NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pope Julius II

Pope Julius II (December 5, 1443 – February 21, 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. He is commonly known as the "Warrior Pope." Image File history File links Download high resolution version (850x1147, 140 KB) Description: Title: de: Papst Julius II en: Pope Julius II es: Papa Julio II fr: Pape Jules II it: Papa Giulio II Technique: de: Holz en: Oil on wood Dimensions: 63 Ã— 40 cm Country of origin: de: Italien... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1503 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pius III, born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (May 9, 1439 â€“ October 18, 1503), was [Pope]] from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 â€“ 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Albanians, under Skanderbeg, defeat the Turks John Hunyadi defeats Turks at the Battle of Nis Vlad II Dracul begins his second term as ruler of Wallachia, succeeding Basarab II. Births January 27 - Albert, Duke of Saxony (died 1500) February 23 - Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (died 1490) May 17 - Edmund... Albisola Superiore (Genoese dialect: DÃ¤to dArbisseua ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 35 km southwest of Genoa and about 5 km northeast of Savona. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Julius is a gambling card game of the 16th century. ... December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Albanians, under Skanderbeg, defeat the Turks John Hunyadi defeats Turks at the Battle of Nis Vlad II Dracul begins his second term as ruler of Wallachia, succeeding Basarab II. Births January 27 - Albert, Duke of Saxony (died 1500) February 23 - Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (died 1490) May 17 - Edmund... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Italian della Rovere family of the Renaissance supplied two popes: Francesco della Rovere, Pope Sixtus IV, 1471-1484 Juliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II, 1503-1513 ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ... 1503 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Early life

Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere) was a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV (1471–84). He was educated among the Franciscans by his uncle, who took him under his special charge, and later sent to a convent in La Pérouse with the purpose of obtaining knowledge of the sciences. However, he does not appear to have joined the order of St. Francis, but rather remained a member of the secular clergy until his elevation to bishop of Carpentras, France, in 1471; very shortly after his uncle succeeded to the papal chair. In the same year he was promoted to cardinal, taking the same title formerly held by his uncle, Cardinal of San Pietro and Vincula. With his uncle as Pope, he obtained great influence, and he held no fewer than eight bishoprics (e.g. Lausanne 1472–1476; Coutances 1476–1478), in addition to the archbishopric of Avignon. In the capacity of papal legate he was sent to France in 1480, where he remained four years, and acquitted himself with such ability that he soon acquired a paramount influence in the College of Cardinals, an influence which increased rather than diminished during the pontificate of Pope Innocent VIII (1484–92). During that time (c.1483) he had a daughter, Felice della Rovere, possibly by his alleged mistress Vannozza Cattanei, whom he later married off.[1] Other sources list the mother as Lucrezia Normanni, the daughter of an old Roman family.[2] Sixtus IV, born Francesco della Rovere (July 21, 1414 â€“ August 12, 1484) was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... Two bishops assist at the Exhumation of Saint Hubert, who was a bishop too, at the Ã©glise Saint-Pierre in LiÃ¨ge. ... Carpentras is a city and commune in the dÃ©partement of Vaucluse in the Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur rÃ©gion of France. ... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... The Bishop of Lausanne (French: Ã‰vÃªque de Lausanne) was a Prince-Bishop of the Holy Roman Empire and the Ordinary of the diocese of Lausanne, Switzerland (Latin: Dioecesis Lausannensis). ... February 20 - Orkney and Shetland are returned by Norway to Scotland, due to a defaulted dowry payment Possible discovery of Bacalao (possibly Newfoundland, North America) by JoÃ£o Vaz Corte-Real. ... Events March 2 - Battle of Grandson. ... St. ... Events March 2 - Battle of Grandson. ... Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France RÃ©gion Provence-Alpes-CÃ´te dAzur DÃ©partement Vaucluse (prÃ©fecture) Arrondissement Avignon Canton Chief town of 4 cantons Intercommunality CommunautÃ© dagglomÃ©ration du Grand Avignon Mayor Marie-JosÃ©e Roig... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 â€“ July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Events The SÃ£o TomÃ© settlement is founded. ...

Ascension to papacy

However, a rivalry had gradually grown up between him and Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, and on the death of Innocent VIII in 1492 Borgia was elected Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503). Della Rovere, jealous and angry, accused Borgia of being elected over him by means of simony and a secret agreement with Ascanio Sforza. Della Rovere at once determined to take refuge from Borgia's wrath at Ostia, and in a few months afterwards went to Paris, where he incited Charles VIII of France (1483–98) to undertake the conquest of Naples. Accompanying the young King on his campaign, he entered Rome along with him, and endeavoured to instigate the convocation of a council to inquire into the conduct of the Pope with a view to his deposition; but Alexander VI, having gained a friend in Charles VIII's minister Briçonnet by offering him the position of cardinal, succeeded in defeating the machinations of his enemy. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â€“ 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... Innocent VIII, né Giovanni Battista Cibo (1432 – July 25, 1492), pope from 1484 to 1492, was born at Genoa, and was the son of Aran Cibo who under Calixtus III had been a senator at Rome. ... 1492 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â€“ 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... The Italian della Rovere family of the Renaissance supplied two popes: Francesco della Rovere, Pope Sixtus IV, 1471-1484 Juliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II, 1503-1513 ... Simony is the ecclesiastical crime and personal sin of paying for offices or positions in the hierarchy of a church, named after Simon Magus, who appears in the Acts of the Apostles 8:18-24. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Castle of Julius II in Ostia Antica. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ... Charles VIII the Affable (French: Charles VIII lAffable) (June 30, 1470 â€“ April 7, 1498) was King of France from 1483 to his death. ... The Bay of Naples Naples (Italian: , Neapolitan: NÃ pule, from Greek ÎÎµÎ¬Ï€Î¿Î»Î· < ÎÎÎ± Î ÏŒÎ»Î¹Ï‚ NÃ©a PÃ³lis New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of the Campania region and the Province of Naples. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1285 kmÂ² (580 sq mi) - Urban... Guillaume BriÃ§onnet (c 1472 - 24 January 1534) was the Bishop of Meaux from 1516 until his death in 1534. ...

