República Portuguesa Portuguese Republic
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "A Portuguesa"
Location of  Portugal  (dark green) – on the European continent  (light green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (light green)  —  [ Legend] Image File history File links Flag_of_Portugal. ... The flag of Portugal consists of a rectangular (ratio 2:3) uneven vertical bicolor, that is, a field vertically divided into two unequal stripes of green, at the hoist, and red, at the fly. ... The Coat of Arms of Portugal was officially adopted in 30 June 1911, along with the Republican Flag of Portugal. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... A Portuguesa (pron. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 721 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2056 × 1710 pixel, file size: 176 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 721 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2056 × 1710 pixel, file size: 176 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Capital (and largest city)		Lisbon5 38°46′N, 9°11′W
Official languages		Portuguese1
Recognised regional languages		Mirandese
Demonym		Portuguese
Government		Parliamentary republic6
-	President	Aníbal Cavaco Silva
-	Prime Minister	José Sócrates
Formation		Conventional date for Independence is 1139
-	Founding	868
-	Re-founding	1095
-	De facto sovereignty	June 24, 1128
-	Kingdom	25 July 1139
-	Recognized	5 October 1143
-	Papal Recognition	1179
EU accession		1 January 1986
Area
-	Total	92,345 km² (110th) 35,645 sq mi
-	Water (%)	0.5
Population
-	July 2007 estimate	10,848,692 (75th)
-	2001 census	10,148,259
-	Density	114/km² (87th) 295/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2007 (IMF) estimate
-	Total	$230.6 billion (43rd)
-	Per capita	$23,464 (2007) (34th)
GDP (nominal)		2007 (IMF) estimate
-	Total	$223.3 billion (36th)
-	Per capita	$21,019 (32nd)
HDI (2005)		▼ 0.897 (high) (29th)
Currency		Euro (€)² (EUR)
Time zone		WET³
-	Summer (DST)	WEST (UTC0)
Internet TLD		.pt4
Calling code		+351
1	Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro), since then awarding an official right-of-use Mirandese to the linguistic minority it is concerned.[1] The Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized.
2	Before 1999: Portuguese escudo.
3	Azores: UTC-1; UTC in summer.
4	The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.
5	Coimbra was the capital of the country from 1139 to about 1260.
6	The present form of the Government was established by the Carnation Revolution of April 25, 1974, that ended the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo.

