Roanoke, Virginia
Roanoke, Virginia as seen at night from the Mill Mountain Star.
Seal
Nickname: The Star City
Location in Virginia
Coordinates: 37°16′15″N 79°56′30″W / 37.27083, -79.94167
Country	United States
State	Virginia
Government
- Mayor	Nelson Harris
Area
- City	43 sq mi (111.1 km²)
- Land	42.9 sq mi (111.1 km²)
- Water	0.0 sq mi (0.1 km²)
Elevation [1] [2]	883-1,740 ft (269-530 m)
Population (2005)
- City	92,631
- Density	2,213.2/sq mi (854.5/km²)
- Metro	295,700
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
Area code(s)	540
FIPS code	51-68000GR2
GNIS feature ID	1499971GR3
Website: RoanokeVA.gov

Roanoke is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The city of Roanoke is adjacent to the city of Salem and the town of Vinton and is otherwise surrounded by, but politically separate from, Roanoke County. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 94,911.^[3] The city is bisected by the Roanoke River. Roanoke is the commercial, cultural, and medical hub of much of the surrounding area of Virginia and southern West Virginia. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2272x1386, 685 KB) Roanoke, Virginia as seen at night from the Mill Mountain Star. ... The Mill Mountain Star in early evening. ... Image File history File links City_Seal_of_Roanoke,_VA.jpg‎ Seal of Roanoke, Virginia This logo is an official seal of a government or one of its government agencies, and may be subject to copyright, trademark, and/or other restrictions on its reproduction, especially in commercial contexts. ... // A nickname is a name of a person or thing other than its proper name. ... Image File history File links Adapted from Wikipedias VA county maps by Seth Ilys. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Roanoke Mayor Nelson Harris Nelson Harris is the mayor of Roanoke, Virginia. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... The area colored red indicates the northern region of Virginia served by area code 540 North American telephone area code 540 was established July 15, 1995 as a split from area code 703. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... An independent city is a city that does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Salem is an independent city located in Virginia, bordered by the city of Roanoke and Roanoke County. ... Vinton is a town located in Roanoke County, Virginia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... The Roanoke River is a river in southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina in the United States, 410 mi (660 km) long. ...

The United States Census Bureau includes in Roanoke's metropolitan area the counties of Botetourt, Franklin, Craig and Roanoke, and the cities of Salem and Roanoke. The metropolitan area's population in the past three censuses has been reported to be: The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Botetourt County, Virginia, from 1895 state map Botetourt County iis a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Craig County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Salem is an independent city located in Virginia, bordered by the city of Roanoke and Roanoke County. ...

• 1980 --- 220,393
• 1990 --- 224,477
• 2000 --- 235,932
• 2005 (estimate) --- 292,983

Please note that the figures through 2000 do not include Franklin County (50,345 est. 2005 population) and Craig County (5,154 est. 2005 population) which were recently added to the Roanoke MSA, which is the fourth largest in Virginia (behind the Greater Richmond area, Northern Virginia and Hampton Roads) and the largest outside of the eastern half of the state. Nickname: Motto: Sic dic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (I) Area  - City 62. ... Map of Northern Virginia Northern Virginia (NoVA) consists of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and the independent cities of Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, and Manassas Park. ... This view from space in July 1996 shows portions of each of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which generally surround the harbor area of Hampton Roads, which framed by the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel visible to the east (right), the Virginia Peninsula subregion to the north (top), and the...

History

Incorporation

The town of Big Lick was established in 1852 and chartered in 1874. It was named for a large outcropping of salt which drew the wildlife to the site near the Roanoke River.[1] It became the town of Roanoke in 1882 and was chartered as the independent city of Roanoke in 1884. The name Roanoke is said to have originated from an Algonquin word for shell "money",[2] but the town was almost certainly renamed for the river that bisected it and the county that had surrounded it since 1838.[3] It grew frequently through annexation through the middle of the twentieth century.[4] However, the last annexation was in 1976 and Virginia cities are currently prohibited from annexing land from adjacent counties. Its location in the Blue Ridge Mountains, in the middle of the Roanoke Valley between Maryland and Tennessee, made it the transportation hub of western Virginia and contributed to its rapid growth. The Roanoke River is a river in southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina in the United States, 410 mi (660 km) long. ... Algonquin (or Algonkin) is an Algonquian language closely related to Ojibwe. ... Ceremonies during the annexation of Hawaii. ... Blue Ridge Mountains, Shining Rock Wilderness Area Appalachian Mountain system The Blue Ridge is a mountain chain in the eastern United States, part of the Appalachian Mountains, forming their eastern front from Georgia to Pennsylvania. ... Roanoke Valley in southwestern Virginia is an area adjacent to and including the Roanoke River. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Largest metro area Nashville Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 36th  - Total 42,169 sq mi (109,247 km²)  - Width 120 miles (195 km)  - Length 440 miles (710 km)  - % water 2. ...

Colonial influence

During colonial times the site of Roanoke was an important hub of trails and roads. The Great Wagon Road, one of the most heavily travelled roads of eighteenth century America, ran from Philadelphia through the Shenandoah Valley to the future site of the City of Roanoke, where the Roanoke River passed through the Blue Ridge. The Roanoke Gap proved a useful route for immigrants to settle the Carolina Piedmont region. At Roanoke Gap, another branch of the Great Wagon Road, the Wilderness Road, continued southwest to Tennessee and Kentucky. The Great Wagon Road, which ran from Pennsylvania to Georgia, was one of the most heavily traveled major routes for settlers in all America. ... The Wilderness Road was the principal route used by settlers to reach Kentucky for more than fifty years. ...

Railroads and coal

In the 1850s, Big Lick became a stop on the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad (V&T) which linked Lynchburg with Bristol on the Virginia-Tennessee border. Virginia and Tennessee Railroad - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Lynchburg is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Motto: A Good Place to Live Nickname: The Birthplace of Country Music Map Political Statistics County Independent city Mayor To Be Determined Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 34. ...

After the American Civil War (1861-1865), William Mahone, a civil engineer and hero of the Battle of the Crater, was the driving force in the linkage of 3 railroads, including the V&T, across the southern tier of Virginia to form the Atlantic, Mississippi & Ohio Railroad (AM&O), a new line extending from Norfolk to Bristol, Virginia in 1870. However, the Financial Panic of 1873 wrecked the AM&O's finances. After several years of operating under receiverships, Mahone's role as a railroad builder ended in 1881 when northern financial interests took control. At the foreclosure auction, the AM&O was purchased by E.W. Clark and Co., a private banking firm in Philadelphia which controlled the Shenandoah Valley Railroad then under construction up the valley from Hagerstown, Maryland. The AM&O was renamed Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W). Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... William Mahone (December 1, 1826 – October 8, 1895), of Southampton County, Virginia, was a civil engineer, teacher, soldier, railroad executive, and a member of the Virginia General Assembly and U.S. Congress. ... A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Ambrose E. Burnside Robert E. Lee Strength IX Corps elements of the Army of Northern Virginia Casualties 5,300 total 1,032 total The Battle of the Crater was a battle of the American Civil War, part of the Siege... Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Run on the Fourth National Bank, No. ... Shenandoah Valley Railroad was a line completed in the 1880s extending down the Shenandoah Valley from Hagerstown, Maryland through the West Virginia panhandle into Virginia to reach Roanoke, Virginia and the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) in the late 19th century. ... Nickname: Motto: A Great Place to Live Work and Visit Location in Maryland Coordinates: , County Washington Incorporated 1813 Government  - Mayor Robert Bob E. Bruchey II Area  - City 27. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29... The Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) (AAR reporting marks NW), a US class I railroad, was formed by more than 200 railroad mergers between 1838 and 1982. ...

Frederick J. Kimball, a civil engineer and partner in the Clark firm, headed the new line and the new Shenandoah Valley Railroad. For the junction for the Shenandoah Valley and the Norfolk and Western roads, Kimball and his board of directors selected the small Virginia village called Big Lick, on the Roanoke River. Although the grateful citizens offered to rename their town "Kimball", on his suggestion, they agreed to go with Roanoke after the river. As the N&W brought people and jobs, the Town of Roanoke quickly became an independent city in 1884. In fact, Roanoke became a city so quickly that it earned the nickname "Magic City." Frederick J. Kimball Categories: People stubs | United States railroad executives | 1844 births | 1903 deaths ... The Roanoke River is a river in southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina in the United States, 410 mi (660 km) long. ... Magic City is a nickname of several cities, usually commemorating a remarkable growth in size over a short time. ...

Kimball, whose interest in geology was responsible for the opening of the Pocahontas coalfields in western Virginia and West Virginia, pushed N&W lines through the wilds of West Virginia, north to Columbus, Ohio and Cincinnati, Ohio, and south to Durham, North Carolina and Winston-Salem, North Carolina. This gave the railroad the route structure it was to use for more than 60 years. This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Area  Ranked 41st  - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State Counties Franklin, Delaware, and Fairfield Government  - Mayor Michael B. Coleman (D) Area  - City  212. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Greater Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... “Cincinnati” redirects here. ... Nickname: Location in North Carolina Coordinates: , Country State Counties Durham, Orange, Wake Government  - Mayor Bill Bell Area  - City  94. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area  Ranked 28th  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (240 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (901 km)  - % water 9. ... Nickname: Motto: Youre Something Special in Winston-Salem Location in North Carolina Coordinates: , Country State Counties Forsyth County Founded Incorporated 1766 (Salem) 1849 (Winston) 1913 Government  - Mayor Allen Joines (D) Area  - City  132. ...

The Virginian Railway (VGN), an engineering marvel of its day, was conceived and built by William Nelson Page and Henry Huttleston Rogers. Following the Roanoke River, the VGN was built through the City of Roanoke early in the twentieth century. It was merged with the N&W in 1959. The Virginian Railway (AAR reporting marks VGN) was a Class I railroad located in Virginia and West Virginia in the United States. ... William Nelson Page (January 6, 1854–March 7, 1932), was a United States civil engineer, entrepreneur, capitalist, businessman, and industrialist. ... Henry Huttleston Rogers (January 29, 1840 – May 19, 1909) was a United States capitalist, businessman, industrialist, financier, and philanthropist. ...

