Punk rock is an anti-establishment rock music genre and movement that emerged in the mid-1970s. Preceded by a variety of protopunk music of the 1960s and early 1970s, punk rock developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Groups such as the Ramones, in New York City, and the Sex Pistols and The Clash, in London, were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement. By 1977, punk was spreading around the world. Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, and emerged in the early-1950s. ... Garage rock is a raw form of rock and roll that was first popular in the United States and Canada from about 1963 to 1967. ... Frat rock was an early influential American subgenre of rock and roll / roots rock. ... Psychedelic rock is a style of rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. ... Pub rock was a mid- to late-1970s musical movement, largely centred around North London and South East Essex, particularly Canvey Island and Southend on Sea. ... Glam rock (also known as glitter rock), is a rock music style that developed in the UK in the post-hippie early 1970s which was performed by singers and musicians wearing outrageous clothes, makeup, hairstyles, and platform-soled boots. ... Protopunk is a term used to describe a number of performers who were important precursors of punk rock, or who have been cited by early punk rockers as influential. ... For other uses, see Singer (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... A sunburst-colored Fender Precision Bass The electric bass guitar (or electric bass[1][2]; pronounced , as in base) is a bass stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers (either by plucking, slapping, popping, or tapping) or using a pick. ... For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ... Pop punk is used for two separate subgenres of punk rock music: the kind typically found on Lookout! Records, which stray very little from the three-chord formula that The Ramones pioneered, as well as a newer subgenre of melodic, more emotional punk, which includes by bands like NOFX and... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... New Wave was a music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the early-to-mid 1980s. ... Post punk generally refers to the particularly fertile and creative period following the initial punk rock explosion. During the first wave of punk, roughly spanning 1976-1983, bands such as The Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Ramones and The Damned began to challenge the current styles and conventions of rock... Alternative music redirects here. ... Look up emo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The suffix -punk appears in the names of a number of genres of modern fiction and music. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... Art punk is a music genre that is artistic, experimental and avant garde in nature. ... Garage punk is a subgenre of punk rock that is heavily influenced by garage rock. ... Gothic rock (sometimes called goth rock or simply goth) is a genre of alternative rock that originated during the late 1970s. ... Glam punk is glam rock and punk rock music. ... Hardcore Punk is a subgenre of Punk Rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s. ... Horror punk is a music genre that was defined by the band The Misfits, blending horror movie lyrical themes and imagery with musical influences from early punk rock, doo-wop, and, to a lesser degree, rockabilly. ... For other uses, see Oi! (disambiguation). ... Riot grrrl (or riot grrl) is an indie/punk feminist movement that reached its height in the 1990s but continues to exert influence over alternative cultures. ... Skate punk (also known as skatepunk, skate-punk, skate-thrash, surf punk, or skate-core) was named because of its popularity among skateboarders, and the fact that many members of skate punk bands were themselves skaters. ... Christian punk is a form of Christian alternative music and a subgenre of punk rock with some degree of Christian lyrical content. ... Two Punk Front members (1978). ... Anti-folk (or antifolk) is a genre of music related to punk rock and American folk music that originated in the mid-1980s in New York City. ... Celtic punk (also known as Paddybeat, Celtcore, Jig punk, or Rock and Reel) is a music genre typically associated with Irish punks or punks from the Irish diaspora; although other Celtic nationalities, such as Scottish, Manx and Welsh people are also represented. ... Chicano Rock Music is rock music performed by Mexican American groups or music with themes derived from Chicano culture. ... Cowpunk or Country Punk is a subgenre of punk rock that began in southern California in the 1980s, especially Los Angeles. ... Deathrock is a term used to identify a subgenre of punk rock and Goth which incorporates elements of horror and spooky atmospheres within a Goth-Punk style and first emerged most prominently in the West Coast of the United States and London during the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... The Anarchy Heart, a symbol popular in the young radical community, particularly with Folk Punks and Anarchists. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Pop punk is used for two separate subgenres of punk rock music: the kind typically found on Lookout! Records, which stray very little from the three-chord formula that The Ramones pioneered, as well as a newer subgenre of melodic, more emotional punk, which includes by bands like NOFX and... Psychobilly is a genre of rock music that mixes elements of punk rock, rockabilly, and other genres. ... Allmusic. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The California punk scene is a regional punk music scene that started in the late 1970s and still exists today. ... Punk rock and punk subculture have created a popular scene in Germany since punk music became popular in the 1970s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Brisbane punk rock scene between 1975 and 1984 is generally regarded as producing “some of the most anarchistic bands of the Australian punk rock era”. [1] The development of Brisbane’s punk rock movement differed to other cities because of its isolation from the rest of Australia and because... The DIY ethic (do it yourself ethic) refers to the ethic of being self-reliant and doing things yourself as opposed to paying others to do it. ... Early punk rock musicians (1970s-1980) // 999 Acme Sewage Company Abrasive Wheels The Adicts The Adverts Alternative TV Amazorblades Angelic Upstarts Anti-Nowhere League Anti-Pasti The Angry Samoans The Au Pairs The Automatics The Avengers Bad Brains Bad Religion The Bags Big Balls and the Great White Idiot Big... Queercore is a cultural and social movement that began in the mid 1980s as an offshoot of punk. ... Punk fashion is the styles of clothing, hairstyles, cosmetics, jewelry, and body modifications of the punk subculture. ... This is a list of protopunk bands and individuals who were influential in the development of punk rock. ... Punk ideologies are a group of varied social and political beliefs associated with the punk subculture. ... List of punk movies, i. ... A punk zine (or punkzine) is a fanzine devoted to punk rock music, bands, or the DIY punk philosophy. ... The punk subculture is a subculture that is based around punk rock. ... This is a timeline of punk rock, from its beginnings in the early 1960s to the present time. ... This is a list of bands that are considered part of the second wave of punk rock, beginning in the 1980s. ... For the drawing or cutting tool, see Straightedge. ... It has been suggested that this list be merged into a category entitled Category:Punk rock groups. ... A number of overlapping punk rock genres have developed since the emergence of punk rock (often shortened to punk) in the mid 1970s. ... Not to be confused with antidisestablishmentarianism. ... This article is about the genre. ... Protopunk is a term used to describe a number of performers who were important precursors of punk rock, or who have been cited by early punk rockers as influential. ... This article is about the band. ... Sex Pistols are an iconic and highly influential English punk rock band, formed in London in 1975. ... This article is about the English punk rock band. ...

Punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock, and created fast, hard music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political or nihilistic lyrics. The associated punk subculture expresses youthful rebellion and is characterized by distinctive clothing styles, a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies, and a DIY (do it yourself) attitude. This article is about the philosophical position. ... The punk subculture is a subculture that is based around punk rock. ... Punk fashion is the styles of clothing, hairstyles, cosmetics, jewelry, and body modifications of the punk subculture. ... Punk ideologies are a group of varied social and political beliefs associated with the punk subculture. ... The DIY ethic (do it yourself ethic) refers to the ethic of being self-reliant and doing things yourself as opposed to paying others to do it. ...

Punk rock quickly, though briefly, became a major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom. For the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. By the beginning of the 1980s, even faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and Oi! had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to the alternative rock movement. By the turn of the century, new pop punk bands such as Green Day were bringing the genre widespread popularity decades after its inception. Hardcore Punk is a subgenre of Punk Rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s. ... For other uses, see Oi! (disambiguation). ... Alternative music redirects here. ... Pop punk is used for two separate subgenres of punk rock music: the kind typically found on Lookout! Records, which stray very little from the three-chord formula that The Ramones pioneered, as well as a newer subgenre of melodic, more emotional punk, which includes by bands like NOFX and... This article is about the band Green Day. ...

Characteristics

Philosophy

The Ramones' 1976 debut album. "The band's first four albums set the blueprint for punk, especially American punk and hardcore, for the next two decades"^[1]

The first wave of punk rock aimed to be aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast and sentimentality of early 1970s rock.^[2] According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, "In its initial form, a lot of [1960s] stuff was innovative and exciting. Unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere. By 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock 'n' roll."^[3] John Holmstrom, founding editor of Punk magazine, recalls feeling "punk rock had to come along because the rock scene had become so tame that [acts] like Billy Joel and Simon and Garfunkel were being called rock and roll, when to me and other fans, rock and roll meant this wild and rebellious music."^[4] In critic Robert Christgau's description, "It was also a subculture that scornfully rejected the political idealism and Californian flower-power silliness of hippie myth."^[5] Patti Smith, in contrast, suggests in the documentary 25 Years of Punk that the hippies and the punk rockers were linked by a common anti-establishment mentality. This image is the cover of an album or single. ... This image is the cover of an album or single. ... This article is about the band. ... Ramones is the self-titled debut album by the Ramones. ... This article is about the band. ... Tommy Ramone (born Tamás Erdélyi, January 29, 1952 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Hungarian-American record producer and drummer. ... Jimi Hendrix (November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American guitar virtuoso, singer and songwriter. ... John Holmstrom is an artist/cartoonist and writer, as well as the co-founder of Punk Magazine with Legs McNeil at the age of 22 in late 1975. ... Punk cover, issue 3, 1976 Punk was a fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, publisher Ged Dunn and resident punk Legs McNeil. ... William Joseph Martin Billy Joel (born May 9, 1949) is an American pianist and singer-songwriter. ... The duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel are US-American popular musicians known collectively as Simon and Garfunkel. ... Robert Christgau (born April 18, 1942), is an American essayist, music journalist, and the self-declared Dean of American Rock Critics.[1] In print, his name is sometimes abbreviated as Xgau. ... Patricia Lee (Patti) Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American musician, singer, and poet. ...

