Brazil is a racially diverse and multiracial country.^[1] Intermarriages between different ethnic groups has always been part of the country's History and most Brazilians trace their origin to European, African and/or Amerindian ancestors.^[2] For other uses, see Race (disambiguation). ... Actress Halle Berry was born to a white mother of British extraction and a black father of American extraction. ... Intermarriage normally refers to marriage between people belonging to different religions, tribes, nationalities or ethnic backgrounds. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ...

The three main races of Brazil: Amerindian, White and Black.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2336 × 3504 pixel, file size: 3. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 398 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1360 × 2048 pixel, file size: 429 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (480x641, 77 KB)Douglas Silva (actor: Cidade de Deus) Source: Victor Soares/ABr. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Look up black in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Racial groups

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) classify the Brazilian population among five categories: white, black, pardo (brown), yellow or Indigenous, based on skin color or race. IBGE, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica), is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Look up black in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pardo is a term for a mixed-race Brazilian. ... Brown people is a term used in political, racial, ethnic, societal, and cultural classifications, similar to black people and white people. ... Typical Mongoloid skull with the characteristic flattened face and high cheek bones [1] The term Mongoloid race or Mongoloid sometimes referred to as Sinoid, Mongolid or Xanthrochroid[2] or Asio-American[3] or Eastern Eurasian[4], is most used in discussions of human prehistory, historical definitions of race and in... The word indigenous is an adjective derived from the Latin word indigena, meaning native, belonging to, aboriginal; and has several applications: Indigenous peoples, communities and cultures native or indigenous to a territory; Indigenous (band), a Native American blues-rock band; In biology, indigenous means native to a place or biota... Human skin color can range from very dark to nearly colorless (appearing pinkish white due to the blood in the skin) in different people. ... For other uses, see Race (disambiguation). ...

• White (49.9% of the population):^[3] Usually a Brazilian of full or predominantly European ancestry or of other White ancestry (Arab Brazilian, Jewish) who considers him/herself to be White.

• Pardo or Brown (43.2%):^[4] Usually a Multiracial Brazilian of brown skin tone and of mixed-race features who considers him/herself to be Pardo.

• Black (6.3%):^[5] Usually a dark-skinned Brazilian of Black African ancestry who considers him/herself to be Black.

• Yellow: (0.5%) Usually a Brazilian of East Asian descent, mostly Japanese, who considers him/herself to be Yellow.

• Indigenous (0.4%):^[6] Usually a Brazilian of full or predominantly Amerindian ancestry who considers him/herself to be Indian.

White Brazilians make up 53. ... An Arab Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Arab descent, sometimes including other non-Arabic Middle Eastern peoples. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Pardo is a term for a mixed-race Brazilian. ... Brown people is a term used in political, racial, ethnic, societal, and cultural classifications, similar to black people and white people. ... Afro-Brazilian or African Brazilian is the term used to racially categorise Brazilian citizens who are black or part-black, yet it is rarely used in Brazil. ... Look up black in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Asian Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Asian descent. ... East Asia Geographic East Asia. ... The Indigenous peoples in Brazil (povos indígenas in Portuguese) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who inhabited the countrys present territory prior to its discovery by Europeans around 1500. ...

Brazil's population History

When Brazil was discovered as a new land in the New World by the Portuguese in 1500, its native population was composed of between 3 million and 6 million Amerindians living there for the last 15,000 to 20,000 years.^[7] During several decades afterwards, the country remained sparsely inhabited by Europeans, mainly Portuguese. Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... An independent origin and development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ...

Another important instance of forced migration has been the Atlantic slave trade. Over 3 millions of Africans were hunted down, captured and transported to slavery in Brazil, for two centuries and half, adding to the demographic and racial composition of the country.^[8] The Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Slave redirects here. ...

This immigration profile of Brazil really started to change in the second half of the 19th century during the Empire era. Dom Pedro II, the ruling Brazilian monarch, was a learned and cosmopolitan man, who abhorred slavery (it was abolished by an imperial decree in 1888) and who thought that Brazil would only achieve progress by bringing in more European immigrants. He thus strongly encouraged immigration mostly from Italy, Spain, Portugal and Germany, but also from Lebanon, Syria, Japan and Poland. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Dom Pedro II (pron. ... Slave redirects here. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Racial makeup and genetic studies

Nowadays, most Brazilians classify themselves as being Whites, closely followed by the Brown group. Recent genetic studies found a high degree of racial admixture in all ethnic groups of Brazil, concluding that the vast majority of Brazilians have some amount of European, African and Amerindian ancestors.^[9] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Human genetic variation. ...

