Provençal (Prouvençau in Provençal language) is one of several dialects of the The Romance languages, also called Romanic languages, are a subfamily of the Italic languages, specifically the descendants of the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken by the common people evolving in different areas after the break-up of the Roman Empire. Latin itself is considered an Italic but not a Romance language... Romance language Occitan, or langue doc is a Romance language characterized by its richness, variability, and by the intelligibility of its dialects. It is spoken by 2 to 10 million people in France, Italy, and Spain 8. An estimated 7 million people in France understand the language. It must be noted... Occitan, which is spoken by a minority of people in southern The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... France and other areas of France.

"Provençal" is often used to refer to all dialects of Occitan, but actually refers specifically to the dialect spoken in the former The kingdom of France was organized into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département system superseded provinces. The change was an attempt to eradicate local loyalties based on feudal ownership of land and focus all loyalty on the central government in Paris. The names of... province of Provence is a former province and is now a region of southeastern France, located on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Frances border with Italy. It is now part of the administrative région of Provence-Alpes-Côte-dAzur. The traditional region of Provence encompasses the départements... Provence as well as south of Dauphiné and the Location within France Nîmes is a city and commune of southern France, préfecture (capital) of the Gard département. Population (1999): 133,424. History The city derives its name from Nemausus, perhaps the sacred wood in which the Celtic tribe of Volcae Arecomici (who of... Nîmes region in Coat of arms of the province of Languedoc, now being used as an official flag by the Midi-Pyrénees region as well as by the city of Toulouse Languedoc (Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions of Languedoc... Languedoc and the upper valleys of Piedmont is a region of northwestern Italy. It has an area of 25,400 km2 and a population of est. 4.3 million. Its capital is Turin. Piedmont is surrounded on three sides by the Alps mountain range, including the Monviso, where the Po River rises. It borders with France... Piedmont, The Italian Republic or Italy ( Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. It comprises a boot-shaped peninsula and two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia, and shares its northern alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent countries of San... Italy (Val Mairo, Val Varacho, Val d'Esturo, Entraigas, Limoun, Vinai, Pignerol, Sestriero).

"Provençal" is also the customary name given to the older version of the langue d'oc used by the For the article about the night club in West Hollywood, California, see: Troubadour (nightclub). A troubador (or troubadour) was a composer and performer of songs in particular styles during the Middle Ages in Europe. The word troubadour comes from the Occitan verb trobar which means find. It is used to... troubadours of The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. The Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the Western Roman Empire... medieval Literature is literally an acquaintance with letters as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning an individual written character (letter)). The term has, however, generally come to identify a collection of texts. The word literature, as a common noun, can refer to... literature, corresponding to Old French is a term sometimes used to refer to the langue doïl, the continuum of varieties of Romance language spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of Belgium and Switzerland during the period roughly from 1000 to 1300 A.D... Old French of the northern areas of France.

Also, some secluded areas of Sicily still bear significant traces of Provençal in terms of vocabulary and pronunciation.

Sub-Dialects

Four main sub-dialects are identified. These are:

• Rhodanien
• Maritime (Provençal)
• Gavot
• Niçard

A fifth sub-dialect, the Shuadit or Judeo-Provençal is considered as extinct since 1977, the This article deals with the Nazi Holocaust. For other meanings of the word Holocaust see Holocaust (disambiguation) Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust refers to Nazi Germanys systematic genocide of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II starting in 1941 and continuing through... Holocaust being the major cause of its extinction.

Literature

Modern Provençal literature was given impetus by Nobel laureate Frédéric Mistral and the association Félibrige he founded with other writers.

Miscellaneous

The Provençal language is not to be confused with the Franco-Provençal language, a non-langue d'oc language.

See also

• There are a number of languages of France, although the French language is by far the most widely spoken and the only official language of the country. However, several historical regional languages are still spoken to varying degrees. Some of them are sometimes called patois, but this term (roughly meaning... Languages of France

External Links

• Provençal - English Dictionary (http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Provencal-english/)