains official diplomatic relations with 24 sovereign states,^[1] although de facto relations are maintained with nearly all others. Agencies such as the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office and American Institute in Taiwan operate as de facto embassies with ambiguous diplomatic status. Chinas seat in the United Nations has been occupied by the Peoples Republic of China since October 25, 1971. ... United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, adopted on October 25, 1971, replaced the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) (ROC) with the Communist Peoples Republic of China (PRC) as the sole representative of China in the United Nations. ... A Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO), sometimes known as a Taipei Representative Office, is a representative office , established by the Republic of China on Taiwan, in countries that have diplomatic relations, with the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... The American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) serves as the de facto embassy of the United States in Taiwan. ...

The ROC government has in the past considered itself to be the sole legitimate government over China, as well as its former territories. This position started to be largely ignored in the early 1990s, changing to one that does not challenge the legitimacy of PRC rule over mainland China. However, the ROC's claims have never been renounced through a constitutional amendment; both the PRC and the ROC carry out cross-strait relations through specialized agencies (such as the Mainland Affairs Council of the ROC), rather than through foreign ministries. Different groups have different concepts of what the current formal political situation of Taiwan is. (See also: Taiwan independence, Chinese reunification, and Cross-Strait relations) For the band, see 1990s (band). ... The Mainland Affairs Council (MAC; Chinese: å¤§é™¸å§”å“¡æœƒ; pinyin: DÃ lÃ¹ WÄ›iyuÃ¡nhuÃ¬) is a cabinet-level administrative agency under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. ... Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n ToÌk-liÌp Å«n-tÅng; abbreviated to å°ç¨, TÃ¡idÃº, TÃ¢i-toÌk) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the... Chinese (re)unification (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a goal of Chinese nationalism that refers to the reunification of all of Greater China under a single political entity. ... Taiwan Strait Cross-Strait relations, or relations across the Taiwan Strait, deals with the complex relationship and interactions between the mainland nation of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) (which sits on the west of Taiwan Strait) and the island nation of the Republic of China (Taiwan), commonly known...

In addition, the situation can be confusing because of the different parties and the effort by many groups to deal with the controversy through a policy of deliberate ambiguity. The political solution that is accepted by many of the current groups is the following perspective of the status quo: that is, to unofficially treat Taiwan as a state and at a minimum, to officially declare no support for the government of this state making a formal declaration of independence. What a formal declaration of independence would consist of is not clear and can be confusing given the fact that the People's Republic of China has never controlled Taiwan since its founding and the fact that the Republic of China, whose government controls Taiwan, considers itself a de jure sovereign state. The status quo is accepted in large part because it does not define the legal status or future status of Taiwan, leaving each group to interpret the situation in a way that is politically acceptable to its members. At the same time, a policy of status quo has been criticized as being dangerous precisely because different sides have different interpretations of what the status quo is, leading to the possibility of war through brinkmanship or miscalculation. Many nations may find it to their advantage to maintain a policy of deliberate ambiguity (also known as a policy of strategic ambiguity). ... This article is about the English rock band. ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Background

Some claim that the Kingdom of Tungning, lasting from 1661 to 1683, was the first Han Chinese government to rule Taiwan. Many feel Chinese dynasties administered the island long before this. From 1683, the Qing Dynasty ruled Taiwan as a prefecture and in 1875 divided the island into two prefectures. In 1887 the island was made into a separate Chinese province to speed up development in this region. In the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War, Taiwan and the Pescadores were ceded by the Qing Dynasty to Japan in 1895. Japan surrendered it in 1945 at the end of World War II after 50 years of colonial rule, and Taiwan was returned to the Republic of China (ROC). The ROC would then claim sovereignty on the basis of the Qing dynasty's administration, Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Declaration, and Japanese Instrument of Surrender, but this became contested by pro-independence groups in subsequent years due to different perceptions of the said documents' legality. Taiwan's resources were used to supply the ROC in the Chinese Civil War ostensibly at the expense of the people living on Taiwan^{[citation needed]}. An explosion of anger/resentment of ROC rule occurred on February 27, 1947 which became known as the 228 incident. Martial law was declared by the ROC and the government functioned as a dictatorship until the lifting of martial law in 1987. Upon losing the Chinese civil war in 1949, the ROC government retreated to Taipei, and kept control over a few islands along the coast of mainland China and in the South China Sea. The People's Republic of China (PRC) was established on the mainland on October 1, 1949, claiming to be the successor to the ROC. This article discusses the history of Taiwan (including the Pescadores). ... The Kingdom of Tungning or Dongning (æ±å¯§çŽ‹åœ‹; pinyin: DÅngnÃng WÃ¡ngguÃ³ ) was the first Han Chinese state to exist on Taiwan, between 1661 and 1683. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Languages Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister - 1911 Yikuang - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History - Establishment of the Late... The term prefecture (from the Latin Praefectura) indicates the office, seat, territorial circonscription of a Prefect. ... For other province-level divisions, see Political divisions of China. ... Combatants Qing Empire (China) Empire of Japan Commanders Li Hongzhang Yamagata Aritomo Strength 630,000 men Beiyang Army Beiyang Fleet 240,000 men Imperial Japanese Army Imperial Japanese Navy Casualties 35,000 dead or wounded 13,823 dead, 3,973 wounded The First Sino-Japanese War (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese... The Pescadores (Traditional Chinese: æ¾Žæ¹–ç¾¤å³¶; Hanyu Pinyin: PÃ©nghÃº QÃºndÄƒo; Tongyong Pinyin: PÃ©nghÃº CyÃºndÄƒo; Wade-Giles: Peng-Hu ChÃ¼n-Tao; Taiwanese POJ: PhÃªâ¿-Ã´Â·-kÅan, from Portuguese, fishermen, pron. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... This article discusses the history of Taiwan (including the Pescadores). ... The Cairo Declaration was an statement released at Cairo, Egypt on December 1, 1943 by President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China. ... The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender (not to be confused with the Potsdam Agreement) was a statement issued on July 26, 1945 by Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the... Representatives of Japan stand aboard the USS Missouri prior to signing of the Instrument of Surrender. ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... The 228 Monument located near the Presidential Office in Taipei The 228 Incident (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Peh-Åe-jÄ«: JÄ«-jÄ«-pat sÅ«-kiÄâ¿) also known as the 228 Massacre (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) was an uprising in Taiwan that began on February 28, 1947 and was suppressed by the... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by a dictator. ... ... Filipino name Tagalog: Luzon Sea Portuguese name Portuguese: Mar da China Meridional Vietnamese name Vietnamese: The South China Sea is a marginal sea south of China. ... Succession of states is a concept in international politics regarding the acceptance by other states of a newly created states, based on a perceived historically relationship with a prior state. ...

Quemoy, Matsu and Wuchiu on the coast of Fukien, and Taiping and Pratas in the South China Sea, are part of the ROC's present territory, but were not ceded to Japan. Some arguments supporting the independence of Taiwan do not apply to these islands. Quemoy, Kinmen, or Chinmen (金門, pinyin: Jīnmén, POJ: Kim-mn̂g) (pop. ... The Matsu Islands (Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County (é€£æ±Ÿ Pinyin: LiÃ¡njiÄng), Fukien Province of the Republic of China (ROC, now based on Taiwan). ... The Taiwan Strait. ... (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiÃ n) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Taiping (Traditional Chinese: å¤ªå¹³å³¶), also known as Itu Aba, is the largest of the Nansha Islands (Spratly Islands) in the South China Sea. ... The Pratas Islands (or Dongsha Islands) are located in the middle of the South China Sea (see South China Sea Islands). ... Filipino name Tagalog: Luzon Sea Portuguese name Portuguese: Mar da China Meridional Vietnamese name Vietnamese: The South China Sea is a marginal sea south of China. ...

Question of sovereignty over Taiwan

The legal question of which legal entity holds de jure sovereignty over Taiwan is a controversial issue. ...

