NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pope Sixtus IV

Sixtus IV ( // // clopedia/July-21" onmouseover="pv(event, 16)" onmouseout="unpv(16)" style="">July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. He founded the Sistine Chapel where the team of artists he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance to Rome with the first masterpiece of the city's new artistic age (Michelangelo's frescoes were added in a later phase). Image File history File links Sixtus_IV.PNG Pope Sixtus IV Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. ... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo CÃ£o finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 â€“ July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 â€“ July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 163 days remaining. ... Events Council of Constance begins. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Province of Savona (SV) Mayor Elevation m Area 9. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo CÃ£o finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1285 kmÂ² (580 sq mi) - Urban... Sixtus was a Roman name, originally meaning sixth (child), but later being used for any child, regardless of order. ... July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 163 days remaining. ... Events Council of Constance begins. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo CÃ£o finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and... The Italian della Rovere family of the Renaissance supplied two popes: Francesco della Rovere, Pope Sixtus IV, 1471-1484 Juliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II, 1503-1513 ... The Pope (or Pope of Rome) (from Latin: papa, Papa, father; from Greek: papas / = priest originating from Ï€Î±Ï„Î®Ï = father )[1] is the Bishop of Rome and the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church. ... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo CÃ£o finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and... The Sistine Chapel (Italian: Cappella Sistina) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in the Vatican City. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ... Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (March 6, 1475 â€“ February 18, 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. ...

Biography

He was born to a modest family near Savona, Liguria, Italy: the precise town is variously stated to be Albisola or, more often, Celle Ligure, a town near Savona in the Republic of Genoa. He joined the Franciscan Order, an unlikely choice for a political career, and his intellectual qualities were revealed while he was studying philosophy and theology at the University of Pavia. He went on to lecture at many eminent Italian universities. He was elected Minister General of the Franciscan order in 1464. In 1467, he was made a Cardinal by Pope Paul II (1464–1471). Country Italy Region Liguria Province Savona (SV) Mayor Federico Berruti Elevation m Area 65 kmÂ² Population - Total (as of December 12, 2004) 61,742 - Density 921/kmÂ² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Savonesi Dialing code 019 Postal code 17100 Frazioni Lavagnola, LÃ©gino, Zinola, Santuario Patron Our Lady... Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. ... Albisola Superiore (Genoese dialect: DÃ¤to dArbisseua ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 35 km southwest of Genoa and about 5 km northeast of Savona. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Province of Savona (SV) Mayor Elevation m Area 9. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Savona (SV) Mayor Federico Berruti Elevation m Area 65 kmÂ² Population - Total (as of December 12, 2004) 61,742 - Density 921/kmÂ² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Savonesi Dialing code 019 Postal code 17100 Frazioni Lavagnola, LÃ©gino, Zinola, Santuario Patron Our Lady... Genoa (Genova in Italian - Zena in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... This article is 58 kilobytes or more in size. ... Theology (Greek Î¸ÎµÎ¿Ï‚, theos, God, + Î»Î¿Î³Î¹Î±, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... The University of Pavia is a university in Pavia, Italy. ... This is a list of the ministers general of the Order of Friars Minor; // Francis of Assisi (1210-1226) Johannes Parenti (1227-1232) 1st Minister general Elias of Cortona (1232-1239) 2nd Minister general Albert of Pisa (1239-1240) 3rd Minister general Haymo of Faversham (1240-1243) 4th Minister general... Events February - Christian I of Denmark and Norway who was also serving as King of Sweden is declared deposed from the later throne. ... Events October 29 - Battle of Brusthem: Charles the Bold defeats Liege Beginning of the Sengoku Period in Japan. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 â€“ July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ...

With his election to pope, Sixtus IV declared a renewed crusade against the Ottoman Turks in Smyrna. Fund-raising for the crusade was more successful than the half-hearted attempts to storm Smyrna, with little to show in return. Some fruitless attempts were made in unification with the Greek Church. For the remainder of his pontificate he turned to temporal issues and dynastic considerations. Sixtus continued the dispute with Louis XI of France (1461–1483), who upheld the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438), according to which papal decrees needed royal assent before they could be promulgated in France. This was a cornerstone of the privileges claimed for the Gallican Church and could never be shifted as long as Louis XI maneuvered to replace Ferdinand I of Naples with a French prince, thus being in conflict with the papacy, which as a princely strategist could not permit it. This article is about the medieval crusades. ... The Ottoman Turks were the ethnic subdivision of the Turkish people who dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. ... Agora of Smyrna Smyrna (Greek: Î£Î¼ÏÏÎ½Î·) is an ancient city (today Ä°zmir in Turkey) that was founded at a very early period at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. ... The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself: as the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus Christ and the Twelve Apostles. ... Louis XI the Prudent (French: Louis XI le Prudent) (July 3, 1423 â€“ August 30, 1483), also informally nicknamed luniverselle aragne (old French for universal spider), or the Spider King, was King of France (1461â€“1483). ... The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by King Charles VII of France, on July 7, 1438, required a General Church Council, with authority superior to that of the pope, to be held every ten years, required election rather than appointment to ecclesiastical offices, prohibited the pope from bestowing, and profiting... Events Pachacuti who would later create Tahuantinsuyu, or Inca Empire became the ruler of Cuzco In Italy, the siege of Brescia by the condottieri troops of NiccolÃ² Piccinino was raised after the arrival of Scaramuccia da ForlÃ¬. January 1 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary March 18 - Albert... The term Gallican Church usually refers to the Roman Catholic Church in France from the time of the Declaration of the Clergy of France (1682) to that of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790) during the French Revolution. ... Ferdinand I (1423 - January 25, 1494), also called Don Ferrante, was the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494. ...

