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Encyclopedia > Portuguese colonization of the Americas
Please help improve this article or section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (August 2007)
European colonization
of the Americas
History of the Americas
British colonization
Courland colonization
Danish colonization
Dutch colonization
French colonization
German colonization
Portuguese colonization
Russian colonization
Scottish colonization
Spanish colonization
Swedish colonization
Viking colonization
Welsh settlement
Decolonization

Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. The Treaty of Tordesillas split the New World into Spanish and Portuguese zones in 1494. Portugal colonised parts of South America (mostly Brazil), but there were some failed attempts to settle in North America in today's Canada. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Territories in the Americas colonized or claimed by a European great power in 1750. ... The history of the Americas is the collective history of North and South America, including Central America and the Caribbean. ... British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England before the 1707 Acts of Union created the Kingdom of Great Britain) began in the late 16th century, before reaching its peak after colonies were established throughout the Americas, and a protectorate was established in Hawaii. ... The Duchy of Courland was the smallest nation to colonize the Americas with a short-lived colony in Tobago during the 1654–1659, and again 1660–1689. ... Denmark had a colonial empire from the 18th century until the 20th. ... During the 17th century, Dutch traders established trade posts and plantations throughout the Americas; actual colonization, with Dutch settling in the new lands was not as common as with settlements of other European nations. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In this map of German colonies, yellow marks Klein-Venedig and red the Prussia colonies, some of them in the Caribbean. ... After the discovery of northern Alaska by Ivan Fedorov in 1732, and the Aleutian Islands, southern Alaska, and north-western shores of North America in 1741 during the Russian exploration conducted by Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov, it took fifty years until the founding of the first Russian colony in... Scottish colonization of the Americas consisted of a number of failed or abandoned settlements in North America, a colony at Darien, Panama and a number of wholly or largely Scottish settlements made as part of Great Britain. ... The Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Western Hemisphere of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ... The Swedish colonization of the Americas consisted of a 17th century settlement on the Delaware River in Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and possessions in the Caribbean during the 18th and 19th century. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Welsh settlement in the Americas was the result of several individual initiatives to found distinctively Welsh settlements in the New World. ... Decolonization of the Americas refers to the process by which the countries in North America and South America gained their independence. ... Cantino planisphere of 1502 depicting the meridian designated by the treaty. ... Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contents

Colonization of Brazil

Main article: Colonial Brazil
Portuguese map by Lopo Homem (c. 1519) showing the coast of Brazil in the earliest period of Portuguese colonisation.

Explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral landed on April 22, 1500 in what is today Porto Seguro, Brazil. Permanent habitation did not begin until São Vicente was founded in 1532, although temporary trading posts were established earlier to collect brazilwood, used as a dye. With permanent settlement came the establishment of the sugar cane industry and its intensive labor demands which were met with Native and later African slaves. The capital, Salvador, was established in 1549 at the Bay of All Saints. The first Jesuits arrived the same year. In the History of Brazil, Colonial Brazil comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1822, when Brazil became independent from Portugal. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... See also Agbodrafo for the city in Togo formerly known as Porto Seguro. ... The title of this article contains the character ã. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Sao Vicente. ... Brazilwood is a common name for several trees of the family Leguminosae (Pulse family) whose wood yields a red dye called brazilein. ... Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Species Ref: ITIS 42058 as of 2004-05-05 Sugarcane is one of six species of a tall tropical southeast Asian grass (Family Poaceae) having stout fibrous jointed stalks whose sap at one time was the primary source of sugar. ... Brazilian Indian chiefs The scope of this indigenous peoples of the Americas article encompasses the definitions of indigenous peoples and the Americas as established in their respective articles. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Slave redirects here. ... Salvador and Baía de Todos os Santos from space, April 1997 Salvador (in full, São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos, or in literal translation: Holy Savior of All Saints Bay) is a city on the northeast coast of Brazil and the capital of the northeastern... Salvador and Baía de Todos os Santos from space, April 1997 Baía de Todos os Santos is the main and biggest bay of the state of Bahia, Brazil. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ...


From 1565 through 1567, Mem de Sá, a Portuguese colonial official and the third Governor General of Brazil, successfully destroyed a ten year-old French colony called France Antarctique, at Guanabara Bay. He and his nephew, Estácio de Sá, then founded the city of Rio de Janeiro on March 1567. Mem de Sá was a Governor-General of Brazil from 1557-1572. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... A Governor-General (in Canada always, and frequently in Pakistan/India prior to the abolition of the last monarchy, Governor General) is most generally a governor of high rank, or a principal governor ranking above ordinary governors [1]. The most common contemporary usage of the term is to refer to... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... France Antarctique was the name of the failed French colony south of the Equator, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567. ... Satellite image of Guanabara Bay In Portuguese, Baía da Guanabara is an oceanic bay located in southeastern Brazil in the state of Rio de Janeiro. ... Estácio de Sá (1520-1567) was a Portuguese soldier and officer who came to Brazil on orders of the Portuguese crown to wage war on the French invaders commanded by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon (1510-1571), who had established themselves in 1555 at the Guanabara Bay in Rio de... This article is about the Brazilian city. ...