Cession, retrocession and self-determination of Taiwan

China, during the Qing Dynasty, ceded the island of Taiwan, including the Pescadores (Penghu), to Japan "in perpetuity" at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War by signing the Treaty of Shimonoseki. In the Cairo Conference of 1943, the allied powers agreed to have Japan restore "all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese", which included Taiwan and the Pescadores, to the Republic of China upon Japan's surrender. According to both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, this agreement was given legal force by the Instrument of Surrender of Japan in 1945. The PRC's UN Ambassador, Wang Yingfan (Chinese 王英凡), has stated multiple times in the UN general committee: "Taiwan is an inseparable part of China’s territory since antiquity" and "both the 1943 Cairo Declaration and the 1945 Potsdam Declaration have reaffirmed in unequivocal terms China’s sovereignty over Taiwan as a matter of international law." Download high resolution version (1516x1816, 636 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (1516x1816, 636 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender (not to be confused with the Potsdam Agreement) was a statement issued on July 26, 1945 by Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the... The ShunpanrÅ hall where the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed The Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese: ä¸‹é–¢æ¡ç´„, Shimonoseki JÅyaku), known as the Treaty of Maguan (T. Chinese: é¦¬é—œæ¢ç´„, S. Chinese: é©¬å…³æ¡çº¦;) in China, was signed at the ShunpanrÅ hall on April 17, 1895 between the Empire of Japan and the Qing Empire. ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister - 1911 Yikuang - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History - Establishment of the Late... The Pescadores (Traditional Chinese: æ¾Žæ¹–ç¾¤å³¶; Hanyu Pinyin: PÃ©nghÃº QÃºndÄƒo; Tongyong Pinyin: PÃ©nghÃº CyÃºndÄƒo; Wade-Giles: Peng-Hu ChÃ¼n-Tao; Taiwanese POJ: PhÃªâ¿-Ã´Â·-kÅan, from Portuguese, fishermen, pron. ... Japan and Qing China fought the First Sino-Japanese War (or the Qing-Japanese War) during 1894 and 1895, primarily over control of Korea. ... The ShunpanrÅ hall where the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed The Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese: ä¸‹é–¢æ¡ç´„, Shimonoseki JÅyaku), known as the Treaty of Maguan (T. Chinese: é¦¬é—œæ¢ç´„, S. Chinese: é©¬å…³æ¡çº¦;) in China, was signed at the ShunpanrÅ hall on April 17, 1895 between the Empire of Japan and the Qing Empire. ... Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met at the Cairo Conference in Cairo, 11/25/1943. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Representatives of Japan stand aboard the USS Missouri prior to signing of the Instrument of Surrender The Instrument of Surrender of Japan was the armistice ending World War II. It was signed by representatives of the Empire of Japan, the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom, the... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Cairo Declaration was an statement released at Cairo, Egypt on December 1, 1943 by President Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China. ... The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender (not to be confused with the Potsdam Agreement) was a statement issued on July 26, 1945 by Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the...

On the other hand, a number of supporters of Taiwan independence argue that Taiwan was only formally incorporated as a Chinese territory under the Qing Dynasty in 1683, and as a province in 1885. Subsequently, because of the Shimonoseki Treaty of 1895, Taiwan had been de jure part of Japan when the ROC was established in 1912 and thus was not part of the Chinese republic. However, the Unification supporters point out that "the Qing Dynasty" was universally accepted as a historical name for China. Thus, the ROC government was a succession of Qing China. Also, because the Cairo Declaration was an unsigned press communiqué, the independence advocates argue that the legal effectiveness of the Declaration is highly questionable. Furthermore, they point out that the Instrument of Surrender of Japan was no more than an armistice, a "modus vivendi" in nature, which served as a temporary or provisional agreement that would be replaced with a peace treaty. Therefore, the independence supporters assert that the military occupation of Taiwan began on Oct. 25, 1945, and both the San Francisco Peace Treaty and Treaty of Taipei hold the legal supremacy over the surrender instrument. Importantly, these treaties did not transfer the title of Taiwan from Japan to China. According to this argument, the sovereignty of Taiwan was returned to the people of Taiwan when Japan renounced sovereignty of Taiwan in the San Francisco Peace Treaty (SFPT) in 1951, based on the policy of self-determination which has been applied to "territories which detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War" as defined by article 76b and 77b of the United Nations Charter and also by the protocol of the Yalta Conference. No precedent under international law exists for such an argument however. Despite this, unification supporters counter that since neither the Republic of China (ROC) nor the People's Republic of China(PRC) signed the San Francisco Peace Treaty (SFPT), that treaty cannot affect the Chinese claims to Taiwan. Independence advocates point out that at the end of World War II, allied powers agreed that the Republic of China was to "temporarily occupy Taiwan, on behalf of the Allied forces" under the authorization from General Douglas MacArthur's General Order No. 1 of September 2, 1945. The Unification supporters refer to the fact that the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation were cited in both the Japanese Instrument of Surrender and The Treaty of Peace between Japan and the People's Republic of China, completing the returning of sovereignty from Japan to China. Therefore the Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation, and the subsequent Japanese Instrument of Surrender and The Peace Treaty (1978) between Japan and PRC should take legal supremacy over General MacArthur's orders. In addition, Gen. MacArthur was not given the command of the Allied Forces in China Theater. Thus Gen. MacArthur did not have authority to issue commands to Allied Troops in China (i.e. Chinese troops), who landed and brought Taiwan under Chinese rule again. In fact, the order was issued to the Japanese troops to surrender to Allied Commander of China Theater (i.e., Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek). Even though some people interpret the 1952 Treaty of Taipei as indirectly suggesting that Japan recognized the ROC government's sovereignty over Taiwan, Penghu, and "territories which are now, or which may hereafter be, under the control of its Government," Japan terminated this treaty upon establishment of diplomatic relations with the PRC in 1972 by acknowledging the PRC's claim that Taiwan is part of China. Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n ToÌk-liÌp Å«n-tÅng; abbreviated to å°ç¨, TÃ¡idÃº, TÃ¢i-toÌk) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister - 1911 Yikuang - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History - Establishment of the Late... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met at the Cairo Conference in Cairo, 11/25/1943. ... A white flag is traditionally used to represent a truce. ... Modus vivendi is a Latin phrase. ... A peace treaty is an agreement (a peace treaty) between two hostile parties, usually countries or governments, that formally ends a war or armed conflict. ... Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru of Japan, gave a speech on Reconciliation and rapport (和解と信頼) in 1951 at San Francisco Peace conference. ... Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Japanese: æ—¥è¯å¹³å’Œæ¡ç´„, Chinese: ä¸æ—¥å’Œå¹³æ¢ç´„), commonly known as the Treaty of Taipei as it was signed in Taipei, was a peace treaty between Japan and the Republic of China (ROC) concluded on April 28, 1952. ... Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Big Three at the Yalta Conference, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. ... This article is about the American general; for the municipality in the Philippines, see General MacArthur, Eastern Samar. ... General Order No. ...

Although the interpretation of the peace treaties was used to challenge the legitimacy of the ROC on Taiwan before the 1990s, the introduction of popular elections in Taiwan has compromised this position. Except for the most extreme Taiwan independence supporters, most Taiwanese support the popular sovereignty theory and no longer see much conflict between this theory of sovereignty and the ROC position. In this sense, the ROC government currently administering Taiwan is not the same ROC which accepted Japanese surrender because the ruling authorities were given popular mandate by different pools of constituencies: one is the mainland Chinese electorate, the other is the Taiwanese constituencies. In fact, current president Chen Shui-bian has been frequently emphasizing the popular sovereignty theory in his speeches. Pooybuttpular sovereignty is the doctrine that the state is created by and therefore subject to the will of its people, who are the source of all political power. ... Mandate can mean: An obligation handed down by an inter-governmental body; see mandate (international law) The power granted by an electorate; see mandate (politics) A League of Nations mandate To some Christians, an order from God; see mandate (theology) The decision of an appeals court; see mandate (law) The... Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ...

However, as of 2007, the conflict between these two theories still plays a role in internal Taiwanese politics. The popular sovereignty theory, which the pan-green coalition emphasizes, suggests that Taiwan could make fundamental constitutional changes by means of a popular referendum. The ROC legal theory, which is supported by the pan-blue coalition, suggests that any fundamental constitutional changes would require that the amendment procedure of the ROC constitution be followed. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x476, 189 KB)A picture of a shopping bag with a Taiwan name-rectification. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1861x476, 189 KB)A picture of a shopping bag with a Taiwan name-rectification. ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Pan-Green Coalition (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) or Pan-Green Force (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is currently an informal political alliance in the Republic of China (Taiwan), consisting of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Taiwan Solidarity Union (TSU), and the minor Taiwan Independence Party (TAIP). ... The Pan-Blue Coalition (Traditional Chinese: æ³›è—è¯ç›Ÿ; Simplified Chinese: æ³›è“è”ç›Ÿ; Hanyu Pinyin: ), or Pan-Blue Force (Traditional Chinese: æ³›è—è»; Simplified Chinese: æ³›è“å†›; Hanyu Pinyin: ), is a political coalition in Taiwan, consisting of the Kuomintang (KMT), the People First Party (PFP), and the smaller New Party (CNP). ...