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa^[2]), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal. Not to be confused with capitol. ... As of 2005 Portugal has 10. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... A regional language is a language spoken in a part of a country, be it may be a small area, a federal state or province, or a wider area. ... The Mirandese language (Lhéngua Mirandesa in Mirandese; Língua Mirandesa or Mirandês in Portuguese) is spoken in northeastern Portugal. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Parliamentary republics around the world, shown in Orange (Parliamentary republics with a non-executive President) and Green (Parliamentary republics with an executive President linked to Parliament). ... Categories: Lists of office-holders | Portugal | Presidents of Portugal ... Aníbal António Cavaco Silva (pron. ... Prime Ministers of the Constitutional Monarchy (1834-1910) First Republic Military Dictatorship Estado Novo Third Republic See also: List of Presidents of Portugal, Politics of Portugal, Lists of incumbents This article contains content from HierarchyPedia article Prime Minister of Portugal, used here under the GNU Free Documentation License. ... José Sócrates de Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (pron. ... Condado de Portucale was the first county founded in Portugal. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Honorius II recognizes and confirms the Order of the Knights Templar. ... Anthem: O Hino da Carta (from 1834) The Kingdom of Portugal in 1561 Capital Lisbon¹ Language(s) Portuguese Religion Roman Catholic Government Monarchy King  - 1139-1185 Afonso I  - 1908-1910 Manuel II History  - Established 26 July, 1139  - Peninsular War 1808-1814  - Brazilian suzerainty 1815  - Brazilian independence October 12, 1822  - Revolution... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... July 26, Independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León and Castile declared after the Battle of Ourique against the Almoravids lead by Ali ibn Yusuf: Prince Afonso Henriques becomes Afonso I, King of Portugal, after assembling the first assembly of the estates-general of Portugal at Lamego, where... The Treaty of Zamora (1143) recognizes Portuguese independence from the Kingdom of Leon and Castille. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Events Manuel I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor. ... Manifestis Probatum was a 12th century papal bull in which Pope Alexander III recognised Afonso Henriques as the first king of Portugal. ... Austria Poland Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech   Rep. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... Map of countries by population for the year 2007 This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Look up Per capita in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ... World map of GDP (Nominal and PPP). ... Look up Per capita in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Map of countries by 2006 GDP (nominal) per capita (IMF, October 2007). ... This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ... This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... The euro (€; ISO 4217 code EUR) is the currency of twelve of the twenty-five nations that form the European Union (and four outside it, as well as Montenegro and Kosovo), which form the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Western European Time (WET, UTC+0) is the time zone covering parts of western and northwestern Europe, including the following countries and regions: Canary Islands, since 1946 (rest of Spain is CET, i. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... BST redirects here. ... UTC redirects here. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .pt is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Portugal and is managed by the Fundacao para a Computacao Cientifica Nacional (FCCN). ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... Portugal changed to a closed numbering plan in 1999. ... The Mirandese language (Lhéngua Mirandesa in Mirandese; Língua Mirandesa or Mirandês in Portuguese) is spoken in northeastern Portugal. ... District or region Bragança Mayor   - Party Manuel Martins PSD Area 487. ... Sign language interpreter on stage A sign language (also signed language) is a language which uses manual communication, body language and lip patterns instead of sound to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to express fluidly a speaker... The escudo was the official currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the euro in 1 January 1999 (euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). ... Motto:  (Portuguese for Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem:  (national)  (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Ethnic groups  Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy 1976  Area  -  Total 2,346 km² (n/a... ... European Summer Time is the daylight saving time practiced in Europe, the period during which clocks are reset by one hour in relation to the official time observed during the rest of the year. ... Location    - Country Portugal  - Region Centro  - Subregion Baixo Mondego  - District or A.R. Coimbra Mayor Carlos Encarnação  - Party PSD Area 319. ... The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese, Revolução dos Cravos) was an almost bloodless, leftist, military-led coup détat, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, that effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship to a liberal democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Estado Novo (Portuguese for New State; pron. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The Mergui Archipelago The Archipelago Sea, situated between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, the largest archipelago in the world by the number of islands. ... Portuguese) are an archipelago of Portuguese islands situated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, about 1,500 km from Lisbon and about 3,900 km from the east coast of North America. ... For other uses, see Madeira (disambiguation). ...

The land within the borders of today's Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times. Some of the earliest civilizations include Lusitanians and Celtic societies. Incorporation into the Roman Republic dominions took place in the 2nd century BC. The region was ruled and colonized by Germanic peoples, such as the Suebi and the Visigoths, from the 5th to the 8th century. From this era, some vestiges of the Alans were also found. The Muslim Moors arrived in the early 8th century and conquered the Christian Germanic kingdoms, eventually occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula. In the early 1100s, during the Christian Reconquista, Portugal appeared as a kingdom independent of its neighbour, the Kingdom of León and Galicia. In a little over a century, in 1249, Portugal would establish almost its entire modern-day borders by conquering territory from the Moors. The Prehistory of the Iberian peninsula begins with the arrival of the first hominins c. ... Central New York City. ... The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were a tribe, or various tribes, from the western Iberian peninsula (province of Lusitania), who spoke a Lusitanian language until the conquest of their territory by the Romans. ... This article is about the European people. ... This article is about the state which existed from the 6th century BC to the 1st century BC. For the state which existed in the 18th century, see Roman Republic (18th century). ... Thor/Donar, Germanic thunder god. ... Suebi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A votive crown belonging to Reccesuinth (653–672) The Visigoths (Latin: ) were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe, the Ostrogoths being the other. ... The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... For other uses, see moor. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... This is a historical timeline of Portugal. ... For other uses, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... Coat of arms Kingdom of León, 1030 Capital León Language(s) Mainly Latin and Astur-Leonese. ... ...

