Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Laird Borden

8th Prime Minister of Canada
Term of Office:	October 10, 1911 – July 10, 1920
Predecessor:	Wilfrid Laurier
Successor:	Arthur Meighen
Date of Birth:	June 26, 1854
Place of Birth:	Grand Pre, Nova Scotia
Spouse:	Laura Bond
Profession:	lawyer
Political Party:	Conservative, Unionist
Religion:	Anglican

The Right Honourable Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC , KC , GCMG , DCL , LL.D (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911, to July 10, 1920, and the third Nova Scotian to hold this office. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), the head of the Government of Canada, is usually the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Canadian House of Commons. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in Leap years). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... Laurier re-directs here. ... The Right Honourable Arthur Meighen, PC , QC , BA , LL.D (June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was the ninth Prime Minister of Canada from July 10, 1920, to December 29, 1921, and June 29 to September 25, 1926. ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Grand-Pré is an unincorporated community located in Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada. ... Marriage is a relationship that plays a key role in the definition of many families. ... Laura Bond Borden (1863-1940) was the wife of Sir Robert Laird Borden, the eighth Prime Minister of Canada. ... A profession is an occupation that requires extensive training and the study and mastery of specialized knowledge, and usually has a professional association, ethical code and process of certification or licensing. ... A lawyer is a person licensed by the state to advise clients in legal matters and represent them in courts of law and in other forms of dispute resolution. ... A political party is a political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power within a government. ... The name Conservative Party of Canada has been used twice in Canadian history. ... The Unionist Party was formed in 1917 by Members of Parliament (MPs) in Canada who supported the Union government formed by Sir Robert Borden during World War I. In May 1917, Conservative Prime Minister Borden proposed the formation of a national unity government or coalition government to Liberal leader Sir... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... The Right Honourable (abbreviated The Rt Hon. ... The Privy Council Office as it apeared in the 1880s The Queens Privy Council for Canada is the ceremonial council of advisors to the Queen of Canada, whose members are appointed by the Governor General of Canada for life on the advice of the Prime Minister. ... Queens Counsel (postnominal QC), during the reign of a male Sovereign known as Kings Counsel (KC), are barristers or, in Scotland, advocates appointed by Letters patent to be one of Her Majestys Counsel learned in the law. They do not constitute a separate order or degree of... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... Some universities, such as the University of Oxford, award Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) degrees instead of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degrees. ... Legum Doctor (English: Doctor of Laws; abbreviated to LL.D.) In the UK, Australia and New Zealand, the LL.D. is a higher doctorate usually awarded on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications, containing significant and original contributions to the science or study of law. ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), the head of the Government of Canada, is usually the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Canadian House of Commons. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in Leap years). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...

Early life and career

He was born and educated in Grand Pre, Nova Scotia, an agricultural community at the northern end of the Annapolis Valley where his great-grandfather Perry Borden, Sr. of Tiverton, Rhode Island had taken up Acadian land in 1760. Perry had accompanied his father, Samuel Borden, the chief surveyor chosen by the government of Massachusetts to survey the former Acadian land and draw up new lots for the Planters in Nova Scotia. His father Andrew Borden was judged by his son to be "a man of good ability and excellent judgement", of a "calm, contemplative and philosophical" turn of mind, but "He lacked energy and had no great aptitude for affairs". His mother Eunice Jane Laird was more driven, possessing "very strong character, remarkable energy, high ambition and unusual ability". Her ambition was transmitted to her first-born child who applied himself to his studies while assisting his parents with the farm work he found so disagreeable. Grand-Pré is an unincorporated community located in Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada. ... Annapolis Valley is an area of Nova Scotia located along the shore of the Bay of Fundy, northwest of Halifax and northeast of Yarmouth. ... Tiverton is a town located in Newport County, Rhode Island. ...