Position of the People's Republic of China (PRC)

The position of the PRC is that the ROC ceased to be a legitimate government upon the founding of the former on October 1, 1949 and that the PRC is the successor of the ROC as the sole legitimate government of China, with the right to rule Taiwan under the succession of states theory.^[2] Whether the ROC, on the other hand, still has the legitimacy to retake the mainland is not widely accepted, but disputed. is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Succession of states is a concept in international politics regarding the acceptance by other states of a newly created states, based on a perceived historically relationship with a prior state. ...

The ROC argues that it maintains all the characteristics of a state and that it was not "replaced" or "succeeded" by the PRC because it has continued to exist long after the PRC's founding. According to the Montevideo Convention of 1933, the most cited source for the definition of statehood, a state must possess a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. The ROC claims to meet all these criteria as it possesses a sovereign government exercising effective jurisdiction over well-defined territories with over 23 million permanent residents and a full fledged foreign ministry. The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Unification supporters in Mainland China argue that the ROC and PRC are two different factions in the Chinese Civil War, which never legally ended. Therefore both factions belong to the same sovereign country—China. Since Taiwan's sovereignty belongs to China, the secession of Taiwan should be agreed upon by 1.3 billion Chinese citizens instead of the 23 million ROC citizens who currently live on the Taiwan. Furthermore, they interpret the UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, which states "Recognizing that the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations", to mean that the PRC is granted the sovereignty of all of China, including Taiwan. The actual Resolution, however, makes no mention of Taiwan or its representation. Therefore, the PRC believes that it is within their legal rights to extend its jurisdiction to Taiwan, by military means if necessary. ROC, Roc, roc, R.O.C, The R.O.C. or R.o. ... United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, adopted on October 25, 1971, replaced the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) (ROC) with the Communist Peoples Republic of China (PRC) as the sole representative of China in the United Nations. ...

In addition, the PRC argues that the ROC does not meet the fourth criterion of the Montevideo Convention, as it is recognized by only 24 (relatively small and poor) countries and has been denied access to international organizations such as the UN. The ROC counters that the pressure the PRC exerts^[2] prevents the ROC from being widely recognized and that Article 3 of the same Montevideo Convention specifically says, "The political existence of the state is independent of recognition by other states." This was accomplished because the PRC took many coercive steps to isolate the ROC diplomatically. Nevertheless, the Unification supporters point out the fact that the Montevideo Convention was only signed by 19 states at the Seventh International Conference of American States. Thus the authority of the United Nations as well as UN Resolutions should supersede the Montevideo Convention. The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States. ...

The current position of the People's Republic of China is that "the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China". This view is rejected by Taiwan's Republic of China government which holds the view that both PRC and ROC are two separate and sovereign Chinese governments that split during the Chinese civil war^[2]. The PRC government is unwilling to negotiate with the Republic of China (Taiwan) under any formulation other than under a One-China policy, although flexibility in terms of defining that "one China" such as found in the 1992 consensus is allowed. This has made Taiwan-China negotiations difficult, since the PRC refuses to meet with high-level publicly-elected Taiwanese officials. The PRC government considers perceived violations of its One-China policy, or inconsistencies such as supplying the ROC with arms, a violation of its rights to territorial integrity.^[3] International news organizations often report that "China considers Taiwan a renegade province that must be united with the mainland by force if necessary", even though the PRC does not explicitly say that Taiwan is a renegade province. However, official PRC media outlets and officials often refer to Taiwan as "China's Taiwan Province". (The PRC claims Quemoy, Wuchiu and Matsu as part of its Fujian Province, and the South China Sea Islands part of its Guangdong and Hainan provinces.) For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... PRC is a common abbreviation for: Peoples Republic of China Palestinian Red Crescent Popular Resistance Committees This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... ROC, Roc, roc, R.O.C, The R.O.C. or R.o. ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The One-China policy (Traditional Chinese: ä¸€å€‹ä¸åœ‹; Simplified Chinese: ä¸€ä¸ªä¸å›½; pinyin: yÄ« gÃ¨ ZhÅngguÃ³) is a principle that there is one China and that mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan are all part of that China. ... The Consensus of 1992 (Chinese:ä¹äºŒå…±è˜; literally, 92 Consensus) describes an alleged agreement that both Mainland China and Taiwan belong to one China with both sides having different interpretations over the meaning of that term. ... Territorial integrity is the principle under international law that nation-states should not attempt to promote secessionist movements or to promote border changes in other nation-states. ... Taiwan Province (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ) is one of the two administrative divisions, referred to as provinces, under effective control of the Republic of China, after the relocation of its government to the national capital of Taipei following the Chinese Civil War. ... Quemoy, Kinmen, or Chinmen (金門, pinyin: Jīnmén, POJ: Kim-mn̂g) (pop. ... The Taiwan Strait. ... The Matsu Islands (Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County (é€£æ±Ÿ Pinyin: LiÃ¡njiÄng), Fukien Province of the Republic of China (ROC, now based on Taiwan). ... (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiÃ n) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Not to be confused with the former Kwantung Leased Territory in north-eastern China. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Position of the Republic of China (ROC)

Until the mid-90s, the position of the Republic of China had been that it was a de jure sovereign state.^[4] Now, the current Democratic Progressive Party prefers to say that Taiwan (as opposed to the ROC) is a de-facto independent nation. For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Until 1991, when President Lee Teng-hui claimed that the government would no longer challenge the rule of the Communists on the mainland, the ROC government under Kuomintang rule actively maintained that it was the sole legitimate government of China. However, the now defunct National Assembly never officially changed the national borders, as the People's Republic of China claims this would be "a precursor to Taiwan independence". The task of changing the national borders now requires a constitutional amendment passed by the Legislative Yuan and ratified by an absolute majority of all eligible ROC voters, which the PRC has implied would constitute grounds for military attack. The Presidential Building is located in Zhongzheng District, Taipei City. ... Lee Teng-hui (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) born January 15, 1923) is a politician of Taiwan. ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... The National Assembly (Traditional Chinese: åœ‹æ°‘å¤§æœƒ; Simplified Chinese: å›½æ°‘å¤§ä¼š; Pinyin: ) refers to several parliamentary bodies that existed in the history of the Republic of China. ... The Legislative Yuan building in Zhongzheng District, Taipei City (the view is partially obscured by the childrens hospital building of the National Taiwan University Hospital). ...

On the other hand, though the constitution of the Republic of China promulgated in 1946 does not state exactly what territory it includes, the draft of the constitution of 1925 did individually list the provinces of the Republic of China and Taiwan was not among them, since Taiwan was de jure part of Japan as the result of the Treaty of Shimonoseki of 1895. The constitution also stipulated in Article I.4, that "the territory of the ROC is the original territory governed by it; unless authorized by the National Assembly, it cannot be altered." However, in 1946, Sun Fo, son of Sun Yat-Sen and the minister of the Executive Yuan of the ROC, reported to the National Assembly that "there are two types of territory changes: 1. renouncing territory and 2. annexing new territory. The first example would be the independence of Mongolia, and the second example would be the reclamation of Taiwan. Both would be examples of territory changes." Japan renounced all rights to Taiwan in the San Francisco Treaty in 1951 and the Treaty of Taipei of 1952 without an explicit recipient. While the ROC continuously ruled Taiwan after the government was directed to Taiwan by the General Order No.1 to receive Japanese surrender, there has never been a meeting of the ROC National Assembly in making a territory change according to the ROC constitution, though the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China have mentioned Taiwan "Province." Thus, many pro-Independence advocates point out that the ROC constitution in fact denies its own legality governing Taiwan. [1] The Constitution of the Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: JhongHuÃ¡ MÃnGuÃ³ SiÃ nFÇŽ) is currently the basic governing document for the areas controlled by the Republic of China (ROC) , namely all of Taiwan Province, Taipei and Kaohsiung municipalities, and Kinmen county and part of... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The ShunpanrÅ hall where the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed The Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese: ä¸‹é–¢æ¡ç´„, Shimonoseki JÅyaku), known as the Treaty of Maguan (T. Chinese: é¦¬é—œæ¢ç´„, S. Chinese: é©¬å…³æ¡çº¦;) in China, was signed at the ShunpanrÅ hall on April 17, 1895 between the Empire of Japan and the Qing Empire. ... The National Assembly (Traditional Chinese: åœ‹æ°‘å¤§æœƒ; Simplified Chinese: å›½æ°‘å¤§ä¼š; Pinyin: ) refers to several parliamentary bodies that existed in the history of the Republic of China. ... Sun Ke or Sun Fo (Chinese: 孫科）(October 21, 1891–September 13, 1973) was a high-ranking official in the government of the Republic of China. ... Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 â€“ March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ... The Executive Yuan (行政院; literally executive court) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China. ... Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru of Japan, gave a speech on Reconciliation and rapport (和解と信頼) in 1951 at San Francisco Peace conference. ... Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Japanese: æ—¥è¯å¹³å’Œæ¡ç´„, Chinese: ä¸æ—¥å’Œå¹³æ¢ç´„), commonly known as the Treaty of Taipei as it was signed in Taipei, was a peace treaty between Japan and the Republic of China (ROC) concluded on April 28, 1952. ...