The opening of the coalfields made N&W prosperous and Pocahontas bituminous coal world-famous. Transported by the N&W and neighboring Virginian Railway (VGN), it fueled half the world's navies and today stokes steel mills and power plants all over the globe. The N&W was famous for manufacturing steam locomotives in-house. It was Norfolk & Western's Roanoke Shops, that made the company known industry-wide for its excellence in steam power. The Roanoke Shops, with its workforce of thousands, is where the famed classes A, J, and Y6 locomotives were designed, built, and maintained, and new steam locomotives were built there until 1953, long after diesel-electric had emerged as the motive power of choice for most North American railroads. Around 1960, N&W was the last major railroad in the United States to convert from steam to diesel motive power. Bituminous coal Bituminous coal is a relatively hard coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen. ... One of the last mainline steam locomotives built in the UK: British Railways Standard Class 9F 2-10-0 no. ... The Roanoke Shops of the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) in Roanoke, Virginia were founded in 1881, and acquired by the railroad in 1883. ... Great Western Railway No. ...

The presence of the railroad also made Roanoke attractive to manufacturers. American Viscose opened a large rayon plant in Southeast Roanoke in October 1917.[5] This plant closed in 1958, leaving 5,000 workers unemployed which was soon followed by the 2,000 workers laid off when N&W converted to diesel.[6] Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber. ...

Cultural hub

Today, Roanoke is known for its Chili Cook-Off, Local Colors Festival, Henry Street Festival, Strawberry Festival, and the large red, white, and blue illuminated (temporarily illuminated in white on April 22, 2007 in remembrance of the Virginia Tech Massacre of April 16, 2007) Mill Mountain Star on Mill Mountain, which is visible from many points in the city and surrounding valley. The Virginia Tech massacre was a school shooting comprising two separate attacks about two hours apart on April 16, 2007, on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Virginia, United States. ... The Mill Mountain Star in early evening. ...

Roanoke also plays host to Festival in the Park, an annual festival which is used to "To enhance and promote the visual and performing arts and sports activities in the Roanoke Valley and surrounding areas, to generate a positive economic impact on the Valley, and to fund an Arts Scholarship Program."

Government

Roanoke has a weak mayor-city manager form of government. The city manager is responsible for the day to day operation of the city's government and has the authority to hire and fire city employees. The mayor has little, if any, executive authority and essentially is the "first among equals" on the city council. The mayor, however, has a bully pulpit as Roanoke media frequently cover the mayor's appearances and statements. The current mayor of Roanoke is Nelson Harris and the current city manager is Darlene Burcham. City council has six members, not counting the mayor, all of whom are elected on an at-large basis. The four year terms of city council members are staggered, so there are biannual elections. The candidate who receives the most votes is designated the vice mayor for the following two years. Some residents contend that the at-large system results in a disproportionate number of council members coming from affluent neighborhoods and that electing some or all council members on a ward basis would result in a more equal representation of all areas of the city. Mayor-Council government is one of two variations of government most commonly used in modern representative municipal governments in the United States. ... The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ... A bully pulpit is a public office of sufficiently high rank that it provides the holder with an opportunity to speak out and be listened to on any matter; the American presidency is a bully pulpit. It is thought of as an executive check on legislative powers. ... Roanoke Mayor Nelson Harris Nelson Harris is the mayor of Roanoke, Virginia. ...

The city's African-American and professional class voting blocs have made the Democratic Party the leading party in recent years. However, the working class vote has tended increasingly towards the Republican Party. A slate of three Democrats, running on an independent ticket dubbed "For the City" against the nominees of the Democratic and Republican parties, won seats on Roanoke's city council in the May 2006 election. Roanoke's past two mayoral elections, in 2000 and 2004, have also been competitive three way races in which Delvis "Mac" McCadden, who previously served on city council as a Republican, ran as an independent against the nominees of the major parties. Physicians are among the most commonly used examples of occupations which are part of the professional class. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ...

Roanoke is represented by two members of the Virginia House of Delegates, Onzlee Ware (D-11th) and William Fralin (R-17th), and one member of the Virginia Senate, John Edwards (D-21st). Delvis McCadden has announced plans to challenge Ware for the Democratic nomination in the 2007 General Assembly election. Former Roanoke mayor Ralph Smith has moved into the neighboring 22nd Senate district and defeated incumbent Brandon Bell for the Republican nomination in the 2007 election. He will face Democrat Michael Breiner in the November 6 general election. The Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly. ... The Virginia Senate is the upper house of the Virginia General Assembly. ... Former Roanoke Mayor Ralph K. Smith Ralph K. Smith was the mayor of Roanoke, Virginia from 2000 to 2004. ...

The city of Roanoke lies within the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, which also includes Lynchburg and much of the Shenandoah Valley. Current representative Bob Goodlatte resides in Roanoke as have most of those who have held the seat. Virgil Goode resides in nearby Franklin County and represents most of the area to south and east of Roanoke in the 5th Congressional District of Virginia, which also stretches north to Charlottesville. The 9th Congressional District of Virginia, represented by Rick Boucher, has traditionally covered southwest Virginia but has expanded into parts of Roanoke County and counties to the north of Roanoke to make up for population losses in the rest of the district. Given that the Virginia General Assembly is currently held by Republicans, Goodlatte and Goode will likely keep their traditional territories in the next redistricting cycle. However, once one or both leave office or if Democrats gain control of redistricting, the lines of the three districts could be significantly redrawn to account for rapid growth in the northern parts of the 5th and 6th districts and slower growth in the southern parts of the districts and population loss in much of the 9th. Canoeing on the Shenandoah River near Winchester, VA. The Shenandoah Valley region of western Virginia, from Winchester to Staunton, is bounded by the Blue Ridge mountains to the East and the Allegheny mountains to the West. ... Robert William Bob Goodlatte (born September 22, 1952) is a Republican U.S. Representative from Virginia. ... Virgil Hamlin Goode, Jr. ... Charlottesville is an independent city located within the confines of Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States, and named after Princess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the wife of King George III of England. ... Rick Boucher Frederick Carlyle Rick Boucher (born August 1, 1946) is a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives representing Virginias 9th Congressional District (map). ... The Virginia General Assembly is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Virginia, a U.S. state. ... The process known as redistricting in the United States and redistribution in many Commonwealth countries is the changing of political borders (in many countries, specifically the electoral district/constituency boundaries) usually in response to periodic census results. ...

Geography and climate

Roanoke is located in the valley and ridge province of Virginia immediately west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The Ridge-and-valley Appalachians are a belt within the Appalachian Mountains extending from northern New Jersey westward into Pennsylvania and southward into Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. ... Blue Ridge Mountains, Shining Rock Wilderness Area Appalachian Mountain system The Blue Ridge is a mountain chain in the eastern United States, part of the Appalachian Mountains, forming their eastern front from Georgia to Pennsylvania. ...

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 111.1 km² (42.9 mi²). 111.1 km² (42.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it (0.07%) is water. Image File history File links Adapted from Wikipedias VA county maps by Seth Ilys. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...

Within the city limits is Mill Mountain, which stands detached from surrounding ranges. Its summit features the Roanoke Star, Mill Mountain Zoo, the Discovery Center interpretive building, and an overlook of the Roanoke Valley. The Appalachian Trail runs through the northern section of Roanoke County several miles north of the city, while the Blue Ridge Parkway runs just to the south of the city. Carvins Cove, the second-largest municipal park in America at 12,700 acre, lies in northeast Roanoke County and southwest Botetourt County.^{[citation needed]} Smith Mountain Lake is several miles southeast of the city. The Jefferson National Forest is nearby. Roanokers and visitors to the area enjoy hiking, mountain biking, cross-country running, canoeing, kayaking, fly fishing, and other outdoor pursuits. The Mill Mountain Star in early evening. ... Roanoke Valley in southwestern Virginia is an area adjacent to and including the Roanoke River. ... The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply The A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the eastern United States, extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. ... Roanoke County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Blue Ridge Parkway route map The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty. ... Carvins Cove Natural Reserve Carvins Cove Natural Reserve is the third largest city park in the United States, at 12,700 acres. ... Roanoke County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Botetourt County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Smith Mountain Lake Smith Mountain Lake is a large artificial lake southeast of Roanoke, Virginia, and southwest of Lynchburg, Virginia. ... The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests are U.S. National Forests that combine to form one of the largest areas of public land in the Eastern United States They cover 1. ...

The city is located in the North Fork of Roanoke winemaking region. The "North Fork of Roanoke" appellation is a designated American Viticultural Area, recognizing the unique grape growing conditions present in the area. Valhalla Vineyards is located just outside the city limits of Roanoke. The North Fork of Roanoke American Viticultural Area (North Fork of Roanoke AVA) is an American Viticultural Area defined by the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives as being approximately 22-miles long and located on the eastern slopes of the Allegheny Mountains in Roanoke and Montgomery... Winemakers often use carboys like these to ferment smaller quantities of wine Winemaking, or vinification, is the process of wine production, from the selection of grapes to the bottling of finished wine. ... An appellation in its broadest sense is a name or designation. ... An American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a delimited grape-growing region distinguishable by geographic features, with boundaries defined by the United States governments Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB). ... This article is about the fruits of the genus Vitis. ... Valhalla Vineyards is a vineyard and winery located in the North Fork of Roanoke American Viticultural Area in Roanoke County, Virginia. ...

The Roanoke River flows through the city of Roanoke. Some stretches of the river flow through parks and natural settings, while others flow through industrial areas. Several tributaries join the river in the city, most notably Peters Creek, Tinker Creek, and Mud Lick Creek. The Roanoke River is a river in southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina in the United States, 410 mi (660 km) long. ... A tributary (or affluent or confluent) is a contributory stream, a river that does not reach the sea, but joins another major river (a parent river), to which it contributes its waters, swelling its discharge. ...

Roanoke has a temperate climate with four distinct, but generally mild, seasons. Temperatures may reach over 100°F (38°C) in summer or dip below 0°F (-18°C) in winter, but neither occur in a typical year. Roanoke's all time record high of 105°F (40.5°C) occurred on August 21, 1983, and the all time record low of -11°F (-23.9°C) occurred on January 21, 1985. For the usage in virology, see temperate (virology). ... For other uses, see Summer (disambiguation). ... Winter is one of the four seasons of temperate zones. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ...

The city averages 23.0 inches of snow per winter; however, in something of an aberration, much of the central part of Virginia between Roanoke and Richmond have not received one foot of snow in a single storm since the blizzard of 1996. The area had a long stretch of many snowy winters in the 1960s and, to a lesser extent, through much of the 1970s and early 1980s, but snowy winters have been much more sporadic since then. Roanoke's snowiest winter on record occurred in 1986-1987 when 72.9" (185 cm) fell. The largest single storm dumped approximately three feet from December 16, 1890 through December 18, 1890. Snow is a type of precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds. ... Nickname: Motto: Sic dic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (I) Area  - City 62. ... The Blizzard of 1996 was a noreaster that paralyzed the U.S. East Coast with up to four feet (1. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ...

