Political history since independence

In the first years of Kyrgyzstan's full independence, President Askar Akayev appeared wholeheartedly committed to the reform process. However, despite the backing of major Western donors, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Kyrgyzstan had consequential economic difficulties from the outset. These came mainly as a result of the breakup of the Soviet trading bloc, which impeded the Republic's smooth transfer to a free-market economy. Askar Akayev Askar Akayevich Akayev (Аскар Акаевич Акаев) (born November 10, 1944 in Kyzyl-Bairak, Kirghiz SSR) served as President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 to March 2005, when he was deposed by a popular uprising dubbed the Tulip Revolution. ... Jump to: navigation, search The logo of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... Jump to: navigation, search State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Socialist republics/ Communist state Area  - Total  - % water Largest on the planet 22,402,200 km² ?% Population  - Total  - Density 3rd before collapse... A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy...

In 1993, allegations of corruption against Akayev's closest political associates blossomed into a major scandal. One of those accused of improprieties was Vice President Feliks Kulov, who resigned for ethical reasons in December. Following Kulov's resignation, Akayev dismissed the government and called upon the last communist premier, Apas Djumagulov, to form a new one. In January 1994, Akayev initiated a referendum asking for a renewed mandate to complete his term of office. He received 96.2% of the vote. Jump to: navigation, search 1993 (MCMXCIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Felix (or Feliks) Kulov (born 29 October 1948 in Bishkek) is a Kyrgyz politician. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... Jump to: navigation, search A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...

A new Constitution was passed by the Parliament in May 1993. In 1994, however, the Parliament failed to produce a quorum for its last scheduled session prior to the expiration of its term (February 1995). President Akayev was widely accused of having manipulated a boycott by a majority of the parliamentarians. Akayev, in turn, asserted that the communists had caused a political crisis by preventing the legislature from fulfilling its role. Akayev scheduled an October 1994 referendum, overwhelmingly approved by voters, that proposed two amendments to the Constitution, one that would allow the Constitution to be amended by means of a referendum, and the other creating a new bicameral parliament called the Jogorku Kenesh. Jump to: navigation, search 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Elections for the two legislative chambers - a 35-seat full-time assembly and a 70-seat part-time assembly - were held in February 1995 after campaigns considered remarkably free and open by most international observers, although the election-day proceedings were marred by widespread irregularities. Independent candidates won most of the seats, suggesting that personalities prevailed over ideologies. The new Parliament convened its initial session in March 1995. One of its first orders of business was the approval of the precise constitutional language on the role of the legislature.

Kyrgyzstan's independent political parties competed in the 1996 parliamentary elections. A February 1996 referendum - in violation of the Constitution and the law on referendums - amended the Constitution to give President Akayev more power. It also removed the clause that parliamentarians be directly elected by universal suffrage. Although the changes gave the President the power to dissolve Parliament, it also more clearly defined Parliament's powers. Since that time, Parliament has demonstrated real independence from the executive branch. Jump to: navigation, search 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

An October 1998 referendum approved constitutional changes, including increasing the number of deputies in the upper house, reducing the number of deputies in the lower house, rolling back Parliamentary immunity, reforming land tender rules, and reforming the state budget. Jump to: navigation, search 1998(MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...

Two rounds of Parliamentary elections were held on February 20, 2000 and March 12, 2000. With the full backing of the United States, the OSCE reported that the elections failed to comply with commitments to free and fair elections and hence were invalid. Questionable judicial proceedings against opposition candidates and parties limited the choice of candidates available to Kyrgyz voters, while state-controlled media reported favorably on official candidates only and government officials put pressure on independent media outlets that favored the opposition. Jump to: navigation, search February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the year 2000. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ...

In 2002 Azimbek Beknazarov, a leading opposition figure, was imprisoned by the local authorities, in what many believe to be politically motivated circumstances. This led to protests resulting in clashes with police forces, culminating in the death of 5 people in Jalal-Abad. Jump to: navigation, search 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jalal-Abad (since 2003 also spelled Jalalabad) is the administrative centre of the Jalal-Abad Oblasty in southwestern Kyrgyzstan. ...

As May approached the authorities further extended their hold on power, imprisoning the vocal former Presidential ally, Feliks Kulov, to 10 years for alleged "abuses of office". During the same month the entire government resigned, accepting blame for the loss of life during the protests earlier in the year. A new government lead by Nikolay Tanayev was then formed and has remained ever since. Felix (or Feliks) Kulov (born 29 October 1948 in Bishkek) is a Kyrgyz politician. ... Nikolay Timofeyevich Tanayev (born November 5, 1945) is the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. ...