The now defunct National Assembly passed constitutional amendments that give the people of the "Free Area of the Republic of China", comprised of the territories it controls, the sole right to exercise the sovereignty of the Republic through elections^[4]^[5] of the President and the entire Legislature as well as through elections to ratify amendments to the ROC constitution. Also, Chapter I, Article 2 of the ROC constitution states that "The sovereignty of the Republic of China shall reside in the whole body of citizens." For some, this suggests that the constitution implicitly admits that the sovereignty of the ROC is limited to the areas that it controls even if there is no constitutional amendment that explicitly spells out the ROC's borders. The Free Area of the Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ä¸è¯æ°‘åœ‹è‡ªç”±åœ°å€) is a legal and political description referring to the territories of the Republic of China under the control of its government. ...

In 1999, Taiwan President Lee Teng-hui proposed a two-state theory (or a special state-to-state relations theory, zh:兩國論) in which both the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) would acknowledge that they are two separate countries with a special diplomatic, cultural and historic relationship, and gained immense support within Taiwan.^[6]^[7] This however drew an angry reaction from the PRC who believed that Lee was covertly supporting Taiwan independence.^[8] This article is about the year. ... Lee Teng-hui (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) born January 15, 1923) is a politician of Taiwan. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... PRC is a common abbreviation for: Peoples Republic of China Palestinian Red Crescent Popular Resistance Committees This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n ToÌk-liÌp Å«n-tÅng; abbreviated to å°ç¨, TÃ¡idÃº, TÃ¢i-toÌk) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the...

President Chen Shui-bian, the current ROC President, fully supports that the "Republic of China is an independent, sovereign country" but holds the view that "Taiwan is the Republic of China" and not the People's Republic of China. This is suggested in his Four-stage Theory of the Republic of China. Due to the necessity of avoiding war with the PRC however, President Chen has refrained from formally declaring Taiwan's indpendence. Government publications have implied that Taiwan refers to the ROC, and "China" refers to the PRC.^[4] President Chen has repeatedly refused to endorse the One China Principle the PRC demands as a precursor to negotiations. There have been thus far unsuccessful attempts to restart semi-formal negotiations through formulations that refer to the 1992 consensus or the spirit of 1992. After becoming chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party in July 2002, Chen appeared to move toward a two states theory and in early August 2002, he stated that Taiwan may "go on its own Taiwanese road" and that "it is clear that the two sides of the straits are separate countries." These statements were strongly criticized by opposition parties in Taiwan. President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. ... Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ... ROC, Roc, roc, R.O.C, The R.O.C. or R.o. ... President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China or the Theory of the Four Stages of the Republic of China (Chinese: ä¸è¯æ°‘åœ‹å››éšŽæ®µè«–; pinyin: ZhÅnghuÃ¡ MÃnguÃ³ SÃ¬ JiÄ“duÃ n LÃ¹n) is proposed by Chen Shui-bian, the current (10th and 11th terms) president of the Republic of... PRC is a common abbreviation for: Peoples Republic of China Palestinian Red Crescent Popular Resistance Committees This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The One-China policy (Chinese: 一個中國) is the principle that there is one China and both mainland China and Taiwan are part of that China. ... The Consensus of 1992 (Chinese:九二共識; literally, 92 Consensus) describes an agreement that both Mainland China and Taiwan belong to one China, although there may be interpretations over the meaning of that term. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; abbreviated to or ; Hanyu Pinyin: MÃnjÃ¬ndÇŽng) is a major political party in the Republic of China which has traditionally been associated with the pan-green coalition and Taiwan independence although it has moderated its stance as it has... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

The position of supporters of Taiwan independence is that the PRC is the government of mainland China, that Taiwan is not part of China, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) is the independent, autonomous government of Taiwan. Taiwan meets all requirements for statehood as laid out in the 1933 Montevideo Convention, and has an autonomous political and economic system as well as a distinct language and culture. The current Democratic Progressive Party states that Taiwan has never been under the jurisdiction of the PRC, and that the PRC does not exercise any hold over the 23 million Taiwanese on the island. Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n ToÌk-liÌp Å«n-tÅng; abbreviated to å°ç¨, TÃ¡idÃº, TÃ¢i-toÌk) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the... The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States. ...

Traditionally, reunification had more support among "mainlanders" (the descendants of those who fled the mainland after the civil war), while support for independence was rooted in the "Taiwanese" majority "ethnic" group (those who have lived on the island since before the civil war). However, both groups have begun to lean more towards independence due to growing military threats from China, who in 1992 fired missiles into the Taiwan Strait in an attempt to disrupt the presidential elections, and who currently has 900+ missiles pointed at Taiwan. Conversely to China's intention, some scholars have posited that China's threat of war has actually caused ideas of a distinct Taiwanese nationality and solidarity to grow stronger. Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War...

Position of other countries and international organizations

Because of anti-communist sentiment at the start of the Cold War, the Republic of China was initially recognized as the sole legitimate government of China by the United Nations and most Western nations. On January 9, 1950, the Israeli government extended recognition to the People's Republic of China. United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505, passed on February 1, 1952 considered the Chinese communists to be rebels against the Republic of China. However, the 1970s saw a switch in diplomatic recognitions from the ROC to the PRC. On 25 October 1971, Resolution 2758 was passed by the UN General Assembly, which in effect expelled the Republic of China and placed the People's Republic of China on the Security Council seat as well in all other UN organizations. It declared "that the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations." Multiple attempts by the Republic of China to rejoin the UN, no longer to represent all of China but just the people of the territories it governs, have not made it past committee, largely due to diplomatic maneuvering by the PRC, which claims Resolution 2758 has settled the matter. (See China and the United Nations.) The Republic of China (ROC) , now only constituting the island of Taiwan and a few smaller islands, is currently recognized by 24 states, including the Holy See of Vatican City. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The UN General Assembly Resolution 505 is titled Threats to the political independence and territorial integrity of China and to the peace of the Far East, resulting from Soviet violations of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance of 14 August 1945 and from Soviet violations of the Charter... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 adopted October 25, 1971 replaced the UN seat of the Republic of China with that of the Peoples Republic of China. ... United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. ... Chinas seat in the United Nations has been occupied by the Peoples Republic of China since October 25, 1971. ... A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ... Chinas seat in the United Nations has been occupied by the Peoples Republic of China since October 25, 1971. ...

The PRC refuses to maintain diplomatic relations with any nation that recognizes the ROC,^[2] but does not object to nations conducting economic, cultural, and other such exchanges with Taiwan that do not imply diplomatic relation. Therefore, many nations that have diplomatic relations with Beijing maintain quasi-diplomatic offices in Taipei. For example, the United States maintains the American Institute in Taiwan. Similarly, the government in Taiwan maintains quasi-diplomatic offices in most nations under various names, most commonly as the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office. â€œPekingâ€ redirects here. ... The American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) serves as the de facto embassy of the United States in Taiwan. ... The Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO), sometimes known as Taipei Representative Offices, are de facto embassies and consulates of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in countries that do not have official relations with the ROC because of relations with the Peoples Republic of China, but have nevertheless...

The United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Japan recognize that there is one China and that the People's Republic of China is the sole legitimate government of China. However, the United States and Japan acknowledge rather than recognize the PRC position that Taiwan is part of China. In the case of Canada and the UK, bilateral written agreements state that the two respective parties take note of Beijing's position but do not use the word support. The UK government position that "the future of Taiwan be decided peacefully by the peoples of both sides of the Strait" has been stated several times. Despite the PRC claim that the United States opposes Taiwanese independence, the United States takes advantage of the subtle difference between "oppose" and "does not support". In fact, a substantial majority of the statements Washington has made says that it "does not support Taiwan independence" instead of saying that it "opposes" independence. Thus, the US currently does not take a position on the political outcome, except for one explicit condition that there be a peaceful resolution to the differences between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait.^[9] All of this ambiguity has resulted in the United States constantly walking on a diplomatic tightrope with regard to the China/Taiwan issue. Taiwan Strait Area The Taiwan Strait or Formosa Strait is a 180km-wide Strait between mainland China and the island of Taiwan. ...

