NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Prix Goncourt

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The Prix Goncourt is the most prestigious prize in French literature, given to the author of "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year". French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak other traditional non-French languages. ... An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article or the like. ...

Edmond de Goncourt, a successful author, critic, and publisher, bequeathed his entire estate for the foundation and maintenance of the Académie Goncourt. In honour of his brother and collaborator, Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt, (1830-1870), the Académie has awarded the Prix Goncourt every December since 1903. The jury that determines the winner meets at the Drouant restaurant to make its decision. The award, though nominal, ensures the winner celebrity status and a boost in sales. Edmond de Goncourt (May 26, 1822 – July 16, 1896), writer, critic, book publisher and the founder of the Académie Goncourt. ... The AcadÃ©mie Goncourt is a literary organization based in Paris, France that was created by French writer and publisher Edmond de Goncourt in opposition to the then existing policies towards writers by the AcadÃ©mie franÃ§aise. ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

The award may only be given to an author once, and has never been given to an author twice except in one case. Romain Gary won it in 1956 for Les racines du ciel, and then won it again under the pseudonym Emile Ajar in 1975 for La vie devant soi. Romain Gary (May 8, 1914 â€“ December 2, 1980) was a French novelist, film director, World War II pilot, and diplomat. ... Romain Gary (May 8, 1914 â€“ December 2, 1980) was a novelist, film director, World War II pilot, and diplomat. ... Madame Rosa (La Vie devant soi) (1977) is a French film directed by MoshÃ© Mizrahi. ...

A few of the authors who have won the prize are: Marcel Proust, Jean Fayard, Simone de Beauvoir, Georges Duhamel, Alphonse de Châteaubriant, Antonine Maillet. Proust redirects here. ... Beauvoir redirects here. ... Georges Duhamel (June 30, 1884 - April 13, 1966), was a French author, born in Paris. ... Antonine Maillet in 1984 The Honourable Antonine Maillet, PC, CC, OQ, ONB, LL.D, FRSC, (born May 10, 1929) is a Canadian Acadian novelist, playwright, and scholar. ...

Some decisions for awarding the prize were controversial, the most famous case being the decision to award the prize 1919 to Marcel Proust; this was met with indignation, since many in the public felt that the prize should have gone to Roland Dorgelès for Les Croix de bois, a novel about the First World War, for the following reasons: Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Proust redirects here. ... Roland DorgelÃ¨s (born 1885 in Amiens â€“ died 1973), was a French novelist and member of the AcadÃ©mie Goncourt. ... {{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict = World War I |partof = |image = |caption = Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks...

the prize was supposed to be awarded to promising young authors, whereas Proust was 48;
this was immediately after the end of the war, where Dorgelès had fought, whereas Proust had been deemed unfit for service for medical reasons (he had asthma).

The 1932 prize was also controversial for passing up Céline, and the voting process became the basis of the 1992 book Goncourt 32 by Eugène Saccomano. Louis-Ferdinand Destouches (May 27, 1894 â€“ July 1, 1961) was a French writer and physician who wrote under the nom de plume CÃ©line. // Life He was born Louis-Ferdinand Destouches at Courbevoie in the Seine dÃ©partement (now Hauts-de-Seine). ...

In 1987, the Prix Goncourt des Lycéens was established, as a collaboration between the Académie Goncourt, the French Ministry of Education, and FNAC, a book, music, and movie retailer. 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Prix Goncourt des LycÃ©ens was created in 1987 as a sort of younger sibling of the Prix Goncourt, the most prestigious prize for French language literature. ... The AcadÃ©mie Goncourt is a literary organization based in Paris, France that was created by French writer and publisher Edmond de Goncourt in opposition to the then existing policies towards writers by the AcadÃ©mie franÃ§aise. ...