From 1869 to 1874, he worked as a teacher in Grand Pré and Matawan, New Jersey. Seeing no future in teaching, he returned to Nova Scotia in 1874 to article for four years at a Halifax law firm (without a formal university education) and was called to the Nova Scotia Bar in August 1878, placing first in the bar examinations. Borden went to Kentville, Nova Scotia as the junior partner of the Conservative lawyer John P. Chipman. In 1882 he was asked by Wallace Graham to move to Halifax and join the Conservative law firm headed by Graham and Charles Hibbert Tupper. Borden became the senior partner in fall 1889 when he was only 35 following the departure of Graham and Tupper for the bench and politics. His financial future guaranteed, on September 25, 1889, he married Laura Bond (1863-1940), the daughter of a Halifax hardware merchant. They would have no children. In 1894 he bought a large property and home on the south side of Quinpool Road which the couple called "Pinehurst". In 1893 Borden successfully argued the first of two cases which he took to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. He represented many of the important Halifax businesses and sat on the boards of Nova Scotian companies including the Bank of Nova Scotia and the Crown Life Insurance Company. President of the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society in 1896, he took the initiative in organizing the founding meetings of the Canadian Bar Association in 1896 in Montreal. By the time he was prevailed upon to enter politics, Borden had what some judged to be the largest legal practice in the Maritime Provinces, and had become a wealthy man. 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Matawan is a borough located in Monmouth County, New Jersey. ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Please read first: This article is about the Nova Scotia community. ... 1878 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Kentville (2001 population 5,610) is the largest town in Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada. ... Sir Charles Hibbert Tupper (August 3, 1855 – March 30, 1927) was a Canadian politician. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years). ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Laura Bond Borden (1863-1940) was the wife of Sir Robert Laird Borden, the eighth Prime Minister of Canada. ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one of the highest courts in the United Kingdom. ... Founded in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1832, the Bank launched its branch banking system by opening in Windsor, Nova Scotia. ... The Canadian Bar Association is the Canadian voluntary bar association organization formed in 1896 representing the interests of 38,000 lawyers, judges, notaries, law teachers, and law students from across Canada involved in the legal system. ...

Political career 1896-1920

He was elected as a Member of Parliament for Halifax in the 1896 federal election, the same election in which Laurier became PM. Borden became leader of the Conservative opposition in 1901. He slowly rebuilt the party, which had lost power and influence after the defeat of Sir Charles Tupper in 1896. In the 1911 election, he swept to power, campaigning against Sir Wilfrid Laurier's plan for free trade in natural products with the United States. Borden and the Conservatives argued in favour of Imperial preference which would use tariffs to diminish imports from outside the British Empire. The Paliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) is Canadas legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1896 election The Canadian federal election of 1896 was held on July 11, 1896 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The name Conservative Party of Canada has been used twice in Canadian history. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Right Honourable Sir Charles Tupper PC , GCMG , CB , DCL , LL.D , MD (July 2, 1821 – October 30, 1915) was the sixth Prime Minister of Canada and, as of 2005, the one with the shortest term of office. ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Canadian parliament after the 1911 election The Canadian federal election of 1911 was held to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Laurier re-directs here. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... A tariff is a tax on imported goods. ... The British Empire was the worlds first global power and the largest empire in history. ...

As Prime Minister of Canada during the First World War, Borden transformed his government to a wartime administration, passing the War Measures Act in 1914. Borden committed Canada to provide half a million soldiers for the war effort. However, volunteers had quickly dried up when Canadians realized there would be no quick end to the war. Borden's determination to meet that huge commitment led to the Military Service Act and the Conscription Crisis of 1917, which split the country on linguistic lines. The unpopular conscription issue would likely have meant defeat in the election of 1917, but Borden recruited members of the Liberals (with the notable exception of Wilfrid Laurier) to create a Unionist government. The 1917 election saw the "Government" candidates (including a number of Liberal-Unionists) crush the Opposition "Laurier Liberals" in English Canada resulting in a large parliamentary majority for Borden. The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), the head of the Government of Canada, is usually the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Canadian House of Commons. ... Clockwise from top: Trenches in frontline, a British Mark I Tank crossing a trench, the Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the battle of the Dardanelles, a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks and a Sopwith Camel biplane. ... The War Measures Act (enacted in August 1914) was a Canadian statute that allowed the government to assume sweeping emergency powers. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Conscription Crisis of 1917 was a political and military crisis in Canada during World War I. // Background At the outbreak of war in 1914, over 30 000 volunteers joined the army, far more than expected. ... The Canadian parliament after the 1917 election The 1917 Canadian federal election (sometimes referred to as the khaki election) was held on December 17, 1917, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: Parti libéral du Canada) is Canadas current governing political party. ... The Unionist Party was formed in 1917 by Members of Parliament (MPs) in Canada who supported the Union government formed by Sir Robert Borden during World War I. In May 1917, Conservative Prime Minister Borden proposed the formation of a national unity government or coalition government to Liberal leader Sir... This article is part of or related to the Liberalism series Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | UK political parties | Historical liberal parties ... Prior to the 1917 federal election in Canada, the Liberal Party of Canada split into two factions: the Laurier Liberals, who opposed conscription of soldiers to support Canadas involvement in World War I and who were led by former Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier; and the Liberal Unionists who... English Canada is a term used to describe either: the English-speaking residents of Canada or the Canadian provinces which are majority anglophone, i. ...