Flooding is the primary weather related hazard faced by Roanoke. Heavy rains, most frequently from remnants of a hurricane, drain from surrounding areas to the narrow Roanoke Valley. The most recent significant flood was in the fall of 2004, caused by the remains of Hurricane Ivan. The most severe flooding in the city's history occurred on November 4, 1985 when heavy storms from the remnants of Hurricane Juan stalled over the area. Ten people drowned in the Roanoke Valley, and others were saved by rescue personnel. A flood (in Old English flod, a word common to Teutonic languages; compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float) is an overflow of water, an expanse of water submerging land, a deluge. ... This article is about weather phenomena. ... This article is about the temperate season. ... For other storms of the same name, see Hurricane Ivan (disambiguation). ... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... The 1985 Atlantic hurricane season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. ...

Many residents complain that they are prone to allergies because of pollen from trees in the surrounding mountains. Most famously, the family of Wayne Newton moved from Roanoke to the dry climate of Phoenix, Arizona because of his childhood asthma and allergies.[7] However, there have not been clinical studies to establish that these conditions are more prevalent in Roanoke than other cities with similar vegetation and climate. This article needs cleanup. ... SEM image of pollen grains from a variety of common plants: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), prairie hollyhock (Sidalcea malviflora), oriental lily (Lilium auratum), evening primrose (Oenothera fruticosa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis). ... Carson Wayne Newton (born April 3, 1942, in Roanoke, Virginia) is an American singer and entertainer based in Las Vegas, Nevada. ... Nickname: Location in Maricopa County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State County Maricopa Incorporated February 25, 1881 Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Phil Gordon (D) Area  - City  515. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ...

The following table shows Roanoke's average monthly temperatures and rainfall totals. In meteorology, precipitation is any kind of water that falls from the sky as part of the weather. ...

Transportation

Roads

Interstate 581 is the primary north-south roadway through the city. It is also the only interstate highway as Interstate 81 passes north of the city limits. Interstate 581 is a concurrency with U.S. Route 220, which continues as the Roy L. Webber Expressway from downtown Roanoke, where the I-581 designation ends, south to State Route 419. Route 220 connects Roanoke to Martinsville, Virginia and Greensboro, North Carolina. The proposed Interstate 73 would generally parallel Route 220 between Roanoke and Greensboro and would likely be a concurrency with I-581 through the city. The primary east-west roadway is U.S. Route 460, named Melrose Avenue and Orange Avenue. Route 460 connects Roanoke to Lynchburg. U.S. Route 11 passes through the city, primarily as Brandon Avenue and Williamson Road, which may be the best-known road in the city. Other major roads include U.S. Route 221, State Route 117 (known as Peters Creek Road), and State Route 101 (known as Hershberger Road). The Blue Ridge Parkway also briefly runs adjacent to the city border. [8] Interstate 581 (I-581) is a spur off of Interstate 81 into Roanoke, Virginia, United States, completely overlapping U.S. Route 220. ... Interstate 81 (abbreviated I-81) is an interstate highway in the eastern part of the United States. ... U.S. Route 220 in Virginia runs north-south through the western part of the state. ... State Route 419, also known as Electric Road, is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... Martinsville is an independent city located within the confines of Henry County, Virginia. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Greensboro Skyline Greensboro redirects here. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area  Ranked 28th  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (240 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (901 km)  - % water 9. ... Interstate 73 (abbreviated I-73) is a main route of the Interstate Highway System, currently located entirely within the U.S. state of North Carolina. ... U.S. Route 460 in Virginia runs east-west through the southern part of the state. ... Lynchburg is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... U.S. Route 11 in Virginia runs north-south through the western part of the state, parallel to Interstate 81. ... Williamson Road is an approximately 8. ... U.S. Route 221 runs northeast-southwest (signed north-south) in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... State Route 117 is a primary state highway in Roanoke and northern Roanoke County, Virginia, United States, known as Peters Creek Road for its entire length. ... State Route 101 is a primary state highway in Roanoke, Virginia, United States, running along most of Hershberger Road. ... Blue Ridge Parkway route map The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty. ...

Roanoke is divided into four quadrants: Northwest (NW), Northeast (NE), Southwest (SW), and Southeast (SE). The mailing address for locations in Roanoke includes the two letter quadrant abbreviation after the street name. For example, the Center in the Square complex in downtown Roanoke has the address "1 Market Square SE." An address is a code and abstract concept expressing the fixed location of a home, business or other building on the earths surface. ...

Airports

Roanoke Regional Airport is located in the northern part of the city and is the primary airport for Southwest Virginia. Roanoke Regional Airport (IATA: ROA, ICAO: KROA), also known as Woodrum Field, is a public airport located in northern Roanoke, Virginia. ... Southwest Virginia at its greatest geographical definition Southwest Virginia is a mountainous region of Virginia in the westernmost part of the commonwealth. ...

Rail

Ironically for a city known for its rail history, Roanoke has not had passenger rail service since the early 1980s. Amtrak offers a shuttle bus service from Roanoke to the station in Clifton Forge, Virginia. Amtrak also stops in Lynchburg. Roanoke would be a stop in the proposed Transdominion Express passenger rail system currently under study by the Commonwealth of Virginia. The high-speed Acela Express in West Windsor, New Jersey. ... Clifton Forge is a town in Alleghany County in the state of Virginia. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Roanoke remains a major hub in Norfolk Southern's freight rail system. In 2006, the railroad announced plans to construct an intermodal rail yard in the community of Lafayette, Virginia of neighboring Montgomery County; however, opposition by local residents has prompted Norfolk Southern to consider other potential sites. In 2007, former Roanoke mayor David A. Bowers urged Roanoke to offer a site for the yard. Shortly thereafter, neighboring Salem proposed a site in an industrial area of the city. The Commonwealth of Virginia may also upgrade Norfolk Southern's rail line parallel to Interstate 81 from Roanoke through the Shenandoah Valley to encourage more freight to be shipped by rail. An intermodal train carrying both shipping containers and highway semi-trailers in piggyback service, on flatcars, passes through the Cajon Pass in February, 1995. ... Elliston-Lafayette is a census-designated place located in Montgomery County, Virginia. ... Former Roanoke Mayor David Bowers David A. Bowers was the mayor of Roanoke, Virginia from 1992 to 2000. ... Canoeing on the Shenandoah River near Winchester, VA. The Shenandoah Valley region of western Virginia, from Winchester to Staunton, is bounded by the Blue Ridge mountains to the East and the Allegheny mountains to the West. ...

Buses

The Valley Metro bus system serves the city of Roanoke and surrounding areas. Nearly all routes originate or terminate at the Campbell Court bus station in downtown Roanoke, which is also served by Greyhound. Valley Metro also offers bus service to Blacksburg, Virginia and Virginia Tech. Valley Metro Logo Valley Metro, the operational name for the Greater Roanoke Transit Company, is a local government-owned urban-suburban bus line based in Roanoke, Virginia. ... Greyhound Lines is the largest inter-city common carrier of passengers by bus in North America , serving 2,200 destinations in the United States. ... Blacksburgs location within Virgina Virginias location within the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Montgomery Founded 1798 Government  - Mayor Ron Rordam Area  - Town  19. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article or section should include material from Virginia Bioinformatics Institute. ...

Demographics

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, there were 94,911 people, 42,003 households, and 24,235 families residing in the city. By 2006, the city's population is estimated to be 92,328; if the population trends of the past six years continue, the city will have a smaller population than Roanoke County in the 2010 census. The population density was 854.6/km² (2,213.2/mi²). There were 45,257 housing units at an average density of 407.5/km² (1,055.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.38% White, 26.74% African American, 0.20% Native American, 1.15% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.72% from other races, and 1.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population. Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...

There were 42,003 households out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.1% were married couples living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.3% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.86. Marriage is an interpersonal relationship with governmental, social, or religious recognition, usually intimate and sexual, and often created as a contract, or through civil process. ...

In the city the population was spread out with 22.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,719, and the median income for a family was $37,826. Males had a median income of $28,465 versus $21,591 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,468. About 12.9% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Education

The local public school division is Roanoke City Public Schools. The two public high schools in Roanoke City are Patrick Henry High School, located in the Raleigh Court area, and William Fleming High School, located in Northwest Roanoke. The six public middle schools in Roanoke City are Woodrow Wilson, James Madison Middle School, and Stonewall Jackson, that feed into Patrick Henry High School; and Lucy Addison, William Ruffner, and James Breckenridge, that feed into William Fleming High School.[9] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A school division is a geographic division of the U.S. state of Virginia over which a school board has jurisdiction. ... Roanoke City Public Schools is the local Virginia school division for public schools in the independent city of Roanoke, Virginia. ... Patrick Henry High School Patrick Henry High School is a public high school in Roanoke, Virginia. ... William Fleming High School William Fleming High School is a public high school in Roanoke, Virginia. ... James Madison Middle School located in Roanoke, Virginia, USA is situated on a large hill with a view of the Blue Ridge Mountains. ...

Private non parochial schools in Roanoke City include Community High School, that provides classes from ninth to twelfth grade; and New Vista Montessori, that provides classes from third through ninth grade.[10]

Private parochial schools in Roanoke City include North Side Christian and Roanoke Catholic (a top 50 Catholic school) [11], that provide classes from kindergarten through twelfth grade; and Roanoke Adventist Preparatory, that provides classes from kindergarten through eighth grade.[12]

Two four-year private institutions are situated in neighboring localities - Roanoke College in the city of Salem, and Hollins University in Roanoke County. Virginia Tech is located in neighboring Montgomery County. It has opened a higher education center in downtown Roanoke in cooperation with other colleges and universities, and the Virginia Tech Foundation owns the Hotel Roanoke. Virginia Western Community College is located in the city of Roanoke. Roanoke College is an independent, four-year, private, coeducational, liberal-arts college affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. ... // Salem is a common name for towns and places, particularly in the Western world. ... Hollins University is a four-year institution of higher education, a private university located on a 475-acre campus on the border of Roanoke County, Virginia and Botetourt County, Virginia. ... Roanoke County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... This article or section should include material from Virginia Bioinformatics Institute. ... The Hotel Roanoke is a hotel and National Historic Landmark located in Roanoke, Virginia. ...