During the 15th and 16th centuries, with a global empire that included possessions in Africa, Asia and South America, Portugal was one of the world's major economic, political, and cultural powers. In the 17th century, the Portuguese Restoration War between Portugal and Spain ended the sixty year period of the Iberian Union (1580-1640). In the 19th century, armed conflict with French and Spanish invading forces and the loss of its largest territorial possession abroad, Brazil, disrupted political stability and potential economic growth. After the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution coup d'état in 1974, the ruling regime was deposed in Lisbon and the country handed over its last overseas provinces in Africa. Portugal's last overseas territory, Macau, was handed over to China in 1999. (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Portuguese Restoration War (Portuguese: guerras da restauração) is the war between Portugal and Spain after the revolt of December 1640. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Belligerents Portugal Angola (1961-74): MPLA UNITA FNLA Guinea-Bissau (1963-74): PAIGC Mozambique (1964-74): FRELIMO Strength 169,000 70,000 in Angola 42,000 in Guinea-Bissau 57,000 in Mozambique 20,000 6,500 in Angola 7,000 in Guinea-Bissau 6,500 in Mozambique Casualties and... The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese, Revolução dos Cravos) was an almost bloodless, leftist, military-led coup détat, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, that effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship to a liberal democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC... Coup redirects here. ...

Portugal is a developed country,^[3] has a high Human Development Index and is among the world's 20 highest rated countries in terms of quality of life,^[4] although having the lowest GDP per capita of Western European countries. It is a member of the European Union (since 1986) and the United Nations (since 1955); as well as a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (Community of Portuguese Language Countries, CPLP), European Union's Eurozone, and is also a Schengen state. World map indicating Human Development Index (as of 2004). ... Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people. ... Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a calculation method in national accounting (see Measures of national income and output) is defined as the total value of final goods and services produced within a countrys borders in a year, regardless of ownership. ... A current understanding of Western Europe. ... UN redirects here. ... The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (in French: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques; OCDE) is an international organisation of thirty countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy. ... This article is about the military alliance. ... Headquarters Lisbon, Portugal Official language Portuguese Membership 8 (plus 2 observers) Leaders  -  Executive Secretariat Luís de Matos Monteiro da Fonseca Establishment 1996 Website http://www. ... The Eurozone (less frequently called the Euro Area or Euroland) refers to a currency union among the European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency. ... For other uses, see Schengen. ...

History

Main article: History of Portugal

Main language areas in Iberia circa 200BC.

The early history of Portugal, whose name derives from the Roman name Portus Cale, is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula. The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visited by Phoenicians and Carthaginians, incorporated in the Roman Republic dominions (as Lusitania in 138 BC), settled again by Suevi, Buri, and Visigoths, and conquered by Moors. Other minor influences include some 5th century vestiges of Alan settlement, which were found in Alenquer, Coimbra and even Lisbon.^[5] In 868, during the Reconquista (by which Christians reconquered the Iberian peninsula from the Muslim and Moorish domination), the First County of Portugal was formed. A victory over the Muslims at Ourique in 1139 is traditionally taken as the occasion when Portugal is transformed from a county (County of Portugal as a fief of the Kingdom of León and Castile) into an independent kingdom. Portugal is a European nation whose origins go back to the Early Middle Ages. ... Portus Cale (Latin for Warm Port) was the old name of an ancient town and port in current day Portugal. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... Main language areas in Iberia circa 250 BC. This is a list of the Pre-Roman people of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania - modern Andorra, Portugal and Spain). ... Diachronic distribution of Celtic peoples:  core Hallstatt territory, by the 6th century BC  maximal Celtic expansion, by the 3rd century BC  the six Celtic nations which retained significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the Early Modern period  areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today Celts (pronounced or , see pronunciation... Gallaecia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were a tribe, or various tribes, from the western Iberian peninsula (province of Lusitania), who spoke a Lusitanian language until the conquest of their territory by the Romans. ... The Celtici were an ancient celtic tribe akin to the Lusitanians and Calaicians or Gallaeci, living in what today is the province of Alentejo in modern Portugal. ... Ancient Map of the Gulf of Cádiz. ... Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon and Syria. ... This article is about the ancient city-state of Carthage in North Africa. ... This article is about the state which existed from the 6th century BC to the 1st century BC. For the state which existed in the 18th century, see Roman Republic (18th century). ... In red is the province of Lusitania within the Roman Empire, AD 117 Lusitania was an ancient Roman province including approximately all of modern Portugal south of the Douro river, and part of modern Spain (the present autonomous community of Extremadura and a small part of the province of Salamanca). ... The Suebi or Suevi were a Germanic people whose origin was near the Baltic Sea . ... The Buri first appear in history as a Germanic tribe mentioned in the Germania of Tacitus, where they close the back of the Marcomanni and Quadi of Bohemia and Moravia. ... A votive crown belonging to Reccesuinth (653–672) The Visigoths (Latin: ) were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe, the Ostrogoths being the other. ... For other uses, see moor. ... The Alans, Alani, Alauni or Halani were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture. ... District or region Lisbon Mayor   - Party Álvaro Pedro PS Area 304. ... Location    - Country Portugal  - Region Centro  - Subregion Baixo Mondego  - District or A.R. Coimbra Mayor Carlos Encarnação  - Party PSD Area 319. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... History of Portugal series Prehistoric Portugal Pre-Roman Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia Visigoths and Suevi Moorish rule and Reconquista First County of Portugal Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal Second County of Portugal Establishment of the Monarchy Consolidation of the Monarchy 1383–1385 Crisis Discoveries Portuguese Empire 1580 Crisis Iberian... Coat of Arms Ourique is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 660. ... There are two Counties of Portugal in different periods of the History of the Iberian Peninsula: First County of Portugal formed by Vímara Peres that lasted from 868 to 1071. ... This is a List of Portuguese monarchs from the independence of Portugal from Castile in 1139, to the beginning of the Republic in October 5, 1910. ...

