The Republic of Genoa, in full the Most Serene Republic of Genoa (known as the Ligurian Republic from 1798 to 1805) was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from ca. 1100 to 1805, when it was annexed by Napoleonic France. Although its restoration was briefly proclaimed in 1814, following the defeat of Napoleon, this was short-lived, and the Republic was ultimately annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia. 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. ... For alternate uses, see Number 1100. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Napoleon I of France, by Jacques-Louis David. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont, with Savoia upper left (pink) and Nizza (Nice) lower left (brown) both now French, and Sardinia in the inset The Kingdom of Sardinia is a former kingdom in Italy. ...

The Republic initially came into existence in the early 12th century, when Genoa became a self-governing commune within the old Regnum Italicum. In its early centuries, Genoa was an important trading city, second only to Venice of the great Italian cities. It had important trading interests throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Its principle rival was Pisa, whom it ultimately defeated, taking the island of Corsica from it in the late 13th century. In the contest between Anjou and the Aragonese for control of Sicily after the Sicilian Vespers of 1283, Genoese merchants luckily chose the winning side and moved into the Sicilian economy with energy, lending money to the ruling class, organizing and controlling the production of sugar and silks and monopolizing the export of Sicilian grain, on which Genoa depended, situated by nature with no grain-growing contada to support its population, but which the maghreb also required. In exchange, Genoa received African gold (Braudel 1984). (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Defensive towers at San Gimignano, Tuscany, bear witness to the factional strife within communes. ... There have been several entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. ... Location within Italy Venice (Italian: Venezia), the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto and of the province of Venice, 45°26′ N 12°19′ E, population 271,663 (census estimate 2004-01-01). ... Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... Pisas coat of arms This article is about Pisa in Italy. ... Capital Ajaccio Area 8,680 km² Regional President Ange Santini (UMP) (since 2004) Population  - 2004 estimate  - 1999 census  - Density (Ranked 25th) 272,000 260,196 31/km² (2004) Arrondissements 5 Cantons 52 Communes 360 Départements Corse-du-Sud Haute-Corse Note: The Regional Presidents title is President of... For other uses, see Anjou (disambiguation). ... Capital Zaragoza Area  – Total  – % of Spain Ranked 4th  47 719 km²  9,4% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 11th  1 217 514  2,9%  25,51/km² Demonym  – English  – Spanish  Aragonese  aragonés Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation  – Congress seats  – Senate seats... The Sicilian Vespers is the name given to a rebellion in Sicily, in 1282 against the rule of the Angevin king Charles I, who had taken control of the island with Papal support in 1266. ... Events June 1 - Treaty of Rheinfelden - Duke Rudolph II of Austria has to waive his right to the Duchies of Austria and Styria Teutonic Knights subjugate Prussia Sopot comes under the control of Gdańsk Gregory Cyprius becomes Patriarch of Constantinople Northern section of the Grand Canal of China is completed... (see also North Africa, Tamazgha, Arab Maghreb Union, Mashreq) The Maghreb (or Moghreb), meaning western in Arabic, is the region of the continent of Africa north of the Sahara desert and west of the Nile - specifically, the modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and to a lesser extent Libya and... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Genoa went into a decline after the Chioggia defeat (1380) in the economic retrenchment Europe experienced in the late 14th and 15th centuries. The rising Ottoman power took Genoese emporia in the Aegean, and the Black Sea trade was squeezed off. Genoa was ultimately occupied by the French or the Milanese for much of the period. From 1499 to 1528, the Republic reached its nadir, being under nearly continual French occupation. The Spanish, with their intramural allies, the "old nobility" entrenched in the mountain fastnesses behind Genoa, captured the city on May 30, 1522 and subjected the city to a merciless pillage. When the great admiral Andrea Doria allied with the Emperor to oust the French and restore Genoa's independence, a renewed prospect opened: 1528 marks the first loan from Genoese banks to Charles (Braudel 1984) The Battle of Chioggia was naval battle fought in the lagoon off of Chioggia, Italy, in June 1380 between the Venetian and the Genoese fleets, who had captured the little fishing port in August the preceding year. ... Events September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo - Russian forces under Grand Prince Dmitrii Ivanovich defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols (the Golden Horde), stopping their advance at Kulikovo. ... Events January 8 - Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany July 22 - Battle of Dornach - The Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I. July 28 - First Battle of Lepanto - The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over the Venetians. ... Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ... For the ship of the same name, see SS Andrea Doria. ... Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V (Spanish: Carlos I, Dutch: Karel V, German: Karl V.) (24 February 1500–21 September 1558) is considered (the first) King of Spain though in fact was his son the first who used that title. ...