The ROC maintains formal diplomatic relations with 24 countries, mostly in Central America and Africa. Interestingly, the Holy See also recognizes the ROC, a largely non-Christian/Catholic state, mainly to protest what it sees as the PRC's suppression of the Catholic faith in mainland China. However, Vatican diplomats were engaged in talks with PRC politicians at the time of Pope John Paul II's death, with a view towards improving relations between the two countries. When asked, one Vatican diplomat suggested that relations with Taiwan might prove "expendable" should China be willing to engage in positive diplomatic relations with the Holy See.^[10] Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is... The Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (Chinese: ä¸å›½å¤©ä¸»æ•™çˆ±å›½ä¼š, pinyin: ZhÅngguÃ³ TiÄnzhÇ”jiÃ o Ã€iguÃ³ HuÃ¬), abbreviated CPA, CPCA, or CCPA, is a division, established in 1957, of the Peoples Republic of Chinas Religious Affairs Bureau to exercise state supervision over mainland Chinas Catholics. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Wycliffe Tyndale Â· Luther Â· Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The Pope (from Latin... Official papal image of John Paul II. His Holiness Pope John Paul II, né Karol Józef Wojtyła (born May 18, 1920 in Wadowice, Poland), is the current Pope — the Bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church. ...

During the 1990s, there was a diplomatic tug of war in which the PRC and ROC attempted to outbid each other to obtain the diplomatic support of small nations. This struggle seems to have slowed as a result of the PRC's growing economic power and doubts in Taiwan as to whether this aid was actually in the Republic of China's interest. In March 2004, Dominica switched recognition to the PRC in exchange for a large aid package.^[11] However, in late 2004, Vanuatu briefly switched recognition from Beijing to Taipei,^[12] leading to the ousting of its Prime Minister and a return to its recognition of Beijing.^[13] On January 20, 2005, Grenada switched its recognition from Taipei to Beijing, in return for millions in aid (US$1,500 for every Grenadian).^[14]. However, on May 14, 2005, Nauru announced the restoration of formal diplomatic relations with Taipei after a three-year hiatus, during which it briefly recognized the People's Republic of China. ^[15] For the band, see 1990s (band). ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Deaths â€¢ 08 Abu Abbas â€¢ 20 Queen Juliana â€¢ 28 Peter Ustinov â€¢ 30 Alistair Cooke More March 2004 deaths Ongoing events EU Enlargement Exploration of Mars: Rovers Haiti Rebellion Israeli-Palestinian conflict Occupation of Iraq Same-sex marriage in... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On October 26, 2005, Senegal broke off relations with the Republic of China and established diplomatic contacts with Beijing.^[16] The following year, on August 5, 2006, Taipei ended relations with Chad when Chad established relations with Beijing.^[17] On April 26, 2007, however, Saint Lucia, which had previously severed ties with Taiwan following a change of government in December 1996, announced the restoration of formal diplomatic relations with Taipei.^[18] On June 7, 2007, Costa Rica broke off diplomatic ties with Taiwan in favour of the mainland.^[1] is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

Currently, the countries who maintain formal diplomatic relations with the ROC include:

Under continuing pressure from the PRC to bar any representation of the ROC that may imply statehood, international organizations have adopted different policies toward the issue of Taiwan's participation. In cases where almost all UN members or sovereign states participate, such as the World Health Organization^[19])the ROC has been completely shut out, while in others, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and International Olympic Committee (IOC) the ROC participates under unusual names: "Chinese Taipei" in the case of APEC and the IOC, and the "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kimmen and Matsu" (often shortened as "Chinese Taipei") in the case of the WTO. The issue of Taiwan's name came under scrutiny during the 2006 World Baseball Classic. The organizers of the 16-team tournament intended to call Taiwan as such, but reverted to "Chinese Taipei" under pressure from China. The Taiwanese protested the decision, claiming that the WBC is not an IOC event, but did not prevail.^[20] The ISO 3166 directory of names of countries and territories registers Taiwan (TW) separately from and in addition to the People's Republic of China (CN), but lists Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China" based on the name used by the UN under PRC pressure. In ISO 3166-2:CN, Taiwan is also coded CN-71 under China, thus making Taiwan part of China in ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2 categories. Image File history File links Flag_of_Belize. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burkina_Faso. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_El_Salvador. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_The_Gambia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guatemala. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Haiti. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Honduras. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kiribati. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malawi. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nauru. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nicaragua. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palau. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Panama. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Paraguay. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saint_Lucia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sao_Tome_and_Principe. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Swaziland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tuvalu. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Vatican_City. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2055x1074, 1364 KB) Summary This is an original image captured by me from the WBC TV CM. Licensing This image is a screenshot of a copyrighted television program or station ID. As such, the copyright for it is most likely owned... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2055x1074, 1364 KB) Summary This is an original image captured by me from the WBC TV CM. Licensing This image is a screenshot of a copyrighted television program or station ID. As such, the copyright for it is most likely owned... The 2006 World Baseball Classic was the inaugural tournament between national baseball teams that included players from Major League Baseball. ... â€œWHOâ€ redirects here. ... The World Trade Organization (WTO), (OMC - Spanish: , French: ), is an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade. ... Stamp The International Olympic Committee (French: ComitÃ© International Olympique) is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas on June 23, 1894. ... APEC may refer to: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Action Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Advanced Placement European Civilization Atlantic Provinces Economic Council This article consisting of a 4-letter acronym or initialism is a disambiguation page â€” a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... ISO 3166 is a three-part geographic coding standard for coding the names of countries and dependent areas, and the principal subdivisions thereof. ... ISO 3166-2 codes for the Peoples Republic of China. ... ISO 3166-1, as part of the ISO 3166 standard, provides codes for the names of countries and dependent areas. ... ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard. ...

Naming issues surrounding Taiwan/ROC continue to be a contentious issue in non-governmental organizations such as the Lions Club, which faced considerable controversy naming its Taiwanese branch.^[21] Lions Clubs International is the worlds largest service club organisation with 46,000 clubs and 1. ...

Slips of the tongue

Many political leaders who have maintained some form of One-China Policy have committed slips of the tongue in referring to Taiwan as a country or as the Republic of China. United States presidents Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush have been known to have referred to Taiwan as a country during their terms of office. Although near the end of his term as U.S. Secretary of State, Colin Powell said that Taiwan is not a state, he referred to Taiwan as the Republic of China twice during a testimony to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 9, 2001.^[22] In the People's Republic of China Premier Zhu Rongji's farewell speech to the National People's Congress, Zhu accidentally referred to Mainland China and Taiwan as two countries.^[23] There are also those from the PRC who informally refer to Taiwan as a country.^[24] South Africa delegates once referred to Taiwan as the "Republic of Taiwan" during Lee Teng-hui's term as President of the ROC.^[25] In 2002, Michael Bloomberg, the mayor of New York, referred to Taiwan as a country.^[26] Most recently, former US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld stated in a local Chinese newspaper in California in July 2005 that Taiwan is "a sovereign nation". The People's Republic of China discovered the statement about three months after it was made.^{[citation needed]} â€œReaganâ€ redirects here. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. ... General Colin Luther Powell, United States Army (Ret. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... ZhÅ« RÃ³ngjÄ« (born October 1, 1928, Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ) is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then Premier of the Peoples Republic of China from March 1998 to March... The Great Hall of the People, where the NPC convenes The National Peoples Congress (全国人民代表大会 in Pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì, literally Pan-Nation Congress of the Peoples Representatives), abbreviated PNCOTPR, is the highest... ... A flag for the proposed independent Taiwan designed in the mid-1990s. ... Lee Teng-hui (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) born January 15, 1923) is a politician of Taiwan. ... Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born 14 February 1942) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and the founder of Bloomberg L.P., currently serving as the Mayor of New York City. ... This article is about the state. ... The United States Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) is the head of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), concerned with the armed services and military matters. ... Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a U.S. Republican politician and businessman, who was the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ...

In a controversial speech on February 4, 2006, Japanese Foreign Minister Taro Aso called Taiwan a country with very high education levels because of previous Japanese colonial rule over the island.^[27] One month later, he told a Japanese parliamentary committee that "[Taiwan's] democracy is considerably matured and liberal economics is deeply ingrained, so it is a law-abiding country. In various ways, it is a country that shares a sense of values with Japan." At the same time, he admitted that "I know there will be a problem with calling [Taiwan] a country".^[28] Later, the Japanese Foreign Ministry tried to downplay or reinterpret his remarks. The Minister for Foreign Affairs ) of Japan is the Cabinet member responsible for Japanese foreign policy and the chief executive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ... Taro Aso Taro Aso (éº»ç”Ÿå¤ªéƒŽ AsÅ TarÅ, born September 20, 1940 in Iizuka, Fukuoka) is the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Government of Japan. ... The Japanese colonial period, Japanese rule or the Japanese occupation[1], in the context of Taiwans history, refers to the period between 1895 and 1945 during which Taiwan was a Japanese colony. ... The liberal theory of economics is the theory of economics begun in the Englightenment, and believed to be first fully forumulated by Adam Smith. ... The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (外務省; gaimu-sho) is one of the ministries of the Japanese government. ...

