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Ch’in Chiu-Shao (秦九韶 or 秦九劭, transcribed Qin Jiushao in pinyin) (ca. 1202–1261) was a Chinese mathematician, now regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the 13th century. This is particularly remarkable, as Ch’in did not devote his life to mathematics. He was accomplished in many other fields, however, and held a series of bureaucratic positions in several Chinese provinces. Image File history File links Zhongwen. ... Japanese name Kanji: Kana: Korean name Hangul: Hanja: Vietnamese name Quoc Ngu: Hantu: A Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a logogram used in writing Chinese, Japanese, sometimes Korean, and formerly Vietnamese. ... Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), commonly called Pinyin, is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... // Events August 1 - Arthur of Brittany captured in Mirebeau, north of Poitiers Beginning of the Fourth Crusade. ... Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... Leonhard Euler, one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... For other province-level divisions, see Political divisions of China. ...

Ch’in Chiu-Shao’s reputation as a mathematician lies in the Shu-shu chiu-chang (“Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections”), issued in 1247. The treatise covered matters that ranged from indeterminate analysis to military matters and surveying. In the treatise, Ch’in included a version of the Chinese remainder theorem, which used algorithms to solve problems. In geometry, he discovered “Ch’in Chiu-Shao’s formula” in finding the area of a triangle with given length of three sides. This is the same as Heron’s formula, discovered earlier. The Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ShùshÅ« JiÇ”zhāng; Wade-Giles: Shshu Chiuchang) is a mathematical text written by Chinese Southern Song dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao in the year 1247. ... Events Shams ad-Din disappears resulting in Jalal Uddin Rumi writing 30,000 verses of poetry about his disappearance. ... Several related results in number theory and abstract algebra are known under the name Chinese remainder theorem. ... In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a finite list of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task that, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ... A triangle with sides a, b, and c. ...

Ch’in recorded the earliest explanation of how Chinese calendar experts calculated astronomical data according to the timing of the winter solstice. Among his accomplishments are introducing techniques for solving equations, finding sums of arithmetic series, and solving linear systems. He also introduced the use of the zero symbol in Chinese mathematics. The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar, akin to the Hebrew calendar & Hindu Calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. ... A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant Astronomy (also frequently referred to as astrophysics) is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). ... Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of the northern hemisphere winter solstice Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of the southern hemisphere winter solstice In astronomy, the winter solstice is the moment when the earth is at a point in its orbit where one hemisphere is... An equation is a mathematical statement, in symbols, that two things are the same (or equivalent). ... Addition is one of the basic operations of arithmetic. ... // Definition In mathematics, an arithmetic series is the sum of the components of an arithmetic progression. ... A linear system is a model of a system based on some kind of linear operator. ... For other uses, see zero or 0. ... Knowledge of Chinese mathematics before 100 BC is somewhat fragmentary, but there are elements that seem consistent. ...

External links

• O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Ch'in Chiu-Shao". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.  
• Simon Fraser University biography for “Qin Jiushao”