Like a number of Popes, Sixtus IV adhered to the system of nepotism. In the fresco by Melozzo da Forlì he is accompanied by his Della Rovere and Riario nephews, not all of whom were made cardinals: the protonotary apostolic Raffaele Riario (on his right), the future Pope Julius II (1503–1513) standing before him, and Girolamo Riario and Giovanni della Rovere behind the kneeling Platina, author of the first humanist history of the Popes. His nephew Pietro Riario also benefited of his nepotism, becoming one of the richest men in Rome and being entrusted of Sixtus IV's foreign policy, but died prematurely in 1474, his role passing to Raffaele. Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Nepotism This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Melozzo da ForlÃ¬ Melozzo da ForlÃ¬ (ForlÃ¬, Italy, c. ... The Italian della Rovere family of the Renaissance supplied two popes: Francesco della Rovere, Pope Sixtus IV, 1471-1484 Juliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II, 1503-1513 ... Riario was the name of three famous nephews of Francesco della Rovere, who reigned as Pope Sixtus IV. Girolamo Riario (Savona 1443 - Forlí 1488), Lord of Imola and Forlì; The Pazzi conspiracy in Florence, 1478, had him as intended beneficiary, once Lorenzo and Giuliano de Medici had been assassinated. ... The prothonotary is the chief court clerk in certain courts of law in certain Anglo-American jurisdictions, including the American states of Pennsylvania and Delaware, the Federal Court of Canada, and the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. ... Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario (May 3, 1461 â€“ July 9, 1521) was an Italian Cardinal of the Renaissance, mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the one who called Michelangelo in Rome. ... Pope Julius II Julius II, né Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 - February 21, 1513), was pope from 1503 to 1513. ... Girolamo Riario (Savona 1443 - ForlÃ 1488), Lord of Imola and ForlÃ¬. The Pazzi conspiracy in Florence, 1478, had him as intended beneficiary, once Lorenzo and Giuliano de Medici had been assassinated. ... Pope Sixtus IV appoints Bartolomeo Platina prefect of the Vatican Library, fresco by Melozzo da ForlÃ¬, c. ... Humanism[1] is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualitiesâ€”particularly rationalism. ... Pietro Riario (1445 - 1474), was a son of Paolo and Pope Sixtus IVs sister, Bianca Della Rovere. ...

The secular fortunes of the Della Rovere began when Sixtus invested his nephew Giovanni with the signoria of Senigallia and arranged his marriage to the daughter of Federico III da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino; from the union came a line of Della Rovere dukes of Urbino that lasted until the line expired, in 1631.^[1] Country Italy Region Marche Province Ancona (AN) Mayor Elevation 3 m Area 115 kmÂ² Population - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 43,899 - Density 359/kmÂ² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Senigalliesi Dialing code 071 Postal code 60019 Frazioni see list Patron St. ... Fedrico da Montefeltro painted by Piero della Francesca. ...

In his territorial aggrandizement of the Papal States Sixtus IV's nephew Cardinal Raffaele Riario, for whom the Palazzo della Cancelleria was constructed, was a leader in the 1478 failed "Pazzi conspiracy" to assassinate both Lorenzo de' Medici and his brother and replace them in Florence with Sixtus IV's other nephew, Girolamo Riario. The archbishop of Pisa, a main organizer of the plot, was hanged on the walls of the Florentine Palazzo della Signoria. To this Sixtus IV replied with an interdict and two years' of war with Florence. He also encouraged the Venetians to attack Ferrara, which he wished to obtain for another nephew. The angered Italian princes allied to force Sixtus IV to make peace, to his great annoyance. Coat of arms Map of the Papal States; the reddish area was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, the rest (grey) in 1870. ... The Palazzo della Cancelleria (Italian for Palace of the Chancellery, meaning the Papal Chancellery) is a palace in Rome, situated between the present Corso Vittorio Emanuele II and the Campo de Fiori, in the rione of Parione. ... Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ... The Pazzi family were Tuscan nobles who had become bankers in Florence in the 14th century. ... Lorenzo de Medici. ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Riario was the name of three famous nephews of Francesco della Rovere, who reigned as Pope Sixtus IV. Girolamo Riario (Savona 1443 - Forlí 1488), Lord of Imola and Forlì; The Pazzi conspiracy in Florence, 1478, had him as intended beneficiary, once Lorenzo and Giuliano de Medici had been assassinated. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pisa is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... Palazzo della Signoria Palazzo della Signoria was the original name of the Palazzo Vecchio, before the government of the Republic of Florence was moved to the Uffizi under Cosimo I de Medici. ... The word interdict usually refers to an ecclesiastical penalty in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Borders of the Republic of Venice in 1796 Capital Venice Language(s) Italian, Latin Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic Doge - 1789-1797 Ludovico Manin History - Established 727 (697) - Treaty of Zara June 27, 1358 - Treaty of Leoben April 17, 1797 Map of the Venetian Republic, circa 1000. ... Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, capital city of the province of Ferrara. ...

As a temporal prince who constructed stout fortresses in the Papal States, Sixtus IV committed himself to Venice's aggression against Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, inciting the Venetians to attack in 1482 in the so-called War of Ferrara. Their combined assault was opposed by an alliance of the Sforzas of Milan, the Medicis of Florence along with the King of Naples, normally a hereditary ally and champion of the Papacy. For refusing to desist from the very hostilities that he himself had instigated (and for being a dangerous rival to Della Rovere dynastic ambitions in the Marche), Sixtus IV placed Venice under interdict in 1483. Coat of arms Map of the Papal States; the reddish area was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, the rest (grey) in 1870. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia) is the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Ercole dEste I (1431 â€“ 1505) was Duke of Ferrara from 1471 until 1505. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of Dukes of Modena. ... Events Portuguese fortify Fort Elmina on the Gold Coast Tizoc rules the Aztecs Diogo Cão, a Portuguese navigator, becomes the first European to sail up the Congo. ... The War of Ferrara ending with the Peace of Bagnolo, was fought in 1482-1484 between Ercole I dEste, duke of Ferrara, and the Papal forces mustered by Ercoles personal nemesis, Pope Sixtus IV and his Venetian allies. ... Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. ... Milan (Italian: ; Lombard: MilÃ¡n (listen)) is one of the biggest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. ... The Medici coat of arms The Medici family was a powerful and influential Florentine family from the 13th to 17th century. ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... The following is a list of monarchs of Naples and Sicily: See also: List of Counts of Apulia and Calabria Hauteville Counts of Sicily, 1071-1130 Roger I 1071-1101 Simon 1101-1105 Roger II 1105-1130 Hauteville Kings of Sicily, 1130-1198 Roger II 1130-1154 William I 1154... // The Marche (plural, originally le marche de Ancona = the Marches of Ancona) are a region of Central Italy, bordering Emilia-Romagna north, Tuscany to the north-west, Umbria to west, Abruzzo and Latium to the south and the Adriatic Sea to the east. ... Events The SÃ£o TomÃ© settlement is founded. ...

Sixtus IV consented to the Spanish Inquisition and issued a bull in 1478 that established an Inquisitor in Seville, under political pressure from Ferdinand of Aragon, who threatened to withhold military support from his kingdom of Sicily. Nevertheless, Sixtus IV quarrelled over protocol and prerogatives of jurisdiction, was unhappy with the excesses of the Inquisition and took measures to condemn the most flagrant abuses in 1482. In ecclesiastical affairs, Sixtus IV instituted the feast (December 8) of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. He formally annulled (1478) the confusedly reformist decrees of the Council of Constance. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and was under the direct control of the Spanish monarchy. ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ... An inquisitor was an official in an inquisition, an organisation or program intended to eliminate heresy and other things frowned on by the Roman Catholic Church. ... NO8DO (I was not abandoned) Location Coordinates : ( ) Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Sevilla (Spanish) Spanish name Sevilla Founded 8th-9th century BC Postal code 41001-41080 Website http://www. ... Ferdinand II of Aragon. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 kmÂ² (9,926 sq. ... Mary, mother of Jesus as the Immaculate Conception. ... Saint Mary and Saint Mary the Virgin both redirect here. ... The Council of Constance was an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, called by the Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, the pope recently elected at Pisa. ...

