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Encyclopedia > Prehistoric Malaysia

 Caves paintings of Tambun, dated 3000 BC, in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Caves paintings of Tambun, dated 3000 BC, in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.

Prehistoric Malaysia can be traced back as early as 200,000 years ago from stone tools found at Kota Tampan, Lenggong archeological site. The earliest human skeleton, Perak Man, dating back 11,000 years was also discovered in Lenggong. The site has an undisturbed stone tool production area, created using equipment such as anvils and hammer stones. From East Malaysia, Sarawak's Niah Caves, the world's largest limestone caves, there are evidences of the oldest human remains in Malaysia, dating back some 40,000 years ago. One of the most popular prehistoric evidences is the Tambun Cave paintings. Image File history File links TambunCavePaintings. ... Image File history File links TambunCavePaintings. ... Kota Tampan is an paleolithic prehistorical site in Malaysia. ... Lenggong is the town in Perak, Malaysia where the remains of Paleolithic ages was found here. ... Photo of Lenggong. ... Lenggong is the town in Perak, Malaysia where the remains of Paleolithic ages was found here. ... The Niah Caves is a prehistorical site in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. ... Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...

Contents


Chronology

This article is part of
the History of Malaysia series

Prehistoric Malaysia (40,000-2,000 BCE)
Gangga Negara (2nd-11th century CE)
Langkasuka (2nd-14th century)
Pan Pan (3rd-5th century)
Srivijaya (3rd century -1400)
Majapahit (1293-1500)
Sultanate of Malacca (1402 - 1511)
Sultanate of Johor (1528-current)
Jementah Civil War (1879)
White Rajahs (1841-1946)
British Malaya (1874-1946)
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
Burney Treaty (1826)
Straits Settlements (1826-1946)
Klang War (1867-1874)
Pangkor Treaty of 1874
Federated Malay States (1895-1946)
Unfederated Malay States (19th century-1946)
Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
Battle of Penang (1914)
North Borneo (1882-1963)
Mat Salleh Rebellion (1896-1900)
World War II (1941-1945)
Battle of Malaya (1941-42)
Parit Sulong Massacre (1942)
Battle of Singapore (1942)
Syburi (1942-1945)
Sandakan Death Marches (1945)
Malayan Union (1946-1948)
Federation of Malaya (1948-1963)
Malayan Emergency (1948-1960)
Independence Day (1957)
Federation of Malaysia (1963-present)
Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation (1962-1966)
Brunei Revolt (1962-1966)
Expulsion of Singapore (1965)
May 13 Incident (1969)
New Economic Policy (1971-1990)
Operation Lalang (1987)
1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis (1987-88)
Asian financial crisis (1997-98)
[edit this box]