Alexander VI died in 1503, most likely due to malaria, though his death is often attributed to poison. Alexander VI's son, Cesare also fell ill at the same time. Della Rovere did not support the candidature of Cardinal Piccolomini of Siena, who was consecrated under the name of Pope Pius III (1503), but who died 10 days afterwards. Della Rovere then succeeded by dexterous diplomacy in tricking the weakened Cesare Borgia into supporting him. He was elected as Pope Julius II to the papal dignity by the near-unanimous vote of the cardinals (indeed, the only 3 votes he did not receive were those of Georges D'Amboise, supposedly his main opponent and the favourite of the French monarchy, and the votes of Cardinals Carafa and Casanova) almost certainly by means of bribery. His election only took a few hours. 1503 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. ... Cesare Borgia. ... Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ... Pius III, born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (May 9, 1439 â€“ October 18, 1503), was [Pope]] from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... Georges dAmboise (1460-1510) was a Cardinal(1498) and Prime Minister(1498) under Louis XII (Louis of Orleans) of France. ... Oliviero Carafa (1430 - 20 January 1511) was an Italian Cardinal and diplomat of the Renaissance. ...

Reign as Pope

Giuliano took the name of a fourth century predecessor. From the beginning he set himself with a courage and determination rarely equalled to rid himself of the various powers under which his temporal authority was almost overwhelmed. By a series of complicated stratagems he first succeeded in rendering it impossible for the Borgia to retain their power over the Papal States. He then used his influence to reconcile the two powerful Roman families of Orsini and Colonna, and, by decrees made in their interest, he also attached to himself the remainder of the Roman nobility. Julius I, pope from 337 to 352, was a native of Rome and was chosen as successor of Marcus after the Roman see had been vacant four months. ... Borja (better known by the Italian spelling of the name, Borgia) was an influential Spanish-Italian family during the Renaissance. ... Map of the Papal States. ... The Orsini family was a powerful noble family in medieval and renaissance Rome, supplying three popes and many other leaders, and fighting with their rivals, the Colonna family, for influence. ... The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval and renaissance Rome, supplying one pope and many other leaders, and fighting with their rivals the Orsini family for influence. ...

Being thus secure in Rome and the surrounding country, he next set himself to oust the Venetians from Faenza, Rimini and the other towns and fortresses of Italy which they occupied after the death of Pope Alexander VI. Finding it impossible to succeed with the doge by remonstrance, he in 1504 brought about a union of the conflicting interests of France and Germany, and sacrificed temporarily to some extent the independence of Italy in order to conclude with them an offensive and defensive alliance against Venice. The combination was, however, at first little more than nominal, and was not immediately effective in compelling the Venetians to deliver up more than a few unimportant places in the Romagna. But by a brilliant campaign Julius in 1506 succeeded in freeing Perugia and Bologna from their despots (Giampolo Baglioni and Giovanni II Bentivoglio, respectively), and raised himself to such a height of influence as to render his friendship of prime importance both to the King of France and the Emperor. Faenza is an old Italian cathedral town, situated 50 km southeast of Bologna. ... Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. ... Alexander VI, né Rodrigo Borgia (January 1, 1431 - August 18, 1503) pope (1492-1503), is the most memorable of the secular popes of the Renaissance. ... Grand Procession of the Doge, 16th century For some thousand years, the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Venice was styled the Doge, a rare but not unique Italian title derived from the Latin Dux, as the major Italian parallel Duce and the English Duke. ... 1504 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of the Venetian Republic, circa 1000 CE. The republic is in dark red, borders in light red. ... Emilia-Romagna is an administrative region of Northern Italy comprising the two historic regions of Emilia and Romagna. ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Perugia is the capital city in the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river, and the capital of the province of Perugia. ... Bologna (IPA , from Latin Bononia, BulÃ¥ggna in the local dialect) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Pianura Padana, between the Po River and the Apennines, exactly between the Reno River and the SÃ vena River. ... Portrait of Giovanni II Bentivoglio, ca. ...

1506 (namely January 21) was also the official founding date of the Swiss Guard, in order to provide a constant corps of soldiers to protect the Pope. Given these political struggles during Julius's papacy, it is no surprise that he was their founder. 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Papal Swiss Guards in traditional uniforms Swiss Guards are Swiss mercenary soldiers who have served as bodyguards, ceremonial guards and palace guards at foreign European courts from the late 15th century until the present day (in the form of the Papal Swiss Guard). ...

Events so favoured his plans that in 1508 he was able to conclude with Louis XII of France (1498–1515), Emperor Maximilian I (1493–1519), and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1479–1516), the League of Cambrai against the Republic of Venice. In the spring of the following year, the Republic was placed under an interdict. The achievements of the League soon outstripped the primary intention of Julius. By the single Battle of Agnadello, the dominion of Venice in Italy was practically lost. But as neither the King of France nor the Emperor were satisfied with merely effecting the purposes of the Pope, the latter found it necessary to enter into an arrangement with the Venetians to defend himself from those who immediately before had been his allies against them. The Venetians on making humble submission were absolved in the beginning of 1510, and shortly afterwards France was placed under the papal ban. Attempts to bring about a rupture between France and England proved unsuccessful. On the other hand, at a synod convened by Louis XII at Tours in September 1510 the French bishops withdrew from the papal obedience, and resolved, with Maximilian I's cooperation, to seek the deposition of Julius. In November 1511 a council actually met for this object at Pisa. 1508 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Louis XII the Father of the People (French: Louis XII le PÃ¨re du Peuple) (June 27, 1462 â€“ January 1, 1515) was King of France 1498 â€“ January 1, 1515. ... Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria Maximilian I of Bavaria This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Ferdinand II of Aragon. ... The League of Cambrai was a league against Venice formed on December 10, 1508 under the leadership of Pope Julius II. It included, besides the Pope, Louis XII of France, Emperor Maximilian I, and Ferdinand of Aragon. ... Map of the Venetian Republic, circa 1000 CE. The republic is in dark red, borders in light red. ... The word interdict usually refers to an ecclesiastical penalty in the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Battle of Agnadello was the one of the more significant battles of the War of the League of Cambrai, and one of the major battles of the Italian Wars. ... 1510 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 kmÂ² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi Population - 2006 est. ... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. ... Tours is a city in France, the prÃ©fecture (capital city) of the Indre-et-Loire dÃ©partement, on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between OrlÃ©ans and the Atlantic coast. ... 1511 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article discusses the Italian city. ...