Between 1638 and 1640, the Netherlands came to control part of Brazil's Northeast region, with their capital in Recife. The Portuguese won a significant victory in the Second Battle of Guararapes in 1649. By 1654, the Netherlands had surrendered and returned control of all Brazilian land to the Portuguese. Nickname: Motto: Ut luceat omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location in Brazil Country Region State Pernambuco Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823 Government  - Mayor João Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area  - City 218 km²  (84. ... Battle of Guararapes Conflict Date February 18, 1649 Place Pernambuco, Brazil Result Portuguese victory The Second Battle of Guararapes was a conflict between Dutch and Portuguese forces in 1649 at Pernambuco that ended in a resounding Portuguese victory and was one of the final nails in the coffin of Dutch...


Unlike the Spanish, the Portuguese did not divide its colonial territory in America. The captaincies they created were subdued to a centralized administration in Salvador which reported directly to the Crown in Lisbon. Therefore, it is not common to refer to "Portuguese America" (like Spanish America, Dutch America, etc.), but rather to Brazil, as a unified colony since its very beginnings. It has been suggested that Captaincy General, Captaincies of Brazil be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ...


As a result, Brazil did not split into several states by the time of Independence (1822), as happened to its Spanish-speaking neighbors. The adoption of monarchy instead of federal republic in the first six decades of Brazilian political sovereignty also contributed to the nation's unity.

Portuguese possessions in North America, from Reinel-Lopo Homem 1519's Miller Atlas.
An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). Red - actual possessions; Pink - explorations, areas of influence and trade and claims of sovereignty; Blue - main sea explorations, routes and areas of inluence. The disputed discovery of Australia is not shown.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 493 pixelsFull resolution (946 × 583 pixel, file size: 146 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Part of Reinel-Reinel-Lopo Homem Atlantic Chart from Miller Atlas This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 493 pixelsFull resolution (946 × 583 pixel, file size: 146 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Part of Reinel-Reinel-Lopo Homem Atlantic Chart from Miller Atlas This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 43 KB, MIME type: image/png) An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 × 625 pixel, file size: 43 KB, MIME type: image/png) An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). ...

Settlements in North America

In 1501 and 1502 the Corte-Real brothers explored Newfoundland and Labrador and claimed it to the Portuguese Crown. Soon, in 1506, king Manuel I created taxes for the fisheries of cod in Newfoundland. 1501 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1502 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Corte-Real was the name of three Portuguese explorers: João Vaz Corte-Real, who possibly reached Newfoundland in the 1470s. ... Maximum extent of Portuguese colonial possessions in the 16th century. ... Manuel I of Portugal (pron. ... Newfoundland —   IPA: [nuw fÉ™n lænd] (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ...


João Álvares Fagundes' colony in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia was only five years old when it was abandoned. Hostility from the natives is often pointed as one of the key aspects to the failure of the project. João Álvares Fagundes, an explorer and ship owner from Viana do Castelo in Northern Portugal, near Galicia, organized several expeditions to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia around 1520-1521. ...


See also

In the History of Brazil, Colonial Brazil comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1822, when Brazil became independent from Portugal. ... The Atlantic world is an organizing concept for the historical study of the Atlantic Ocean rim from the fifteenth century to the present. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... For additional context, see History of Portugal. ...

References and external links

  • The Corte-Real explorations of North America in the official Library and Archives Canada website.
  • João Álvares Fagundes in the official Library and Archives Canada website.
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Portuguese colonization of the Americas

  Results from FactBites:
 
colonization. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (882 words)
Before colonization can be effected, the indigenous population must be subdued and assimilated or converted to the culture of the colonists; otherwise, a modus vivendi must be established by the imposition of a treaty or an alliance.
Portuguese colonization, which received impetus from the development of greatly improved methods of navigation, began with the establishment of trading ports in Africa and the East, while the Spanish concentrated most of their efforts in the Americas.
Modern colonization, frequently preceded by an era in which missionaries and traders were active, was largely exploitative, but it did not in the long run prove directly lucrative to the colonial power, because it involved a heavy drain on the treasury of the home government.
NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Danish colonization of the Americas (1576 words)
Map of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with Courlands colonies marked The Duchy of Courland was the smallest nation to colonize the Americas with a short-lived colony in Tobago during the 1654-1659, and again 1660-1689.
Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in America of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
The Swedish colonization of the Americas consisted of a 17th century settlement on the Delaware River in Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and possessions in the Caribbean during the 18th and 19th century.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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