The history of Malaysia is a relatively recent offshoot of the history of the wider Malay-Indonesian world. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malaysia. ... The Common Era is the period beginning with a year near the birth of Jesus, coinciding with the period from AD 1 onwards. ... Gangga Negara was believed to be a lost Hindu kingdom somewhere in the state of Perak, Malaysia. ... The Common Era (CE), sometimes known as the Christian Era or Current Era, is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 (the traditional but probably erroneous birthdate of Jesus) to the present. ... Langkasuka (-langkha Sanskrit for resplendent land -sukkha of bliss) was apparently the oldest kingdom on the Malay peninsula. ... A call of pan-pan is a very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or persons on board who require immediate assistance. ... Srivijaya (200s-1400) was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. ... The Majapahit Empire was based in eastern Java and ruled much of the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali from about 1293 to around 1500. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Sultanate of Johor (or sometimes Johor-Riau) was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shahs son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah in 1528. ... Jementah Civil War happened in 1879 in Jementah, Sultanate of Johor when Tengku Alam, the heir of Sultan Ali of Muar refused to give the district of Muar under temporary administration of Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor. ... The White Rajahs refers to a dynasty that ruled Sarawak from 1841 to 1946. ... British Malaya was a set of states that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century. ... The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (one of several), was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in London on March 17, 1824. ... The Burney Treaty was a treaty signed between Siam and the British in 1826. ... The Straits Settlements were a collection of territories of the British East India Company in Southeast Asia, which were given collective administration in 1826. ... The Klang War or Selangor Civil War took placed in the Malay state of Selangor and was fought between Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar, the administrator of Klang and Raja Mahdi bin Raja Sulaiman from 1867 to 1874. ... The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was a treaty signed between the Sir Andrew Clarke on behalf of the British and Raja Abdullah of Perak. ... The Federated Malay States (FMS) was a federation of four states on the Malay Peninsula - Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Negeri Sembilan - established by the British government in 1895, and lasted until 1946, when they together with the Straits Settlements and the Unfederated Malay States formed the Malayan Union. ... The Unfederated Malay States was a group of five Malay states, namely Johore, Terengganu, Kelantan, Kedah and Perlis. ... The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1906 (in which the Malays were not represented) effectively dissected the northern Malay states into two parts: Pattani, Narathiwat, Songkhla, Satun and Yala remained under Siam, but Siam relinquished its claims to sovereignty over Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, and Terengganu to Great Britain. ... The Battle of Penang occured in 1914, during World War I. It was a naval action. ... North Borneo was a British Protectorate and later Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom, situated in what is now the province of Sabah Malaysia. ... The Matt Salleh Rebellion happened in Sabah. ... Throughout the Second World War, British Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak were under Japanese occupation. ... During the early morning hours of December 7th/8th, 1941, before the first bombs started falling on the United States Pacific base at Pearl Harbor (time zone differences), World War Two widened in the Pacific with the Battle for Malaya - the Japanase invasion of the British Malaya. ... Parit Sulong is a small village in Johor, Malaysia on the Simpang Kiri River, 30 km east of Muar. ... Combatants Allied forces: Indian Army; British Army; Australian Army; Malayan forces; Straits Settlements forces Imperial Japanese Army Commanders Arthur Percival Tomoyuki Yamashita Strength 85,000 36,000 Casualties about 5,000 killed; about 80,000 POWs 1,715 dead, 3,500 wounded The Battle of Singapore was a battle fought... During the Japanese Occupation of Malaya, control of the State of Kedah was given to Thailand by the Japanese. ... The Sandakan Death Marches are the most infamous incident in series of events which resulted in the deaths of more than 6,000 Javanese civilian slave labourers and Allied prisoners of war, held by the Empire of Japan during the Pacific campaign of World War II, at prison camps in... The Malayan Union was formed on April 1, 1946 by the British. ... The Federation of Malaya, or in Malay Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, was formed in 1948 from the British settlements of Penang and Malacca and the nine Malay states and replaced the Malayan Union. ... The Malayan Emergency was an insurrection and guerrilla war of the Malay Races Liberation Army against the British and Malayan administration from 1948-1960 in what is now Malaysia. ... Hari Merdeka (Independence Day) is a national day of Malaysia commemorating the independence of the Federation of Malaya from British colonial rule. ... Motto: Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu (English: Unity Is Strength) Anthem: Negaraku Capital Kuala Lumpur1 and Putrajaya2 Largest city Kuala Lumpur Official language(s) Malay Government • Paramount Ruler • Prime Minister Federal constitutional monarchy Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Jamalullail Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Independence Formation From the UK (Malaya only) August 31, 1957 With Sabah... The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was an intermittent war over the future of the island of Borneo, between British-backed Malaysia and Indonesia in 1962-1966. ... The Brunei Revolt broke out on the December 8, 1962 and was led by Yassin Affandi and his armed rebels. ... The history of Singapore had a relatively minor role in the greater history of Southeast Asia until 1819, when the Englishman Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founded a British port on the island. ... The May 13 Incident saw numerous cases of arson in the Malaysian capital city of Kuala Lumpur. ... For the Soviet New Economic Policy, see New Economic Policy. ... Operation Lalang (or in English, Weeding Operation; also referred to as Ops Lallang) was carried out on 27 October 1987 by the Malaysian police to crackdown on opposition leaders and social activists. ... The Sultan Abdul Samad Building housed the Supreme Court at the time of the 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis. ... The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ...