Princely patronage

As a civic patron in Rome, even the anti-papal chronicler Stefano Infessura agreed that Sixtus IV should be admired. The dedicatory inscription in the fresco by Melozzo da Forlì in the Vatican Palace records: "You gave your city temples, streets, squares, fortifications, bridges and restored the Acqua Vergine as far as the Trevi..." In addition to restoring the aqueduct that provided Rome an alternative to the river water that had made the city famously unhealthy, he restored or rebuilt over 30 of Rome's dilapidated churches, among them San Vitale (1475) and Santa Maria del Popolo, and added seven new ones. The Sistine Chapel was sponsored by Sixtus IV, as was the Ponte Sisto, the Sistine Bridge – the first new bridge across the Tiber since antiquity – and the building of Via Sistina (later named Borgo Sant'Angelo), a road leading from Castel Sant'Angelo to Saint Peter. All this was done to facilitate the integration of the Vatican Hill and Borgo with the heart of old Rome. This was part of a broader scheme of urbanization carried out under Sixtus IV, who swept the long-established markets from the Campidoglio in 1477 and decreed in a bull of 1480 the widening of streets and the first post-Roman paving, the removal of porticoes and other post-classical impediments to free public passage. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2407, 688 KB) Description: Title: de: Papst Sixtus IV. ernennt Platina zum PrÃ¤fekten der Bibliothek Technique: de: Fresko, auf Leinwand Ã¼bertragen Dimensions: Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Rom Current location (gallery): de: Pinacoteca Vaticana Other notes... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x2407, 688 KB) Description: Title: de: Papst Sixtus IV. ernennt Platina zum PrÃ¤fekten der Bibliothek Technique: de: Fresko, auf Leinwand Ã¼bertragen Dimensions: Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Rom Current location (gallery): de: Pinacoteca Vaticana Other notes... Stefano Infessura (Rome, ca 1435- ca 1500), an antipapal humanist lawyer is remembered through his Diary of the City of Rome, a gossipy chronicle of events at Rome. ... Melozzo da ForlÃ¬ Melozzo da ForlÃ¬ (ForlÃ¬, Italy, c. ... The Palace of the Vatican, also called the Papal Palace or the Apostolic Palace, is the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. ... The Aqua Virgo (also known as the Acqua Vergine) was one of the 11 aqueducts that supplied the city of ancient Rome. ... Trevi Fountain at night. ... 5<sup>Superscript text</sup>7<blockquote> Block quote </blockquote>{| class=class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |-{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |- | row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 | row 1, cell 3 |- | row 2... The Sistine Chapel (Italian: Cappella Sistina) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in the Vatican City. ... Tiber River in Rome The Tiber (Italian Tevere, Latin Tiberis), the third-longest river in Italy at 406 km (252 miles) after the Po and the Adige, flows through Rome in its course from Mount Fumaiolo to the Tyrrhenian Sea, which it reaches in two branches that cross the suburbs... Castel SantAngelo from the bridge. ... The Vatican Hill (in Latin, Vaticanus Mons) is the name given, long before the founding of Christianity, to one of the hills on the side of the Tiber opposite the traditional seven hills of Rome. ... Logo of the rione Borgo is the XIV rione of Rome. ... The Capitoline Hill (Capitolinus Mons), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the most famous and smallest of the seven hills of Rome. ... Events January 5 - Battle of Nancy - Charles the Bold of Burgundy is again defeated, and this time is killed. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ...

At the beginning of his papacy in 1471, Sixtus IV donated several historically important Roman sculptures that founded a papal collection of art that would eventually develop into the collections of the Capitoline Museums. He also refounded, enriched and enlarged the Vatican Library. He had Regiomontanus attempt the first sanctioned reorganization of the Julian calendar and called Josquin des Prez to Rome for his music. This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... Michelangelos design for Capitoline Hill, now home to the Capitoline Museums. ... The Vatican Library (Latin: Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana) is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. ... Johannes MÃ¼ller von KÃ¶nigsberg (June 6, 1436 â€“ July 6, 1476), known by his Latin pseudonym Regiomontanus, was an important German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. ... The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ... Josquin des Prez Josquin Des Prez (French rendering of Dutch Josken, diminutive of Joseph; latinized Josquinus Pratensis, alternatively Jodocus Pratensis) (c. ...

His bronze funerary monument, now in the basement Treasury of St. Peter's Basilica, like a giant casket of goldsmith's work, is by Antonio Pollaiuolo. The top of the casket is a lifelike depiction of the pope lying in state. Around the sides are bas relief panels, depicting with allegorical female figures the arts and sciences (Grammar, Rhetoric, Arithmetic, Geometry, Music, Painting, Astronomy, Philosophy, and Theology). Each figure incorporates the oak tree ("rovere" in Italian) symbol of Sixtus IV. The overall program of these panels, their beauty, complex symbolism, classical references, and arrangement relative to each other is one of the most compelling and comprehesive illustrations of the Renaissance worldview. This article is about the famous building in Rome. ... Apollo and Daphne by Antonio Pollaiuolo Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo (c. ...

In addition to being a patron of the arts, Sixtus IV was a patron of the sciences. Before becoming Pope, spent time at the then very liberal and cosmopolitan University of Padua, which maintained considerable independence from the Church and had a very international character. As pope, he issued a papal bull allowing local bishops to give the bodies of executed criminals and unidentified corpses to physicians and artists for dissection. It was this access to corpses which allowed the anatomist Vesalius along with Titian's pupil Jan Stephen van Calcar to complete the revolutionary medical/anatomical text De humani corporis fabrica. Gymnasivm Patavinum: The Universitys main Bo palace shown in a 1654 woodcut The University of Padua (UniversitÃ degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is one of the most well-renowned universities in Italy. ... Andreas Vesalius (portrait from the Fabrica). ... Titians self-portrait, 1566. ... Jan Steven(szoon) Van Calcar 1499-1545 c. ... The title page of the Fabrica. ...