Julius II hereupon entered into the Holy League of 1511 with Ferdinand II of Aragon and the Venetians against France, in which both Henry VIII of England (1509–47) and the Emperor ultimately joined. He also convened a general council (that afterwards was known as the Fifth Council of the Lateran) to be held at Rome in 1512, which, according to an oath taken on his election, he had bound himself to summon, but which had been delayed, he affirmed, on account of the occupation of Italy by his enemies. In 1512 the French were driven across the Alps, but it was at the cost of the occupation of Italy by the other powers, and Julius, though he had securely established the papal authority in the states immediately around Rome, was practically as far as ever from realizing his dream of an independent Italian kingdom when he died of fever in February 1513. The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names,[1] was a major conflict in the Italian Wars. ... See: Ferdinand II of Leon (1137-1188, king from 1157) Ferdinand II of Portugal (1816-1885, king 1837-1853) Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Catholic (1452-1516, king of Aragon from 1479, of Sicily from 1468) (=Ferdinand V of Castille 1474-1504) (=Ferdinand III of Naples 1504-1516) Ferdinand II... Silver groat of Henry VIII, minted ca. ... When elected pope, Julius II promised under oath that he would soon convoke a general council. ... 1512 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

It is a common error that many associate the burial place of Pope Julius as being in San Pietro in Vincoli as the so-called "Tomb of Julius" by Michelangelo is located therein. However, this tomb was not completed until 1545 and represents a much abbreviated version of the planned original. Actually, Julius was buried in St. Peter's in the Vatican. His remains, along with those of his uncle Pope Sixtus IV, were desecrated during the Sack of Rome in 1527. Today, the remains of both lie in St. Peter's in the floor in front of the monument to Pope Clement X. A simple marble tombstone marks the site. The chains of St. ... Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (March 6, 1475 â€“ February 18, 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. ... Interior view, with the nave of the Cattedra in the back St. ... Sixtus IV, born Francesco della Rovere (July 21, 1414 - August 12, 1484) was Pope from 1471 to 1484, essentially a Renaissance prince, the Sixtus of the Sistine Chapel where the team of artists he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance to Rome with a masterpiece. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat in ZÃ¼rich by the ZÃ¼rich Reformed state church. ... Pope Clement X (July 13, 1590 â€“ July 22, 1676), born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29, 1670 to July 22, 1676. ...

The abilities and ambition of Julius II were regal and military rather than in any sense ecclesiastical and he also like other men. He was more concerned for people finding out about his little secret fame of like the men and as a member of the family of della Rovere than for the advancement of the influence and authority of the Church. His dauntless spirit, his mastery of political stratagem, and his moral indifference in the choice of means rendered him the most prominent political figure of his time. While, however, his political and warlike achievements would alone entitle him to rank amongst the most remarkable of the occupants of the papal chair, his chief title to honour is to be found in his patronage of art and literature. He did much to improve and beautify the city. In 1506 he laid the foundation stone of the new St. Peter's Basilica, and he was a friend and patron of Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo. Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for Julius II. The Italian della Rovere family of the Renaissance supplied two popes: Francesco della Rovere, Pope Sixtus IV, 1471-1484 Juliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II, 1503-1513 ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Donato Bramante Donato Bramante (1444 - March 11, 1514), Italian architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his most famous design was St. ... This page is about the artist. ... Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (March 6, 1475 â€“ February 18, 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. ... The Sistine Chapel (Italian: Cappella Sistina) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in the Vatican City. ...

He was succeeded by Pope Leo X (1513–21). Pope Leo X Leo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (December 11, 1475 - December 1, 1521), was the only pope who has bestowed his own name upon his age, and one of the few whose original extraction has corresponded in some measure with the splendour of the pontifical dignity. ...

Trivia

While no firm evidence exists, it is thought that the card game Pope Julius is named after him. Pope Julius is a gambling card game of the 16th century. ...

Book

Barbara Tuchman, in her book The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam (1984; ISBN 0-345-30823-9) offers a vivid narrative of Julius II's career. Her overall assessment of Julius is strongly negative, and she attributes to him some of the blame for provoking the Reformation. Barbara Wertheim Tuchman (January 30, 1912 â€“ February 6, 1989) was an American historian and author. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ...

Film

In the film The Agony and the Ecstasy about the life of Michelangelo, Julius is vividly portrayed as a soldier-pope by Rex Harrison. The film is a dramatization based upon the book of the same name by Irving Stone. The Agony and the Ecstasy is a 1965 film directed by Carol Reed, starring Charlton Heston as Michelangelo and Rex Harrison as Pope Julius II. The film was shot in Todd-AO and Cinemascope versions. ... Sir Reginald Carey Rex Harrison (b. ... Irving Stone (July 14, 1903 â€“ August 26, 1989) was an American writer known for his biographical novels of famous historical personalities. ...

External links

Sources

Text from the 9th edition (1880) of an unnamed encyclopedia (Two 120 year-old bibliographic references omitted).