Throughout punk rock history, technical accessibility and a DIY spirit have been prized. In the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands.^[6] Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion. According to Holmstrom, punk rock was "rock and roll by people who didn't have very much skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music".^[4] In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns famously published an illustration of three chords, captioned "This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. Now form a band."^[7] The title of a 1980 single by New York punk band The Stimulators, "Loud Fast Rules!", inscribed a catchphrase for punk's basic musical approach.^[8] See also: DIY Network, a cable TV network. ... A fanzine (see also: zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular cultural phenomenon (such as a literary or musical genre) for the pleasure of others who share their interest. ...

Some of British punk rock's leading figures made a show of rejecting not only contemporary mainstream rock and the broader culture it was associated with, but their own most celebrated predecessors: "No Elvis, Beatles or the Rolling Stones in 1977", declared The Clash song "1977".^[9] The previous year, when the punk rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural "Year Zero".^[10] Even as nostalgia was discarded, many in the scene adopted a nihilistic attitude summed up by the Sex Pistols slogan "No Future".^[2] Others found positive, liberating meaning in the movement. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummer's outlook, "Punk rock is meant to be our freedom. We're meant to be able to do what we want to do."^[11] Elvis redirects here. ... The Beatles appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as part of their first tour of the United States, promoting their first hit single there, I Want To Hold Your Hand. ... This article is about the rock band. ... This article is about the English punk rock band. ... Sex Pistols are an iconic and highly influential English punk rock band, formed in London in 1975. ... John Graham Mellor (August 21, 1952 – December 22, 2002), better known as Joe Strummer, was the co-founder, lyricist, rhythm guitarist and lead singer of the English punk rock band The Clash. ...

Musical and lyrical elements

Punk rock bands often emulate the bare musical structures and arrangements of 1960s garage rock.^[12] Typical punk rock instrumentation includes one or two electric guitars, an electric bass, and a drum kit, along with vocals. Punk rock songs tend to be shorter than those of other popular genres—on the Ramones' debut album, for instance, half of the fourteen tracks are under two minutes long. Most early punk rock songs retained a traditional rock 'n' roll verse-chorus form and 4/4 time signature. However, punk rock bands in the movement's second wave and afterward have often broken from this format. In critic Steven Blush's description, "The Sex Pistols were still rock'n'roll...like the craziest version of Chuck Berry. Hardcore was a radical departure from that. It wasn't verse-chorus rock. It dispelled any notion of what songwriting is supposed to be. It's its own form."^[13] Garage rock is a raw form of rock and roll that was first popular in the United States and Canada from about 1963 to 1967. ... Ramones is the self-titled debut album by the Ramones. ... Verse-chorus form is a musical form common in popular music and predominant in rock since the 1960s. ... The time signature (also known as meter signature) is a notational convention used in Western musical notation to specify how many beats are in each measure and what note value constitutes one beat. ... Charles Edward Anderson Chuck Berry (born 18 October 1926, St. ... Hardcore Punk is a subgenre of Punk Rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s. ...