Thereafter, Genoa underwent something of a revival as a junior associate of the Spanish Empire, with Genoese bankers, in particular, financing many of the Spanish crown's foreign endeavors from their counting houses in Seville. Fernand Braudel has even called the period 1557 to 1627 the "age of the Genoese", "of a rule that was so discreet and sophisticated that historians for a long time failed to notice it" (Braudel 1984 p. 157), though the modern visitor passing brilliant Mannerist and Baroque palazzo facades along Genoa's Strada Nova or via Balbi cannot fail to notice that there was conspicuous wealth, which in fact was not Genoese but concentrated in the hands of a tightly-knit circle of banker-financiers, true "venture capitalists". Fernand Braudel (August 24, 1902–November 27, 1985) was a historian who revolutionized the 20th century study of the discipline by considering the effects of economics and geography on global history, a prominent member of the Annales School of historiography, who concentrated on meticulous historical analysis in the social sciences. ... In common usage capitalism refers to an economic system in which all or most of the means of production are privately owned and operated, and where investment and the production, distribution and prices of commodities (goods and services) are determined by the influence of market forces (in a free market...

The opening for the Genoese banking consortium was the state bankruptcy of Philip II in 1557, which threw the German banking houses into chaos and ended the reign of the Fuggers as Spanish financiers. The Genoese bankers provided the unwieldy Habsburg system with fluid credit and a dependably regular income. In return the less dependable shipments of American silver were rapidly transferred from Seville to Genoa, to provide capital for further ventures. The Genoese banker Ambrosio Spinola, marqués de los Balbases, for instance, himself raised and led an army that fought in the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands in the early 17th century. The decline of Spain in the 17th century brought also the renewed decline of Genoa, and the Spanish crown's frequent bankruptcies, in particular, ruined many of Genoa's merchant houses. Philip II of Spain (Spanish: Felipe II) - (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598), the first King of Spain understood as the whole peninsula of Hispania (r. ... Ambrosio Spinola Doria, marqués de los Balbases (1569 - September 25, 1630), Spanish general, was born in Genoa. ... The Eighty Years War, or Dutch Revolt from 1568 to 1648 was the secession war in which the proto-Netherlands first became an independent country. ...

Genoa continued its slow decline in the 18th century, and in 1768 was forced by endemic rebellion to sell Corsica to the French. In 1797 the Republic was occupied by the French revolutionary army of Napoleon Bonaparte, who overthrew the old elites who had ruled the city for all of its history, and replaced them with a popular republic known as the Ligurian Republic. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Napoleon I of France, by Jacques-Louis David. ... Ligurian Republic and Northen Italy, 1801 The Ligurian Republic was a short-lived French satellite republic formed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796. ...

After Bonaparte's seizure of power in France, a more conservative constitution was enacted, but the Ligurian Republic's life was short - in 1805 it was annexed by France, becoming the départements of Apennins, Gênes, and Montenotte. 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties. ... Apennins is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Italy. ... Gênes is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Italy. ... Montenotte is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Italy. ...

Following the defeat of Napoleon in the spring of 1814, local elites, encouraged by the British agent Lord William Bentinck proclaimed the restoration of the old Republic, but it was decided at the Congress of Vienna that Genoa should be given to the Kingdom of Sardinia. British troops suppressed the republic in December of 1814, and it was annexed by Sardinia on January 3, 1815. 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, known as Lord William Bentinck (14 September 1774 - 17 June 1839) was a British statesman who served as Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835. ... The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors from the major powers in Europe that was chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich and held in Vienna, Austria, from October 1, 1814, to June 9, 1815. ... Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont, with Savoia upper left (pink) and Nizza (Nice) lower left (brown) both now French, and Sardinia in the inset The Kingdom of Sardinia is a former kingdom in Italy. ... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Reference

• Braudel, Fernand, The Perspective of the World,, part III of Civilization and Capitalism, 1984 pp. 157-174

See also: Genoa, Doges of Genoa. Fernand Braudel (August 24, 1902–November 27, 1985) was a historian who revolutionized the 20th century study of the discipline by considering the effects of economics and geography on global history, a prominent member of the Annales School of historiography, who concentrated on meticulous historical analysis in the social sciences. ... Location within Italy Flag of Genoa Christopher Columbus monument in Piazza Aquaverde Genoa (Italian Genova, Genoese Zena, French Gênes) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... Genoa (Italy) was technically a communal republic in the early Middle Ages, but in actuality it was an oligarchy ruled by a small group of merchant families, from whom were selected the Doges of Genoa. ...