Prize winners

1903 - John Antoine Nau, Force ennemie
1904 - Léon Frapié, La Maternelle
1905 - Claude Farrère, Les Civilisés
1906 - Jérôme et Jean Tharaud, Dingley, l'illustre écrivain
1907 - E. Moselly, Terres lorraines
1908 - Francis de Miomandre, Ecrit sur l'eau
1909 - Marius et Ary Leblond, En France
1910 - Louis Pergaud, De Goupil à Margot
1911 - Alphonse de Chateaubriant, Monsieur des Lourdines
1912 - André Savignon, Les Filles de la pluie
1913 - Marc Elder, Le peuple de la mer
1914 - Adrien Bertrand, l'Appel du Sol
1915 - René Benjamin, Gaspard
1916 - Henri Barbusse, le Feu
1917 - Henri Malherbe, La Flamme au poing
1918 - Georges Duhamel, Civilisation
1919 - Marcel Proust, A l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleur (volume 2 of - À la recherche du temps perdu,)
1920 - Ernest Pérochon, Nêne
1921 - René Maran, Batouala
1922 - Henry Béraud, Le vitriol de la lune and Le martyre de l'obèse
1923 - L. Fabre, Rabevel ou Le mal des ardents
1924 - Thierry Sandre, Le Chèvrefeuille, le Purgatoire, le Chapitre XIII
1925 - Maurice Genevoix, Raboliot
1926 - H. Deberly, Le supplice de Phèdre
1927 - Maurice Bedel, Jérôme 60° latitude nord
1928 - Maurice Constantin Weyer, Un Homme se penche sur son passé
1929 - Marcel Arland, L'Ordre
1930 - H. Fauconnier, Malaisie
1931 - Jean Fayard, Mal d'amour
1932 - Guy Mazeline, Les Loups
1933 - André Malraux, La Condition humaine
1934 - Roger Vercel, Capitaine Conan
1935 - Joseph Peyre, Sang et Lumières
1936 - Maxence Van Der Meersch, L'Empreinte de Dieu
1937 - Charles Plisnier, Faux Passeports
1938 - Henri Troyat, L'Araignée
1939 - Philippe Hériat, Les enfants gâtés
1940 - Francis Ambrière, Les grandes vacances
1941 - Henri Pourrat, Le vent de mars
1942 - Bernard Marc, Pareil à des enfants
1943 - Marius Grout, Passage de l'Homme
1944 - Elsa Triolet, Le premier accroc coûte 200 Francs
1945 - Jean-Louis Bory, Mon village à l'heure allemande
1946 - Jean-Jacques Gautier, Histoire d'un Fait divers
1947 - Jean-Louis Curtis, Les Forêts de la Nuit
1948 - Maurice Druon, Les grandes familles
1949 - Robert Merle, Week-end à Zuydcoote
1950 - Paul Colin, Les jeux sauvages
1951 - Julien Gracq, Le Rivage des Syrtes (Refused the prize)
1952 - Béatrix Beck, Léon Morin, prêtre
1953 - Pierre Gascar, Les Bêtes
1954 - Simone de Beauvoir, Les Mandarins
1955 - Roger Ikor, Les eaux mêlées
1956 - Romain Gary, Les racines du ciel
1957 - Roger Vailland, La Loi
1958 - Francis Walder, Saint Germain ou la Négociation
1959 - André Schwarz-Bart, Le dernier des Justes
1960 - Vintilă Horia, Dieu est né en exil
1961 - Jean Cau, La pitié de Dieu
1962 - Anna Langfus, Les bagages de sable
1963 - Armand Lanoux, Quand la mer se retire
1964 - Georges Conchon, L'Etat sauvage
1965 - J. Borel, L'Adoration
1966 - Edmonde Charles-Roux, Oublier Palerme
1967 - André Pieyre de Mandiargues, La Marge
1968 - Bernard Clavel, Les fruits de l'hiver
1969 - Félicien Marceau, Creezy
1970 - Michel Tournier , Le Roi des Aulnes
1971 - Jacques Laurent, Les Bêtises
1972 - Jean Carrière, L'Epervier de Maheux
1973 - Jacques Chessex, L'Ogre
1974 - Pascal Lainé, La Dentellière
1975 - Emile Ajar (Romain Gary), La vie devant soi
1976 - Patrick Grainville, Les Flamboyants
1977 - Didier Decoin, John l'enfer
1978 - Patrick Modiano, Rue des boutiques obscures
1979 - Antonine Maillet, Pélagie la Charette
1980 - Yves Navarre, Le Jardin d'acclimatation
1981 - Lucien Bodard, Anne Marie
1982 - Dominique Fernandez, dans la main de l'Ange
1983 - Frédérick Tristan, Les égarés
1984 - Marguerite Duras, L'Amant
1985 - Yann Queffelec, Les Noces barbares
1986 - Michel Host , Valet de nuit
1987 - Tahar ben Jelloun, La Nuit sacrée
1988 - Erik Orsenna, L'Exposition coloniale
1989 - Jean Vautrin, Un grand pas vers le Bon Dieu
1990 - Jean Rouaud, Les Champs d'honneur
1991 - Pierre Combescot, Les Filles du Calvaire
1992 - Patrick Chamoiseau, Texaco
1993 - Amin Maalouf, Le Rocher de Tanios
1994 - Didier Van Cauwelaert, Un Aller simple
1995 - Andreï Makine, Le Testament français
1996 - Pascale Roze, Le Chasseur Zéro
1997 - Patrick Rambaud, La Bataille
1998 - Paule Constant, Confidence pour confidence
1999 - Jean Echenoz, Je m'en vais
2000 - Jean-Jacques Schuhl, Ingrid Caven
2001 - Jean-Christophe Rufin, Rouge Brésil
2002 - Pascal Quignard, Les Ombres errantes
2003 - Jacques-Pierre Amette, La maîtresse de Brecht
2004 - Laurent Gaudé, Le Soleil des Scorta
2005 – François Weyergans, Trois jours chez ma mère
2006 - Jonathan Littell, Les Bienveillantes