On June 24, 1128, the Battle of São Mamede occurred near Guimarães. At the Battle of São Mamede, Afonso Henriques, Count of Portugal, defeated his mother, Countess Teresa, and her lover, Fernão Peres de Trava, in battle - thereby establishing himself as sole leader. Afonso Henriques officially declared Portugal's independence when he proclaimed himself king of Portugal on July 25, 1139, after the Battle of Ourique, he was recognized as such in 1143 by Afonso VII, king of León and Castile, and in 1179 by Pope Alexander III. is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Honorius II recognizes and confirms the Order of the Knights Templar. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... District or region Braga Mayor   - Party Magalhães Silva PS Area 241. ... Afonso I, King of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ... Teresa, Countess of Portugal, a. ... Fernão Peres de Trava was a Galician nobleman. ... This is a list of Portuguese monarchs dating from the independence of Portugal from the kingdom of León in 1128 under Afonso Henriques, who proclaimed himself King in 1139, to the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic on October 5, 1910, during the reign of Manuel II, the Patriot, or... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... July 26, Independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León and Castile declared after the Battle of Ourique against the Almoravids lead by Ali ibn Yusuf: Prince Afonso Henriques becomes Afonso I, King of Portugal, after assembling the first assembly of the estates-general of Portugal at Lamego, where... The Battle of Ourique took place in July 26, 1139, in the countryside outside the town of Ourique, present-day Alentejo (southern Portugal). ... Alfonso VII. Alfonso VII (1 March 1105 – 21 August 1157), called the Emperor, became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King of León and Castile in 1126. ... Pope Alexander III (c. ...

Progress of the Christian Reconquista

Afonso Henriques and his successors, aided by military monastic orders, pushed southward to drive out the Moors, as the size of Portugal covered about half of its present area. In 1249, this Reconquista ended with the capture of the Algarve on the southern coast, giving Portugal its present day borders, with minor exceptions. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... The Order of Friars Minor is a major mendicant movement founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. ... For other uses, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... Algarve NUTS II region, and the district of Faro in Portugal. ...

In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world which is still in force. ...