In November the President faced yet more protests, as the opposition announced it would march on the capital and demand his resignation. The police reacted by arresting large amounts of demonstrators, further adding to international disapproval at the authoritarian nature of Akayev's government.

By June 2003, the lower house of Parliament announced that President Akayev and two other "puppet" leaders of Kyrgyzstan, from the Soviet era, would be given lifetime immunity from prosecution, raising the prospect of Akayev finally stepping down. Jump to: navigation, search 2003 (MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The opposition parties have since announced they will form a coallition to fight those parties linked to the government in the 2005 elections.

As of 2005, following disputed results of the 2005 parliamentary elections, Kyrgyzstan is in a state of political turmoil, with different parties claiming that they are the legitimate government. (See Tulip Revolution). 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 2005 Kyrgyz parliamentary elections were held in February and March 2005. ... a tulip, the symbol of the revolution The Tulip Revolution refers to the overthrow of President Askar Akayev and his government in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan after the parliamentary elections of February 27 and of March 13, 2005. ...

Administrative divisions

Kyrgyzstan is divided into 7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar):

• Batken Oblasty (Batken)
• Bishkek Shaary*
• Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek)
• Jalal-Abad Oblasty (Jalal-Abad)
• Naryn Oblasty (Naryn)
• Osh Oblasty (Osh)
• Talas Oblasty (Talas)
• Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)

note: administrative center names in parentheses Batken Province (Kyrgyz: Баткен областы, Batken oblast) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ... Batken is a small town of about 12,000 in southwestern Kyrgyzstan, on the southern fringe of the Fergana Valley. ... Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (population in 2005 approx. ... Chui Province (Kyrgyz: Чүй областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ... Jalal-Abad Province (Kyrgyz: Жалал-Абад областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ... Jalal-Abad (since 2003 also spelled Jalalabad) is the administrative centre of the Jalal-Abad Oblasty in southwestern Kyrgyzstan. ... Naryn Province (Kyrgyz: Нарын областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ... Naryn is the provincial administrative center of the Naryn Oblasty in central Kyrgyzstan, with a population of 40,049 (1999). ... Osh Province (Kyrgyz: Ош областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ... If your looking for the home improvement store OSH: Orchard Supply Hardware. ... Talas Province (Kyrgyz: Талас областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ... Jump to: navigation, search Talas is a small town in northwestern Kyrgyzstan, beautifully located in a long valley between two imposing mountain ranges. ... Issyk Kul Province (Kyrgyz: Ысык-Көл областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ... Karakol (black wrist in Kyrgyz) is a city of about 75,000, located near the eastern tip of lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan and about 150 km from the Kyrgyz-Chinese border. ...

Independence: August 31, 1991 (from Soviet Union) Jump to: navigation, search August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining, as the final day of August. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

National holiday: National Day, 2 December; Independence Day, 31 August (1991) Jump to: navigation, search December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining, as the final day of August. ...

Constitution: adopted May 5, 1993 Jump to: navigation, search May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ...

note: amendment proposed by President Akayev and passed in a national referendum on 10 February 1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature. Jump to: navigation, search February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

Legal system: based on civil law system Civil law has at least three meanings. ...

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

Chief of state: President Kurmanbek Bakiyev (since August 15th, 2005) Jump to: navigation, search Kurmanbek Bakiyev, 7/2005 Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Курманбек Салиевич Бакиев; born August 1, 1949, in Masadan, Jalalabad Province in Kyrgyzstan), is the president of the Kyrgyz Republic. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Head of government: Prime Minister Nikolay Tanayev (since May 22, 2002)
note - Prime Minister Kurmanbek Bakiyev resigned on 22 May 2002 when five demonstrators were killed in a clash with police in March of 2002; First Deputy Prime Minister Kubanychbek Jumaliyev (since March 19, 2004). Nikolay Timofeyevich Tanayev (born November 5, 1945) is the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. ... Jump to: navigation, search May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search Kurmanbek Bakiyev, 7/2005 Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Курманбек Салиевич Бакиев; born August 1, 1949, in Masadan, Jalalabad Province in Kyrgyzstan), is the president of the Kyrgyz Republic. ... Jump to: navigation, search May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister.

Elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; elections last held October 29, 2000 (next to be held November or December 2005); prime minister appointed by the president; note - President Akayev has publicly stated that he will not seek reelection when his current term expires in 2005
election results: Askar AkayevKAYEV reelected president; percent of vote: Jump to: navigation, search October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 63 days remaining. ...

• Askar Akayev - 74%
• Omurbek Tekebayev - 14%
• other candidates - 12%

note: election marred by serious irregularities. Omurbek Tekebayev is a Kyrgyz politician and the current Speaker of the Kyrgyz Parliament, elected in March 2005. ...

previous election results: president Askar Akayev reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; elections held on December 24, 1995; prime minister appointed by the president; percent of vote: Jump to: navigation, search December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ...