Economy

Although Roanoke is part of the South culturally, its economy developed around the Norfolk and Western Railroad and heavy manufacturing. Roanoke's economic history generally shares more in common with cities of the Rust Belt than the Sun Belt.[13] Surrounding areas have traditionally relied on industries such as textiles and furniture manufacturing, which have lost jobs to foreign competition. Despite Virginia being a right to work state, unions have traditionally represented workers at many large employers in the Roanoke area and southwest Virginia. Roanoke was formerly the headquarters of Norfolk and Western Railway until its merger with the Southern Railway created the Norfolk Southern Railway in 1982. Norfolk Southern continues to operate its marketing headquarters and some maintenance facilities in Roanoke. Wachovia Bank, then known as First Union, acquired Roanoke based Dominion Bank in 1993 and maintains an operations and customer service center in Roanoke. Other firms such as Roanoke Electric Steel and architectural and engineering firm Hayes, Seay, Mattern and Mattern, (HSMM) have also been acquired by companies headquartered elsewhere. Roanoke's rates of economic and population growth have been less than the state and national averages since the 1960s. The immediate Roanoke area has a low unemployment rate, but a brain drain of workers unable to find satisfactory employment and underemployment are sometimes cited as the explanation.[14] Historic Southern United States. ... Manufacturing Belt, highlighted in red The Rust Belt, a term coined from Manufacturing Belt, is an area in parts of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States of America. ... The Sun Belt, highlighted in red This article is about the region of the United States. ... ... A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers. ... The Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) (AAR reporting marks NW), a US class I railroad, was formed by more than 200 railroad mergers between 1838 and 1982. ... The Southern Railway (AAR reporting mark SOU) was the product of nearly 150 predecessor lines that were combined, reorganized and recombined beginning in the 1830s, formally becoming the Southern Railway in 1894. ... Norfolk Southern Headquarters Norfolk, Virginia. ... Norfolk Southern Corporation (AAR reporting mark NS) NYSE: NSC is a US publicly-traded stock corporation based in Norfolk, Virginia. ... Wachovia Corporation NYSE: WB, based in Charlotte, North Carolina is one of the largest banking chains in the United States. ... This article is about the emigration term. ... In economics, the term underemployment has at least three different distinct meanings and applications. ...

However, Roanoke's economy has areas of strength. The city is the health care and retail hub of a large area, driving the expansion of Carilion Health System and Valley View Mall. Advance Auto Parts is headquartered in Roanoke and has expanded through the acquisition of other chains to become one of the largest auto parts retailers in the country. Norfolk Southern remains a major employer and has announced plans to hire new workers in 2007; FreightCar America has hired several hundred persons to assemble rail cars in shops leased from Norfolk Southern. General Electric and Toshiba manufacture large drive systems for electrical generation stations and factories at their joint facility in Salem. ITT manufactures night vision goggles at its plant in Roanoke County, and some of its employees have started other firms such as Optical Cable Corporation. The proximity of automotive assembly plants in the South has attracted manufacturers including Dynax, Koyo, and Yokohama, formerly Mohawk Tire. Roanoke's location allows for delivery within one day to most markets in the southeast, northeast, mid-atlantic, and Ohio Valley, which has made it a distribution center for such companies as Orvis, Elizabeth Arden, and Hanover Direct. United Parcel Service (UPS) maintains a major facility at the Roanoke Regional Airport. While the city of Roanoke has lost population, suburbs in Roanoke County, southern Botetourt County, and areas of Bedford County and Franklin County near Smith Mountain Lake have grown. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Interior of Valley View Mall. ... A typical Advance Auto Parts store. ... “GE” redirects here. ... Toshiba Corporations headquarters (Center) in Hamamatsucho, Tokyo Toshiba Corporation sales by division for year ending March 31, 2005 Toshiba Corporation ) (TYO: 6502 ) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Experimental night vision goggles. ... Optical Cable Corporation (NASDAQ: OCCF), headquartered in Roanoke, Virginia, manufactures fiber optical cable. ... The Yokohama Rubber Company, Limited ) (TYO: 5101 ) is a tire company based in Tokyo, Japan. ... Carl D. Perkins Bridge in Portsmouth, Ohio with Ohio River and Scioto River tributary on right. ... Orvis[1] is a fishing and sporting equipment manufacturer based in Vermont, USA. It is one of the oldest fly fishing tackle manufacturers in the world, established in 1856. ... Elizabeth Arden (1939) Elizabeth Arden (December 31, 1878 - October 18, 1966) was a Canadian businesswoman who built a cosmetics empire in the United States. ... United Parcel Service, Inc. ... Smith Mountain Lake Smith Mountain Lake is a large artificial lake southeast of Roanoke, Virginia, and southwest of Lynchburg, Virginia. ...

The City of Roanoke also created an initiative in 2006 to address the brain drain of the region. Since that period many programs and events have been established to enhance the importance of this issue as it is related to the current and future economy.Roanoke Connectis a database that matches job seekers who want to be in Roanoke with employers looking for qualified candidates. Additionally, the Roanoke Holiday Career and Lifestyle Fair was established to showcase the professional and social opportunities in the city to folks home for the holidays. Finally, the emergence of many young professional organizations such as Valley Forward, Newva Connects have given the city a vibrant, critical mass of young adults engaged in the community at many different levels.

Media

Print

Roanoke is the media hub for much of Southwestern Virginia and parts of Southern West Virginia. Southwest Virginia at its greatest geographical definition Southwest Virginia is a mountainous region of Virginia in the westernmost part of the commonwealth. ... Southern West Virginia is a culturally and geographically distinct region in the U.S. state of West Virginia. ...

The city's daily newspaper, The Roanoke Times, has been published for 120 years and edited for many years in the twentieth century by famed editor John W. Eure. The newspaper's current owner is Landmark Communications. Weekday circulation averages a little over 100,000 with Sunday circulation around 110,000. In 2002, it was designated the best-read daily newspaper in the country, according to the 2002 Scarborough Report. Of 162 newspapers in top U.S. metropolitan areas, The Roanoke Times ranked first in the percentage of adults who read their daily newspaper. It ranked first again in 2006.[15] The Roanoke Times established a web site around 1996 and has developed a web portal at Roanoke.com. The Roanoke Times is the main newspaper in Roanoke, Virginia. ... Landmark Communications is a privately-held media company specializing in cable television, broadcast television, print publishing, and internet publishing. ... For information regarding portals on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Portal. ...

The Roanoke Times also recently purchased the Blue Ridge Business Journal which publishes 25 issues per year that focus on the business community in Roanoke and the surrounding region. The weekly Roanoke Tribune covers the city's African-American community. Main Street Newspapers publishes weekly newspapers for surrounding communities such as Salem, Vinton, southwest Roanoke County, and Botetourt County.

The Roanoker is the area's bi-monthly lifestyle magazine and is published by Leisure Publishing, which also publishes the bi-monthly Blue Ridge Country magazine.

Broadcast

Television

Roanoke and Lynchburg are grouped in the same television market, which currently ranks #68 in the United States with 440,398 households. There are affiliates for all networks as well as independent stations. Local CBS affiliate WDBJ-7, led by its 6 PM newscast, has been the traditional ratings leader, regardless of the national ratings for CBS, although local NBC affiliate WSLS-10 has gained ratings in recent years. While WDBJ-7 and WSLS-10 are in Roanoke, local ABC affiliate WSET-13 is in Lynchburg and its news coverage focuses on the eastern portion of the market. Lynchburg is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... This article is about the broadcast network. ... WDBJ is the CBS television network affiliate serving the Roanoke-Lynchburg television market. ... A newscast typically consists of the coverage of various news events and other information, either produced locally by a radio or television station, or by a broadcast network. ... This article is about the television network. ... WSLS-TV is the NBC network affiliate serving the Roanoke / Lynchburg, Virginia television market. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... WSET-TV is the ABC television network affiliate in Lynchburg-Roanoke, Virginia. ...

Other stations in the market include Fox affiliate WFXR Fox 21/27 in Roanoke, PBS affiliate WBRA-15 in Roanoke, Liberty University's WTLU-19 in Lynchburg, independent WDRL-24 in Pelham, North Carolina, and ION Television affiliate WPXR-38 in Roanoke. The Fox Broadcasting Company is a television network in the United States. ... WFXR-TV is an affiliate of the Fox Television Network in Roanoke, Virginia. ... Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... WBRA is the Roanoke-Lynchburg, Virginia PBS network affiliate, operating on UHF channel 15 owned by Blue Ridge Public Television. ... Liberty University is a Christian liberal arts university in Lynchburg, Virginia. ... WTLU-CA, channel 19, is an independent television station owned by Liberty University with studios and offices located at the universitys campus in Lynchburg, Virginia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Pelham is an unincorporated community in northwest Caswell County, North Carolina at the North Carolina/Viginia border. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area  Ranked 28th  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (240 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (901 km)  - % water 9. ... ION Television is a broadcast and cable television network first broadcast on August 31, 1998 under the name PAX TV (early on in its development, it was called PaxNet). ... WPXR is the i affiliate for Roanoke, Virginia. ...

Radio

The following is a partial list of radio stations in the Roanoke-Lynchburg market, which has a population of 412,300 and is ranked #115 in the US. For a more complete list see radio stations in the Roanoke area.

The abbreviations FM, Fm, and fm may refer to: Electrical engineering Frequency modulation (FM) and its most common applications: FM broadcasting, used primarily to broadcast music and speech at VHF frequencies FM synthesis, a sound-generation technique popularized by early digital synthesizers Science Femtometre (fm), an SI measure of length... WXLK-FM / K92 (aka K92 Radio, K92-FM) is a Top 40 radio station serving the Roanoke - Lynchburg and the New River Valley area of Virginia and West Virginia, in the United States. ... WSLC-FM / 94. ... WROV-FM is a rock radio station in Roanoke, Virginia at 96. ... WZZI and WZZU are pair of radio stations based in Roanoke and Lynchburg, Virginia. ... WJJS and WJJX (AKA JAMMIN 106. ... WJJS and WJJX (AKA JAMMIN 106. ... AM broadcasting is radio broadcasting using Amplitude Modulation. ... WFIR is the only all-news radio station in Roanoke, VA. The WFIR antenna is located at Towers Mall, with the two towers literally surrounded by a shopping center in Southwest Roanoke. ...

Arts, history and culture in Roanoke

Roanoke is the home to several artistic, cultural, and historical organizations.

Center in the Square was opened in downtown Roanoke on December 9, 1983 near the city market as part of the city's downtown revitalization effort. The Center, a converted warehouse, houses the History Museum of Western Virginia, which contains exhibits and artifacts related to the area's history and has a library of materials available to scholars and the public. The Center also houses the Science Museum of Western Virginia and the Hopkins Planetarium. is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... For the song by Ai Otsuka, see Planetarium (song) // A planetarium is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation. ...

A painting of downtown roanoke.

