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Encyclopedia > Psilocybe cyanescens
Wikipedia:How to read a taxobox
How to read a taxobox
Psilocybe cyanescens

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Homobasidiomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Strophariaceae
Genus: Psilocybe
Species: P. cyanescens
Binomial name
Psilocybe cyanescens
Wakefield
Psilocybe cyanescens
mycological characteristics:
i
 
gills on hymenium
 

cap is flat Source: http://www. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota Fungi (singular fungus) are a kingdom of eukaryotic organisms. ... Classes Subdivision Teliomycotina    Urediniomycetes Subdivision Ustilaginomycotina    Ustilaginomycetes Subdivision Hymenomycotina    Homobasidiomycetes- mushrooms    Heterobasidiomycetes- jelly fungi The Division Basidiomycota is a large taxon within the Kingdom Fungi that includes those species that produce spores in a club-shaped structure called a basidium. ... former Orders Subclass Homobasidiomycetidae    Agaricales    Boletales    Cantharellales    Corticiales    Ganodermatales    Gomphales    Hericiales    Hydnales    Hymenochaetales    Polyporales (Aphyllophorales)    Poriales    Russulales    Schizophyllales    Stereales    Thelephorales Subclass Gasteromycetidae    Lycoperdales    Nidulariales    Phallales    Sclerodermatales    Tulostomatales The Class Homobasidiomycetes is a taxonomic division in the Subdivision Hymenomycotina of the Division Basidiomycota (in the Kingdom Fungi). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Genera Hypholoma Kuehneromyces Melanotus Phaeogalera Pholiota Psilocybe Stropharia Strophariaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. ... This article or section is missing citation of sources. ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Image File history File links Gills_icon. ... Classes Homobasidiomycetes - mushrooms Heterobasidiomycetes - jelly fungi The Subdivision Hymenomycotina (Hymenomycetes) is one of three taxa of the fungal Division Basidiomycota (fungi bearing spores on basidia). ... Image File history File links Flat_cap_icon. ... The cap of a fungal fruiting body. ...

 
 

hymenium is adnate or subdecurrent Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Classes Homobasidiomycetes - mushrooms Heterobasidiomycetes - jelly fungi The Subdivision Hymenomycotina (Hymenomycetes) is one of three taxa of the fungal Division Basidiomycota (fungi bearing spores on basidia). ... Classes Homobasidiomycetes - mushrooms Heterobasidiomycetes - jelly fungi The Subdivision Hymenomycotina (Hymenomycetes) is one of three taxa of the fungal Division Basidiomycota (fungi bearing spores on basidia). ...

 

stipe is bare Image File history File links Bare_stipe_icon. ... Diagram of a basidiomycete stipe with a annulus and vulva In mycology a stipe refers to the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. ...

 

spore print is black Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Making a spore print of the mushroom Volvariella volvacea shown in composite: (photo lower half) mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; (photo upper half) cap removed after 24 hours showing pinkish-tan spore print. ...

 

ecology is saprophytic Image File history File links Saprophytic_ecology_icon. ... A saprotroph (or saprobe) is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds. ...

 

edibility: psychoactive Image File history File links Psychoactive_toxicity_icon. ... A handful of freshly picked Psilocybe semilanceata, sometimes referred to as Liberty Caps. ...

For information on the effects of this mushroom see the Psilocybin article. Psilocybin (also known as psilocybine), is a psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family. ...


Wavy cap or Caramel-capped psilocybe (Psilocybe cyanescens Wakef.) is a psychedelic mushroom whose main active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. It belongs to the family Strophariaceae in the order Agaricales. It was described from Kew Gardens, United Kingdom, by E. M. Wakefield in the 1940s. It is one of the most popular psychoactive fungi. There are two concepts of this species as Psilocybe cyanescens Wakef. emend. Krieglst. (Krieglsteiner 1984) and Psilocybe cyanescens Wakef. sensu stricto (Borovička 2005). The most related species is Psilocybe azurescens Stamets & Gartz which differs by conical and acutely umbonated pileus, mottled stipe with remains of veil building a well-developed fibrillose annular zone, large fruit bodies and somewhat longer spores. Some European (EU) or Australian (AU) species are close to Psilocybe cyanescens, especially Psilocybe serbica (EU), Psilocybe arcana (EU), Psilocybe moravica (EU), Psilocybe aucklandii (AU), Psilocybe eucalypta (AU) and others. A handful of freshly picked Psilocybe semilanceata, sometimes referred to as Liberty Caps. ... Psilocybin (also known as psilocybine), is a psychedelic alkaloid of the tryptamine family. ... Psilocin, sometimes misspelled psilocine or psilotsin, is a psychedelic (hallucinogenic) mushroom alkaloid. ... Genera Hypholoma Kuehneromyces Melanotus Phaeogalera Pholiota Psilocybe Stropharia Strophariaceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Contents