• Askar Akayev - 75%

note: elections were held early which gave the two opposition candidates little time to campaign; Akayev may have orchestrated the "deregistration" of two other candidates, one of whom was a major rival.

Legislative branch

Bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
note: in accordance with a 2003 referendum, the Parliament is slated to become unicameral with 75 deputies after the 2005 elections.

Elections:

• Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005)
• Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005)

Election results: Total seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Jump to: navigation, search February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the year 2000. ... Jump to: navigation, search February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the year 2000. ...

• Union of Democratic Forces - 12
• Communists - 6
• My Country Party of Action - 4
• Independents - 73
• Other - 10

note: the legislature became bicameral for the February 5, 1995 elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly. The Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgarian: Съюз на демократичните сили, Saiuz na demokratichnite sili) is a Bulgarian right-of-centre political party founded in December 1989 as a union of eleven political ogranizations in opposition to the Communist government. ... This article is about communism as a form of society, as an ideology advocating that form of society, and as a popular movement. ... Jump to: navigation, search February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Previous elections:

• Assembly of People's Representatives - held 5 February 1995

note: not all of the 70 seats were filled at the 5 February 1995 elections; as a result, run-off elections were held at later dates; the assembly meets twice yearly Jump to: navigation, search February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Legislative Assembly - held 5 February 1995

note: not all of the 35 seats were filled at the 5 February 1995 elections; as a result, run-off elections were held at later dates
note: the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections Jump to: navigation, search February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Judicial branch

Supreme Court, judges are appointed for 10-year terms by the Supreme Council on recommendation of the president; Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration.

Political parties and leaders

See also: List of political parties in Kyrgyzstan Political parties in Kyrgyzstan lists political parties in Kyrgyzstan. ...

• Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan - Uson S. Sydykov
• Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan - Arkin Aliyev
• Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party - Felix Kulov
• Ata-Meken or Fatherland - Omurbek Tekebayev
• Banner National Revival Party or ASABA - Azimbek Beknazarov
• Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan - Klara Adzhibekova
• Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK - Jypar Jeksheyev
• Democratic Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan - Tokon Shailiyeva
• El Muras (People's Heritage) - Toktokan Borombayeva
• Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party - B. Asanov
• Erkindik (Freedom) Party - Topchubek Turgunaliyev
• Justice Party - Chingiz Aytmatov
• Movement for the People's Salvation - Jumgalbek Amambayev
• Mutual Help Movement or Ashar - Jumagazy Usupov
• My Country Party of Action - Almazbek Ismankulov
• National Unity Democratic Movement or DDNE - Yury Razgulyayev
• Novoe Vremya - [leader NA]
• Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP - Absamat M. Masaliyev
• Party of Justice and Progress - Muratbek Imanaliev
• Party of the Veterans of the War in Afghanistan - [leader NA]
• Peasant Party - [leader NA]
• People's Party - Melis Eshimkanov
• Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan - J. Sharshenaliyev
• Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD - Almaz Atambaev
• Union of Democratic Forces (composed of Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD - J. Ibramov, Economic Revival Party, and Birimdik Party)

Jump to: navigation, search Ar-Namys (the Dignity Party) is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. ... Jump to: navigation, search Felix (or Feliks) Sharshenbayevich Kulov (Russian: Феликс Шаршенбаевич Кулов; born 29 October 1948 in Frunze, now Bishkek) is a Kyrgyz politician. ... Omurbek Tekebayev is a Kyrgyz politician and the current Speaker of the Kyrgyz Parliament, elected in March 2005. ... The Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. ... DDK = Daark Dweebs Krew ... Justice Party was the political wing of Then Nala Urimai Sangam (literal translation: The South Indian Welfare Association). ... Chinghiz Aitmatov (Чингиз Айтматов) (born December 12, 1928) is an author from Sheker, in Kyrgyzstan. ... The Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. ... The Workers Party of Korea (WPK) is the ruling party of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea. ... The Peoples Party, Popular Party, or Populist Party, is any of several political parties claiming to speak for the people; see Populism. ... Jump to: navigation, search Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstanis a political party in Kyrgyzstan. ... PSD can be: the default proprietary file of Adobe Photoshop. ... The Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgarian: Съюз на демократичните сили, Saiuz na demokratichnite sili) is a Bulgarian right-of-centre political party founded in December 1989 as a union of eleven political ogranizations in opposition to the Communist government. ... Jump to: navigation, search Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstanis a political party in Kyrgyzstan. ... PSD can be: the default proprietary file of Adobe Photoshop. ...