Punk rock vocals sometimes sound nasal,^[14] and lyrics are often shouted instead of sung in a conventional sense, particularly in hardcore styles.^[15] The vocal approach is characterized by a lack of variety; shifts in pitch, volume, or intonational style are relatively infrequent—the Sex Pistols' Johnny Rotten constituting a significant exception.^[16] Complicated guitar solos are considered self-indulgent and unnecessary, although basic guitar breaks are common.^[17] Guitar parts tend to include highly distorted power chords or barre chords, creating a characteristic sound described by Christgau as a "buzzsaw drone".^[18] Some punk rock bands take a surf rock approach with a lighter, twangier guitar tone. A wild, "gonzo" attack is sometimes employed, a style that stretches from Robert Quine, lead guitarist of seminal punk rock band The Voidoids, back through The Velvet Underground to the 1950s recordings of Ike Turner.^[19] Bass guitar lines are often uncomplicated; the quintessential approach is a relentless, repetitive "forced rhythm".^[20] Some punk rock bass players such as Mike Watt emphasize more technical bass lines. Bassists often use a plectrum rather than fingerpicking due to the rapid succession of notes, which makes fingerpicking impractical. Drums typically sound heavy and dry, and often have a minimal set-up. Compared to other forms of rock, syncopation is much less the rule.^[21] Hardcore drumming tends to be especially fast.^[15] Production tends to be minimalistic, with tracks sometimes laid down on home tape recorders.^[22] The typical objective is to have the recording sound unmanipulated, "real", reflecting the commitment and "authenticity" of a live performance.^[23] John Lydon John Joseph Lydon (born January 31, 1956), also known as Johnny Rotten (a nickname derived from the state of his teeth) was the iconoclastic lead singer of the Sex Pistols and Public Image Ltd (PiL) and an Irish individualist anarchist. ... In music, a power chord is an interval which serves the diatonic function of a major or minor chord. ... Barre chords are a type of guitar chord where one or more fingers are used to fret (press down) several or all of the strings across the guitar fingerboard in order to play a chord not restricted by the tones of the guitars open strings. ... In the early 1960s, one of the most popular forms of rock and roll was surf rock. ... This article is about the word Twang. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Gonzo journalism. ... Robert Quine (December 30, 1942 - May 31, 2004), a native of Akron, Ohio, was a guitarist known for his innovative guitar solos. ... The Voidoids, also known as Richard Hell and the Voidoids, were a New York City punk rock band of the late 1970s, fronted by Richard Hell, a former member of Television. ... This article is about the rock band. ... Ike Turner (born Ike Wister Turner, November 5, 1931 – December 12, 2007) was an two-time Grammy Award-winning American musician, bandleader, talent scout, and record producer, best known for his work with his then wife Tina Turner as one half of the Ike & Tina Turner duo. ... Michael David Watt (born December 20, 1957 in Portsmouth, Virginia) is a bass guitarist, singer and songwriter, best-known for co-founding the punk rock bands The Minutemen and fIREHOSE; as of 2003, he is also the bassist for the reunited Iggy Pop & The Stooges. ... Various guitar picks A plectrum is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Fingerstyle guitar. ... In music, syncopation is when a stressing of a normally unstressed beat in a bar or failure to sound a tone on an accented beat occurs. ...

The Clash, performing in 1980

Punk rock lyrics are typically frank and confrontational; compared to other popular music genres, they frequently comment on social and political issues.^[24] Trend-setting songs such as The Clash's "Career Opportunities" and Chelsea's "Right to Work" deal with unemployment and the grim realities of urban life.^[25] Especially in early British punk, a central goal was to outrage and shock the mainstream.^[26] The Sex Pistols classics "Anarchy in the U.K." and "God Save the Queen" openly disparage the British political system and social mores. There is also a characteristic strain of anti-sentimental depictions of relationships and sex, exemplified by "Love Comes in Spurts", written by Richard Hell and recorded by him with The Voidoids. Anomie, variously expressed in the poetic terms of Hell's "Blank Generation" and the bluntness of the Ramones' "Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue", is a common theme. Identifying punk with such topics aligns with the view expressed by Search and Destroy founder V. Vale: "Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done before by any generation in such a thorough way."^[27] However, many punk rock lyrics deal in more traditional rock 'n' roll themes of courtship, heartbreak, and hanging out; the approach ranges from the deadpan, aggressive simplicity of Ramones standards such as "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend"^[28] to the more unambiguously sincere style of many later pop punk groups. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article is about the English punk rock band. ... See Career Opportunities (film) for the movie of this same title. ... Chelsea was an early punk band, formed in London in 1977. ... Anarchy in the U.K. is the title track of the first single by Sex Pistols, released on November 26, 1976. ... God Save the Queen (B-side Did You No Wrong) was the second single released by the punk rock band Sex Pistols. ... Richard Hell (born October 2, 1949) is the stage name of Richard Meyers, an American singer, songwriter, bass guitarist and writer. ... Anomie, in contemporary English, means a condition or malaise in individuals, characterized by an absence or diminution of standards or values. ... RE/Search Publications is a United States magazine and book publisher, based in San Francisco, founded and edited by V. Vale in 1980. ... V. Vale is the publisher and primary contributor to books and magazines published by his company, RE/Search Publications. ...