Mill Mountain Theatre, a regional theatre, is located on the first floor of Center in the Square. As the name implies, the theatre was originally located on Mill Mountain from 1964 until 1976 when its original facility was destroyed by fire. The theatre has both a main stage for mainstream performances and a smaller black box theatre called Waldron Stage which hosts both newer and more experimental plays along with other live events. The best known events are an annual festival of new plays and the "No Shame Theatre" every Friday at 11 PM which is open to any performance that is "original, five minutes or less, and doesn’t break anything – people, the space, or laws." Mill Mountain Theatre has an atelier for visiting actors in a former downtown hotel. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Regional theatres (also called resident theatres) in the United States are professional theatre companies outside of New York City that produce their own seasons. ... Black box theatres are small, easily reconfigurable theatre spaces. ... Art studio A studio is an artists workroom. ...

The Center's other prominent tenant is the Art Museum of Western Virginia. The art museum features nineteenth and twentieth century American art, contemporary and modern art, decorative arts, and works on paper, and presents exhibitions of both regional and national significance. The art museum has begun construction of a new 75,000 square foot facility designed by Los Angeles based architect Randall Stout, who earlier in his career worked under Frank Gehry. The facility's design has sparked debate in the community between those who feel it will be a bold, refreshing addition to Roanoke and those who feel its unusual, irregular design featuring sharp angles contrasts too strongly with the existing buildings. Some are also concerned about the facility's cost at a time when many Roanoke area artistic organizations face financial challenges. The Art Museum of Western Virginia is an art museum located in the city of Roanoke in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Frank Owen Gehry (born Ephraim Owen Goldberg, February 28, 1929) is a Pritzker Prize winning architect based in Los Angeles, California. ...

Roanoke's best known museum is the Virginia Museum of Transportation which houses many locomotives which were built in Roanoke, most prominently the Norfolk and Western J class #611 and A class #1218 steam engines, and other locomotives and rolling stock. As the name implies, however, the museum also covers the whole scope of transportation including aviation, automobiles, and buses. Rolling Stock banner Rolling Stock was a newspaper of ideas and a chronicle of the 1980s published in Boulder, Colorado by Ed Dorn and Jennifer Dunbar Dorn. ... Look up aviation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Car redirects here. ... This article is about the form of transport. ...

Roanoke's landmark former passenger rail station has hosted the O. Winston Link Museum dedicated to the late steam-era railroad photography of O. Winston Link since 2004. Ogle Winston Link[1] (December 16, 1914 – January 30, 2001), known commonly as O. Winston Link, was an American photographer. ...

The Harrison Museum of African-American Culture is dedicated to the history and culture of Roanoke's African-American community and is currently located at a former school in the Gainsboro section of Roanoke. Gainsboro was originally a separate community and was founded before Big Lick. The Harrison Museum will move to Center in the Square when the Art Museum of Western Virginia occupies its new facility.

The most prominent recent addition to Roanoke's performing arts scene is the Shaftman Performance Hall, which opened in May 2001 and is located at the Jefferson Center, which formerly served Roanoke as Jefferson High School. Shaftman Hall hosts a regular season of concerts and other performances from the fall through the spring as well as other entertainment events and lectures.

In November 2006, the former Dumas Hotel was reopened as the Dumas Center for Artistic and Cultural Development. The hotel is located on a segment of First Street NW commonly known as Henry Street. Located literally across the railroad tracks from the center of downtown Roanoke, Henry Street served as the commercial and cultural center of Roanoke's African American community prior to desegregation. The Dumas Hotel hosted such guests as Louis Armstrong, Ethel Waters, Count Basie, Duke Ellington and Nat King Cole when they performed in Roanoke. The renovated Dumas Center houses an auditorium with more than 180 seats, the Downtown Music Lab: a recording studio and music education center for teens, the Dumas Drama Guild, and the offices of Opera Roanoke. Desegregation is the process of ending racial segregation, most commonly used in reference to the United States. ... Louis[1] Armstrong[2] (4 August 1901[3] – July 6, 1971), nicknamed Satchmo[4] and Pops, was an American jazz musician. ... Ethel Waters (October 31, 1896–September 1, 1977) was an Oscar-nominated American blues vocalist and actress. ... William Count Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. ... This article is about the American Jazz composer and performer. ... Nathaniel Adams Coles, known professionally as Nat King Cole (March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965) was a popular American singer, songwriter, and jazz pianist. ...

The Roanoke Symphony Orchestra has performances at Shaftman Hall, the Salem Civic Center, and the Roanoke Civic Center. Current conductor David Wiley and his predecessor Victoria Bond have made the Roanoke Symphony Orchestra nationally respected. The Salem Civic Center is a 6,820-seat multi-purpose arena in Salem, Virginia. ... Roanoke Civic Center is a 9,828-seat multi-purpose arena in Roanoke, Virginia. ...

Virginia Western Theatre has performances in Whitman Auditorium at Virginia Western Community College, and has been performing high quality original and well known theatrical productions since 1968. VWT is best known for their family friendly, “children’s production” that happens each winter. This production usually is attended by 3000+ people each year.

The Roanoke Civic Center's auditorium and newly renovated theatre, now known as the Roanoke Performing Arts Theatre, host concerts, touring Broadway theatre performances, the Miss Virginia pageant, and other events. For other uses of Broadway, see Broadway. ...

The Grandin Theatre in the Grandin Village of Southwest Roanoke regularly screens art house films, family features, and mainstream movies. The Grandin Theatre was the home of Mill Mountain Theatre from 1976 until 1983. The Buchanan Theatre recently reopened in Buchanan and screens classic and mainstream films and holds concerts and other live events. Buchanan is a town located in Botetourt County, Virginia. ...

Roanoke has also been home to the Showtimers Community Theatre since 1951. Attic Productions is located in Fincastle and opened a new facility in November 2006. The Star City Playhouse plans to begin performances in 2007 at its theatre on Williamson Road. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Fincastle is a town located in Botetourt County, Virginia. ... Williamson Road is an approximately 8. ...

Crime

Crime is becoming a large problem in the Roanoke urban areas.^{[citation needed]} This is mostly do to the homegrown gangs including LTP (Linkon Terrance Posse) originating from the Lincoln Terrance housing projects and the VH1 (Villa Heights 1) which formed in the Villa heights projects building one.^{[citation needed]} There is also evidence of national gang operations with in Roanoke such as the Mexican Mafia, Bloods, and Crips.^{[citation needed]} These gangs transport cocaine from Washington D.C. and turn it onto crack cocaine in the city.^{[citation needed]} The drug trade has made the crime rates sky rocket and made the city the second most dangerous city in Virginia only behind Richmond which is fifteenth in the country.^{[citation needed]} Roanoke has even registered as the twelfth most dangerous city with a metropolitan area of 60,000 and 100,000 behind infamously dangerous cities such as Camden, New Jersey.^{[citation needed]} The Mexican Mafia (MM) or La eMe (eMe) is a Mexican-American criminal prison gang in the United States. ... The Bloods are one of the Los Angeles, California street gangs. ... The blue bandanas worn by most Crip gangs. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... A pile of crack cocaine ‘rocks’. Crack Cocaine is a highly addictive form of cocaine that is popular for its intense high. ... This graph shows the rate of non-fatal firearm-related crime in the United States from 1993 to 2003. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... When the word metropolitan (from the Greek metera = mother and polis = town) is used as an adjective, as in metropolitan bishop, metropolitan France, or metropolitan area it can mean: of or characteristic of a metropolis; see also metropolitan area, Metropolitan Police, Metropolitan Railway of or belonging to the home territories... The City of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey in the United States. ...

Sports in Roanoke

Professional

The 1971-1972 Virginia Squires of the ABA were the only major league sports team ever to regularly play home games in Roanoke. During the 1971-1972 season, the Squires split home games between Richmond, Norfolk, Hampton Roads, and Roanoke.^[4] Julius Erving played his professional rookie season with the Squires. The Virginia Squires was a basketball franchise in the former American Basketball Association that existed from 1970 through 1976. ... For the league that began in 1999, see American Basketball Association (2000-). The American Basketball Association (ABA) was a professional basketball league founded in 1967, and eventually merged, in part, with the National Basketball Association (NBA). ... Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of play in professional baseball in North America. ... Norfolk, Virginia, viewed from Portsmouth, across the Elizabeth River Norfolk is a city in the U.S. state of Virginia in the United States of America. ... Julius Winfield Erving II (born February 22, 1950 in Roosevelt, New York), commonly known by the nickname Dr. J, is a former American basketball player who helped launch a modern style of play that emphasizes leaping and play above the rim. ...

Minor league baseball has been more successful in building and maintaining a fan base than the Roanoke Valley's other minor league sports teams. In the 1940s and early 1950s, Roanoke was home to a class B farm team of the Boston Red Sox. Since 1955, neighboring Salem has hosted the local minor league baseball team, currently the Salem Avalanche of the high Class A Carolina League. For the organization which many minor leagues belong to, see Minor League Baseball Part of the History of baseball series. ... Major league affiliations American League (1901–present) East Division (1969–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 1, 4, 8, 9, 27, 42 Name Boston Red Sox (1908–present) Boston Americans (1901-1907) Other nicknames The BoSox, The Olde Towne Team, The Sox Ballpark Fenway Park (1912–present) Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds... League Carolina League Division Southern Year founded 1968 Major League affiliation Houston Astros Home ballpark Lewis-Gale Medical Center Field at Salem Memorial Baseball Stadium Previous home ballparks Kiwanis Field City Salem, Virginia Current uniform colors red, black, and white Previous uniform colors purple, black, white, gold (Buccaneers, Pirates), navy... The Carolina League is a minor league baseball affiliation which operates in the South Atlantic region of the United States. ...

Minor league hockey also has a history in the Roanoke Valley dating to the 1960s and reached a zenith of popularity in the mid to late 1990s with the Roanoke Express of the ECHL. The team's attendance eventually declined due to a lack of postseason success and management turmoil which led to the Express folding after the 2003-2004 season. A revival in 2005-2006 by the UHL's Roanoke Valley Vipers failed after one season due to a losing record and a general disconnect between the local fan base and the midwestern based league and owners. The team was formed in part to provide a travel partner for a UHL franchise in Richmond which also folded after the 2005-2006 season. The southeastern based Southern Professional Hockey League, nearly all of whose teams are located in cities with former ECHL teams, is a candidate to bring hockey back to the Roanoke Valley in the future. The Roanoke Express were a team in the ECHL from 1993 until 2004. ... The ECHL (formerly the East Coast Hockey League) is a professional ice hockey league based in Princeton, New Jersey, with teams scattered across the United States and Canada, generally regarded as a tier below the American Hockey League. ... The United Hockey League is a professional AA-level minor league in ice hockey in the United States. ... The Roanoke Valley Vipers are a professional ice hockey team located in Roanoke, Virginia. ... The Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) is a professional ice hockey league with teams located in the southeastern United States. ...