In February 2007, the Royal Grenada Police Band played Taiwan's national anthem in an inauguration of the reconstructed St George's Queen's Park Stadium funded by the PRC. Grenada had broken off diplomatic relationship with Taiwan just two years prior in favor of the PRC. [2] February 2007 is the second month of the year. ... Manuscript of the speech at the opening ceremony of the Whampoa Military Academy, handwriting by Dr. Sun Yat-sen National Anthem of the Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ä¸è¯æ°‘åœ‹åœ‹æŒ, Simplified Chinese: ä¸åŽæ°‘å›½å›½æŒ, Pinyin: ZhÅnghuÃ¡ MÃngÃºo gÃºogÄ“), is the current national anthem of the Republic of China (ROC). ... St. ...

When the Kuomintang visited Mainland China in 2005, the government-controlled Chinese media called this event as a "visit," and called the KMT one of "Taiwan's political parties" even though the Kuomintang's full name remains the "Chinese Nationalist Party." Interestingly in Mainland China, there is a legal party called the Revolution Committee of the Kuomintang that is officially one of the nine "consultative parties," according to the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... ...

The Chinese government has stated that it expresses a welcoming attitude towards Taiwanese businesspeople should they choose to return to the "motherland" for business purposes, but treats Taiwanese investment as "foreign investment". This is simply out of convenience, and the Chinese government also treats investment from Hong Kong "foreign investment", but this can result in confusion although the PRC clearly would not consider Hong Kong or Taiwan to be foreign nations.

Possible military solutions and intervention

Until 1979, both sides intended to resolve the conflict militarily. Intermittent clashes occurred throughout the 1950s and 1960s, with escalations comprising the First and Second Taiwan Strait crises. In 1979, with the U.S. change of diplomatic recognition to the PRC, the ROC lost its ally needed to "recover the mainland." Meanwhile, the PRC's desire to be accepted in the international community led it to promote peaceful unification ^{[citation needed]} under what would later be termed "one country, two systems," rather than to "liberate Taiwan" and institute socialism (in other words, to make Taiwan a Special Administrative Region). Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... Taiwan Strait The First Taiwan Strait Crisis (also called the 1954-1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis or the 1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis) was a short armed conflict that took place between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) governments. ... Taiwan Strait The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was a conflict that took place between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) governments in which the PRC was accused by Taiwan of shelling the islands of Matsu and... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... One country, two systems (Simplified Chinese: ä¸€å›½ä¸¤åˆ¶; Traditional Chinese: ä¸€åœ‹å…©åˆ¶; pinyin: yÃ¬; guÃ³ liÇŽng zhÃ¬; Jyutping: jat1 gwok3 loeng5 zai3; Yale: yÄt gwok leÃºhng jai), is an idea originally proposed by Deng Xiaoping, then Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), for the unification of China. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subjfuck grapesect to control by the community[1] for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ... Special administrative region may be: Peoples Republic of China Special administrative regions, present-day administrative divisions (as of 2006) set up by the Peoples Republic of China to administer Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999) Republic of China Special administrative regions, also translated as special administrative...

PRC's condition on military intervention

Notwithstanding, the PRC government has issued triggers for an immediate war with Taiwan, most notably via its controversial Anti-Secession Law of 2005. These conditions are: To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

It has been interpreted that these criteria encompasses the scenario of Taiwan developing nuclear weapons (see main article Taiwan and weapons of mass destruction). The Republic of China on Taiwan denies having chemical or nuclear weapons. ...

Much saber-rattling by the mainland has been done over this, with Jiang Zemin, after assuming the mantle of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, becoming a leading voice. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Saber noise. ... JiÄng ZÃ©mÃn (Traditional Chinese: æ±Ÿæ¾¤æ°‘, Simplified Chinese: æ±Ÿæ³½æ°‘, Hanyu Pinyin: JiÄng ZÃ©mÃn, Wade-Giles: Chiang Tse-min, Cantonese (Jyutping): gong1 zaak6 man4) (born August 17, 1926) was the core of the third generation of Communist Party of China leaders, serving as General Secretary of the Communist...

The third condition has especially caused a stir in Taiwan as the term "indefinitely" is open to interpretation. It has also been viewed by some as meaning that preserving the ambiguous status quo is not acceptable to the PRC, although the PRC stated on many occasions that there is no explicit timetable for reunification.

Concern over a formal declaration of de jure Taiwan independence is a strong impetus for the military buildup between Taiwan and mainland China. Some people believe that Taiwan will attempt a declaration of independence during the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.^{[citation needed]} Others point out that the current US administration has publicly declared that given the status quo, it would not aid Taiwan if it were to declare independence unilaterally.^[29] Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n ToÌk-liÌp Å«n-tÅng; abbreviated to å°ç¨, TÃ¡idÃº, TÃ¢i-toÌk) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the... The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, were awarded to Beijing, China after an exhaustive ballot of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on July 13, 2001. ...

According to ROC President Chen Shui-bian, China has accelerated the deployment of missiles against Taiwan to 120 a year, bringing the total arsenal to 706 ballistic missiles capable of being fitted with nuclear warheads that are aimed at Taiwan.^{[citation needed]} Some believe that their deployment is a political tool on the part of the PRC to increase political pressure on Taiwan to abandon unilateral moves toward formal independence, at least for the time being, although the PRC government never declares such deployment publicly.^{[citation needed]} Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ...

Balance of power

The possibility of war, the close geographical proximity of ROC-controlled Taiwan and PRC-controlled mainland China, and the resulting flare-ups that occur every few years, conspire to make this one of the most watched focal points in the Pacific. Both sides have chosen to have a strong naval presence. However, naval strategies between both powers greatly shifted in the 1980s and 1990s, while the ROC assumed a more defensive attitude by building and buying frigates and missile destroyers, and the PRC a more aggressive posture by developing long-range cruise missiles and supersonic SSMs. For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ...

Although the People's Liberation Army Air Force is considered large and powerful, most of its fleet consists of outdated J-7 fighters (localized MiG-21 and Mig-21BIs), raising doubts over the PLAAF's ability to control Taiwan's airspace in the event of a conflict. Since mid-1990s China has been purchasing, and later localizing, SU-27 based fighters. These Russian fighters, as well as their Chinese J11A variants, are currently over 170 in number, and have increased the effectiveness of PLAAF's BVR, or beyond visual range, capabilities. The introduction of 60 new-generation J10A fighter are anticipated to increase the PLAAF's firepower. China's acquisition of Russian Su30MKKs further enhanced the PLAAF's air-to-ground support ability. The ROC's air force, on the other hand, relies on Taiwan's second generation fighters, consisting of 150 US-built F-16s, approximately 60 French-built Mirage 2000-5s, and approximately 130 locally developed IDFs (Indigenous Defence Fighters). All of these ROC fighter jets are able to conduct BVR combat missions with BVR missiles, but the level of technology in mainland Chinese fighters is catching up. Flag of the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force The Peoples Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is the aviation branch of the Peoples Liberation Army, the military of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A Beyond Visual Range missile usually refers to an air-to-air missile that is capable of engaging at ranges beyond 20 nautical miles (37 km). ... The F-16 Fighting Falcon is an American multirole jet fighter aircraft developed by General Dynamics and Lockheed Martin for the United States Air Force. ... The Mirage 2000 is a French-built multirole fighter jet manufactured by Dassault Aviation. ... The AIDC Ching-kuo (經國), also known as the Indigenous Defence Fighter (IDF), is a military aircraft produced by the Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation based in Taichung for the Republic of China Air Force in 1994 along the same general lines as the F-16 Fighting Falcon. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

In 2003, the ROC made purchased four missile destroyers—the former USS Kidd class, and expressed a strong interest in the Arleigh Burke class. But with the growth of the PRC navy and air force, some doubt that the ROC could withstand a determined invasion attempt from mainland China in the future. These concerns have led to a view in certain quarters that Taiwan independence, if it is to be implemented, should be attempted as early as possible, while the ROC still has the capacity to prevail in an all-out military conflict. Over the past three decades, estimates of how long Taiwan can withstand a full-scale invasion from across the Strait without any outside help have decreased from three months to only six days.^[30] Given such estimates, the US Navy has continued practicing "surging" its carrier groups, giving it the experience necessary to respond quickly to an attack on Taiwan.^[31] The US also collects data on the PRC's military deployments, through the use of spy satellites, for example. It would take days, if not weeks, for China to prepare for a full assault on Taiwan. Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Derived from the Spruance class, USS Kidd (DDG-993) was the lead ship in a class of destroyers operated by the U.S. Navy. ... The Arleigh Burke class of guided missile destroyers, one of the destroyer classes of the United States Navy, is built around the Aegis combat system and the SPY-1D multi-function phased array radar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Peoples Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) is the aviation branch of the Peoples Liberation Army, the military of the Peoples Republic of China. ... KH-4B Corona satellite Lacrosse radar spy satellite under construction A spy satellite (officially referred to as a reconnaissance satellite) is an Earth observation satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or intelligence applications. ...