Visual and other elements

UK punks, circa 1986

The classic punk rock look among male U.S. musicians harkens back to the T-shirt, motorcycle jacket, and jeans ensemble favored by American greasers of the 1950s associated with the rockabilly scene and by British rockers of the 1960s. The cover of the Ramones' 1976 debut album, featuring a shot of the band by Punk photographer Roberta Bayley, set forth the basic elements of a style that was soon widely emulated by rock musicians both punk and nonpunk.^[29] Richard Hell's more androgynous, ragamuffin look—and reputed invention of the safety-pin aesthetic—was a major influence on Sex Pistols impresario Malcolm McLaren and, in turn, British punk style.^[30][31] Early female punk musicians displayed styles ranging from Siouxsie Sioux's bondage gear to Patti Smith's "straight-from-the-gutter androgyny".^[32] The former proved much more influential on female fan styles.^[33] Over time, tattoos, piercings, and metal-studded and -spiked accessories became increasingly common elements of punk fashion among both musicians and fans. The typical male punk haircut was originally short and choppy; the Mohawk later emerged as a characteristic style.^[34] Those in hardcore scenes often adopt a skinhead look. Image File history File links Punks. ... Image File history File links Punks. ... For other uses of the term, see Greaser This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, and emerged in the early-1950s. ... The definitive Wild One. ... Malcolm McLaren (born Malcolm Robert Andrew Edwards, 22 January 1946, in London) is an English impresario and musician who is best known as being the manager of the punk rock band Sex Pistols. ... Susan Janet Ballion (born May 27, 1957 in Bromley, London), better known by her stage name, Siouxsie Sioux (IPA: , pronounced the same way as Susie Sue), is the lead singer of both the influential rock band Siouxsie & the Banshees and of its splinter group The Creatures. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Punk fashion is the styles of clothing, hairstyles, cosmetics, jewelry, and body modifications of the punk subculture. ... The famous Mohawk leader Joseph Brant wearing a scalp lock. ... Skinheads, named for their close-cropped or shaven heads, are a working-class subculture that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s, and then spread to other parts of the world. ...

The characteristic stage performance style of male punk musicians does not deviate significantly from the macho postures classically associated with rock music.^[35] Female punk musicians broke more clearly from earlier styles. Scholar John Strohm suggests that they did so by creating personas of a type conventionally seen as masculine: "They adopted a tough, unladylike pose that borrowed more from the macho swagger of sixties garage bands than from the calculated bad-girl image of bands like The Runaways."^[32] Scholar Dave Laing describes how bassist Gaye Advert adopted fashion elements associated with male musicians only to generate a stage persona readily consumed as "sexy".^[36] Laing focuses on more innovative and challenging performance styles, seen in the various erotically destabilizing approaches of Siouxsie Sioux, The Slits' Ari Up, and X-Ray Spex's Poly Styrene.^[37] This article is about the 1970s band. ... Gaye Advert (born Gaye Balsden on 29 August 1956) is an English punk rock musician who played bass guitar in the band, The Adverts, in the late 1970s. ... The Slits are an all female punk rock band. ... Ari Up Ari Up is the stage name for the lead vocalist of the influential UK punk group the Slits. ... This article is about the punk band. ... Poly Styrene (born Marianne Elliot) is an English musician. ...

The lack of emphatic syncopation led punk dance to "deviant" forms: The characteristic style was originally the pogo.^[38] Sid Vicious, before he became the Sex Pistols' bassist, is credited as initiating the pogo in Britain as an attendee at one of their concerts.^[39] Moshing is typical at hardcore shows. The lack of conventional dance rhythms was a central factor in limiting punk's mainstream commercial impact.^[40] Punk dance is the variety of dance popular among fans of punk rock and related styles. ... The pogo is a dance where the dancers jump up and down to an eight-count rhythm, similar to the dances of the Pentecostal faith and various African tribes. ... For the professional wrestler, see Sid Eudy. ... This article or section should include material from mosh pit. ...

Breaking down the distance, and even the distinction, between performer and audience is central to the punk ethic.^[41] Fan participation at concerts is thus important; during the movement's first heyday, it was often provoked in an adversarial manner—apparently perverse, but appropriately "punk". First-wave British punk bands such as the Pistols and The Damned insulted and otherwise goaded the audience into intense reactions. Laing has identified three primary forms of audience physical response to goading: can throwing, stage invasion, and spitting or "gobbing".^[42] In the hardcore realm, stage invasion is often a prelude to stage diving. In addition to the numerous fans who have started or joined punk bands, audience members also become important participants via the scene's many amateur periodicals—in England, according to Laing, punk "was the first musical genre to spawn fanzines in any significant numbers."^[43] This article is about the music group. ... Stage diving is the act of leaping from a concert stage into the crowd below. ... A fanzine (see also: zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular cultural phenomenon (such as a literary or musical genre) for the pleasure of others who share their interest. ...

Pre-history

Garage rock and mod

For more details on these topics, see Garage rock and Mod (lifestyle).

