NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Positivism in Poland

For other meanings of positivism, see Positivism. Positivism can have several meanings. ...

In Poland, the period in literature in the second part of 19th century (after the January 1863 Uprising until the turn of the 20th century) is known as positivism. After the failure of the January Uprising, many Poles became dissatisfied with the previous ideals of regaining idependence through armed conflict, and with emotional literature that supported those ideals (romanticism). The positivism opposed romanticism, advocated logic and thought before emotions, and that independence must be reached gradually, with 'work on the foundations' (Polish praca u podstaw, bringing reforms and education to poor areas) and 'organic work' (Polish praca organiczna, helping the society work like a unified organism). Main social problems that positivists tried to deal with were assimilation of the Jewish minority, woman rights and education of the peasants and proletarian workers. Polisitivists viewed work, not uprisings, as a way of maintaining the national diversity of Poles from the occupying countries and showing patriotism. Open Directory Project: Literature World Literature Electronic Text Archives Magazines and E-zines Online Writing Writers Resources Libraries, Digital Cataloguing, Metadata Distance Learning Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Classicism in Literature The Universal Library, by Carnegie Mellon University Project Gutenberg Online Library Abacci - Project Gutenberg texts matched with Amazon... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The night of January 22, 1863, was the beginning of the new uprising against Russian rule in Poland. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ...

Famous writers of Polish positivism include: The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ...

Categories: Polish literature | History of Poland | Literature stubs | Poland-related stubs Adam Asnyk (born September 11, 1838 in Kalisz, died August 2, 1897 in Krakow), was a Polish poet and dramatist. ... Eliza Orzeszkowa (1842-1910 ), Polish novelist, was born near Grodno, of the noble family of PawÅ‚owski. ... BolesÅ‚aw Prus BolesÅ‚aw Prus (pronounced: [bÉ”lÎµswaf prus]; August 20, 1847 â€“ May 19, 1912), born Aleksander GÅ‚owacki, was a Polish journalist, short-story writer, and novelist. ... Maria Konopnicka (born on May 23, 1842 in Suwałki - October 8, 1910 in Lwów) was a Polish poet, novelist, translator and essayist. ... Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (pronounce: [Î³ÎµnrÉ¨k É•enkieviÊ§]) (May 5, 1846 - November 15, 1916) was a Polish novelist, one of the outstanding writers of the second half of the 19th century. ... Gabriela Zapolska: pseudonym of the Polish novelist and actress Maria G. Śnieżko-Błocka (born March 30, 1857, in Podhajce, Austrian Galicia, now Pidhaytsi, Ukraine - died December 17, 1921, in Lwów, Poland, now Lviv, Ukraine). ... Stefan Å»eromski Stefan Å»eromski (pronounce: [stÎµfan Ê’Îµromski]) (1864-1925) was a Polish novelist and writer. ...