The cardinals of Sixtus IV

At the death of Sixtus IV, the conclave of cardinals that met to elect his successor numbered thirty-two surviving cardinals, a greater number than at any time since the close of the twelfth century, excepting perhaps for the multiplied rival cardinalatial colleges of the Great Schism (1378–1417). Of the thirty-two, only three cardinals survived from before Pope Paul II: the two nephews of Pope Calixtus III (1455–1458), Rodrigo and Luis Borgia, and the nephew of Pope Pius II (1458–1464), Francesco di Nanni Todeschini de' Piccolomini. Six further cardinals survived from the pontificate of Paul II: Thomas Bourchier, Oliviero Carafa, Marco Barbo, Jean Balue, Giovanni Battista Zeno and Giovanni Michiel. The remaining twenty-three had been made cardinals by Sixtus IV, and the roster of the princely houses of Italy, France and Spain echoes the chronicles of Renaissance history: Giuliano della Rovere, Stefano Nardini, Pedro Gonsalvez de Mendoza, Giovanni Battista Cybo (later Pope Innocent VIII), Giovanni Arcimboldi, Philibert Hugonet, Giorgio da Costa, Charles de Bourbon l'ancien, Pierre de Foix le jeune, Girolamo Basso della Rovere, Gabriele Rangoni, Pietro Foscari, Juan of Aragon, Raffaele Sansoni Riario, Domenico della Rovere, Paolo Fregoso, Giovanni Battista Savelli, Giovanni Colonna, Giovanni Conti, Juan Moles de Margarit, Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati, Giovanni Battista Orsini, and Ascanio Maria Sforza-Visconti. conÂ·clave (knklv, kng-) n. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... The term Great Schism refers to either of two splits in the history of Christianity: Most commonly, it refers to the great East-West Schism, the event that separated Eastern Orthodoxy and Western Roman Catholicism in the eleventh century (1054). ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 â€“ July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Callixtus III, né Alphonso de Borgia (December 31, 1378 - August 6, 1458) was born in Xàtiva, Valencia, Spain and was pope from April 8, 1455 to August 6, 1458. ... Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Latin Aeneas Sylvius), (October 18, 1405 â€“ August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ... Oliviero Carafa (1430 - 20 January 1511) was an Italian Cardinal and diplomat of the Renaissance. ... Jean Balue (c. ... Giovanni Battista Zeno or Zen (died May 7, 1501) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church. ... Pope Julius II Julius II, né Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 - February 21, 1513), was pope from 1503 to 1513. ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 â€“ July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Girolamo Basso della Rovere (died September 1, 1507) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic church. ... Juan of Aragon (* June 28, 1478; â€ October 4, 1497)- married Margaret of Austria (1480-1530), died after 6 months marriage without offspring ... Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario (May 3, 1461 â€“ July 9, 1521) was an Italian Cardinal of the Renaissance, mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the one who called Michelangelo in Rome. ... Giovanni Colonna (born 1934) is a contemporary Italian scholar of ancient Italy and, in particular, the Etruscan civilization. ... Giovanni Conti (b. ... His eminence Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati (died December 9, 1497) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Notes