The Roanoke Dazzle of the NBDL and the Roanoke Steam of the af2 (Arena Football) folded after never developing consistent followings, although the Dazzle's attendance was similar to the other inaugural franchises in the league and it was one of the last two teams to remain in its original city. Over the years, Roanoke has also had teams in soccer and men's and women's semi-professional football. The Roanoke Dazzle are a NBA Development League team based in Roanoke, Virginia . ... The National Basketball Development League is the NBAs officially sponsored and operated developmental basketball organization. ... The Roanoke Steam is a now-defunct af2 charter member franchise. ... af2 (short for arenafootball2) is the name of the Arena Football Leagues minor league, which started play in 2000. ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ...

Amateur

College

For a number of years, Roanoke, with Richmond and Norfolk, was one of the nominally neutral sites for the annual basketball game between the Virginia Cavaliers and Virginia Tech Hokies. During most of the 1970s through 1990s, the University of Virginia dominated the rivalry and as such tended to have significantly greater fan representation, despite Roanoke's closer proximity to Virginia Tech's home in Blacksburg. In the late 1990s, the schools started holding these games in their own campus facilities. This article is about the sport. ... The Virginia Cavaliers are the athletics teams of the University of Virginia. ... Virginia Tech sponsors 18 sports and competes at the NCAA Division I level. ... The University of Virginia (also called U.Va. ... This article or section should include material from Virginia Bioinformatics Institute. ... Blacksburg is a town located in Montgomery County, Virginia. ...

The Virginia Tech Hokies ice hockey team has used the Roanoke Civic Center as its regular season home venue, including for the 2006-2007 season.[16] Virginia Tech sponsors 18 sports and competes at the NCAA Division I level. ... Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. ...

From the 1940s through the late 1960s, Roanoke's Victory Stadium hosted an annual Thanksgiving Day game between Virginia Tech and the Virginia Military Institute and other high profile college football games. Victory Stadium was an American Football stadium located in Roanoke, Virginia. ... For the Canadian holiday, see Thanksgiving (Canada). ... This article or section should include material from Virginia Bioinformatics Institute. ... The Virginia Military Institute (VMI), located in Lexington, Virginia, is the oldest state military college in the United States. ...

Preps

Patrick Henry High School is a member of the AAA Western Valley District. The Patriots won Group AAA state titles in mens' basketball in 1988 and 1992 and football in 1973. George Lynch and Curtis Staples are among the athletes who have attended the school. The AAA Western Valley District is a high school conference in the state of Virginia that includes schools in Central & Southwest Virginia. ...

William Fleming High School is currently a member of the AA Blue Ridge District but will return to the AAA Western Valley District for the 2007-2008 school year. The Colonels have established strong programs in mens' basketball and football with a Group AA state championship in men's basketball in 2007 and two state runner-up seasons in both sports over the last 15 years. Lee Suggs graduated from Fleming. The AA Blue Ridge District is a district in the Region III of the Virginia High School League. ...

Roanoke Catholic High School is a member of the Virginia Independent Schools Athletic Association. The Celtics won a VISAA football state championship in the 1990s and have recently fielded strong mens' basketball teams, often with foreign players, and have produced college players such as Virginia's J.R. Reynolds.

The city has planned to build separate on-campus football stadiums at the schools to replace Victory Stadium, which was demolished in summer 2006. However, exact plans have not been approved because of budgetary reasons and concerns by neighbors of Patrick Henry.

Festivals

Roanoke and surrounding communities host the annual Commonwealth Games of Virginia, an Olympic-style amateur sports festival.

Economic statistics: Roanoke MSA

The Roanoke Star is the origin of the city's nickname Star City of the South.

The Roanoke, VA MSA is a U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in Virginia as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June, 2003. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 764 KB)The Roanoke Star, photographed by Ben Schumin, April 7, 2005. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 764 KB)The Roanoke Star, photographed by Ben Schumin, April 7, 2005. ... Roanoke, VA MSA is a U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in Virginia as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June, 2003. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas, which are organized around county boundaries. ... The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is a body within the Executive Office of the President of the United States which is tasked with coordinating United States Federal agencies. ...

Note: Since a state constitutional change in 1871, all cities in Virginia are independent cities and they are not legally located in any county. The OMB considers these independent cities to be county-equivalents for the purpose of defining MSAs in Virginia. Each MSA is listed by its counties, then cities, each in alphabetical order, and not by size. This article is about the U.S. state. ... An independent city is a city that does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity. ... A county-equivalent in the United States is a term used by the federal government to describe one of the two following state subdivisions: A unit of local government in certain states which is comparable to a county as found in most states. ...

The Roanoke, VA MSA includes:

• Botetourt County
• Craig County
• Franklin County
• Roanoke County
• City of Roanoke
• City of Salem
• Town of Vinton

Botetourt County, Virginia, from 1895 state map Botetourt County iis a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Craig County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Salem is an independent city located in Virginia, bordered by the city of Roanoke and Roanoke County. ...

Nicknames

Many businesses and organizations have Star City in their names.^{[citation needed]} The older Magic City is still used, most prominently by Roanoke's Ford dealership.^{[citation needed]} The city's original name of Big Lick is often used in whimsical contexts.^{[citation needed]} Roanoke's status as the largest city in a mountainous area has led to the nickname Capital of the Blue Ridge.^{[citation needed]} Others more critical of the city's shortcomings have coined the nickname Roajoke.^{[citation needed]} By some teenagers of the area, it is referred to as The 'Noke.^{[citation needed]} Ford may mean a number of things: A ford is a river crossing. ...

South Roanoke, a particularly affluent area within the city, is referred to as "SoRo".^[5][6]

Sister cities

Roanoke has seven sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI): Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ...

• Florianópolis, Brazil
• Kisumu, Kenya
• Lijiang, China
• Pskov, Russia
• Saint-Lô, France
• Wonju, South Korea
• Opole, Poland

Image File history File links Flag_of_Brazil. ... Nickname: Location in Brazil Coordinates: , Country Region State Santa Catarina Founded March 23, 1726 Government  - Mayor Dario Elias Berger (PSDB) Area  - City 436. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kenya. ... Kisumu ( ) is a port city in western Kenya at 1131m, with a population of 322,024 (1999 census). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Lijiang City (Chinese: 丽江市; Hanyu Pinyin: ) refers to an administrative division comprising of urban and rural areas in northwestern Yunnan Province, China. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... The Trinity Cathedral (1682-99) is a symbol of Pskovs former might and independence. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Saint-Lô is a town and commune of France, the préfecture (capital) of the Manche département, in Normandy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Korea. ... Wonju is a city in Gangwon province, South Korea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland. ... Opole ( ; German: ) is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River (Odra). ...

Notable residents

Born in Roanoke:

• wrestler Tony Atlas
• twin NFL players Ronde Barber and Tiki Barber (Roanoke County)
• model and actress Tai Collins
• singer Ross Copperman (Roanoke County)
• former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Henry H. Fowler
• former United States Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson
• Durell Coleman, Star Search Winner, recording artist & bandleader ^[7]
• famous medical patient Henrietta Lacks
• NBA basketball player George Lynch (city)
• singer Wayne Newton
• actor John Payne
• former Basketball player Curtis Staples (city)
• NFL football player Lee Suggs
• Big band leader and jazz pianist James "Jimmy" St. Clair ^{[citation needed]}
• Guitarist and singer J.D. Cronise of The Sword

Raised in Roanoke: Anthony White[1] (born April 23, 1954) is a bodybuilder, powerlifter, and former professional wrestler who performed under the ring name Tony Atlas. ... NFL logo For other uses of the abbreviation NFL, see NFL (disambiguation). ... Jamael Orondé Barber (born April 7, 1975 in Roanoke, Virginia) is an American football player who currently plays as a cornerback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL. He is the identical twin brother of New York Giants running back Tiki Barber. ... Atiim Kiambu Hakeem-ah Tiki Barber (born April 7, 1975 in Roanoke, Virginia) is a news and sports broadcaster, author, and former American football running back for the New York Giants. ... Photograph of the once famous model Dovima A model is a person who poses or displays for purposes of art, fashion, or other products and advertising. ... Actors in period costume sharing a joke whilst waiting between takes during location filming. ... On the cover of Playboy, October 1991 Tai Collins (born Tanquil Lisa Collins 1963 in Roanoke, Virginia) is a model, actress, screenwriter, and former Miss Virginia (1983), whose television credits include writing for and acting on Baywatch. ... Ross Copperman (born 1983) is an American singer-songwriter. ... The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the finance minister of the Federal Government of the United States. ... }} Henry Hammill Fowler (September 5, 1908–January 3, 2000) was an American lawyer and politician. ... The United States Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) is the head of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), concerned with the armed services and military matters. ... Louis Arthur Johnson (January 10, 1891 - April 24, 1966) was the second United States Secretary of Defense, serving in the cabinet of President Harry S. Truman from March 28, 1949 to September 19, 1950. ... Star Search was a television show from 1983 to 1995 hosted by Ed McMahon, which also appeared as a remake in 2003-2004. ... Henrietta Lacks (August 18, 1920 – October 4, 1951) was the involuntary donor of cells from her cancerous tumor, which were cultured by George Otto Gey to create an immortal cell line for medical research. ... NBA redirects here. ... This article is about the sport. ... George DeWitt Lynch (born September 3, 1970, in Roanoke, Virginia) is a retired American professional basketball player in the NBA. After leading the University of North Carolina to an NCAA title in 1993, he was selected by the Los Angeles Lakers with the 12th overall pick in that years... For other uses, see Singer (disambiguation). ... Carson Wayne Newton (born April 3, 1942, in Roanoke, Virginia) is an American singer and entertainer based in Las Vegas, Nevada. ... Payne in Kansas City Confidental John Payne was an American movie actor who is mainly remembered as a singer in 20th Century Fox film musicals. ... This article is about the sport. ... Curtis Staples was an American basketball player who played from 1994 to 1998 for the University of Virginia. ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ... Lee Ernest Suggs, Jr. ... J.D. Cronise is an American musician and leader of the heavy metal band The Sword. ... For other uses, see The Sword (disambiguation). ...

• McAfee founder John McAfee
• NBA basketball player J.J. Redick (Roanoke County)

One-time resident: McAfee, Inc. ... John McAfee (born September, 1945) is a software engineer and founder of McAfee. ... This article is about the sport. ... Jonathan Clay J.J. Redick (born June 24, 1984 in Cookeville, Tennessee) is an American professional basketball player at the shooting guard position who was selected 11th overall by the Orlando Magic in the 2006 NBA Draft. ...