In average, White Brazilians possess almost all their paternal ancestry of European origin (90% in the Y Chromosome). In the maternal side, there is a 33% Amerindian and 28% African contribution to the total mtDNA pool.^[10] A father is the male parent of a child. ... The human Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes, it contains the genes that cause testis development, thus determining maleness. ... Mother with her child (Sculpture) A mother is typically the biological or social female parent of a child or offspring while the male parent is the father. ... Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is DNA which is not located in the nucleus of the cell but in the mitochondria. ...

Black Brazilians have an average of 48% non-African admixture, while Brown Brazilians have 45% of African genes.^[11]

Descendants of colonial settlers

Brazil's racial base are its colonial settlers (Amerindians, Portuguese and Africans):

• Over 85 million Brazilians (44% of the population) have some Portuguese ancestry.^[12]
• 86% of Brazilians have at least 10% of their genes coming from Africans.
• 77 million Brazilians (45%) have 90% of African genes.^[13]
• Over 50 million Brazilians (26%) have some Amerindian ancestry.^[14]

World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ...

Descendants of immigrants

The largest influx of European immigrants to Brazil occurred in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. According to the Memorial do Imigrante statistics data, Brazil attracted nearly 5 million immigrants between 1870 and 1953.^[15][16] These immigrants were divided in two groups: a part of them was sent to Southern Brazil to work as small farmers. However, the biggest part of the immigrants was sent to Southeast Brazil to work in the coffee plantations. The immigrants sent to Southern Brazil were mainly Germans (starting in 1824, mainly from Rhineland-Palatinate, the others from Pomerania, Hamburg, Westphalia, etc) and Italians (starting in 1875, mainly from the Veneto and Lombardia). In the South, the immigrants established rural communities that, still today, have a strong cultural connection with their ancestral homelands. In South East Brazil, most of the immigrants were Italians (mainly from the Veneto, Campania, Calabria and Lombardia), Portuguese (mainly from Beira Alta, Minho and Alto Trás-os-Montes), Spaniards (mainly from Galicia and Andalusia). The South Region is highlighted in yellow. ... Farms, East of Gorgan, Iran. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A cup of coffee. ... // This article is about crop plantations. ... The Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz, sometimes Lower Palatinate or Niederpfalz) occupies rather more than a quarter of the German Bundesland (federal state) of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) and contains the towns of Ludwigshafen, Kaiserslautern, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Pirmasens, Landau and Speyer. ... Duchy of Pomerania, ruled by the slavic dynasty of the Griffins (Polish: Gryfici, German: Greifen), was a semi-independent principality in the 17th century. ... Location Coordinates Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DE6 First Mayor Ole von Beust (CDU) Governing party CDU Votes in Bundesrat 3 (from 69) Basic statistics Area  755 km² (292 sq mi) Population 1,754,317 (11/2006)[1]  - Density 2,324 /km² (6,018... Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Bielefeld, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster, and Osnabrück and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. ... Veneto or Venetia, is one of the 20 regions of Italy. ... Lombardy (It. ... Veneto or Venetia, is one of the 20 regions of Italy. ... For other uses, see Campania (disambiguation). ... Cliffside dwellings in Tropea. ... Lombardy (It. ... Beira Alta is a Portuguese province in the Northern Part of the country. ... Historical province of Minho Minho is a historical province of Portugal. ... Map showing the location of the Alto Trás-os-Montes subregion Alto Trás-os-Montes is a portuguese subregion (NUTS level 3) integrated in the Norte region. ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Motto: Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad (Andalusia by herself, for Spain, and for humankind) Capital Seville Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 2nd  87,268 km²  17. ...

Notably, the first half of the twentieth century saw a large inflow of Japanese (mainly from Honshū, Hokkaidō and Okinawa) and Arab (from Lebanon and Syria) immigrants. HonshÅ« (本州 Literally Main State) is the largest island of Japan, called the Mainland; it is south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait. ...   literally North Sea Circuit, Ainu: Mosir), formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japans second largest island and the largest of its 47 prefectural-level subdivisions. ... This article is about the prefecture. ... An Arab (Arabic: ) is a member of a complexly defined ethnic group who identifies as such on the basis of one or more of either genealogical, political, or linguistic grounds. ...

Populations of immigrants and descendants in Brazil with over 1 million members:

• Italians - (13.1% of Brazil's population, 25 million)^[17]
• Spaniards - (7.8%, 15 million)^[18]
• Germans - (6.3%, 12 million)^[19]
• Lebanese - (3.6%, 7 million)^[20]
• Syrian - (2.6%, 5 million)^[21]
• Poles - (0.7%, 1.5 million)^[22]
• Japanese - (0.7%, 1.5 million)^[23]

Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ...

External links

• Racism takes many hues: In Brazil, the experience is like looking into a fun-house mirror
• The significance of skin color in Brazil
• brazzil.com article
• the economics of racism
• Blackness without ethnicity, Constructing race in brazil
• African 'Americans' in Brazil
• University of Notre Dame article Discovering a racial problem in Brazil
• princeton university race segregation in brazil

References