Categories: Popes | Italian popes | Deans of the College of Cardinals | Natives of Liguria | 1443 births | 1513 deaths Pius III, born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (May 9, 1439 â€“ October 18, 1503), was [Pope]] from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... Popes buried in St. ... Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 â€“ 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... Image File history File links Emblem_of_the_Papacy. ... Saint Peter, also known as Simon ben Jonah/BarJonah, Simon Peter, Cephas and Kepha â€” original name Simon or Simeon (Acts 15:14) â€” was one of the Twelve Apostles whom Jesus chose as his original disciples. ... Pope Linus (d. ... Anacletus, or Anencletus, was the third pope (after St Peter and St Linus). ... Pope Clement I, the bishop of Rome also called Clement of Rome and Clemens Romanus, is considered to be the fourth pope, after Anacletus, according to the Roman Catholic tradition. ... Pope Evaristus was Pope from about 98 to 105 (99 to 108 in the Vaticans Annuario Pontificio of 2003). ... Alexander I was Pope from about 106 to 115. ... Sixtus I was a second-century pope for about ten years, succeeding Pope Alexander I. In the oldest documents, Xystus is the spelling used for the first three popes of that name. ... Telesphorus (feast day: January 5) was Pope from about 126 to about 137. ... Hyginus (feast day: January 11) was Pope from about 138 to about 140. ... Pope Pius I was pope, perhaps from 140 to 154, though the Vaticans 2003 Annuario Pontificio lists 142 or 146 to 157 or 161. ... Anicetus was pope from about 154 to about 167 (the Vaticans list cites 150 or 157 to 153 or 168). ... Soter, sometimes known as the Pope of Charity, was pope from 166 to 174 (the Vatican cites 162 or 168 to 170 or 177). ... Eleuterus or Eleutherius was pope from about 175 to 189 (the Vatican cites 171 or 177 to 185 or 193). ... Saint Victor I was Pope from 189 to 199 (the Vatican cites 186 or 189 to 197 or 201). ... Pope Zephyrinus was pope from about 199 to 217. ... Callixtus I (also Callistus I) was pope from about 217 to 222, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. ... Saint Urban, pope (222-230), came to The See in the year that Roman Emperor Heliogabalus was assassinated and served under the reign of Emperor Alexander Severus. ... Pontian (or Pontianus), was pope from July 21, 230 to September 28, 235. ... Pope Anterus, the 19th Pope (Reign: November 21, 235 - January 3, 236), succeeded Pope Pontian, who had been deported from Rome along with the antipope Hippolytus to Sardinia. ... Saint Fabian (died 250; feast day: January 20), pope and martyr, was chosen pope, or bishop of Rome, in January 236 in succession to Pope Anterus. ... Cornelius was elected pope on either March 6 or March 13, 251 during the lull in the persecution of the Roman Emperor Decius. ... Lucius I was pope for eight months (253-254). ... Stephen I, pope (about March 12, 254 to August 2, 257). ... Sixtus II was pope from August 30, 257 to August 6, 258, following Stephen I as bishop of Rome in 257. ... Pope Dionysius was pope from July 22, 259 to December 26, 268. ... Felix I, pope (January 5, 269 - December 30, 274), a Roman by birth, succeeded Dionysius after his death on December 26, 268 as Pope, being elected in January 269. ... Eutychian or Eutychianus was pope from January 4, 275 to December 7, 283 (according to the Annuario Pontificio of 2003). ... Saint Caius or Gaius was pope from 283 until his death in 296. ... Saint Marcellinus, Pope, according to the Liberian Catalogue, became bishop of Rome on June 30, 296; his predecessor was Pope Caius. ... Marcellus I, pope, succeeded Marcellinus, after a considerable interval, most probably in May 307; under Maxentius he was banished from Rome in 309 on account of the tumult caused by the severity of the penances he had imposed on Christians who had lapsed under the recent persecution. ... Eusebius (Greek word: euseves=pious) was a Pope in the year 309 or 310. ... Miltiades, or Melchiades (other forms of the name being Meltiades, Melciades, Milciades, and Miltides) was Pope from July 10, 310 or 311 to January 10 or 11, 314. ... Pope Silvester I (or Sylvester) was pope from January 314 to December 31, 335, succeeding Pope Miltiades. ... Mark (in Latin : Marcus) was pope in the year 336. ... Julius I, pope from 337 to 352, was a native of Rome and was chosen as successor of Marcus after the Roman see had been vacant four months. ... Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, was the earliest pope who did not become a saint. ... Pope Damasus I ( 305-383) was Pope from 366. ... St. ... Anastasius I was pope from November 27, 399-401. ... Saint Innocent I, pope (402 - 417), was, according to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, the son of a man called Innocent of Albano; but according to his contemporary Jerome, his father was Pope Anastasius I, whom he was called by the unanimous voice of the clergy and laity to... This article is on the pope. ... Boniface I was pope from 418 to 422. ... Saint Celestine I was pope from 422 to 432. ... Sixtus III (d. ... Pope Leo I was a Roman aristocrat who was Pope from 440 to 461. ... Pope Hilarius (also Hilarus, Hilary) was Pope from 461 to February 28, 468). ... Simplicius was pope from 468 to March 10, 483. ... Felix III was pope from March 13, 483 to 492. ... Gelasius I was Pope (492 - 496). ... Anastasius II (died November 16, 498) was pope from November 24, 496 to his death. ... Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514. ... Pope Hormisdas was Pope from July 20, 514 to 523. ... John I was Pope from 523 to 526. ... Felix IV was Pope from 526 to 530. ... Boniface II was Pope from 530 to 532. ... John II (born Mercurius) was Pope from 533 to 535. ... Agapetus I, or Agapitus I, pope (535 - 536), was the son of Gordian, a priest who had been slain during the riots in the days of Pope Symmachus. ... Silverius, Pope (536 - 537), was a legitimate son of Pope Hormisdas, born before his father entered the priesthood. ... Vigilius was Pope from 537 to 555. ... Pelagius I, Pope (556 - 561 March 3), came from a Roman noble family. ... John III was pope from 561 to 574. ... Benedict I (died July 30, 579) was pope from June 2, 575 to his death. ... Pelagius II was pope from 579 to 590. ... Saint Gregory redirects here. ... Sabinian (died February 22, 606) was pope from 604 to 606. ... Boniface III was Pope from February 19 to November 12, 607. ... Boniface IV (ca. ... St. ... Boniface V (died October 25, 625) was pope from 619 to 625. ... Honorius I (died October 12, 638) was pope from 625 to 638. ... Severinus was pope in the year 640. ... John IV was a native of Dalmatia, and the son of the scholasticus (advocate) Venantius. ... Theodore I (d. ... Martin I, born near Todi, Umbria in the place now named after him Pian S. Martino, was pope from 649 to 655, succeeding Theodore I in June or July 649. ... Eugene I, pope (655-657), was a native of Rome. ... Vitalianus (died January 27, 672) was Pope from 657 - 672. ... Adeodatus (also known as Adeodatus II) reigned as pope from 672 to 676. ... Pope Donus Donus (died April 11, 678) was pope from November 2, 676 to his death. ... Agatho (born 577?, died 10 January 681) was pope from 678 to 681. ... Leo II, pope from August 682 to July 683, was a Sicilian by birth, and succeeded Agatho. ... Pope Benedict II was pope from 684 to 685. ... John V, pope from 685 to August 2, 686, was a Syrian by birth, and on account of his knowledge of Greek had in 680 been named papal legate to the Sixth Ecumenical Council at Constantinople. ... Conon (unknown - September 21, 687) was Pope from October 21, 686 until his death on September 21, 687, in Rome. ... Sergius I (d. ... John VI, pope from 701 to 705, was a native of Greece, and succeeded to the papal chair two months after the death of Sergius I. He assisted the exarch Theophylact, who had been sent to Italy by the emperor Justinian II, and prevented him from using violence against the... John VII, pope from 705 to 707, successor of John VI, was also of Greek nationality. ... Sisinnius (died February 4, 708) was Pope for about three weeks in 708. ... Constantinus (d. ... Saint Gregory II, pope from 715 or 716 to February 11, 731, succeeded Pope Constantine, his election being variously dated May 19, 715, and March 21, 716. ... Pope Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731. ... Pope Zachary (in Greek : Zacharias), pope (741-752), from a Greek family of Calabria, appears to have been on intimate terms with Gregory III, whom he succeeded (November 741). ... Stephen, elected pope in March of 752 to succeed Pope Zacharias, died of apoplexy three days later, before being consecrated. ... Paul I was Pope from May 29, 757- June 28, 767. ... Stephen III (d. ... Adrian, or Hadrian I, (died December 25, 795) was pope from 772 to 795. ... Leo III (died June 12, 816) was Pope from 795 to 816. ... Stephen IV, (720 â€“ January 24, 772), pope August 1, 768 â€“ January 24, 772, was a native of Sicily. ... Saint Paschal I was pope from 817 to February 11, 824. ... Eugene II, (or Eugenius), pope (824-827) was a native of Rome and was chosen to succeed Paschal I. Another candidate, Zinzinnus, was proposed by the plebeian faction, and the presence of Lothar, son of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious was necessary in order to maintain the authority of... Valentinus, or Valentine, pope for thirty or forty days in 827, was a Roman by birth, and, according to the Liber Pontificalis, was first made a deacon by Paschal I (817-824). ... Gregory IV, pope (827-844), was chosen to succeed Valentinus in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious in the most unequivocal manner. ... Sergius II, was Pope from 844-847. ... Leo IV, pope from 847 to 855, was a Roman by birth, and was unanimously chosen to succeed Sergius II. His pontificate was chiefly distinguished by his efforts to repair the damage done by the Saracens during the reign of his predecessor to various churches of the city, especially those... Benedict III was Pope from 855 to 7 April 858. ... Nicholas I,(Rome c. ... Adrian II (also known as Hadrian II), (792â€“872), pope from 867 to 872, was a member of a noble Roman family, and became pope in 867, at an advanced age. ... John VIII was pope from 872 to 882. ... Marinus I (or Martin II), Pope between December 16, 882- May 15, 884. ... Adrian III (also known as Hadrian III) was Pope from May 17, 884 to September, 885. ... Stephen V, Pope from June 816-January 817, succeeded Leo III, whose policy he continued. ... Jean-Paul Laurens, Le Pape Formose et Etienne VII (1870). ... Boniface VI, pope, a native of Rome, was elected in April 896 as a result of riots soon after the death of Pope Formosus. ... Stephen VI, pope (885-891), succeeded Pope Adrian III, and was in turn succeeded by Pope Formosus. ... Romanus, was Pope from August 897 to November 897. ... Theodore II was the son of Photius. ... John IX, Pope from 898 to 900, not only confirmed the judgment of his predecessor Pope Theodore II (897) in granting Christian burial to Pope Formosus (891â€“896), but at a council held at Ravenna decreed that the records of the synod which had condemned him should be burned. ... Benedict IV was pope from ca. ... Leo V, a native of Ardea, was Pope for some thirty days in 903 after the death of Pope Benedict IV (900â€“903). ... Pope Sergius III, scion of Benedictus, of a noble Roman family, reigned in two intervals between 897 and April 14, 911, during a period of feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, where the Papacy was a pawn of warring aristocratic factions. ... Anastasius III, pope from September 911 to November 913, was a Roman by birth. ... Pope Lando was elected pope in either July or August of 913, and was therefore Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. ... John X, Pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of Ravenna. ... The Roman Leo VI succeeded John X as pope in 928, and reigned seven months and a few days -- the exact dates are not known. ... Stephen VII, was Pope from May 896 to July or August 897. ... John XI (910?