In 1383, the king of Castile, husband of the daughter of the Portuguese king who had died without a male heir, claimed his throne. An ensuing popular revolt led to the 1383-1385 Crisis. A faction of petty noblemen and commoners, led by John of Aviz (later John I), seconded by General Nuno Álvares Pereira defeated the Castilians in the Battle of Aljubarrota. This celebrated battle is still a symbol of glory and the struggle for independence from neighboring Spain. History of Portugal Series Prehistoric Portugal Pre-Roman Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia Visigoths and Suevi Moorish rule and Reconquista First County of Portugal Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal Second County of Portugal Establishment of the Monarchy Consolidation of the Monarchy 1383-1385 Crisis Discoveries Portuguese Empire 1580 Crisis Iberian... Joao I KG (Portugues: João, IPA pron. ... NunÁlvares Pereira 1360-1431 Blessed Nuno Álvares Pereira (1360-1431), also spelled NunÁlvares Pereira, was a Portuguese General of great success with an decisive role in the 1383-1385 Crisis that assured Portugals independence of Castile. ... Belligerents Portugal with English allies Castile with Portuguese and French allies Commanders John I of Portugal Nuno Álvares Pereira John I of Castile Strength 6,500 men 31,000 men The Battle of Aljubarrota (pronounced ) took place on August 14, 1385, between the forces commanded by King John I of...

In the following decades, Portugal spearheaded the exploration of the world and undertook the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavor. For additional context, see History of Portugal and Portuguese Empire. ... The Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu (Porto, March 4, 1394 – Sagres, November 13, 1460); pron. ...

In 1415, Portugal gained the first of its overseas colonies when a fleet conquered Ceuta, a prosperous Islamic trade center in North Africa. There followed the first discoveries in the Atlantic: Madeira and the Azores, which led to the first colonization movements. Capital Ceuta City Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  28 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  75,861    2,709. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other uses, see Madeira (disambiguation). ... Motto:  (Portuguese for Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem:  (national)  (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Ethnic groups  Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy 1976  Area  -  Total 2,346 km² (n/a... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ...

An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). Red - true possessions; Pink - explorations, areas of influence and trade and claims of sovereignty; Blue - main sea explorations, routes and areas of influence. The disputed discovery of Australia is not shown.

Padrão dos Descobrimentos, a monument to Prince Henry the Navigator and the Portuguese Age of Discovery, Lisbon

Throughout the 15th century, Portuguese explorers sailed the coast of Africa, establishing trading posts for several common types of tradable commodities at the time, ranging from gold to slaves, as they looked for a route to India and its spices, which were coveted in Europe. In 1498, Vasco da Gama finally reached India and brought economic prosperity to Portugal and its then population of one million residents. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 43 KB, MIME type: image/png) An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 43 KB, MIME type: image/png) An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ... An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ... Jave La Grandes east coast: from Nicholas Vallards atlas, 1547. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1920x2560, 2765 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Portugal Padrão dos Descobrimentos ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1920x2560, 2765 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Portugal Padrão dos Descobrimentos ... Padrão dos Descobrimentos The Padrão dos Descobrimentos (Monument to the Discoveries) is a 52m high slab of concrete, located next to the River Tagus in the Belém district of Lisbon, Portugal. ... Infante Dom Henrique (4 March 1394 - 13 November 1460) was a prince of Portugal, often regarded as the most important figure in the early days of European colonial expansion. ... For additional context, see History of Portugal and Portuguese Empire. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... ĢÕãÒòùäÊŞ Ă ßõî ŔûñÑèđ òΝ ýëŗ pæŇţž This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... For other uses, see Vasco da Gama (disambiguation). ...

In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral, en route to India, discovered Brazil and claimed it for Portugal.^[6] Ten years later, Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Goa, in India, Ormuz in the Persian Strait, and Malacca in what is now a state in Malaysia. Thus, the Portuguese empire held dominion over commerce in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic. The Portuguese sailors set out to reach Eastern Asia by sailing eastward from Europe landing in such places like Taiwan, Japan, the island of Timor, and it may also have been Portuguese sailors that were the first Europeans to discover Australia.^[7] Pedro Álvares (about 1467 – about 1520), pron. ... Afonso de Albuquerque (or Afonso dAlbuquerque - disused) (pronounced ) (treated with a Don by some although his birth didnt grant him that treatment) (1453, Alhandra - Goa, December 16, 1515) was a Portuguese fidalgo, or nobleman, a naval general officer whose military and administrative activities conquered and established the Portuguese... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... Ormus (also Ohrmuzd, Hormuz, Ohrmazd) was a kingdom in the 16th to 17th centuries around the Persian Gulf, in particular the Strait of Hormuz. ... This article is about the state in Malaysia. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... Timor is an island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, part of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara with the surface of 11,883 sq mi (30,777 km²). The name is a variant of timur...