However, numerous reports issued by the PRC, ROC and US militaries make wildly mutually contradictory statements about the possible defense of Taiwan.

Naturally, war contingencies are not being planned in a vacuum. In 1979, the United States Congress passed the Taiwan Relations Act, a law generally interpreted as mandating U.S. defense of Taiwan in the event of an attack from the Chinese Mainland (the Act is applied to Taiwan and the Pescadores, but not to Quemoy and Matsu). The United States maintains the world's largest permanent fleet in the Pacific Region near Taiwan. The Seventh Fleet, operating primarily out of various bases in Japan, is a powerful naval contingent built upon the world's only permanently forward-deployed aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk. Although the stated purpose of the fleet is not Taiwanese defense, it can be safely assumed from past actions that that is one of the reasons why the fleet is stationed in those waters.^{[citation needed]} Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Congress in Joint Session. ... In relation to the Three Communique signed between Peoples Republic of China and United States of America, The Taiwan Relations Act is oftened viewed as another cornerstone of US position to China and in addition to the concerted area of China. ... The United States 7th Fleet is a naval military unit based in Yokosuka, Japan. ... The supercarrier, USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), formerly CVA-63, is the second naval ship named after Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the site of the Wright brothers first flight. ...

Starting in 2000, Japan renewed its defense obligations with the US and embarked on a rearmament program, partly in response to fears that Taiwan might be invaded. Some analysts believed that the PRC could launch pre-emptive strikes on military bases in Japan to deter US and Japanese forces from coming to Taiwan's aid. Japanese strategic planners also see an independent Taiwan as vital, not only because Taiwan controls valuable shipping routes, but also because its capture by China would make Japan more vulnerable. During World War II, the US invaded the Philippines, but another viable target to enable direct attacks on Japan would have been Taiwan (then known as Formosa). However, critics of the pre-emptive strike theory assert that the PRC would be loath to give Japan and the US such an excuse to intervene. Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... A preemptive attack (or preemptive war) is waged in an attempt to repel or defeat an imminent offensive or invasion, or to gain a strategic advantage in an impending (usually unavoidable) war. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

A Taiwan software program simulating an attack by China reflects a win for Taiwan.^[32]^[33]

Third Taiwan Strait Crisis

In 1996, the PRC began conducting military exercises near Taiwan, and launched several ballistic missiles over the island. The saber-rattling was done in response to the possible re-election of then President Lee Teng-hui. The United States, under then President Clinton, sent two aircraft carrier battle groups to the region, sailing them into the Taiwan Strait. The PRC, unable to track the ships' movements, and probably unwilling to escalate the conflict, quickly backed down. The event had little impact on the outcome of the election, since none of Lee's contestants were strong enough to defeat him, but it is widely believed that the PRC's aggressive acts, far from intimidating the Taiwanese population, gave Lee a boost that pushed his share of votes over 50 percent.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Download high resolution version (850x602, 181 KB)ROC (Taiwan) Navy Kang Ding-class frigate with S70C helicopter. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (850x602, 181 KB)ROC (Taiwan) Navy Kang Ding-class frigate with S70C helicopter. ... The Republic of China Navy (ä¸è¯æ°‘åœ‹æµ·è»; pinyin: ZhÅnghuÃ¡ MÃnguÃ³ HÇŽijÅ«n) is the maritime branch of the armed forces of the Republic of China. ... The La Fayette class units are light multi-mission frigates built by DCN and operated by France (Marine Nationale), Saudi Arabia, Singapore (Republic of Singapore Navy) and Republic of China (Taiwan) (Republic of China Navy). ... Taiwan Strait The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1995-1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis or the 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was the effect of a series of missile tests conducted by the Peoples Republic of China in the waters surrounding Taiwan including the Taiwan Strait from July 21... Diagram of V-2, the first ballistic missile. ... Lee Teng-hui (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) born January 15, 1923) is a politician of Taiwan. ...

The possibility of war in the Taiwan Straits, even though quite low in the short-term, requires the PRC, ROC, and U.S. to remain wary and vigilant. The goal of the three parties at the moment seems to be, for the most part, to maintain the status quo.

Developments since 2004 and future prospects

Judicial

On October 24, 2006, Dr. Roger C. S. Lin led a group of Taiwanese residents, including members of the Taiwan Nation Party, to file a Complaint for Declaratory Relief in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. According to their lawyer, Mr. Charles Camp, "[t]he Complaint asks the Court to declare whether the Taiwanese plaintiffs, including members of the Taiwan Nation Party, have certain rights under the United States Constitution". ^[34] Their central argument is that, following Japanese renunciation of all rights and claims to Taiwan, Taiwan came under U.S. jurisdiction and remains so to this day. After an extension was granted, the United States government responded with a Motion to Dismiss on January 12, 2007, mostly on the basis that the United States government has not waived its sovereign immunity, that this is a political question not suitable for a court to determine, and that the Plaintiffs failed to nominate a specific grievance for relief.^[35] TAIP flag The Taiwan Nation Party (formerly Taiwan Independence Party; Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally Nation-establishing Party) is a political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan. ... The United States District Court for the District of Columbia is the United States District Court that hears cases originating in the District of Columbia under Federal law. ... Sovereign immunity or crown immunity is a type of immunity that, in common law jurisdictions traces its origins from early English law. ...

The Plaintiffs were scheduled to reply on or before January 29, but later also extended to February 16. The bulk of the rebuttal was concentrated on countering the defendants' 'non-justiciable political question' argument, citing the Baker/Goldwater standard. Plaintiffs next argued that they have suffered an injury-in-fact from being denied a recognized nationality, and cites several statues and the San Francisco Peace Treaty (SPFT) in which the court was given jurisdiction and the United States waived its sovereign immunity over the matter. In the last sections, the Plaintiffs argued that they have stated specific claims for relief and that the law does not require them to introduce all or any claims when filing the complaint initially.^[36]

The Government was scheduled to reply by March 9, 2007, but once again an extension of two weeks was granted. Nonetheless, on March 23, the defendant's Motion to Dismiss the original complaint was denied "as moot [i]n light of the Amended Complaint filed" by the Plaintiffs on March 19. The Amended Complaint remains largely the same as the original, with minor structural changes, additional legal references, and, importantly, the inclusion of the Plaintiffs' failed attempts at applying for a U.S. passport on March 29, 2006, as a specific grievance.^[37]

The United States of America, however, again filed a Motion to Dismiss the Amended Complaint on April 5. The new motion specifies that America's legal relationship with Taiwan "derives solely and exclusively" from Executive Order 13014, and cites the Mutual Defense Treaty of 1954 which states that "'territories' shall mean in respect of the Republic of China, Taiwan and the Pescadores" as evidence that the United States then considered Taiwan part of the ROC. The Defendant asserted that the court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, mostly on the basis that sovereignty over a territory is a non-justiciable political question. The motion also argued that Plaintiffs' claim is not one for which relief may be granted, on the grounds that the U.S. does not hold de jure sovereignty over Taiwan, and that therefore the Plaintiffs are not U.S. nationals who, under the Immigration Nationality Act, may bring a declaratory judgement action.