Categories: 1414 births | 1484 deaths | People from the Province of Savona | Italian popes | Franciscans Francesco Maria I della Rovere (March 22, 1490 - October 20, 1538) was an Italian condottiero, who was Duke of Urbino from 1508 until 1538. ... Guidobaldo (Guido Ubaldo) da Montefeltro also known as Guidobaldo I (1472 â€“ April 10, 1508) succeeded his father Federico da Montefeltro as Duke of Urbino in 1482. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 â€“ July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Popes buried in St. ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 â€“ July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... The Pope (or Pope of Rome) (from Latin: papa, Papa, father; from Greek: papas / = priest originating from Ï€Î±Ï„Î®Ï = father )[1] is the Bishop of Rome and the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... Image File history File links Emblem_of_the_Papacy. ... Saint Peter, also known as Simon ben Jonah/BarJonah, Simon Peter, Cephas and Kepha â€” original name Simon or Simeon (Acts 15:14) â€” was one of the Twelve Apostles whom Jesus chose as his original disciples. ... Pope Saint Linus (d. ... Anacletus, or Anencletus, was the third pope (after St Peter and St Linus). ... Pope Clement I, the bishop of Rome from roughly 88-98 AD who is also called Clement of Rome and Clemens Romanus, is considered to be the fourth pope, after Anacletus, according to Catholic tradition. ... Pope Evaristus was Pope from about 98 to 105 (99 to 108 in the Vaticans Annuario Pontificio of 2003). ... Alexander I was Pope from about 106 to 115. ... Sixtus I was a second-century pope for about ten years, succeeding Pope Alexander I. In the oldest documents, Xystus is the spelling used for the first three popes of that name. ... Telesphorus (feast day: January 5) was Pope from about 126 to about 137. ... Hyginus (feast day: January 11) was Pope from about 138 to about 140. ... Pope Pius I was pope, perhaps from 140 to 154, though the Vaticans 2003 Annuario Pontificio lists 142 or 146 to 157 or 161. ... Anicetus was pope from about 154 to about 167 (the Vaticans list cites 150 or 157 to 153 or 168). ... Pope Soter, sometimes known as the Pope of Charity, was pope from 166 to 174 (the Vatican cites 162 or 168 to 170 or 177). ... Pope Eleuterus (or Eleutherius) was pope from about 174 to 189 (the Vatican cites 171 or 177 to 185 or 193). ... Saint Victor I was Pope from 189 to 199 (the Vatican cites 186 or 189 to 197 or 201). ... Pope Zephyrinus was pope from about 199 to 217. ... Callixtus I (also Callistus I) was pope from about 217 to 222, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. ... Pope Urban, pope (222-230), Born in Rome, Italy, came to the see of Rome in the year that Roman Emperor Elagabalus was assassinated and served during the reign of Emperor Alexander Severus. ... Pontian (or Pontianus), was pope from July 21, 230 to September 28, 235. ... Pope Anterus, the 19th Pope (Reign: November 21, 235 - January 3, 236), succeeded Pope Pontian, who had been deported from Rome along with the antipope Hippolytus to Sardinia. ... Saint Fabian (died 250; feast day: January 20), pope and martyr, was chosen pope, or bishop of Rome, in January 236 in succession to Pope Anterus. ... Cornelius was elected pope on either March 6 or March 13, 251 during the lull in the persecution of the Roman Emperor Decius. ... Lucius I was pope for eight months (253-254). ... Stephen I, pope (about March 12, 254 to August 2, 257). ... Sixtus II was pope from August 30, 257 to August 6, 258, following Stephen I as bishop of Rome in 257. ... Pope Dionysius was pope from July 22, 259 to December 26, 268. ... Felix I, pope (January 5, 269 - December 30, 274), a Roman by birth, succeeded Dionysius after his death on December 26, 268 as Pope, being elected in January 269. ... Eutychian or Eutychianus was pope from January 4, 275 to December 7, 283 (according to the Annuario Pontificio of 2003). ... Saint Caius or Gaius was pope from 283 until his death in 296. ... Pope Marcellinus, according to the Liberian Catalogue, became bishop of Rome on June 30, 296; his predecessor was Pope Caius. ... Marcellus I, pope, succeeded Marcellinus, after a considerable interval, most probably in May 307; under Maxentius he was banished from Rome in 309 on account of the tumult caused by the severity of the penances he had imposed on Christians who had lapsed under the recent persecution. ... Eusebius (Greek word: euseves=pious) was a Pope in the year 309 or 310. ... Miltiades, or Melchiades (other forms of the name being Meltiades, Melciades, Milciades, and Miltides) was Pope from July 10, 310 or 311 to January 10 or 11, 314. ... Pope Silvester I (or Sylvester) was pope from January 314 to December 31, 335, succeeding Pope Miltiades. ... Mark (in Latin : Marcus) was pope in the year 336. ... Julius I, pope from 337 to 352, was a native of Rome and was chosen as successor of Marcus after the Roman see had been vacant four months. ... Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, was the earliest pope who did not become a saint. ... Pope Damasus I ( 305-383) was Pope from 366. ... St. ... Anastasius I was pope from November 27, 399-401. ... Saint Innocent I, pope (402 - 417), was, according to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, the son of a man called Innocent of Albano; but according to his contemporary Jerome, his father was Pope Anastasius I, whom he was called by the unanimous voice of the clergy and laity to... This article is on the pope. ... Boniface I was pope from 418 to 422. ... Saint Celestine I was pope from 422 to 432. ... Sixtus III (d. ... Pope Leo I was a Roman aristocrat who was Pope from 440 to 461. ... Pope Hilarius (also Hilarus, Hilary) was Pope from 461 to February 28, 468). ... Pope Simplicius was pope from 468 to March 10, 483. ... Felix III was pope from March 13, 483 to 492. ... Gelasius I was Pope (492 - 496). ... Anastasius II (died November 16, 498) was pope from November 24, 496 to his death. ... Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514. ... Pope Hormisdas was Pope from July 20, 514 to 523. ... John I was Pope from 523 to 526. ... Felix IV was Pope from 526 to 530. ... Boniface II was Pope from 530 to 532. ... John II (born Mercurius) was Pope from 533 to 535. ... Agapetus I, or Agapitus I, pope (535 - 536), was the son of Gordian, a priest who had been slain during the riots in the days of Pope Symmachus. ... Silverius, Pope (536 - 537), was a legitimate son of Pope Hormisdas, born before his father entered the priesthood. ... Vigilius was Pope from 537 to 555. ... Pelagius I, Pope (556 - 561 March 3), came from a Roman noble family. ... John III was pope from 561 to 574. ... Benedict I (died July 30, 579) was pope from June 2, 575 to his death. ... Pelagius II was pope from 579 to 590. ... Saint Gregory redirects here. ... Sabinian (died February 22, 606) was pope from 604 to 606. ... Boniface III was Pope from February 19 to November 12, 607. ... Boniface IV (ca. ... St. ... Boniface V (died October 25, 625) was pope from 619 to 625. ... Honorius I (died October 12, 638) was pope from 625 to 638. ... Severinus was pope in the year 640. ... John IV was a native of Dalmatia, and the son of the scholasticus (advocate) Venantius. ... Theodore I (d. ... Martin I, born near Todi, Umbria in the place now named after him Pian S. Martino, was pope from 649 to 655, succeeding Theodore I in June or July 649. ... Eugene I, pope (655-657), was a native of Rome. ... Vitalianus (died January 27, 672) was Pope from 657 - 672. ... Adeodatus (also known as Adeodatus II) reigned as pope from 672 to 676. ... Pope Donus Donus (died April 11, 678) was pope from November 2, 676 to his death. ... Agatho (born 577?, died 10 January 681) was pope from 678 to 681. ... Leo II, pope from August 682 to July 683, was a Sicilian by birth, and succeeded Agatho. ... Pope Benedict II was pope from 684 to 685. ... John V, pope from 685 to August 2, 