Appearance

Psilocybe cyanescens has a hygrophanous pileus that is fawn-brown or chestnut-brown when moist, fading to pale ochraceous or slightly yellowish. It bruises with a bluish or blue-green color, often still visible on dried stipe. Cap is usually 2-5 cm across, distinctly wavy in maturity. Lamellae adnate to sligtly subdecurrent, chocolate brown or ochraceous in maturity, with white edge. Fibrillose annular zone on stipe is absent. Microscopically, this species is characterized by common clavate-mucronate pleurocystidia. A pileus (Latin for cap) is a small, horizontal cloud that can appear above a cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud, giving the parent cloud a characteristic hoodlike appearance. ... Diagram of a basidiomycete stipe with a annulus and vulva In mycology a stipe refers to the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. ...

Cyanescens in situ
Cyanescens in situ

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1200 × 1600 pixel, file size: 210 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Psilocybe cyanescens in situ Seattle Washington September 2005 I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1200 × 1600 pixel, file size: 210 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Psilocybe cyanescens in situ Seattle Washington September 2005 I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... In situ is a Latin phrase meaning in the place. ...

Habitat and distribution

Psilocybe cyanescens grows on woody debris - in the presence of woodchips and mulched plant beds (particularly under rhododendrons). In the U.S., P. cyanescens occurs mainly in the Pacific Northwest, south to northern California. It can be found as well as in Western and Central Europe. This species was likely introduced to Europe, where it occurs mainly in cemeteries, botanic gardens and city parks. Trunks A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is a solid material derived from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ... Subgenera Azaleastrum Candidastrum Hymenanthes Mumeazalea Pentanthera (Azaleas) Rhododendron Therorhodion Tsutsusi (Azaleas) Vireya Source: RBG, Edinburgh Rhododendron (from the Greek: rhodos, rose, and dendron, tree) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. ... The Pacific Northwest from space This page is about the region that includes parts of Canada and the US. For the US only region, see Northwestern United States The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...

Cyanescens cross section
Cyanescens cross section

Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...

Legal status

Possession and/or cultivation of this species is illegal in a number of countries, including the United States.


Psilocybin mushrooms are not specifically named in the U.S.A. federal scheduling system, however their two primary active chemicals Psilocybin and Psilocin are both Schedule I in the United States. This means they are illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, or distribute (sell, trade or give) without a DEA license. Fresh and dried psilocybin mushrooms are considered containers of Psilocybin and Psilocin, making them illegal to possess as well.


Because spores contain no psilocybin or psilocin, they are legal to sell and possess (in all states except California, Georgia and Idaho[1]). But in most states, it is illegal to cultivate or propogate spores into mycelium since mycelium generally contains both psilocybin and psilocin.


Some states in the U.S. and some countries have ruled that growing psilocybe mushrooms does not qualify as 'manufacturing' a controlled substance (psilocybin).[2]


References

  • Stamets, Paul (1993). Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-175-4. 
  • Stamets, Paul; Chilton, J.S. (1983). Mushroom Cultivator, The. Olympia: Agarikon Press. ISBN 0-9610798-0-0. 
  • Stamets, Paul (1996). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-9610798-0-0. 
  • Krieglsteiner G. J. (1984): Studien zum Psilocybe cyanescens-Komplex in Europa. – Beitr. Kenntn. Pilze Mitteleur. 1: 61-94.
  • Borovička J. (2005): The bluing Psilocybe species of the Czech Republic IV. The problem of Psilocybe cyanescens Wakef. Mykologický Sborník 82 (1): 1-21. ISSN 0374-9436.

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Amanita muscaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1665 words)
This mushroom is psychoactive although it is not related to Psilocybe species as many presume, has been used as an entheogen in rituals to communicate to the spirit world, largely in Siberia, with some reported incidents elsewhere in the northern hemisphere.
Psilocybe and Amanita are not chemically related with regard to their psychoactive properties and therefore produce markedly different psychoactive effects.
The active ingredient is excreted in the urine of those consuming the mushrooms, and it has sometimes been the practice for a shaman to consume the mushrooms, and the rest of the tribe to drink his urine: the shaman, in effect, partially detoxifying the drug (the sweat- and twitch-causing muscarine is absent in the urine).
Copelandia cyanescens - Azarius (1825 words)
Concerning the distribution of Psilocybe, the majority of the species are found in the subtropical humid forests of Mexico and New Guinea.
Copelandia cyanescens, which seems to be of Asian origin, may have been introduced into the Hawaiian Islands with cattle which were imported from the Philippines during the early 1800's.
Panaeolus cyanescens and Psilocybe cyanescens are not the same mushroom.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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