In the early and mid-1960s, garage rock bands that came to be recognized as punk rock's progenitors began springing up in many different locations around North America. The Kingsmen, a garage band from Portland, Oregon, had a breakout hit with their 1963 cover of "Louie, Louie," cited as "punk rock's defining ur-text."^[44] The minimalist sound of many garage rock bands was influenced by the harder-edged wing of the British Invasion. The Kinks' hit singles of 1964, "You Really Got Me" and "All Day and All of the Night," have been described as "predecessors of the whole three-chord genre—the Ramones' 1978 'I Don't Want You,' for instance, was pure Kinks-by-proxy."^[45] In 1965, The Who quickly progressed from its debut single, "I Can't Explain", a virtual Kinks clone, to "My Generation". Though it had little impact on the American charts, The Who's mod anthem presaged a more cerebral mix of musical ferocity and rebellious posture that characterized much early British punk rock: John Reed describes The Clash's emergence as a "tight ball of energy with both an image and rhetoric reminiscent of a young Pete Townshend—speed obsession, pop-art clothing, art school ambition."^[46] The Who and fellow mods The Small Faces were among the few rock elders acknowledged by the Sex Pistols.^[47] By 1966, mod was already in decline. U.S. garage rock began to lose steam within a couple of years, but the aggressive musical approach and outsider attitude of "garage psych" bands like The Seeds were picked up and emphasized by groups that were later seen as the crucial figures of protopunk. Garage rock is a raw form of rock and roll that was first popular in the United States and Canada from about 1963 to 1967. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Kingsmen were a rock band from Portland, Oregon who rose suddenly to fame with their recording of Richard Berrys Louie, Louie. ... Louie, Louie is an American rock n roll song written by Richard Berry in 1955. ... An urtext edition of a work of classical music is a printed version intended to reproduce the original intention of the composer as exactly as possible, without any added or changed material. ... For other uses, see British Invasion (disambiguation). ... The Kinks were an English rock group formed in 1963 by lead singer-songwriter Ray Davies, his brother, lead guitarist and vocalist Dave Davies, and bassist Pete Quaife. ... You Really Got Me is a rock song written by Ray Davies and performed by his band, The Kinks. ... All Day and All of the Night was a hit 1964 rock song by the British Invasion band The Kinks. ... The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. ... I Cant Explain is a song released by English rock band The Who in 1965, written by Pete Townshend and produced by Shel Talmy. ... Music sample My Generation Problems? See media help. ... Pete Townshend (born Peter Dennis Blandford Townshend on 19 May 1945 in Chiswick, London), is an award-winning English rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, composer, and writer. ... Small Faces were a British mod group formed in 1965[1] by Steve Marriott, Ronnie Lane, Kenney Jones, and Jimmy Winston (who was soon replaced by Ian McLagan). ... Psychedelic rock is a style of rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. ... The Seeds were a 1960s rock and roll band whose raw and abrasive energy and simple, repetitive lyrics came to exemplify the garage rock style. ...

Protopunk

For more details on this topic, see Protopunk.

In 1969, debut albums by two Michigan-based bands appeared that are commonly regarded as the central protopunk records. In January, Detroit's MC5 released Kick Out the Jams. "Musically the group is intentionally crude and aggressively raw", wrote critic Lester Bangs in Rolling Stone: Protopunk is a term used to describe a number of performers who were important precursors of punk rock, or who have been cited by early punk rockers as influential. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... MC5 (short for Motor City Five) was a hard rock band formed in Detroit, Michigan, USA in 1964 and active until 1972. ... Kick Out the Jams was the first album by Detroit protopunkers MC5, released in 1969. ... Lester Bangs during an interview Leslie Conway Bangs (December 14, 1948 – April 30, 1982) was an American music journalist, author and musician. ... This article is about the magazine. ...

Most of the songs are barely distinguishable from each other in their primitive two-chord structures. You've heard all this before from such notables as the Seeds, Blue Cheer, Question Mark and the Mysterians, and the Kingsmen. The difference here...is in the hype, the thick overlay of teenage-revolution and total-energy-thing which conceals these scrapyard vistas of clichés and ugly noise.... "I Want You Right Now" sounds exactly (down to the lyrics) like a song called "I Want You" by the Troggs, a British group who came on with a similar sex-and-raw-sound image a couple of years ago (remember "Wild Thing"?)^[48] Blue Cheer is a San Francisco-based rock group of the late 1960s and early 1970s, who helped to pioneer heavy metal music. ... ? & the Mysterians were an American rock and roll band formed in Flint, Michigan in 1962. ... The Troggs were a successful English rock band of the 1960s, who had a number of hits in Britain and America, including their most famous song, Wild Thing. The Troggs were from the town of Andover in southern England. ... Wild Thing is a hit song from 1966 originally performed by the English band The Troggs, and written by New York-born songwriter Chip Taylor. ...

Iggy Pop, the "godfather of punk"

That August, The Stooges, from Ann Arbor, premiered with a self-titled album. According to critic Greil Marcus, the band, led by singer Iggy Pop, created "the sound of Chuck Berry's Airmobile—after thieves stripped it for parts".^[49] The album was produced by John Cale, a former member of New York's experimental rock group The Velvet Underground. Having earned a "reputation as the first underground rock band", VU inspired, directly or indirectly, many of those involved in the creation of punk rock.^[50] Image File history File linksMetadata Iggy_pop_davis_b&w_1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Iggy_pop_davis_b&w_1. ... James Newell Osterberg, Jr. ... This article is about the rock band. ... Ann Arbor redirects here. ... The Stooges is the self-titled debut of the rock band The Stooges. ... Greil Marcus (2006) Greil Marcus (born 1945) is an American author, music journalist and cultural critic. ... James Newell Osterberg, Jr. ... Charles Edward Anderson Chuck Berry (born 18 October 1926, St. ... Not to be confused with J. J. Cale. ... This article is about the rock band. ...