• former Miss America Nicole Johnson Baker
• author Nelson S. Bond
• civil rights attorney Oliver Hill
• playwright Kermit Hunter
• movie actress Debbie Reynolds (metro area)
• American National Socialist Workers' Party Commander Bill White

For the patriotically-themed comic book superheroines, see Miss America (comics). ... Nicole Johnson (born circa 1974) was the winner of the 1999 Miss America pageant, and is now a diabetes advocate. ... Nelson Slade Bond (November 23, 1908 - November 4, 2006) was an early writer of science fiction and fantasy, he also wrote a great deal of sports and crime fiction. ... Oliver White Hill (May 1, 1907 – August 5, 2007) was a civil rights attorney from Richmond, Virginia. ... A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... (October 2, 1910, McDowell County, WV - April 11, 2001, Dallas, TX) American playwright known primarily for writing outdoor historical dramas. ... Debbie Reynolds (born April 1, 1932) is an American actress, dancer and singer. ... William A. White (born 1977), also known as Bill White, is the leader of the American National Socialist Workers Party and the administrator of the antisemitic website . ...

Landmarks and points of interest

Roanoke's Historical Fire Station #1: The Firehouse opened in 1907 and is the oldest operating Firehouse in Virginia.

• Blue Ridge Parkway [17]
• Virginia's Explore Park [18]
• Hotel Roanoke
• O. Winston Link Museum
• Mill Mountain Star [19]
• Roanoke Historic Farmers Market
• Mill Mountain Zoo
• Roanoke Weiner Stand
• Texas Tavern
• Roanoke's Historical Fire Station #1
• Old Southwest Neighborhood
• Hollins University [20]
• St Andrews Parish, State and National Landmark
• Valhalla Vineyards

Image File history File links Roanokefirestation1. ... Image File history File links Roanokefirestation1. ... Blue Ridge Parkway route map The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States, noted for its scenic beauty. ... Virginias Explore Park is a living history museum and recreational facility locaed at milepost 115 on the Blue Ridge Parkway in Roanoke County, Virginia. ... The Hotel Roanoke is a hotel and National Historic Landmark located in Roanoke, Virginia. ... The O. Winston Link Museum is a museum dedicated to the photography of O. Winston Link, the twentieth century photographer widely considered the master of the juxtaposition between steam railroading and rural culture. ... The Mill Mountain Star in early evening. ... Hollins University is a four-year institution of higher education, a private university located on a 475-acre campus on the border of Roanoke County, Virginia and Botetourt County, Virginia. ... Valhalla Vineyards is a vineyard and winery located in the North Fork of Roanoke American Viticultural Area in Roanoke County, Virginia. ...

Specialty histories about Roanoke

• The History of the Roanoke Fire Department in progress from the 1880s to present, with current news and links
• The Maurice Wiseman Project - History of the Roanoke Fire Service
• Old Roanoke - A photographic history of Roanoke Virginia
• The Lendy's Web Page
• Roanoke - Star City
• The 1240 WROV History Site
• Brief history and modern panoramic photos from the Roanoke Civil War Round Table

Organizations, Associations and Clubs

• The Roanoke Outdoor and Social Club
• The Southwest Virginia Outdoor And Social Club

References

Coordinates: 37°16′N, 79°56′W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