40,000-35,000 years ago- Paleolithic (Early Stone Age)

Early peoples lived a simple lifestyle of hunting, eating, fighting and procreating. Paleolithic Malaysia has no border, no definition of countries, no government, no religion, no money, no costume, no moral, no education, no passport, no visa, no currency, no supermarket, etc. The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (Greek παλαιός paleos=old and λίθος lithos=stone or the Old Stone Age) was the first period in the development of human technology of the Stone Age. ...


35,000-10,000 years ago - Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)

Anthropologists traced a group of newcomers Proto Malay seafarers who migrated from Yunnan to Malaysia. Negrito and other Aborigines were forced by late comers into the hills. In this period, people learnt to dress, to cook, to hunt with advance stone weapons. Communication techniques also improved. sea-farer A type or kind of adventurer or sailor, who takes to the sea for purposes of exploration, to see how he will do on the open sea; or, one who pays his own way to board a ship; a paying passenger. This page is a candidate to be... Yunnan (Simplified Chinese: 云南; Traditional Chinese: 雲南; Hanyu pinyin: ) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. ... Semang, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago The Negritos include the Ati, the Aeta and at least 4 other tribes of the Philippines, the Semang of the Malay peninsula, and 12 Andamanese tribes of the Andaman Islands. ...


10,000-5,000 years ago- Neolithic (New Stone Age)

People learnt to build simple houses and to have families. Simple moral and simple society concept germinated.


2,500 years ago - Bronze Age

More people arrived, including new tribes and seafarers. The Malay Peninsula became the crossroads in maritime trades of the ancient age. Seafarers who came to Malaysia's shores included Indians, Egyptians, peoples of the Middle East, Javanese and Chinese. Ptolemy named the Malay Peninsula, Golden Chersonese.


Early Hindus Settlers

Hindu traders began to settle down and built their cultures, architectures, languages, writings, words, foods, costumes, religions, government system, moral education and many more to set up the first local Malay Kingdom, also known as Srivijaya, which lasted 1400 years. Srivijaya (200s-1400) was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. ...


Mekong River Migration

 Map of Mekong River.
Map of Mekong River.

Mekong River, approximately 4180km in length, originated from Tibet and runs through Yunnan province of China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Anthropologists traced the migration of Proto Malays, who were seafarers, to some 10,000 years ago when they sailed by boat (canoe or perahu) along the Mekong River from Yunnan to the South China Sea and eventually settled down at various places. Image File history File links Mekong-map. ... Image File history File links Mekong-map. ... View of the Mekong before the sunset The Mekong is one of the worlds major rivers. ... Yunnan (Simplified Chinese: 云南; Traditional Chinese: 雲南; Hanyu pinyin: ) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. ... The South China Sea, showing surrounding countries and neighbouring seas and oceans The South China Sea is a marginal sea, part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from Singapore to the Strait of Taiwan of around 3,500,000 km². It is the largest sea body after the five...


Yunnan

Inhabitants of early Yunnan can be traced back in history to nearly 170 million years ago from a homo erectus fossil, 'Yuanmou Man', which was unearthed in the 1960s. In year 221 BC, Qin Shihuang conquered Yunnan and unified China which has since become a province of China. They were the ancestors of rice eating peoples, with their culture of cultivating rice spreaded throughout the entire region. The native name of the Mekong River peoples' home in Yunnan is Xishuangbanna (Sipsongpanna) which literally means "twelve thousand rice fields", it is the home of the Dai minority. Xishuangbanna sits at a lower altitude than most of the Yunnan mountainous ranges. More pictures of Yunnan. Binomial name †Homo erectus (Dubois, 1892) Subspecies †Homo erectus palaeojavanicus †Homo erectus soloensis Homo erectus (upright man) is a hominin species that is believed to be an ancestor of modern humans (with Homo heidelbergensis usually treated as an intermediary step). ... Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) (November or December 260 BC - September 10, 210 BC), personal name Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BC to 221 BC, and then the first emperor of a unified China from 221 BC to 210 BC, ruling under the name First... Xishuangbanna (西双版纳) is a autonomous prefecture in southern Yunnan Province, Peoples Republic of China. ...