In the early 1970s, the New York Dolls updated the original wildness of 1950s rock 'n' roll in a fashion that later became known as glam punk.^[51] The New York duo Suicide played spare, experimental music with a confrontational stage act inspired by that of The Stooges. At the Coventry club in the New York borough of Queens, The Dictators used rock as a vehicle for wise-ass attitude and humor.^[52] In Boston, The Modern Lovers, led by Velvet Underground devotee Jonathan Richman, gained attention with a minimalistic style. In 1974, an updated garage rock scene began to coalesce around the newly opened Rathskeller club in Kenmore Square. Among the leading acts were the Real Kids, founded by former Modern Lover John Felice; Willie Alexander and the Boom Boom Band, whose frontman had been a member of the Velvet Underground for a few months in 1971; and Mickey Clean and the Mezz.^[53] In Ohio, a small but very influential underground rock scene emerged, led by Devo in Akron and Kent and Cleveland's The Electric Eels, Mirrors, and Rocket from the Tombs. In 1975, Rocket from the Tombs split into Pere Ubu and Frankenstein. The Electric Eels and Mirrors both broke up, and The Styrenes emerged from the fallout.^[54] For the self-titled debut album, visit New York Dolls (album) The New York Dolls are a rock band formed in New York City in 1971. ... Glam punk is glam rock and punk rock music. ... Suicide is an American rock music group intermittently active since 1971 and composed of Alan Vega (vocals) and Martin Rev (synthesizers and drum machines). ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... The Dictators are a proto-punk band from New York City. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Jonathan Richman (born 16 May 1951) is an American proto-punk musician. ... The Rathskellar (known as The Rat for short) was a Kenmore Square live music venue in Boston, Massachusetts that opened in 1974. ... View of the Citgo sign in Kenmore Square Kenmore Square is a square in Boston, Massachusetts near Fenway Park, consisting of the intersection of several main avenues, (including Beacon Street and Commonwealth Avenue) as well as several other cross streets, and Kenmore Station, a T stop. ... John Felice (b. ... Willie Alexander & The Confessiones, LP, Somor Music 1982. ... Devo (pronounced DEE-vo or dee-VO, often spelled DEVO or DEV-O) is an American New Wave group formed in Akron, Ohio in 1972. ... Nickname: The Rubber Capital of the World Location within the state of Ohio Country United States State Ohio County Summit Founded 1825 Incorporated 1835 (village) - 1865 (city) Government  - Mayor Don Plusquellic (D) Area  - City  62. ... Nickname: The Tree City Location within the state of Ohio County Portage Mayor John Fender Area    - City 22. ... The Electric Eels were a punk band in the 1970s - 1980s. ... Rocket From The Tombs was an American rock band that formed in the summer of 1974. ... Pere Ubu (or Père Ubu) is the enigmatic central figure of Ubu Roi, a play by Alfred Jarry an experimental Cleveland rock music group named for the above; see Pere Ubu (band) Category: ... The Dead Boys were a punk band that formed in Cleveland, Ohio about 1975, evolving out of the band Rocket From The Tombs. ...