	v • d • e Commonwealth of Virginia Richmond (capital)
Topics	Rivers | Governors | Colony | Rights | Homes | Colleges and universities | Counties | People Image File history File links Flag_of_Virginia. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Nickname: Motto: Sic dic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (I) Area  - City 62. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... This is a list of rivers in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... This is a list of Governors of Virginia since Virginia became a U.S. state following the American Revolutionary War. ... A map of the Colony of Virginia. ... The Virginia Declaration of Rights is a declaration by the Virginia Convention of Delegates of rights of individuals and a call for independence from Britain. ... Historic houses in Virginia is a link page for any stately home or historic house in Virginia. ... See Virginia state entry. ... The Commonwealth of Virginia is divided into 95 counties and 39 independent cities, which are considered county-equivalents for census puposes. ...
Regions	Allegheny Mountains | Atlantic Coastal Plain | Blue Ridge | Chesapeake Bay | Delmarva Peninsula | Eastern Shore | Hampton Roads | Middle Peninsula | Northern Neck | Northern Virginia | Piedmont | Ridge‑and‑valley Appalachians | Shenandoah Valley | South Hampton Roads | Southside | Southwest Virginia | Tennessee Valley | Tidewater | Tri-Cities | Virginia Peninsula This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental) and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U.S. states, the federal district of Washington, D.C. or standard subentities such as cities or counties. ... The Allegheny Mountain Range (also spelled Alleghany and Allegany) -- informally, the Alleghenies -- is part of the Appalachian Mountain Range of the eastern United States. ... The Atlantic Coastal Plain is the rather flat stretch of land that borders the Atlantic Ocean (including the Gulf of Mexico). ... Blue Ridge Mountains, Shining Rock Wilderness Area Appalachian Mountain system The Blue Ridge is a mountain chain in the eastern United States, part of the Appalachian Mountains, forming their eastern front from Georgia to Pennsylvania. ... The Chesapeake Bay - Landsat photo The Chesapeake Bay where the Susquehanna River empties into it. ... Delmarva Peninsula map The Delmarva Peninsula is a large peninsula on the East Coast of the United States, occupied by portions of three U.S. states: Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. ... The Eastern Shore of Virginia is on the Atlantic Coast of the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... This view from space in July 1996 shows portions of each of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which generally surround the harbor area of Hampton Roads, which framed by the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel visible to the east (right), the Virginia Peninsula subregion to the north (top), and the... The Middle Peninsula is, as its name implies, the middle of three peninsulas on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. ... The Northern Neck is the northernmost of three peninsulas on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, USA. This peninsula is bounded by the Potomac River on the north and the Rappahannock River on the south. ... Map of Northern Virginia Northern Virginia (NoVA) consists of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and the independent cities of Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, and Manassas Park. ... The James River winds its way among piedmont hills in central Virginia. ... The Ridge-and-valley Appalachians are a belt within the Appalachian Mountains extending from northern New Jersey westward into Pennsylvania and southward into Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. ... Canoeing on the Shenandoah River near Winchester, VA. The Shenandoah Valley region of western Virginia, from Winchester to Staunton, is bounded by the Blue Ridge mountains to the East and the Allegheny mountains to the West. ... South Hampton Roads is a region located in the extreme southeastern portion of Virginia in the United States. ... Southside is the colloquial name given to a broad swath of southeastern and/or south-central Virginia, USA. The term Southside can be used in two senses: It can refer to the south side of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. ... Southwest Virginia at its greatest geographical definition Southwest Virginia is a mountainous region of Virginia in the westernmost part of the commonwealth. ... The Tennessee Valley is the drainage basin of the Tennessee River and is largely within the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... The Tidewater region of Virginia is the southeastern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia, centered on Hampton Roads. ... The Tri-Cities of Virginia (also known as the Tri-City area or the Appomatox Basin) is an area in the Greater Richmond Region which includes the three independent cities of Petersburg, Colonial Heights, and Hopewell and portions of the adjoining counties of Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, and Prince George in south... The Virginia Peninsula is a peninsula in southeast Virginia, bounded by the York River, James River, Hampton Roads and Chesapeake Bay. ...
Metro areas	Alexandria | Arlington | Blacksburg | Bluefield | Bristol | Christiansburg | Charlottesville | Culpeper | Danville | Harrisonburg | Lynchburg | Martinsville | Newport News | Norfolk | Radford | Richmond | Roanoke | Staunton | Virginia Beach | Warrenton | Waynesboro | Winchester | Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA)s as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget as of June 2003 a List of U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in Virginia as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget as of June, 2003. ... Map of Northern Virginia Northern Virginia (NoVA) consists of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and the independent cities of Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, and Manassas Park. ... Map of Northern Virginia Northern Virginia (NoVA) consists of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and the independent cities of Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, and Manassas Park. ... Blacksburgs location within Virgina Virginias location within the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Montgomery Founded 1798 Government  - Mayor Ron Rordam Area  - Town  19. ... Nickname: Virginia’s Tallest Town Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Tazewell Government  - Mayor James Jones Area  - City  7. ... The Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA MSA is a U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). ... Motto: Progressive Small Town Living at its Best Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Montgomery Incorporated November 10, 1792 Mayor Richard Ballengee Area    - City 36. ... Charlottesville is an independent city located within the confines of Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States, and named after Princess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the wife of King George III of England. ... Culpeper is an incorporated town in Culpeper County, Virginia, United States. ... Nickname: River City, City of Churches Motto: A World Class Organization Country United States State Virginia County Independent City  - Mayor R. Wayne Williams, Jr. ... Nickname: Location in Virginia Coordinates: , County Independent City Founded 1737 Government  - Mayor Rodney Eagle[1] Area  - City 45. ... Lynchburg is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Martinsville is an independent city located within the confines of Henry County, Virginia. ... This view from space in July 1996 shows portions of each of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which generally surround the harbor area of Hampton Roads, which framed by the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel visible to the east (right), the Virginia Peninsula subregion to the north (top), and the... This view from space in July 1996 shows portions of each of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which generally surround the harbor area of Hampton Roads, which framed by the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel visible to the east (right), the Virginia Peninsula subregion to the north (top), and the... Radford is an independent city located in Virginia. ... Richmond-Petersburg is a region located in a central part of the state of Virginia in the United States. ... West Beverley Street in downtown Staunton Staunton (IPA: or STAN-tehn or STANT-en) is an independent city within the confines of Augusta County in the commonwealth of Virginia. ... This view from space in July 1996 shows portions of each of the Seven Cities of Hampton Roads which generally surround the harbor area of Hampton Roads, which framed by the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel visible to the east (right), the Virginia Peninsula subregion to the north (top), and the... Street scene, Warrenton, Virginia, ca. ... Downtown Waynesboro showing Main Street, as well as the scar on the mountain prior to being seeded. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State Founded 1802 Government  - Mayor Elizabeth Minor Area  - City  9. ...
Counties	Accomack | Albemarle | Alleghany | Amelia | Amherst | Appomattox | Arlington | Augusta | Bath | Bedford | Bland | Botetourt | Brunswick | Buchanan | Buckingham | Campbell | Caroline | Carroll | Charles City | Charlotte | Chesterfield | Clarke | Craig | Culpeper | Cumberland | Dickenson | Dinwiddie | Essex | Fairfax | Fauquier | Floyd | Fluvanna | Franklin | Frederick | Giles | Gloucester | Goochland | Grayson | Greene | Greensville | Halifax | Hanover | Henrico | Henry | Highland | Isle of Wight | James City | King and Queen | King George | King William | Lancaster | Lee | Loudoun | Louisa | Lunenburg | Madison | Mathews | Mecklenburg | Middlesex | Montgomery | Nelson | New Kent | Northampton | Northumberland | Nottoway | Orange | Page | Patrick | Pittsylvania | Powhatan | Prince Edward | Prince George | Prince William | Pulaski | Rappahannock | Richmond | Roanoke | Rockbridge | Rockingham | Russell | Scott | Shenandoah | Smyth | Southampton | Spotsylvania | Stafford | Surry | Sussex | Tazewell | Warren | Washington | Westmoreland | Wise | Wythe | York The Commonwealth of Virginia is divided into 95 counties and 39 independent cities, which are considered county-equivalents for census puposes. ... Accomack County is a county located in the state of Virginia, USA. As of 2000, the population is 38,305. ... Albemarle County is a county located in the the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Alleghany County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Amelia County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Amherst County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Appomattox County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Arlington County is an urban county of about 203,000 residents in the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the U.S., directly across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. [1] Originally part of the District of Columbia, the land now comprising the county was retroceded to Virginia in a July... Augusta County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Bath County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Bedford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... Bland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... Botetourt County, Virginia, from 1895 state map Botetourt County iis a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Brunswick County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Buchanan County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Buckingham County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Campbell County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Caroline County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Carroll County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1619 Seat Charles City Area  - Total  - Water 529 km² (204 mi²) 56 km² (21 mi²) 10. ... Charlotte County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Chesterfield County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1836 Seat Berryville Area  - Total  - Water 462 km² (178 mi²) 4 km² (2 mi²) 0. ... Craig County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Culpeper County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Cumberland County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Dickenson County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Dinwiddie County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Essex County is a county located in the Middle Peninsula in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... Fairfax County is a county in Northern Virginia, in the United States. ... Fauquier County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Floyd County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Fluvanna County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1743 Seat Winchester Area  - Total  - Water 1,076 km² (416 mi²) 3 km² (1 mi²) 0. ... Giles County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Gloucester County is an historical Chesapeake county located on the Middle Peninsula of the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1727 Seat Goochland Area  - Total  - Water 751 km² (290 mi²) 14 km² (6 mi²) 1. ... Grayson County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Greene County is a county in central Virginia in the eastern United States. ... Greensville County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1752 Seat Halifax Area  - Total  - Water 2,149 km² (830 mi²) 27 km² (10 mi²) 1. ... Hanover County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Henrico County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... Henry County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Highland County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Isle of Wight County is a county located in the South Hampton Roads region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... James City County, Virginia as shown on 1895 map James City County (formally, the County of James City) is a county located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... King and Queen County is a county located in the Middle Peninsula in the state of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1720 Seat King George Area  - Total  - Water 486 km² (188 mi²) 20 km² (8 mi²) 4. ... King William County is a county located on the Middle Peninsula in the state of Virginia. ... Lancaster County is a county located on the Northern Neck in the state of Virginia. ... Lee County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Loudoun County (pronounced LOUD-un; IPA: ) is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States, and is part of the Washington Metropolitan Area. ... Louisa County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1746 Seat Lunenburg Area  - Total  - Water 1,120 km² (432 mi²) 2 km² (1 mi²) 0. ... Madison County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Mathews County is a county located on the Middle Peninsula in the state of Virginia. ... Mecklenburg County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Middlesex County is a county located on the Middle Peninsula in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Nelson County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... New Kent County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Northampton County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Northumberland County is a county located on the Northern Neck in the U.S. state of Virginia. ... Nottoway County is a county located in the state of Virginia, USA. As of 2000, the population is 15,725. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1734 Seat Orange Area  - Total  - Water 889 km² (343 mi²) 4 km² (2 mi²) 0. ... Page County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1791 Seat Stuart Area  - Total  - Water 1,258 km² (486 mi²) 7 km² (3 mi²) 0. ... Pittsylvania County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Powhatan County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Prince Edward County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed Seat Prince George Area  - Total  - Water 730 km² (282 mi²) 42 km² (16 mi²) 5. ... Prince William County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... Pulaski County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Rappahannock County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Richmond County is a county located on the Northern Neck in the state of Virginia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Rockbridge County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1778 Seat Harrisonburg Area  - Total  - Water 2,210 km² (853 mi²) 6 km² (2 mi²) 0. ... Russell County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Scott County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Shenandoah County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1832 Seat Marion Area  - Total  - Water 1,171 km² (452 mi²) 1 km² (0 mi²) 0. ... Southampton County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... Spotsylvania County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Stafford County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Surry County is a county located in the South Hampton Roads region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. ... Sussex County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed December 20, 1799 Seat Tazewell Area  - Total  - Water 1,347 km² (520 mi²) 0 km² (0 mi²) 0. ... Warren County is a county located in the U.S. state — officially, Commonwealth — of Virginia. ... Washington County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Westmoreland County is a county located in the Northern Neck of the state of Virginia. ... Wise County is a county located in the state of Virginia. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1790 Seat Wytheville Area  - Total  - Water 1,200 km² (463 mi²) 4 km² (1 mi²) 0. ... Location in the state of Virginia Formed 1634 Seat Yorktown Area  - Total  - Water 558 km² (216 mi²) 285 km² (110 mi²) 50. ...
Independent cities	Alexandria | Bedford | Bristol | Buena Vista | Charlottesville | Chesapeake | Colonial Heights | Covington | Danville | Emporia | Fairfax | Falls Church | Franklin | Fredericksburg | Galax | Hampton | Harrisonburg | Hopewell | Lexington | Lynchburg | Manassas | Manassas Park | Martinsville | Newport News | Norfolk | Norton | Petersburg | Poquoson | Portsmouth | Radford | Richmond | Roanoke | Salem | Staunton | Suffolk | Virginia Beach | Waynesboro | Williamsburg | Winchester An independent city is a city that does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity. ... Location in Virginia Coordinates: , Country State Founded 1718 Government  - Mayor William D. Euille Area  - City  15. ... Location in Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Mayor E. Thomas Messier Area    - City 17. ... Motto: A Good Place to Live Nickname: The Birthplace of Country Music Map Political Statistics County Independent city Mayor To Be Determined Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 34. ... Buena Vista, Virginia 6002 happy citizens and 3 old grouches Buena Vista, pronounced [ËŒbjunəˈvɪstÉ™] by locals, despite the correct Spanish pronunciation of [bwenaˈßista], is an independent city located within the confines of Rockbridge County in the state of Virginia. ... Charlottesville is an independent city located within the confines of Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States, and named after Princess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the wife of King George III of England. ... Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Founded 1963 Government  - Mayor Dalton S. Edge Area  - City  350. ... Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Incorporated 1948 Government  - Mayor John T. Wood Area  - City  7. ... Covington is an independent city within the confines of Alleghany County in the state of Virginia. ... Nickname: River City, City of Churches Motto: A World Class Organization Country United States State Virginia County Independent City  - Mayor R. Wayne Williams, Jr. ... Emporia is an independent city located within the confines of Greensville County in Virginia. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Founded 1805 Government  - Mayor Robert Lederer Area  - City  6. ... Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Founded 1875 Government  - Mayor Robin Gardner Area  - City  2. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Incorporated March, 1876 Government  - Mayor James P. Councill Area  - City  8. ... Location in Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City* Founded 1728 Incorporated 1781 Government  - Mayor Thomas Tomzak Area  - City  10. ... Galax is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Motto: Americas First Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: County Independent City Mayor Ross Kearney II Area    - City 352. ... Nickname: Location in Virginia Coordinates: , County Independent City Founded 1737 Government  - Mayor Rodney Eagle[1] Area  - City 45. ... Waterfront at City Point, Virginia (now Hopewell) in 1865 Hopewell is an independent city in the state of Virginia. ... Lexington is an independent city within the confines of Rockbridge County in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Lynchburg is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Manassas redirects here. ... Manassas Park is a city in Virginia. ... Martinsville is an independent city located within the confines of Henry County, Virginia. ... Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Incorporated 1896 Government  - Mayor Joe Frank Area  - City  119. ... Motto: Crescas (Latin for, Thou shalt grow. ... Norton is an independent city within the confines of Wise County in the state of Virginia. ... Nickname: Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Founded December 17, 1748 Government  - Mayor Annie M. Mickens Area  - City  23. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Founded 1631 Government  - Mayor Gordon Heisel, Jr. ... Map Political Statistics Founded 1752 County Independent city Mayor Dr. James W. Holley III Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 120. ... Radford is an independent city located in Virginia. ... Nickname: Motto: Sic dic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (I) Area  - City 62. ... Salem is an independent city located in Virginia, bordered by the city of Roanoke and Roanoke County. ... West Beverley Street in downtown Staunton Staunton (IPA: or STAN-tehn or STANT-en) is an independent city within the confines of Augusta County in the commonwealth of Virginia. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Founded 1742 Government  - Mayor Linda T. Johnson Area  - City  429. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Downtown Waynesboro showing Main Street, as well as the scar on the mountain prior to being seeded. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State Founded 1802 Government  - Mayor Elizabeth Minor Area  - City  9. ...
Towns	Abingdon | Blacksburg | Bluefield | Christiansburg | Culpeper | Front Royal | Herndon | Leesburg | Marion | Pulaski | Richlands | Warrenton | Wise | Wytheville | Vienna This is a complete list of towns in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. ... Motto: Honor Pro Antiquis, Fides Pro Futuris Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States State Virginia County Washington Founded 1776 Government  - Mayor Lois Humphreys Area  - City  8. ... Blacksburgs location within Virgina Virginias location within the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Montgomery Founded 1798 Government  - Mayor Ron Rordam Area  - Town  19. ... Nickname: Virginia’s Tallest Town Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Tazewell Government  - Mayor James Jones Area  - City  7. ... Motto: Progressive Small Town Living at its Best Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Montgomery Incorporated November 10, 1792 Mayor Richard Ballengee Area    - City 36. ... Culpeper is an incorporated town in Culpeper County, Virginia, United States. ... Front Royal is a town in Warren County, Virginia, United States. ... Coordinates: , State Virginia County Fairfax County, Virginia Settled 1858 Area  - City 4. ... Leesburg is a historic town and is the county seat of Loudoun County, Virginia, United States of America. ... Marion is a town in Smyth County, Virginia, United States. ... Pulaski is a town located in Pulaski County, Virginia. ... Richlands is a town located in Tazewell County, Virginia. ... Street scene, Warrenton, Virginia, ca. ... Wise is a town located in Wise County, Virginia. ... Wytheville is a town located in Wythe County, Virginia. ... Vienna is a town in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. ...