 Yunnan women on the street, wearing batik & sarong. Photo taken at the city of Jinghong (2004).
Yunnan women on the street, wearing batik & sarong. Photo taken at the city of Jinghong (2004).
 Doorframe of Yunnan 2006 and ancient Malay text found at Palembang's Kedukan Bukit 682CE.
Doorframe of Yunnan 2006 and ancient Malay text found at Palembang's Kedukan Bukit 682CE.

Image File history File links YunnanWomen. ... Image File history File links YunnanWomen. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (676x686, 137 KB) Summary Doorframe of Yunnan 2006 and ancient Malay text found at Palembangs Kedukan Bukit 682CE. Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (676x686, 137 KB) Summary Doorframe of Yunnan 2006 and ancient Malay text found at Palembangs Kedukan Bukit 682CE. Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Yunnan migration theory

The theory of Proto Malay originated from Yunnan is supported by R.H Geldern, J.H.C Kern, J.R Foster, J.R Logen, Slametmuljana and Asmah Haji Omar. The Proto Malay (Melayu asli) first arrived possessed agricultural skills while the second wave Deutero Malay (mixed blood) joined in around 1500bc and dwelled at coastlines, they have advanced fishery skills. During the migration, both intermarried with peoples of southern islands Java (Indonesian), also with aboriginal peoples of Australoid, Negrito and Melanesoid. The term Java can refer to: In geography: Java (island), Indonesia, the most populous island in the world Javanese language, a language widely spoken on the island of Java Java coffee, a variety of coffee plant which originated on the island of Java, or a slang word for coffee Java... Australoid is a broad racial sub-classification of Australasian peoples having generally dark skin and hair which can be curly, straight, or kinky, defined by the anthropologist Carleton S. Coon. ... Semang, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago The Negritos include the Ati, the Aeta and at least 4 other tribes of the Philippines, the Semang of the Malay peninsula, and 12 Andamanese tribes of the Andaman Islands. ...

  • Stone tools found at Malay archipelago analogy to Central Asian.
  • Similarity of Malay customs and Assam.
  • Malay language & Cambodians are kindred languages, the ancestral home of Cambodians originated from the source of Mekong river.

Assam (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur. ...

Mekong Delta

According to history of Khmer, the earliest known civilisation was the 1st century Indianised-Khmer culture of Funan, in the Mekong Delta. The Khmer empire of Angkor was the last before the kingdom fled to various places seeking refuge. Palembang and later Malacca were among the places. Archeological evidences found that inhabitants of early Cambodia were peoples of Neolithic culture. They possessed good technical skills while the more advanced groups who lived near the coast and in the lower delta of Mekong, cultivated irrigated rice. It is believed they were ancestors of inhabtants of insular Southeast Asia and islands of Pacific Ocean. They were also knowledged in iron, bronze works and possessed good navigational skills. (Source: Based on information from John F. Cady, Southeast Asia: Its Historical Development, New York, 1964.) Khmer can refer to, the: Khmer people, the ethnic group to which the great majority of Cambodians belong to Khmer language Khmer script Khmer Empire, which ruled much of Indochina from the 9th to the 13th centuries. ... Funan was the pre-southern Chinese inhabitant in SEA (the Mongoloid-southern Chinese), which is today became Thai-Lao-and Vietnam. ... Mekong River Delta from space, February 1996 Mekong Delta, February 2005. ... Angkor was the site of a series of capital cities of the Khmer empire for much of the period from the 9th century to the 15th century CE. Their ruins (13°24N, 103°51E) are located amid forests and farmland to the north of the Great Lake (Tonle... Location of Palembang Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh Capital Malacca Town Governor Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd. ... An array of Neolithic artefacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Scotland, Europes most complete Neolithic village. ...