686, was a Syrian by birth, and on account of his knowledge of Greek had in 680 been named papal legate to the Sixth Ecumenical Council at Constantinople. ... Conon (unknown - September 21, 687) was Pope from October 21, 686 until his death on September 21, 687, in Rome. ... Sergius I (d. ... John VI, pope from 701 to 705, was a native of Greece, and succeeded to the papal chair two months after the death of Sergius I. He assisted the exarch Theophylact, who had been sent to Italy by the emperor Justinian II, and prevented him from using violence against the... John VII, pope from 705 to 707, successor of John VI, was also of Greek nationality. ... Sisinnius (died February 4, 708) was Pope for about three weeks in 708. ... Constantinus (d. ... Saint Gregory II, pope from 715 or 716 to February 11, 731, succeeded Pope Constantine, his election being variously dated May 19, 715, and March 21, 716. ... Pope Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731. ... Pope Zachary (in Greek : Zacharias), pope (741-752), from a Greek family of Calabria, appears to have been on intimate terms with Gregory III, whom he succeeded (November 741). ... Stephen, elected pope in March of 752 to succeed Pope Zacharias, died of apoplexy three days later, before being consecrated. ... Paul I was Pope from May 29, 757- June 28, 767. ... Stephen III (d. ... Adrian, or Hadrian I, (died December 25, 795) was pope from 772 to 795. ... Leo III (died June 12, 816) was Pope from 795 to 816. ... Stephen IV, (720 â€“ January 24, 772), pope August 1, 768 â€“ January 24, 772, was a native of Sicily. ... Saint Paschal I was pope from 817 to February 11, 824. ... Eugene II, (or Eugenius), pope (824-827) was a native of Rome and was chosen to succeed Paschal I. Another candidate, Zinzinnus, was proposed by the plebeian faction, and the presence of Lothar, son of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious was necessary in order to maintain the authority of... Valentinus, or Valentine, pope for thirty or forty days in 827, was a Roman by birth, and, according to the Liber Pontificalis, was first made a deacon by Paschal I (817-824). ... Gregory IV, pope (827-844), was chosen to succeed Valentinus in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious in the most unequivocal manner. ... Sergius II, was Pope from 844-847. ... Leo IV, pope from 847 to 855, was a Roman by birth, and was unanimously chosen to succeed Sergius II. His pontificate was chiefly distinguished by his efforts to repair the damage done by the Saracens during the reign of his predecessor to various churches of the city, especially those... Benedict III was Pope from 855 to 7 April 858. ... Nicholas I,(Rome c. ... Adrian II (also known as Hadrian II), (792â€“872), pope from 867 to 872, was a member of a noble Roman family, and became pope in 867, at an advanced age. ... John VIII was pope from 872 to 882. ... Marinus I (or Martin II), Pope between December 16, 882- May 15, 884. ... Adrian III (also known as Hadrian III) was Pope from May 17, 884 to September, 885. ... Stephen V, Pope from June 816-January 817, succeeded Leo III, whose policy he continued. ... Jean-Paul Laurens, Le Pape Formose et Etienne VII (1870). ... Boniface VI, pope, a native of Rome, was elected in April 896 as a result of riots soon after the death of Pope Formosus. ... Stephen VI, pope (885-891), succeeded Pope Adrian III, and was in turn succeeded by Pope Formosus. ... Romanus, was Pope from August 897 to November 897. ... Theodore II was the son of Photius. ... John IX, Pope from 898 to 900, not only confirmed the judgment of his predecessor Pope Theodore II (897) in granting Christian burial to Pope Formosus (891â€“896), but at a council held at Ravenna decreed that the records of the synod which had condemned him should be burned. ... Benedict IV was pope from ca. ... Leo V, a native of Ardea, was Pope for some thirty days in 903 after the death of Pope Benedict IV (900â€“903). ... Pope Sergius III, scion of Benedictus, of a noble Roman family, reigned in two intervals between 897 and April 14, 911, during a period of feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, where the Papacy was a pawn of warring aristocratic factions. ... Anastasius III, pope from September 911 to November 913, was a Roman by birth. ... Pope Lando was elected pope in either July or August of 913, and was therefore Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. ... John X, Pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of Ravenna. ... The Roman Leo VI succeeded John X as pope in 928, and reigned seven months and a few days -- the exact dates are not known. ... Stephen VII, was Pope from May 896 to July or August 897. ... John XI (910?â€“936) was a pope from 931 to 936. ... Leo VII (died July 13, 939), Pope from January 3, 936 until his death in 939, was preceded by Pope John XI (931â€“935), and followed by Pope Stephen VIII (939â€“942). ... Stephen VII (VIII), pope (December, 928-931). ... Marinus II (Martin III), born in Rome, was Pope from 942 to 946. ... Agapetus II (died November 8, 955) was Pope from May 10, 946 until his death in 955, at the time when Alberic, son of Marozia, was governing the independent republic of Rome under the title of prince and senator of the Romans. ... John XII (born in Rome circa 937, died May 14, 964), was Pope from 955 to 963, was the son of Alberic II, whom he succeeded as patrician of Rome in 954, being then only eighteen years of age. ... Leo VIII (died 965), Pope from 963 to 964, a Roman by birth, held the lay office of protoserinus when he was elected to the papal chair at the instance of Otto the Great, by the Roman synod which deposed John XII in December 963. ... Benedict V (born in Rome; died July 4, 965), Pope (22 May 964 - 23 June 964), was elected by the Romans on the death of John XII. However the Roman emperor Otto I did not approve of the choice and had him deposed after only a month, and the ex... John XIII of Crescenzi family (born in Rome; died September 6, 972) served as Pope from October 1, 965 until his death. ... Benedict VI, Pope (born in Rome, 972 - 974), was chosen with great ceremony and installed as pope under the protection of the Emperor Otto the Great. ... Benedict VII (born in Rome, the son of David, and previously Bishop of Sutri; died 983) belonged to the noble family of the counts of Tusculum. ... John XIV (died August 20, 984), Pope from 983 to 984, successor to Benedict VII, was born at Pavia, and before his elevation to the papal chair was imperial chancellor of Otto II, and was the latters second choice. ... John XV, pope from 984 to 996, generally recognized as the successor of Boniface VII, the pope John who was said to have ruled for four months after John XIV, being now omitted by the best authorities. ... Gregory V, nÃ© Bruno ( 972 â€“ February 18, 999), Pope from May 3, 996 to February 18, 999, son of the Salian Otto I, Duke of Carinthia, who was a grandson of the Emperor Otto I the Great (936â€“973). ... Gerbert of Aurillac, later known as pope Silvester II, (or Sylvester II), (ca. ... John XVII, né Sicco (died November 6, 1003), was a native of Rome who succeeded Silvester II as pope on June 13, 1003, but died less than five months later. ... John XVIII, born Fasanius (died June 1009), the son of a Roman priest named Leo, was pope from 1003 to 1009, was, during his whole pontificate, the mere creature of the current head of the Crescentii clan who controlled Rome, the patricius (an aristocratic military leader) Johannes Crescentius III. The... Sergius IV, nÃ© Pietro Boccapecora (born in Rome, died May 12, 1012) was pope from July 31, 1009 until his death. ... Benedict VIII, nÃ© Theophylactus (born in Rome, died April 9, 1024), pope (1012-1024), of the noble family of the counts of Tusculum (son of Gregory, Count of Tusculum, and Maria, and brother of John XIX), descended from Theophylact, Count of Tusculum like his predecessor Benedict VI, was opposed by... John XIX (born in Rome, died October 1032), born Romanus, was Pope from 1024 to 1032. ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... Silvester III (or Sylvester), nÃ© John (born in Rome; probably died in 1062 or 1063); was pope in 1045. ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... For the antipope of the same name, see antipope Gregory VI Gregory VI, nÃ© John Gratian, date of birth unknown; elected 1 May 1045; abdicated at the Council of Sutri on 20 December 1046; died probably at Cologne, in the beginning of 1048. ... Clement II, nÃ© Suidger of Morsleben (born Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, 1005 â€“ died October 9, 1047), Pope from December 25, 1046 to October 9, 1047). ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... Damasus II (died August 9, 1048), born Poppo, Pope from July 17, 1048 to August 9, 1048, was the second of the German pontiffs nominated by Emperor Henry III (1039â€“56). ... Leo IX, born Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg (June 21, 1002 â€“ April 19, 1054) was Pope from February 12, 1049 to his death. ... Victor II (c. ... Pope Stephen IX, orignally Archdeacon Frederick of Leige was a native of Germany, was pope from about July 14, 939 until his death towards the end of October, 942. ... Nicholas II, born GÃ©rard de Bourgogne (died July 19 or July 27, 1061), Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election Bishop of Florence. ... Alexander II (died April 21, 1073), born Anselmo da Baggio , Pope from 1061 to 1073, was a native of Milan. ... Pope Gregory VII (c. ... The Blessed Victor III, born as Dauferius (Benevento, 1026? â€“ September 16, 1087), Pope (May 24, 1086 until his death), was the successor of Pope Gregory VII (1073â€“85). ... Pope Urban II (1042 â€“ July 29, 1099), born Otho of Lagery (alternatively: Otto or Odo), was a Pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099. ... Paschal II, nÃ© Ranierius (born in Bleda, near ForlÃ¬, Romagna - d. ... Gelasius II (died January 29, 1119), born Giovanni Coniulo, was Pope from January 24, 1118 to January 29, 1119. ... Callixtus II (or Calistus II), born Guido of Vienne (died December 13, 1124), the son of William I, Count of Burgundy (1057â€“87), was elected Pope on February 2, 1119, after the death of Pope Gelasius II (1118â€“19). ... Pope Honorius II should not be confused with Antipope Honorius II, otherwise known as Peter Cadalus. ... Pope Innocent II (died September 24, 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was Pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna). ... Celestine II, born Guido di Castello (d. ... Lucius II, neÃ© Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso (died February 15, 1145) was Pope from March 12, 1144 until his death. ... The Blessed Eugene III, né Bernardo Pignatelli (d. ... Anastasius IV, nÃ© Corrado di Suburra or della Suburra (d. ... Pope Adrian IV (c. ... Alexander III, nÃ© Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... Lucius III, nÃ© Ubaldo Allucingoli (1097 â€“ November 25, 1185), was pope from September 1, 1181 to his death. ... Urban III, nÃ© Uberto Crivelli (d. ... Pope Gregory VIII (ca. ... Clement III, born Paulino Scolari (or Paolo) (b. ... Celestine III, nÃ© Giacinto Bobone (Rome, ca. ... Pope Innocent III (c. ... Honorius III, nÃ© Cencio Savelli (Rome, 1148 â€“ March 18, 1227 in Rome), was Pope from 1216 to 1227. ... Papal Arms of Pope Gregory IX. Gregory IX, nÃ© Ugolino di Conti (Anagni, ca. ... Pope Celestine IV (died November 10, 1241 in Rome), born Goffredo da Castiglione, was pope from October 25, 1241 to November 10, 1241. ... Pope Innocent IV (Manarola, 1180/90 â€“ Naples, December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo de Fieschi, Pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to the feudal nobility of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna. ... Alexander IV, nÃ© Rinaldo Conti (Anagni, ca. ... Urban IV, born Jacques PantalÃ©on (Troyes, ca. ... Clement IV, nÃ© Gui Faucoi le Gros ( Guy Foulques the Fat or Guido le Gros) (Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, November 23, year uncertain â€“ Viterbo, November 29, 1268), was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call... Gregory X, nÃ© Theobald Visconti (Piacenza, ca. ... Innocent V, nÃ© Pierre de Tarentaise (Hamlet of Friburge - Champagny en Vanoise, Savoy, ca. ... Adrian V (also known as Hadrian V), nÃ© Ottobuono de Fieschi (c. ... Pope John XXI (1215 â€“ May 20, 1277), born Pedro JuliÃ£o, a Portuguese also called Pedro Hispano (Latin, Petrus Hispanus), was Pope from 1276 until his death. ... . Nicholas III, nÃ© Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (Rome, ca. ... Martin IV, nÃ© Simon de Brion (ca. ... Honorius IV, nÃ© Giacomo Savelli (Rome, ca. ... Nicholas IV, nÃ© Girolamo Masci (Lisciano, a small village near Ascoli Piceno, September 30, 1227 â€“ April 4, 1292), was Pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. ... Pope Celestine V (1215 â€“ May 19, 1296), born Pietro Angelerio, also known as Pietro del Morrone (according to some sources Angelario or Angelieri or Angelliero or Angeleri), was elected Pope in the year 1294. ... Boniface VIII, nÃ© Benedetto Caetani (Anagni, c. ... Pope Benedict XI (Treviso, 1240 â€“ July 7, 1304), born Nicholas Boccasini, Pope from 1303 to 1304, succeeded Pope Boniface VIII (1294â€“1303), but was unable to carry out his policies. ... Clement V, born Bertrand de Goth (also occasionally spelled Gouth and Got) (1264 â€“ April 20, 1314), was Pope from 1305 to his death. ... Pope John XXII, born Jacques DuÃ¨ze or dEuse (1249 â€“ December 4, 1334), was the son of a shoemaker in Cahors. ... Benedict XII, nÃ© Jacques Fournier ( 1280s â€“ April 25, 1342), was Pope from 1334 to 1342. ... Clement VI, nÃ© Pierre Roger (1291 â€“ December 6, 1352), the fourth of the Avignon Popes, was elected in May 1342, and reigned until his death. ... Innocent VI, nÃ© Ã‰tienne Aubert (1282 or 1295 â€“ September 12, 1362), Pope at Avignon from 1352 to 1362, the successor of Pope Clement VI (1342â€“52), was a native of the hamlet of Les Monts, diocese of Limoges (today part of the commune of Beyssac, dÃ©partement of CorrÃ¨ze... Blessed Urban V, nÃ© Guillaume Grimoard (1310 â€“ December 19, 1370), Pope from 1362 to 1370, was a native of Grizac in Languedoc (today part of the commune of Le Pont-de-Montvert, dÃ©partement of LozÃ¨re). ... Gregory XI, nÃ© Pierre Roger de Beaufort (ca. ... Pope Urban VI (Naples c. ... Boniface IX, nÃ© Piero Tomacelli (1356 â€“ October 1, 1404), was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389 â€“ until October 1, 1404). ... Innocent VII, nÃ© Cosimo de Migliorati (ca. ... Gregory XII, nÃ© Angelo Correr or Corraro (died October 18, 1417), Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII (1404â€“06) on November 30, 1406, having been chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals, under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII (1394â€“1423... Martin V, nÃ© Oddone Colonna or Odo Colonna (1368 â€“ February 20, 1431), Pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St. ... Eugenius IV, né Gabriel Condulmer (1383 - February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ... Nicholas V, nÃ© Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397 â€“ March 24, 1455) was Pope from March 6, 1447, to his death. ... Calistus and Calixtus III redirect here. ... Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Latin Aeneas Sylvius), (October 18, 1405 â€“ August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 â€“ July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 â€“ July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â€“ 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... Pope Pius III (May 9, 1439 â€“ October 18, 1503), born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... Pope Julius II (December 5, 1443 â€“ February 21, 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. ... Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 â€“ 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... The house where Adrian VI was born Adrian VI (also known as Hadrian VI or Adriano VI), born Adrian dEdel (March 2, 1459 - September 14, 1523), pope from 1522 to 1523, was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and studied under the Brethren of the Common Life either at Zwolle... For the antipope (1378â€“1394) see antipope Clement VII and other Popes named Clement see Pope Clement. ... Pope Paul III (February 29, 1468 â€“ November 10, 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope from 1534 to 1549. ... Pope Julius III (September 10, 1487 â€“ March 23, 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from February 7, 1550 to 1555. ... Marcellus II, nÃ© Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi (May 6, 1501 â€“ May 1, 1555), cardinal of Santa Croce, a native of the area of Ancona, Italy, was elected pope to succeed Julius III on April 9, 1555. ... Paul IV, nÃ© Giovanni Pietro Carafa (June 28, 1476 â€“ August 18, 1559) was Pope from May 23, 1555 until his death. ... Pius IV, nÃ© Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 â€“ December 9, 1565), pope from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan, unrelated with the Medicis of Florence. ... Saint Pius V, nÃ© Antonio Ghislieri, from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri (January 17, 1504 â€“ May 1, 1572) was pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Catholic Church. ... Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 â€“ April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585. ... Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 â€“ August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti, was Pope from 1585 to 1590. ... Pope Urban VII (August 4, 1521 â€“ September 27, 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope for thirteen days in September 1590. ... Pope Gregory XIV (February 11, 1535 â€“ October 16, 1591), born NiccolÃ² Sfondrati, was Pope from December 5, 1590 â€“ October 16, 1591. ... Pope Innocent IX (July 20, 1519 â€“ December 30, 1591), born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, who was born to a modest working family in the mountainous comune of Cravegna, in the diocese of Novara, northern Italy, was a Canon Lawyer, diplomat, and chief administrator during the reign of Pope Gregory XIV (1590... Clement VIII, born Ippolito Aldobrandini (Fano, Italy, February 24, 1536 â€“ March 3, 1605 in Rome) was Pope from January 30, 1592 to March 3, 1605. ... Leo XI, nÃ© Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici (June 2, 1535, Florence â€“ April 27, 1605, Rome), was Pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year. ... Paul V, nÃ© Camillo Borghese (Rome, September 17, 1552 â€“ January 28, 1621) was Pope from May 16, 1605 until his death. ... Gregory XV, born Alessandro Ludovisi (January 9, 1554 â€“ July 8, 1623), Pope (1621-1623), born at Bologna, succeeded Paul V on February 9, 1621. ... Pope Urban VIII (April 1568 â€“ July 29, 1644), born Maffeo Barberini, was Pope from 1623 to 1644. ... Innocent X, born Giovanni Battista Pamphili (May 6, 1574 â€“ January 7, 1655) was Pope from 1644 to 1655. ... Alexander VII, nÃ© Fabio Chigi (February 13, 1599 â€“ May 22, 1667) was Pope from April 7, 1655 until his death in 1667. ... Clement IX, né Giulio Rospigliosi (January 28, 1600 - December 9, 1669) was pope from 1667 to 1669. ... Pope Clement X (July 13, 1590 â€“ July 22, 1676), born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29, 1670 to July 22, 1676. ... The Blessed Innocent XI, nÃ© Benedetto Odescalchi (May 16, 1611 â€“ August 12, 1689) was pope from 1676 to 1689. ... Alexander VIII, nÃ© Pietro Vito Ottoboni (April 22, 1610 - February 1, 1691), pope from 1689 to 1691, was born of a noble Venetian family, and was the son of Marco Ottoboni, chancellor of the Republic of Venice. ... Innocent XII, né Antonio Pignatelli (March 13, 1615 - September 27, 1700) pope from 1691 to 1700, was the successor of Alexander VIII. He came of a distinguished Naples family and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome. ... Clement XI, nÃ© Giovanni Francesco Albani (July 23, 1649 â€“ March 19, 1721) was pope from 1700 to 1721. ... Innocent XIII, nÃ© Michelangelo dei Conti (Poli, near Rome, May 13, 1655 â€“ March 7, 1724 in Rome), pope from 1721 to 1724, became cardinal under Clement XI in 1706. ... For Pedro de Luna, the last of the Avignon popes, see Antipope Benedict XIII. Benedict XIII, O.P., born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini (Gravina di Puglia, February 2, 1649 â€“ February 21, 1730), was pope from 1724 to 1730. ... Clement XII, born as Lorenzo Corsini (Florence, April 7, 1652 â€“ Rome, February 6, 1740), Pope from 1730 to 1740, had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs. ... Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (Bologna, March 31, 1675 â€“ May 3, 1758 in Rome), was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758. ... Clement XIII, born Carlo della Torre Rezzonico (Venice, March 7, 1693 â€“ Rome, February 2, 1769), was Pope from 1758 to 1769. ... Pope Clement XIV, born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli (Sant Arcangelo di Romagna, 31 October 1705 â€“ 22 September 1774 in Rome), was Pope from 1769 to 1774. ... Pius VI, born Giovanni Angelo Braschi (December 27, 1717 â€“ August 29, 1799), Pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena. ... Pope Pius VII, OSB (August 14, 1742â€”August 20, 1823), born Barnaba NiccolÃ² Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823. ... Pope Leo XII (August 22, 1760 â€“ February 10, 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, was Pope from 1823 to 1829. ... Pope Pius VIII (November 20, 1761 â€“ December 1, 1830), born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, was Pope from 1829 to 1830. ... Pope Gregory XVI (September 18, 1765 â€“ June 1, 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of the religious order of the Camaldolese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846. ... Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 â€“ February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878, making him the longest-reigning Pope since the Apostle St. ... Pope Leo XIII (March 2, 1810 â€“ July 20, 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, having succeeded Pope Pius IX (1846â€“78) on February 20, 1878 and reigning until his death in 1903. ... Pope St. ... Pope Benedict XV (Latin: ), (Italian: Benedetto XV), (November 21, 1854 â€“ January 22, 1922), born Giacomo della Chiesa, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from September 3, 1914 to January 22, 1922; he succeeded Pope Pius X (1903â€“14). ... Pope Pius XI (Latin: ) (May 31, 1857 â€“ February 10, 1939), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, reigned as Pope from February 6, 1922 and sovereign of Vatican City from 1929 until his death on February 10, 1939. ... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 â€“ October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State, from March 2, 1939 until his death. ... Blessed Pope John XXIII (Latin: ), (Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 â€“ June 3, 1963), was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... His Holiness Pope Paul VI (Latin: ), (Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 â€“ August 6, 1978), reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978. ... Pope John Paul I (in Latin ), born Albino Luciani (October 17, 1912 â€“ September 28, 1978), reigned as pope and as sovereign of Vatican City from August 26 to September 28, 1978. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II) born [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland â€“ April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as Pope of the Catholic... This article is becoming very long. ...

Contents

Biography

Princely patronage

The cardinals of Sixtus IV

Notes

References