Plaintiffs filed an Opposition to Motion to Dismiss on April 19 to counter these arguments, stating that their complaint has been mischaracterized. The opening arguments are that the SFPT is the 'supreme law of the land' and overrides Executive Order 13014, and that the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations specified no modification of the existing legal status of Taiwan by the Mutual Defense Treaty. Most of the motion was then devoted to arguing that this is a justiciable political case, as opposed to political questions non-justiciable under the Baker/Goldwater standard, and argued that the Court has power to determine the extent to which U.S. laws apply regardless of the Executive's position.^[38]

Political

Although the situation is confusing, most observers believe that it is stable with enough understandings and gentlemen's agreements to keep things from breaking out into open warfare. The current controversy is over the term one China, as the PRC insists that the ROC must recognize this term to begin negotiations. Although the ruling Democratic Progressive Party has moderated its support for Taiwan independence, there is still insufficient support within that party for President Chen Shui-bian to agree to one China. By contrast, the opposition Kuomintang (KMT) and People First Party (PFP) appear willing to agree to some variation of one China, and observers believed the position of the PRC was designed to sideline Chen until the 2004 presidential election where it was hoped that someone who was more supportive of Chinese reunification would come to power. Partly to counter this, Chen Shui-bian announced in July 2002 that if the PRC does not respond to Taiwan's goodwill, Taiwan may "go on its own ... road." A Gentlemens agreement is an informal agreement between two parties. ... The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; abbreviated to or ; Hanyu Pinyin: MÃnjÃ¬ndÇŽng) is a major political party in the Republic of China which has traditionally been associated with the pan-green coalition and Taiwan independence although it has moderated its stance as it has... Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n ToÌk-liÌp Å«n-tÅng; abbreviated to å°ç¨, TÃ¡idÃº, TÃ¢i-toÌk) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... The People First Party (è¦ªæ°‘é»¨, pinyin: QÄ«nmÃndÇŽng) is a conservative political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan. ... Elections for the President and Vice President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) were held on March 20, 2004. ... Chinese (re)unification (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a goal of Chinese nationalism that refers to the reunification of all of Greater China under a single political entity. ...

With Chen's re-election in 2004, Beijing's prospects for a speedier resolution were dampened, though they seemed strengthened again following the Pan-Blue majority in the 2004 legislative elections. However, public opinion in Taiwan reacted unfavorably towards the anti-secession law passed by the PRC in March 2005. Following two high profile visits by KMT and PFP party leaders to the PRC, the balance of public opinion appears to be ambiguous, with the Pan-Green Coalition gaining a majority in the 2005 National Assembly elections, but the Pan-Blue Coalition scoring a landslide victory in the 2005 municipal elections. The Election for the 6th Legislative Yuan (第六屆立法委員選舉) of the Republic of China on Taiwan was held on December 11, 2004. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... An election for the National Assembly will be held in the Republic of China on Taiwan on Saturday 2005-05-14, from 07:30 to 16:00 local time. ...

Public opinion

Public opinion in Taiwan regarding relations with the PRC is notoriously difficult to gauge, as poll results tend to be extremely sensitive to how the questions are phrased and what options are given, and there is a tendency by all political parties to spin the results to support their point of view. In public relations, spin is a usually pejorative term signifying a heavily biased portrayal in ones own favor of an event or situation that is designed to bring about the most positive result possible. ...

According to a November 2005 poll from the Mainland Affairs Commission, 37.7% of people living in the ROC favor maintaining the status quo until a decision can be made in the future, 18.4% favors maintaining the status quo indefinitely, 14% favors maintaining the status quo until eventual independence, 12% favors maintaining the status quo until eventual reunification, 10.3% favors independence as soon as possible, and 2.1% favors reunification as soon as possible. According to the same poll, 78.3% are opposed to the "One Country, Two Systems" model, which was used for Hong Kong and Macau, while 10.4% is in favor.^[40] However, there is also between 70-80 percent support for the view that Taiwan is an independent nation under the name of Republic of China with a special relationship to the People's Republic of China, as set forth by former President Lee. ^{[citation needed]} A December 2004 poll shows, given a referendum vote on independence, unification or becoming a state of the U.S., 41 percent of Taiwanese residents support independence, 24 percent choose unification and 15 percent would be in favor of becoming a 51st state of the United States. 68 percent say they would fight to defend Taiwan if a declaration of independence results in war.^[41] One country, two systems (Simplified Chinese: ä¸€å›½ä¸¤åˆ¶; Traditional Chinese: ä¸€åœ‹å…©åˆ¶; pinyin: yÃ¬; guÃ³ liÇŽng zhÃ¬; Jyutping: jat1 gwok3 loeng5 zai3; Yale: yÄt gwok leÃºhng jai), is an idea originally proposed by Deng Xiaoping, then Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), for the unification of China. ... â† - 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- â†’ Deaths in December â€¢ 30 Artie Shaw â€¢ 29 Julius Axelrod â€¢ 28 Jacques Dupuis â€¢ 28 Jerry Orbach â€¢ 28 Susan Sontag â€¢ 26 Reggie White â€¢ 26 Sir Angus Ogilvy â€¢ 23 P. V. Narasimha Rao â€¢ 23 Doug Ault â€¢ 19 Renata Tebaldi â€¢ 16... A U.S. 51 star flag has been designed in case of a 51st state actually joining the United States. ...

Changing Taiwan’s status with respect to the ROC constitution

From the perspective of the ROC constitution, which the mainstream political parties such as the KMT and DPP currently respect and recognize, changing the ROC’s governing status or completely clarifying Taiwan’s political status would at best require amending the ROC constitution. In other words, if reunification supporters wanted to reunify Taiwan with the mainland in such a way that would effectively abolish the ROC or affect the ROC’s sovereignty, or if independence supporters wanted to abolish the ROC and establish a Republic of Taiwan, they would need to amend the ROC constitution. Passing an amendment requires an unusually broad political consensus, which includes approval from three-quarters of a quorum of members of the Legislative Yuan. This quorum requires at least three-quarters of all members of the Legislature. After passing the legislature, the amendments need ratification from at least fifty percent of all eligible voters of the ROC, irrespective of voter turnout. The Constitution of the Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: JhongHuÃ¡ MÃnGuÃ³ SiÃ nFÇŽ) is currently the basic governing document for the areas controlled by the Republic of China (ROC) , namely all of Taiwan Province, Taipei and Kaohsiung municipalities, and Kinmen county and part of... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; abbreviated to or ; Hanyu Pinyin: MÃnjÃ¬ndÇŽng) is a major political party in the Republic of China which has traditionally been associated with the pan-green coalition and Taiwan independence although it has moderated its stance as it has...

Given these harsh constitutional requirements, neither the pan-greens nor pan-blues can unilaterally change Taiwan’s political and legal status with respect to the ROC’s constitution. However, extreme Taiwan independence supporters view the ROC’s constitution as illegal and therefore believe that amendments to the ROC constitution are an invalid way to change Taiwan’s political status.

Note on terminology

Political status vs. Taiwan issue

Some scholarly sources as well as political entities like the PRC refer to Taiwan's controversial status as the "Taiwan question", "Taiwan issue", or "Taiwan problem" (台灣問題). The ROC government does not like these terminologies, emphasizing that it should be called the "Mainland issue" or "Mainland question", because from the ROC's point of view, the PRC is making an issue out of or creating a problem out of Taiwan. Others use the term "Taiwan Strait Question" because it implies nothing about sovereignty and because "Cross-Strait Relations" is a term used by both the ROC and the PRC to describe their interactions. However, this term is also objectionable to some because it still implies that there is an issue, which they feel is created only by the PRC.

De-facto vs. de-jure

The use of the terms de-facto and de-jure to describe Taiwan's as well as the Republic of China's status as a state is itself a contentious issue. This partially stems from the lack of precedents regarding derecognized, but still constitutionally functioning states. For instance, it has been debated if the Republic of China changed from a de-jure to a de-facto state in 1971 because it lost its UN seat. This lies in the controversy on whether UN membership or recognition by the UN alone rather than the Montevideo Convention can determine if a state "legitimately" or "illegitimately" exists. From the 1990s onwards, media wire services sometimes describe Taiwan as having de-facto independence, whereas the Republic of China has always considered itself as a continuously functioning de-jure state. Look up De facto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States. ...

References

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Contents

Background

Question of sovereignty over Taiwan

Cession, retrocession and self-determination of Taiwan

Position of the People's Republic of China (PRC)

Position of the Republic of China (ROC)

Position of other countries and international organizations

Slips of the tongue

Possible military solutions and intervention

PRC's condition on military intervention

Balance of power

Third Taiwan Strait Crisis

Developments since 2004 and future prospects

Judicial

Political

Public opinion

Changing Taiwan’s status with respect to the ROC constitution

Note on terminology

Political status vs. Taiwan issue

De-facto vs. de-jure

References

See also

Further reading

External links

Contents

Background var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

Question of sovereignty over Taiwan

Cession, retrocession and self-determination of Taiwan

Position of the People's Republic of China (PRC)

Position of the Republic of China (ROC)

Position of other countries and international organizations

Slips of the tongue

Possible military solutions and intervention

PRC's condition on military intervention

Balance of power

Third Taiwan Strait Crisis

Developments since 2004 and future prospects

Judicial

Political

Public opinion

Changing Taiwan’s status with respect to the ROC constitution

Note on terminology

Political status vs. Taiwan issue

De-facto vs. de-jure

References

See also

Further reading

External links

Background