1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... John Antoine Nau (true name Eugene Leon Ã‰douard Joseph Torquet, born November 19, 1860 in San Francisco, United States- died on May 17, 1918 in Trebol, France) was a French writer. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Claude FarrÃ¨re (Lyon, April 27, 1876 â€“ Paris, June 21, 1957) was a prolific French author of novels set in such exotic locations as Istanbul, Saigon, and Nagasaki. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Francis de Miomandre (1880-1959) was a French novelist, born ar Tours, and educated at Marseilles. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Louis Pergaud (January 22, 1882 - April 8, 1915) was a French writer and soldier, whose principal works were known as Animal Stories due to their rooting in the flora and fauna of the Franche-ComtÃ©. His most famous work was the humourous yet powerful novel La Guerre des boutons (War... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Adrien Bertrand (4 August 1888 - 18 November 1917) was a French novelist whose short career was punctuated by a series of striking surrealist anti-war novels, written as Bertrand lay dying from complications involved in a wound he suffered whilst serving with the French Army in the First World War. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... RenÃ© Benjamin (1885 in Paris, France - 1948 in Tours, France) was a French author. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Henri Barbusse (May 17, 1873 - August 30, 1935) was a French novelist and journalist. ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Georges Duhamel (June 30, 1884 - April 13, 1966), was a French author, born in Paris. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Proust redirects here. ... In Search of Lost Time (fr. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Ernest PÃ©rochon (1885-1942) was a French writer who received the Prix Goncourt in 1920 for his book NÃªne. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... RenÃ© Maran (1887 â€“ 1960) was the first black writer to win the French Prix Goncourt. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Maurice Bedel (1883-1954) Maurice Bedel (Paris, December 30, 1883 - Thuré (Vienne), October 15, 1954) was a French novelist and essayist. ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Marcel Arland (Varennes-sur-Amance, 5 July 1899 â€” Haute-Marne, 12 January 1986), was a French novelist, literary critic, and journalist. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... AndrÃ© Malraux, French author, adventurer, and statesman AndrÃ© Malraux (November 3, 1901 - November 23, 1976) was a French author, adventurer and statesman preeminent in the world of French politics and culture during his lifetime. ... Written by Andre Malraux in 1933, Mans Fate La Condition Humane is about a group of communist revolutionaries in China. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Charles Plisnier (1896 - 1952) was a Belgian writer from Wallonia. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Henri Troyat (born Lev Aslanovich Tarasov, November 1, 1911) is a French author, biographer, historian and novelist. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Philippe HÃ©riat (September 15, 1898 - October 10, 1971) was a multi-talented French novelist, playwright and actor. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Elsa Triolet. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Maurice Druon (born April 23, 1918) is a French novelist and member of AcadÃ©mie franÃ§aise. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... Robert Merle (August 28, 1908 - March 28, 2004) was a French novelist. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Paul Colin (Nancy 1892â€“1985) was a French poster designer and at one time, briefly, the lover of Josephine Baker. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Julien Gracq (born July 29, 1910) is the pen name of Louis Poirier, a French writer. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... BÃ©atrix Beck (Villars-sur-Ollon, Switzerland 14 July 1914) is a Belgian writer. ... LÃ©on Morin, prÃªtre is a 1952 novel by BÃ©atrix Beck, which won the Prix Goncourt. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Beauvoir redirects here. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Romain Gary (May 8, 1914 â€“ December 2, 1980) was a French novelist, film director, World War II pilot, and diplomat. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Roger Vailland (1907-1965) was a French novelist, essayist, and screenwriter. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... AndrÃ© Schwarz-Bart AndrÃ© Schwarz-Bart (May 28, 1928, Metz, France - September 30, 2006, Pointe-Ã -Pitre, Guadeloupe) was a French novelist of Polish-Jewish origins. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... VintilÄƒ (also rendered as Vintila) Horia (December 18, 1915â€”April 4, 1992) was a Romanian writer. ... Dieu est nÃ© en exil (God was born in exile) is a novel written by VintilÄƒ Horia, for which he was awarded the prestigious Prix Goncourt, though he never received this prize. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Jacques Borel (December 17, 1925 â€“ September 25, 2002) is a French author best known for his 1965 novel LAdoration (translated into english as The Bond), which won the Prix Goncourt. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... AndrÃ© Pieyre de Mandiargues (1909 - 1991) was a French writer. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... FÃ©licien Marceau (b. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Michel Tournier (born 1924) is a French writer who was born in Paris. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... Jacques Laurent (1919-2000) was a French writer and journalist. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Romain Gary (May 8, 1914 â€“ December 2, 1980) was a novelist, film director, World War II pilot, and diplomat. ... Romain Gary (May 8, 1914 â€“ December 2, 1980) was a French novelist, film director, World War II pilot, and diplomat. ... Madame Rosa (La Vie devant soi) (1977) is a French film directed by MoshÃ© Mizrahi. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Patrick Modiano is a French language novelist born 30 July 1945 in Boulogne-Billancourt of a father of Italian origins and a Belgian mother, Louisa Colpijn (actress). ... For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song). ... Antonine Maillet in 1984 The Honourable Antonine Maillet, PC, CC, OQ, ONB, LL.D, FRSC, (born May 10, 1929) is a Canadian Acadian novelist, playwright, and scholar. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Marguerite Donnadieu, better known as Marguerite Duras, (April 4, 1914 â€“ March 3, 1996) was a French writer and film director. ... The Lover (French LAmant) is an autobiographical novel by Marguerite Duras, published in 1984 by Les Éditions de Minuit. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Yann Queffelec (born September 4, 1949) is a French author who won the Prix Goncourt in 1985 for his novel Les Noces barbares. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tahar Ben Jelloun(Arabic: Ø·Ø§Ù‡Ø± Ø¨Ù†Ø¬Ù„ÙˆÙ†) (born in Fez, 1944) is a Moroccan poet and writer. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Erik Orsenna is a French novelist born in Paris (1947) member of the Academie Francaise (since 1998). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Jean Rouaud (born December 13, 1952) is a French author who was born in Campbon (Loire-InfÃ©rieure). ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Patrick Chamoiseau is a Martinican author known for his work in the crÃ©olitÃ© movement. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Amin Maalouf (Arabic: ; born (25 February 1949 in Beirut) is a Lebanese author. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Didier Van Cauwelaert (July 29, 1960) is a French author who was born in Nice. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... AndreÃ¯ Makine is a Russian-born French author. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Jean Echenoz (born December 26, 1947 in Orange, France) is a French writer. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... Jean-Jacques Schuhl (born October 9, 1941 in Marseille) is a French author, recipient of the 2000 Prix Goncourt literary award for his novel Ingrid Caven. ... This article is about the year 2001. ... Jean-Christophe Rufin (born June 28, 1952) is a French physician and novelist. ... Rouge BrÃ©sil is a French historical novel by Jean-Christophe_Rufin which recounts the unsuccessful French attempt to conquer Brazil in the 16th century, against a background of wars of religion and a rite-of-passage discovery of the charms and secrets of the Amerindian world. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Pascal Quignard (born April 23, 1948) is a French writer who was born in Verneuil-sur-Avre. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jacques-Pierre Amette (born 1943) is a French writer who was born in Normandy. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ...

See also