Portugal's independence was interrupted between 1580 and 1640. Because the heirless King Sebastian died in battle in Morocco, Philip II of Spain claimed his throne and so became Philip I of Portugal. Although Portugal did not lose its formal independence, it was governed by the same monarch who governed Spain, briefly forming a union of kingdoms, as a personal union; in 1640, John IV spearheaded an uprising backed by disgruntled nobles and was proclaimed king. The Portuguese Restoration War between Portugal and Spain on the aftermath of the 1640 revolt, ended the sixty-year period of the Iberian Union under the House of Habsburg. This was the beginning of the House of Braganza, which was to reign in Portugal until 1910. On 1 November 1755, Lisbon, the largest city and capital of the Portuguese Empire, was strongly shaken by an earthquake which killed between 60,000 and 90,000 people and destroyed eighty-five percent of the city. Sebastião I (English: Sebastian) the Desired (Port. ... Philip II (Spanish: ; Portuguese: ) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England (as husband of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, Lord of the Seventeen Provinces (holding various titles for the individual territories... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Dynastic union be merged into this article or section. ... John IV of Portugal (Portuguese: João IV de Portugal pron. ... Portuguese Restoration War (Portuguese: guerras da restauração) is the war between Portugal and Spain after the revolt of December 1640. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... The Royal House of Braganza (Portuguese: Casa Real de Bragança, pron. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1755 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... This 1755 copper engraving shows the ruins of Lisbon in flames and a tsunami overwhelming the ships in the harbor. ...

By this time, however, the Portuguese empire was already under attack from other countries, specifically Britain and the Netherlands. Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ...

Map of the Portuguese Overseas provinces in Africa by the time of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974)

At the height of European colonialism in the 19th century, Portugal had lost its territory in South America and all but a few bases in Asia. During this phase, Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there. Portuguese territories eventually included the modern nations of Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau, Angola, and Mozambique. Image File history File links Portuguese_colonial_war_map1. ... Image File history File links Portuguese_colonial_war_map1. ... Belligerents Portugal Angola (1961-74): MPLA UNITA FNLA Guinea-Bissau (1963-74): PAIGC Mozambique (1964-74): FRELIMO Strength 169,000 70,000 in Angola 42,000 in Guinea-Bissau 57,000 in Mozambique 20,000 6,500 in Angola 7,000 in Guinea-Bissau 6,500 in Mozambique Casualties and... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

In 1910, a revolution deposed the Portuguese monarchy, but chaos continued and considerable economic problems were aggravated by the military intervention in the First World War, which led to a military coup d'état in 1926. This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar. This is a List of Portuguese monarchs from the independence of Portugal from Castile in 1139, to the beginning of the Republic in October 5, 1910. ... Monumento aos mortos da Primeira Guerra Mundial in Coimbra, Portugal Despite its old alliance with Britain, Portugal did not form a part of the system of alliances which became enemies in World War I and thus kept its neutrality during the first years of war. ... Manuel Gomes da Costa Gomes da Costa and his troops march victorious into Lisbon on 6 June 1926 The 28th May 1926 coup détat, sometimes called 28th May Revolution or, during the period of Estado Novo, National Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução Nacional), was a military action that put an... Estado Novo (Portuguese for New State; pron. ... António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE, pron. ...

In December 1961, the Portuguese army was involved in armed action in its colony of Portuguese India against an Indian invasion. The operations resulted in the defeat of the isolated and relatively small Portuguese defense force which was not able to resist a much larger enemy. The outcome was the loss of the Portuguese territories in the Indian subcontinent. Portuguese India evolution Capital Cochin (1510-1530); Nova Goa Language(s) Portuguese Political structure Ultramarine Province King President  - 1511-1521 Manuel I  - 1958-1961 Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás Viceroy  - 1505-1509 Francisco de Almeida (first)  - 1827-1835 Manuel de Portugal e Castro (last) Governor-general  - 1509-1515... Operation Vijay was the name of operation by Indian armed forces that led to the liberation of Goa, Daman and Diu and Anjidiv Islands from the Portuguese colonial holding in 1961. ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ...