Britain's Deviants, in the late 1960s, played in a range of psychedelic styles with a satiric, anarchic edge and a penchant for situationist-style spectacle presaging the Sex Pistols by almost a decade.^[55] In 1970, the act evolved into the Pink Fairies, which carried on in a similar vein.^[56] With his Ziggy Stardust persona, David Bowie made artifice and exaggeration central—elements, again, that were picked up by the Pistols and certain other punk acts.^[57] Bands in London's pub rock scene stripped the music back to its basics, playing hard, R&B-influenced rock 'n' roll. By 1974, the scene's top act, Dr. Feelgood, was paving the way for others such as The Stranglers and Cock Sparrer that would play a role in the punk explosion. Among the pub rock bands that formed that year was The 101'ers, with lead singer Joe Strummer.^[58] Bands anticipating the forthcoming movement were appearing as far afield as Düsseldorf, West Germany, where "punk before punk" band NEU! formed in 1971, building on the Krautrock tradition of groups such as Can.^[59] In Japan, the anti-establishment Zunō Keisatsu (Brain Police) mixed garage psych and folk. The combo regularly faced censorship challenges, their live act at least once including onstage masturbation.^[60] The Deviants (formally the Social Deviants) were a musical group in the United Kingdom. ... The Situationist International (SI) was a small group of international political and artistic agitators with roots in Marxism, Lettrism and the early 20th century European artistic and political avant-gardes. ... The Pink Fairies were a British heavy/progressive/alternative rock group active in the London (Ladbroke Grove) underground and psychedelic scene of the early 1970s . ... Ziggy Stardust redirects here. ... David Bowie (pronounced ) (born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, producer, arranger, and audio engineer. ... Pub rock was a mid- to late-1970s musical movement, largely centred around North London and South East Essex, particularly Canvey Island and Southend on Sea. ... Dr. Feelgood is a British pub rock band, which was formed in mid 1971. ... The Stranglers are an English rock music group, formed on September 11, 1974 in Guildford, Surrey. ... Cock Sparrer (initially Cock Sparrow) is a punk rock band from East London. ... The 101ers were a pub rock band from the 1970s, notable only as being the band that gave Joe Strummer (later of The Clash) his initial start as a musician. ... John Graham Mellor (August 21, 1952 – December 22, 2002), better known as Joe Strummer, was the co-founder, lyricist, rhythm guitarist and lead singer of the English punk rock band The Clash. ... Düsseldorf (IPA: ) is the capital city of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and one of the economic and cultural centres of Germany and western Europe. ... Neu! (the German word for new, pronounced noy) were a German band, probably the archetypal example of what the UK music press at the time dubbed Krautrock. ... Krautrock, also known as Kosmische Musik, is a generic name for the experimental music scene that appeared in Germany in the late 1960s and gained popularity throughout the 1970s. ... Can was a musical group formed in West Germany in 1968. ...

A new generation of Australian garage rock bands, inspired mainly by The Stooges and MC5, was coming even closer to the sound that would soon be called "punk": In Brisbane, The Saints also recalled the raw live sound of the British Pretty Things, who had made a notorious tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1965.^[61] Radio Birdman, cofounded by Detroit expatriate Deniz Tek in 1974, was playing gigs to a small but fanatical following in Sydney. For other uses, see Brisbane (disambiguation). ... {{Infobox_band | band_name = The Saints | image = | years_active = 1974–present | origin = Brisbane, Queensland, Australia | status = On tour, promoting their new album Imperious Delirium music_genre = Punk Alternative rock | record_label = Harvest Records Sire Mushroom Records | current_members = Chris Bailey Caspar Wijnberg Peter Wilkinson<br The Saints are an influential Australian punk band, formed in Brisbane... The Pretty Things is a 1960s and 1970s rock and roll band from London. ... Radio Birdman was one of the first punk bands in Australia. ... Deniz Tek Deniz Tek is a guitarist/songwriter who is currently a member of Australian group Radio Birdman. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ...

Origin of the term punk

Preceding the mid-1970s, punk, a centuries-old word of obscure etymology, was commonly used to describe "a young male hustler, a gangster, a hoodlum, or a ruffian".^[62] As Legs McNeil explains, "On TV, if you watched cop shows, Kojak, Baretta, when the cops finally catch the mass murderer, they'd say, 'you dirty Punk.' It was what your teachers would call you. It meant that you were the lowest."^[63] The first known use of the phrase "punk rock" appeared in the Chicago Tribune on March 22, 1970, attributed to Ed Sanders, cofounder of New York's anarcho-prankster band The Fugs. Sanders was quoted describing a solo album of his as "punk rock—redneck sentimentality."^[64] In the December 1970 issue of Creem, Lester Bangs, mocking more mainstream rock musicians, made ironic reference to Iggy Pop as "that Stooge punk".^[65] Suicide's Alan Vega credits this usage with inspiring his duo to bill its gigs as a "punk mass" for the next couple of years.^[66] Etymologies redirects here. ... Co-Founder and writer of Punk Magazine, Legs McNeil was also a features editor at Spin magazine and editor in chief of Nerve. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The cover of the Baretta Season 1 DVD set. ... // The Chicago Tribune is a major daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by the Tribune Company. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ed Sanders born August 17, 1939 in Kansas City,Missouri is a poet, singer, social activist, environmentalist, novelist and publisher. ... The Fugs second album (1966) The Fugs was a band formed in New York City in 1965 by Ed Sanders and Tuli Kupferberg, with Ken Weaver on drums. ... CREEM, Americas Only Rock n Roll Magazine, was a monthly rock n roll publication started in 1969 by Barry Kramer and founding editor Tony Reay. ... Alan Vega (born 1948) is the vocalist for 1970s and 80s punk/post punk duo Suicide. ...

Patti Smith, performing in 1976

Dave Marsh was the first music critic to employ the term "punk rock"—in the May 1971 issue of Creem, he described ? and the Mysterians as giving a "landmark exposition of punk rock."^[67] In June 1972, the fanzine Flash included a "Punk Top Ten" of 1960s albums.