Oldest Malay text

The Kedukan Bukit inscription of 682 CE found at Palembang and the modern Yunnan Dai minority's traditional writings were of the same language family, Pallava. Dai ethnic (or Dai minority) of Yunnan is one of the aboriginal inhabitants of modern Yunnan province of China. (Picture) is taken from Jinghong city of Yunnan, a modern doorframe with Dai minority texts & Chinese, at right is the ancient Kedukan Bukit inscription. Location of Palembang Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Dai or DAI can mean: Distributed artificial intelligence, a subfield of artificial intelligence Dai people, one of the 56 recognized ethnic minorities of China Diffuse axonal injury, a type of traumatic brain injury Do As Infinity, a Japanese band State of Dai was a Xianbei state during the Sixteen Kingdoms... Pallava, were a South Indian dynasty who established their capital at Kanchipuram in the 4th cent. ... Looking west along the Mekong in the evening. ...


Cham-Malay relation

The similarity of Cambodian Cham language and Malay language can be found in names of places such as Kampong Cham, Kambujadesa, Kampong Chhnang, etc and Sejarah Melayu clearly mentioned a Cham community in Parameswara's Malacca around 1400s. Cham is related to the Malayo-Polynesian languages of Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagascar and the Philippines. In mid 1400s, when Cham was heavily defeated by the Vietnamese, some 120,000 were killed and in the 1600s the Champa king converted to Islam. In 1700s the last Champa Muslim king Pô Chien gather his people and migrated south to Cambodia while those along the coastline migrated to the nearest peninsula state Terengganu, approximately 500km or less by boat, some to Kelantan. Malaysian constitution recognises the Cham rights to Malaysian citizenship and their Bumiputra status. Read Cham people. Now that the history is interlinked, there is a big possiblity that Parameswara's family was Cham refugee who fled to Palembang before he fled to Tumasik and last to Malacca. Interestingly, one of the last Kings of Angkor of the Khmer Empire had the name Paramesvarapada. Cham is the language of the Cham people of Southeast Asia. ... The Malay language, also known locally as Bahasa Melayu, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people who reside in the Malay peninsula, southern Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau islands, and parts of the coast of Borneo. ... Kampong Cham is a province in the east of Cambodia. ... Categories: Southeast Asia geography stubs | Provinces of Cambodia ... Sejarah Melayu or The Malay Annals is a historical literary Malay work that chronicles the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate and spans over 600 years of the history of the Malay Peninsula. ... The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages. ... Terengganu (Jawi: ترڠڬانو, formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu) is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. ... Bumiputra or Bumiputera (Sanskrit, translated literally, it means sons of the Earth; Malay, translated literally, it means princes of the Earth), is an official definition widely used in Malaysia, embracing ethnic Malays as well as other indigenous ethnic groups. ... This article is about the Cham people of Asia. ... People by name Parameshwara: The fourteenth century Indian mathematician. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh Capital Malacca Town Governor Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd. ... The Khmer empire was a powerful kingdom based in what is now Cambodia. ...


References

  • The ENCYCLOPEDIA of Malaysia : early history, Volume 4 / edited by Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman http://wildasia.net/main/product.cfm?productID=427
  • The ENCYCLOPEDIA of Malaysia : languages and literature, Volume 9 / edited by Prof. Dato' Dr. Asmah Haji Omar

See also

Kampong Cham is a province in the east of Cambodia. ... Location of Southeast Asia // Prehistory Early Agricultural Societies Agriculture was a natural development based on necessity. ... Pallava, were a South Indian dynasty who established their capital at Kanchipuram in the 4th cent. ... The Pallava were a Southern Indian dynasty who established their capital at Kanchipuram in early the 4th century CE. The Pallava dominated the northern parts of Tamil region until the end of the 9th century for about six hundred years. ... Look up Kamboja in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... the probable encroachment of India by Yavanas-Sakas-Kambojas circa 175 BCE. References to Kambojas abound in ancient literature, and this may have been just the expansion of an Indo-European tribe with both Persian and Indic affinities from their homeland in the Afghanistan-Turkistan region along the foothills of... Cambodia or Kambodia is the English transliteration of the French name Kambodge, which name stands for Sanskrit Kamboja (Persian Kambujiya or Kambaujiya). ... Cham is the language of the Cham people of Southeast Asia. ... This article is about the Cham people of Asia. ...

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