Community of Portuguese Language Countries.

Also in the early 1960s, independence movements in the Portuguese overseas provinces of Angola, Mozambique, and Portuguese Guinea, in Africa, resulted in the Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974). In 1974, a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for a modern democracy as well as the independence of the last colonies in Africa shortly after. However, Portugal's last overseas territory, Macau (Asia), was not handed over to the People's Republic of China until as late as 1999. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x628, 45 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Community of Portuguese Language Countries Maps of international organizations ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1357x628, 45 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Community of Portuguese Language Countries Maps of international organizations ... Portuguese Guinea was the name for what is today Guinea-Bissau from 1446 to September 10, 1974. ... Belligerents Portugal Angola (1961-74): MPLA UNITA FNLA Guinea-Bissau (1963-74): PAIGC Mozambique (1964-74): FRELIMO Strength 169,000 70,000 in Angola 42,000 in Guinea-Bissau 57,000 in Mozambique 20,000 6,500 in Angola 7,000 in Guinea-Bissau 6,500 in Mozambique Casualties and... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese, Revolução dos Cravos) was an almost bloodless, leftist, military-led coup détat, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, that effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship to a liberal democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC...

Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and EFTA. In 1986, Portugal joined the European Union (then the European Economic Community). It is also a co-founder of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. This article is about the military alliance. ... The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization of those developed countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy. ... The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was established on May 3, 1960 as an alternative for European states that were not allowed or did not wish to join the European Community (now the European Union). ... The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ... Headquarters Lisbon, Portugal Official language Portuguese Membership 8 (plus 2 observers) Leaders  -  Executive Secretariat Luís de Matos Monteiro da Fonseca Establishment 1996 Website http://www. ...

Administrative divisions

Sete Cidades, São Miguel Island, Azores.

Map of Mainland Portugal and the two autonomous regions of Portugal (not in their actual locations).

Main article: Administrative divisions of Portugal

Portugal has an administrative structure of 308 municipalities (Portuguese singular/plural: concelho/concelhos), which are subdivided into more than 4,000 parishes (freguesia/freguesias). Municipalities are grouped for administrative purposes into superior units. For continental Portugal the municipalities are gathered in 18 Districts, while the Islands have a Regional Government directly above them. Thus, the largest unit of classification is the one established since 1976 into either mainland Portugal (Portugal Continental) or the autonomous regions of Portugal (Azores and Madeira). Download high resolution version (1024x768, 154 KB) Photograph taken by Ulrik Sverdrup in February 2002 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 154 KB) Photograph taken by Ulrik Sverdrup in February 2002 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Sete Cidades (Seven Cities) is one of the most beautiful natural settings in the Azores, composed of two lakes in the center of a volcanic crater about three miles across. ... NASA satellite photo (North to the top) Eastern São Miguel landscape Sete Cidades twin lakes, with the town of Sete Cidades to the left Mosteiros, a village on the northwestern coast Furnas São Miguel Island (pron. ... Motto:  (Portuguese for Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem:  (national)  (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Ethnic groups  Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy 1976  Area  -  Total 2,346 km² (n/a... Image File history File links Portugal_NUTS_II.svg Descrição do ficheiro Imagem criada por Rei-artur, em Janeiro de 2005, a partir do mapa Image:Mapa de Portugal. ... Image File history File links Portugal_NUTS_II.svg Descrição do ficheiro Imagem criada por Rei-artur, em Janeiro de 2005, a partir do mapa Image:Mapa de Portugal. ... Continental Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal Continental) is the designation of the mainland Portugal territory, in the Iberian Peninsula, located in the Continental Europe. ... Flag of the Azores Autonomous Region. ... This article describes the subdivisions of Portugal. ... Many of the municipalities of Portugal are older than the country itself. ... A freguesia (pron. ...