â€“936) was a pope from 931 to 936. ... Leo VII (died July 13, 939), Pope from January 3, 936 until his death in 939, was preceded by Pope John XI (931â€“935), and followed by Pope Stephen VIII (939â€“942). ... Stephen VII (VIII), pope (December, 928-931). ... Marinus II (Martin III), born in Rome, was Pope from 942 to 946. ... Agapetus II (died November 8, 955) was Pope from May 10, 946 until his death in 955, at the time when Alberic, son of Marozia, was governing the independent republic of Rome under the title of prince and senator of the Romans. ... John XII (born in Rome circa 937, died May 14, 964), was Pope from 955 to 963, was the son of Alberic II, whom he succeeded as patrician of Rome in 954, being then only eighteen years of age. ... Leo VIII (died 965), Pope from 963 to 964, a Roman by birth, held the lay office of protoserinus when he was elected to the papal chair at the instance of Otto the Great, by the Roman synod which deposed John XII in December 963. ... Benedict V (born in Rome; died July 4, 965), Pope (22 May 964 - 23 June 964), was elected by the Romans on the death of John XII. However the Roman emperor Otto I did not approve of the choice and had him deposed after only a month, and the ex... John XIII of Crescenzi family (born in Rome; died September 6, 972) served as Pope from October 1, 965 until his death. ... Benedict VI, Pope (born in Rome, 972 - 974), was chosen with great ceremony and installed as pope under the protection of the Emperor Otto the Great. ... Benedict VII (born in Rome, the son of David, and previously Bishop of Sutri; died 983) belonged to the noble family of the counts of Tusculum. ... John XIV (died August 20, 984), Pope from 983 to 984, successor to Benedict VII, was born at Pavia, and before his elevation to the papal chair was imperial chancellor of Otto II, and was the latters second choice. ... John XV, pope from 984 to 996, generally recognized as the successor of Boniface VII, the pope John who was said to have ruled for four months after John XIV, being now omitted by the best authorities. ... Gregory V, nÃ© Bruno ( 972 â€“ February 18, 999), Pope from May 3, 996 to February 18, 999, son of the Salian Otto I, Duke of Carinthia, who was a grandson of the Emperor Otto I the Great (936â€“973). ... Gerbert of Aurillac, later known as pope Silvester II, (or Sylvester II), (ca. ... John XVII, né Sicco (died November 6, 1003), was a native of Rome who succeeded Silvester II as pope on June 13, 1003, but died less than five months later. ... John XVIII, born Fasanius (died June 1009), the son of a Roman priest named Leo, was pope from 1003 to 1009, was, during his whole pontificate, the mere creature of the current head of the Crescentii clan who controlled Rome, the patricius (an aristocratic military leader) Johannes Crescentius III. The... Sergius IV, nÃ© Pietro Boccapecora (born in Rome, died May 12, 1012) was pope from July 31, 1009 until his death. ... Benedict VIII, nÃ© Theophylactus (born in Rome, died April 9, 1024), pope (1012-1024), of the noble family of the counts of Tusculum (son of Gregory, Count of Tusculum, and Maria, and brother of John XIX), descended from Theophylact, Count of Tusculum like his predecessor Benedict VI, was opposed by... John XIX (born in Rome, died October 1032), born Romanus, was Pope from 1024 to 1032. ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... Silvester III, nÃ© John of Crescenzi â€“ Ottaviani family (born in Rome; probably died in 1062 or 1063); was Pope in 1045. ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... For the antipope of the same name, see antipope Gregory VI Gregory VI, nÃ© John Gratian, date of birth unknown; elected 1 May 1045; abdicated at the Council of Sutri on 20 December 1046; died probably at Cologne, in the beginning of 1048. ... Clement II, nÃ© Suidger of Morsleben (born Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, 1005 â€“ died October 9, 1047), Pope from December 25, 1046 to October 9, 1047). ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... Damasus II, nÃ© Poppo (died August 9, 1048), Pope from July 17, 1048 to August 9, 1048, was the second of the German pontiffs nominated by Emperor Henry III (1039â€“56). ... Leo IX, born Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg (June 21, 1002 â€“ April 19, 1054) was Pope from February 12, 1049 to his death. ... Victor II (c. ... Pope Stephen IX, orignally Archdeacon Frederick of Leige was a native of Germany, was pope from about July 14, 939 until his death towards the end of October, 942. ... Nicholas II, born GÃ©rard de Bourgogne (died July 19 or July 27, 1061), Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election Bishop of Florence. ... Alexander II (died April 21, 1073), born Anselmo da Baggio , Pope from 1061 to 1073, was a native of Milan. ... Pope Gregory VII (c. ... The Blessed Victor III, born as Dauferius (Benevento, 1026? â€“ September 16, 1087), Pope (May 24, 1086 until his death), was the successor of Pope Gregory VII (1073â€“85). ... Pope Urban II (1042 â€“ July 29, 1099), born Otho of Lagery (alternatively: Otto or Odo), was a Pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099. ... Paschal II, nÃ© Ranierius (born in Bleda, near ForlÃ¬, Romagna - d. ... Gelasius II, nÃ© Giovanni Coniulo (died January 29, 1119), Pope from January 24, 1118 to January 29, 1119, was born at Gaeta of an illustrious family. ... Callixtus II (or Calistus II), born Guido of Vienne (died December 13, 1124), the son of William I, Count of Burgundy (1057â€“87), was elected Pope on February 2, 1119, after the death of Pope Gelasius II (1118â€“19). ... Pope Honorius II should not be confused with Antipope Honorius II, otherwise known as Peter Cadalus. ... Pope Innocent II (died September 24, 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was Pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna). ... Celestine II, born Guido di Castello (d. ... Lucius II, neÃ© Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso (died February 15, 1145) was Pope from March 12, 1144 until his death. ... The Blessed Eugene III, né Bernardo Pignatelli (d. ... Anastasius IV, nÃ© Corrado di Suburra or della Suburra (d. ... Pope Adrian IV (c. ... Alexander III, nÃ© Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... Lucius III, nÃ© Ubaldo Allucingoli (1097 â€“ November 25, 1185), was pope from September 1, 1181 to his death. ... Urban III, nÃ© Uberto Crivelli (d. ... Pope Gregory VIII (ca. ... Clement III, born Paulino Scolari (or Paolo) (b. ... Celestine III, nÃ© Giacinto Bobone (Rome, ca. ... Innocent III, born Lotario de Conti di Segni (Gavignano, near Anagni, ca. ... Honorius III, nÃ© Cencio Savelli (Rome, 1148 â€“ March 18, 1227 in Rome), was Pope from 1216 to 1227. ... Papal Arms of Pope Gregory IX. Gregory IX, nÃ© Ugolino di Conti (Anagni, ca. ... Pope Celestine IV (died November 10, 1241 in Rome), born Goffredo da Castiglione, was pope from October 25, 1241 to November 10, 1241. ... Pope Innocent IV (Manarola, 