Following the ouster of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called in French the Restauration, characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic church as a power in French politics.
Louis-Philippe ascended the throne on the strength of the July Revolution of 1830, and ruled, not as "King of France" but as "King of the French," an evocative difference among contemporaries. Most historians treat the resulting July Monarchy, 1830 - 1848, as a separate period in French history.
Following the ouster of the last king to rule France in 1848, the Second Republic was formed after the election of Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as President (1848-1852), who subsequently had himself declared Emperor Napoleon III of the Second Empire from 1852 - 1871.
Following the ouster of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne.
Following the ouster of the last king to rule France in 1848, the Second Republic was formed after the election of Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as President (1848-1852), who subsequently had himself declared Emperor Napoleon III of the Second Empire from 1852 - 1871.
Specialist historians describing the campaign of 1813 or the restoration of the Bourbons plainly assert that these events were produced by the will of Alexander.
On the withdrawal of the British legation, Maret went on a mission to London, where he had a favourable interview with William Pitt the Younger on December 22, 1792 - all hope of an accommodation was, however, in vain.
After the execution of Bourbon King Louis XVI (January 21, 1793), the chief French diplomatic agent, François Bernard Chauvelin, was ordered to leave Britain, while the National Convention declared war (February 1, 1793 - see French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1793).
After the full Restoration of the Bourbons, Maret was exiled, and retired to Graz, where he occupied himself with literary work.
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