Political pressure groups and leaders

• Council of Free Trade Unions
• Kyrgyz Committee on Human Rights - Ramazan Dyryldayev
• National Unity Democratic Movement
• Union of Entrepreneurs

International organization participation

AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, WTrO The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a non-profit finance institution with many Asian governments as shareholder members who are also the recipients of funding where appropriate. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (in Russian: Содружество Независимых Государств (СНГ) - Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv) is a confederation, or alliance, consisting of 11 former Soviet Republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. ... The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) is a NATO organization, a multilateral forum created to improve relations between NATO and non-NATO coutries in Europe. ... The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) was founded in 1991 to promote private and entrepreneurial initiatives in the countries of central and eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). ... ECO may refer to the following: Economic Cooperation Organization Environment and Conservation Organisations of Aotearoa New Zealand Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings: A scheme to classify Chess openings This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Headquartered in Rome, Italy, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations programs seek to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living; to improve the production, processing, marketing, and distribution of food and agricultural products; to promote rural development; and, by these means, to eliminate hunger. ... The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means of financing states. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, develops the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ... Jump to: navigation, search The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement consists of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Federation), and the 181 national Red Cross or Red Crescent societies currently recognized by the ICRC and admitted... The International Development Association (IDA) was created on September 24, 1960, is a UN specialized agency. ... IDB can mean:- Illicit Diamond Buying (in South Africa) Image Database Industrial Development Board (for Northern Ireland) Informational Drug Brochure In-suit Drink Bag (for a spacesuit) Integrated Database Intelligence Database Inter-American Development Bank Inter-Dimensional Being Interleaved Dual Boost Internal Data Bus ITS Data Bus International Database Internet... The International Fund for Agricultural Development is an agency of the United Nations. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) is an international humanitarian organisation, often better known as the Red Cross or the Red Crescent. ... Ilo may refer to: Ilo, a port in southern Peru Ilo, an artist on the Icelandic Bad Taste record label Ilo, the Estonian goddess of feasts This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... Jump to: navigation, search Interpol logo Interpol, more correctly the International Criminal Police Organization – Interpol (ICPO-Interpol), was created in 1923 to assist international criminal police co-operation. ... Alternative meanings at IOC (disambiguation) The International Olympic Committee is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organize this sports event every four years. ... The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organisation. ... Jump to: navigation, search ISO has many meanings: Iso is the stem of the Latin transliteration of the Greek word ίσος (ísos, meaning equal). The iso- prefix in English derives from this and means equality or similarity. ... The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an international organization established to standardize and regulate international radio and telecommunications. ... NAM stands for: National Association of Manufacturers Non-Aligned Movement Network Analysis Module National Assembly Member, a member of the National Assembly of The Gambia. ... Image:OIC Flag. ... The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an agency of the United Nations. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... The phrase Hague Tribunal can also be used to refer to ICTY. The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), also known as the Hague Tribunal is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands. ... Partnership for Peace is a NATO project aimed at creating trust between NATO and other states in both Europe as well as the Asian part of the former Soviet Union. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)(Chinese: 上海合作组织, pinyin: shànghÇŽi hézuò zÇ”zhÄ«, 上合组织; Russian: Шанхайская организация сотрудничества, ШОС) is an intergovernmental organization which was founded on June 14, 2001 by leaders of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, the Peoples Republic of China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... The United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) is a United Nations peacekeeping operation in Sierra Leone. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... Jump to: navigation, search UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, commonly known as UNESCO, is a specialized agency of the United Nations system established in 1945. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... The United Nations Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is an interim civilian administration of the Serbian province (as part of Serbia and Montenegro) called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), under the authority of the United Nations. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU) is a international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization that helps member states communicate and cooperate on customs issues. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ... Jump to: navigation, search The WHO flag: similar to the flag of the United Nations, augmented with the symbolic staff and serpent of Asklepios, Greek god of medicine and healing. ... The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations, and has as its core objectives the promotion of creative intellectual activity and the facilitation of the transfer of technology related to intellectual property to the developing countries in order to accelerate economic, social... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 187 Member States and Territories. ... The World Tourism Organization (WTO) is a UN agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. ... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ...

Flag description

The flag of Kyrgyzstan features a red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kirghiz tribes; on the reverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kirghiz yurt. Flag ratio: 3:5 The flag of Kyrgyzstan was adopted on March 3, 1992. ... Kirghiz (also Kyrgyz and Kirgiz) are a Turkic-Mongoloid ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. ... Jump to: navigation, search A Yurt is a traditional home of the nomads who live on the cold, barren steppes of Central Asia. ...