1180/90 â€“ Naples, December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo de Fieschi, Pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to the feudal nobility of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna. ... Alexander IV, nÃ© Rinaldo Conti (Anagni, ca. ... Urban IV, born Jacques PantalÃ©on (Troyes, ca. ... Clement IV, nÃ© Gui Faucoi le Gros ( Guy Foulques the Fat or Guido le Gros) (Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, November 23, year uncertain â€“ Viterbo, November 29, 1268), was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call... Gregory X, nÃ© Theobald Visconti (Piacenza, ca. ... Innocent V, nÃ© Pierre de Tarentaise (Hamlet of Friburge - Champagny en Vanoise, Savoy, ca. ... Adrian V (also known as Hadrian V), nÃ© Ottobuono de Fieschi (c. ... Pope John XXI (1215 â€“ May 20, 1277), born Pedro JuliÃ£o, a Portuguese also called Pedro Hispano (Latin, Petrus Hispanus), was Pope from 1276 until his death. ... . Nicholas III, nÃ© Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (Rome, ca. ... Martin IV, nÃ© Simon de Brion (ca. ... Honorius IV, nÃ© Giacomo Savelli (Rome, ca. ... Nicholas IV, nÃ© Girolamo Masci (Lisciano, a small village near Ascoli Piceno, September 30, 1227 â€“ April 4, 1292), was Pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. ... Pope Celestine V (1215 â€“ May 19, 1296), born Pietro Angelerio, also known as Pietro del Morrone (according to some sources Angelario or Angelieri or Angelliero or Angeleri), was elected Pope in the year 1294. ... Boniface VIII, nÃ© Benedetto Caetani (Anagni, c. ... Benedict XI, born Nicholas Boccasini (Treviso, 1240 â€“ July 7, 1304), Pope from 1303 to 1304, succeeded the famous Pope Boniface VIII (1294â€“1303), but was unable to carry out his policies. ... Clement V, born Bertrand de Goth (also occasionally spelled Gouth and Got) (1264 â€“ April 20, 1314), was Pope from 1305 to his death. ... Pope John XXII, born Jacques DuÃ¨ze or dEuse (1249 â€“ December 4, 1334), was the son of a shoemaker in Cahors. ... Benedict XII, nÃ© Jacques Fournier ( 1280s â€“ April 25, 1342), was Pope from 1334 to 1342. ... Clement VI, nÃ© Pierre Roger (1291 â€“ December 6, 1352), the fourth of the Avignon Popes, was elected in May 1342, and reigned until his death. ... Innocent VI, nÃ© Ã‰tienne Aubert (1282 or 1295 â€“ September 12, 1362), Pope at Avignon from 1352 to 1362, the successor of Pope Clement VI (1342â€“52), was a native of the hamlet of Les Monts, diocese of Limoges (today part of the commune of Beyssac, dÃ©partement of CorrÃ¨ze... Blessed Urban V, nÃ© Guillaume Grimoard (1310 â€“ December 19, 1370), Pope from 1362 to 1370, was a native of Grizac in Languedoc (today part of the commune of Le Pont-de-Montvert, dÃ©partement of LozÃ¨re). ... Gregory XI, nÃ© Pierre Roger de Beaufort (ca. ... Pope Urban VI (Naples c. ... Boniface IX, nÃ© Piero Tomacelli (1356 â€“ October 1, 1404), was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389 â€“ until October 1, 1404). ... Innocent VII, nÃ© Cosimo de Migliorati (ca. ... Gregory XII, nÃ© Angelo Correr or Corraro (died October 18, 1417), Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII (1404â€“06) on November 30, 1406, having been chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals, under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII (1394â€“1423... Martin V, nÃ© Oddone Colonna or Odo Colonna (1368 â€“ February 20, 1431), Pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St. ... Eugenius IV, né Gabriel Condulmer (1383 - February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ... Nicholas V, nÃ© Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397 â€“ March 24, 1455) was Pope from March 6, 1447, to his death. ... Calistus and Calixtus III redirect here. ... Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Latin Aeneas Sylvius), (October 18, 1405 â€“ August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 â€“ July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Sixtus IV, born Francesco della Rovere (July 21, 1414 â€“ August 12, 1484) was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 â€“ July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â€“ 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... Pius III, born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (May 9, 1439 â€“ October 18, 1503), was [Pope]] from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 â€“ 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... The house where Adrian VI was born Adrian VI (also known as Hadrian VI or Adriano VI), born Adrian dEdel (March 2, 1459 - September 14, 1523), pope from 1522 to 1523, was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and studied under the Brethren of the Common Life either at Zwolle... For the antipope (1378â€“1394) see antipope Clement VII and other Popes named Clement see Pope Clement. ... Pope Paul III (February 29, 1468 â€“ November 10, 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope from 1534 to 1549. ... Pope Julius III (September 10, 1487 â€“ March 23, 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from February 7, 1550 to 1555. ... Marcellus II, nÃ© Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi (May 6, 1501 â€“ May 1, 1555), cardinal of Santa Croce, a native of the area of Ancona, Italy, was elected pope to succeed Julius III on April 9, 1555. ... Paul IV, nÃ© Giovanni Pietro Carafa (June 28, 1476 â€“ August 18, 1559) was Pope from May 23, 1555 until his death. ... Pius IV, nÃ© Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 â€“ December 9, 1565), pope from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan, unrelated with the Medicis of Florence. ... Saint Pius V, nÃ© Antonio Ghislieri, from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri (January 17, 1504 â€“ May 1, 1572) was pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Catholic Church. ... Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 â€“ April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585. ... Sixtus V, born Felice Peretti (December 13, 1521 -â€“ August 27, 1590) was pope from 1585 to 1590. ... Pope Urban VII (August 4, 1521 â€“ September 27, 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope for thirteen days in September 1590. ... Pope Gregory XIV (February 11, 1535 â€“ October 16, 1591), born NiccolÃ² Sfondrati, was Pope from December 5, 1590 â€“ October 16, 1591. ... Pope Innocent IX (July 20, 1519 â€“ December 30, 1591), born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, who was born to a modest working family in the mountainous comune of Cravegna, in the diocese of Novara, northern Italy, was a Canon Lawyer, diplomat, and chief administrator during the reign of Pope Gregory XIV (1590... Clement VIII, born Ippolito Aldobrandini (Fano, Italy, February 24, 1536 â€“ March 3, 1605 in Rome) was Pope from January 30, 1592 to March 3, 1605. ... Leo XI, nÃ© Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici (June 2, 1535, Florence â€“ April 27, 1605, Rome), was Pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year. ... Paul V, nÃ© Camillo Borghese (Rome, September 17, 1552 â€“ January 28, 1621) was Pope from May 16, 1605 until his death. ... Gregory XV, born Alessandro Ludovisi (January 9, 1554 â€“ July 8, 1623), Pope (1621-1623), born at Bologna, succeeded Paul V on February 9, 1621. ... Pope Urban VIII (April 1568 â€“ July 29, 1644), born Maffeo Barberini, was Pope from 1623 to 1644. ... Innocent X, born Giovanni Battista Pamphili (May 6, 1574 â€“ January 7, 1655) was Pope from 1644 to 1655. ... Alexander VII, nÃ© Fabio Chigi (February 13, 1599 â€“ May 22, 1667) was Pope from April 7, 1655 until his death in 1667. ... Clement IX, né Giulio Rospigliosi (January 28, 1600 - December 9, 1669) was pope from 1667 to 1669. ... Pope Clement X (July 13, 1590 â€“ July 22, 1676), born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29, 1670 to July 22, 1676. ... The Blessed Innocent XI, nÃ© Benedetto Odescalchi (May 16, 1611 â€“ August 12, 1689) was pope from 1676 to 1689. ... Alexander VIII, nÃ© Pietro Vito Ottoboni (April 22, 1610 - February 1, 1691), pope from 1689 to 1691, was born of a noble Venetian family, and was the son of Marco Ottoboni, chancellor of the Republic of Venice. ... Innocent XII, né Antonio Pignatelli (March 13, 1615 - September 27, 1700) pope from 1691 to 1700, was the successor of Alexander VIII. He came of a distinguished Naples family and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome. ... Clement XI, nÃ© Giovanni Francesco Albani (July 23, 1649 â€“ March 19, 1721) was pope from 1700 to 1721. ... Innocent XIII, nÃ© Michelangelo dei Conti (Poli, near Rome, May 13, 1655 â€“ March 7, 1724 in Rome), pope from 1721 to 1724, became cardinal under Clement XI in 1706. ... For Pedro de Luna, the last of the Avignon popes, see Antipope Benedict XIII. Benedict XIII, O.P., born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini (Gravina di Puglia, February 2, 1649 â€“ February 21, 1730), was pope from 1724 to 1730. ... Clement XII, born as Lorenzo Corsini (Florence, April 7, 1652 â€“ Rome, February 6, 1740), Pope from 1730 to 1740, had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs. ... Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (Bologna, March 31, 1675 â€“ May 3, 1758 in Rome), was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758. ... Clement XIII, born Carlo della Torre Rezzonico (Venice, March 7, 1693 â€“ Rome, February 2, 1769), was Pope from 1758 to 1769. ... Pope Clement XIV, born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli (Sant Arcangelo di Romagna, 31 October 1705 â€“ 22 September 1774 in Rome), was Pope from 1769 to 1774. ... Pius VI, born Giovanni Angelo Braschi (December 27, 1717 â€“ August 29, 1799), Pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena. ... Pope Pius VII, O.S.B. (August 14, 1742 â€“ August 20, 1823), born Barnaba NiccolÃ² Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823. ... Pope Leo XII (August 22, 1760 â€“ February 10, 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, was Pope from 1823 to 1829. ... Pope Pius VIII (November 20, 1761 â€“ December 1, 1830), born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, was Pope from 1829 to 1830. ... Pope Gregory XVI (September 18, 1765 â€“ June 1, 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of the religious order of the Camaldolese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846. ... Blessed Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 â€“ February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878, making him the longest-reigning Pope since the Apostle St. ... Pope Leo XIII (March 2, 1810 â€“ July 20, 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, having succeeded Pope Pius IX (1846â€“78) on February 20, 1878 and reigning until his death in 1903. ... Pope Saint Pius X ( Latin: ) (June 2, 1835 â€” August 20, 1914), born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was Pope from 1903 to 1914, succeeding Pope Leo XIII (1878â€“1903). ... Pope Benedict XV (Latin: ), (Italian: Benedetto XV), (November 21, 1854 â€“ January 22, 1922), born Giacomo della Chiesa, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from September 3, 1914 to January 22, 1922; he succeeded Pope Pius X (1903â€“14). ... Pope Pius XI (Latin: ) (May 31, 1857 â€“ February 10, 1939), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, reigned as Pope from February 6, 1922 and sovereign of Vatican City from 1929 until his death on February 10, 1939. ... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 â€“ October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, and sovereign of Vatican City State from March 2, 1939 until his death. ... Blessed Pope John XXIII (Latin: ), (Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 â€“ June 3, 1963), was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... Pope Paul VI (Latin: ), (Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 â€“ August 6, 1978), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as sovereign of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978. ... Pope John Paul I (in Latin ), born Albino Luciani (October 17, 1912 â€“ September 28, 1978), reigned as pope and as sovereign of Vatican City from August 26, 1978 to September 28, 1978. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: ), (Italian: Giovanni Paolo II), born [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland â€“ April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as Pope of the Roman... Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishops mitre, and pallium of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms. ...

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Early life GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");