The war effort also enabled Canada to assert itself as an independent power. Borden wanted to create a single Canadian army, rather than have Canadian soldiers split up and assigned to British divisions. Sam Hughes, the Minister of Militia, assured that Canadians were well-trained and prepared to fight in their own divisions, and Arthur Currie provided sensible leadership for the Canadian divisions in Europe, although they were still under overall British command. Nevertheless Canadian troops proved themselves to be among the best in the world, fighting at the Somme, Ypres, Passchendaele, and especially at the Battle of Vimy Ridge. The Honourable Sir Samuel Hughes, PC (January 8, 1853 – August 23, 1921) was the Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence during World War I. Sam Hughes Samuel Hughes was born January 8, 1853, at Solina near Bowmanville in what was then Canada West. ... General Sir Arthur William Currie, KCMG , CB (December 5, 1875 - November 30, 1933) was the first Canadian commander of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (a corps of four divisions) on the Western Front during World War I and one of the most successful Allied generals of the war and in Canadian... Combatants United Kingdom, France, Canada, India, Newfoundland, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia Germany Commanders Douglas Haig Ferdinand Foch Max von Gallwitz Fritz von Below Strength 13 British & 6 French divisions (initial) 51 British divisions (final) 10. ... The Bellfry of Ypres Ypres (French, generally used in English;1 Ieper official name in the local Dutch) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of West Flanders. ... Passchendaele village, before and after the Battle of Passchendaele The 1917 Battle of Passchendaele, otherwise known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was one of the major battles of World War I, fought by British, ANZAC, and Canadian soldiers against the German army near Ypres (Ieper in Flemish) in West... The Battle of Vimy Ridge was one of the opening battles in a larger British campaign of the First World War known as the Battle of Arras. ...

In world affairs, Borden played a crucial role in transforming the British Empire into a partnership of equal states, the Commonwealth of Nations, a term that was first discussed at an Imperial Conference in London during the war. Borden also introduced the first Canadian income tax, which at the time was meant to be temporary, but was never repealed. The British Empire was the worlds first global power and the largest empire in history. ... The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as The Commonwealth, is an association of independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former territories of the British Empire. ... Imperial Conferences were gatherings of British Empire government leaders in London in 1887, 1897, 1902, 1907, 1911, 1921, 1923, 1926, 1930 and 1937. ... Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the most populous city in the European Union, with an estimated population on 1 January 2005 of 7. ... The examples and perspective in this article do not represent a worldwide view. ...

Convinced that Canada had become a nation on the battlefields of Europe, Borden demanded that it have a separate seat at the Paris Peace Conference. This was initially opposed not only by Britain but also by the United States, who perceived such a delegation as an extra British vote. Borden responded by pointing out that since Canada had lost more men than the U.S. in the war, she at least had the right to the representation of a "minor" power. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George eventually relented, and convinced the reluctant Americans to accept the presence of separate Canadian, Australian, New Zealand and South African delegations. Not only did Borden's persistence allow him to represent Canada in Paris as a nation, it also ensured that each of the dominions could sign the Treaty of Versailles in its own right, and receive a separate membership in the League of Nations. The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, negotiated the treaties ending World War I. The Paris Peace Conference, 1946, negotiated the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947, with Germanys [[World War II allies and co-belligerents in Europe. ... The Right Honourable David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, OM, PC (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British statesman and the last Liberal to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... A Dominion is a wholly self-governing or virtually self-governing state of the British Empire or British Commonwealth, particularly one which reached that stage of constitutional development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries such as Canada and New Zealand. ... The areas marked in yellow were removed from the control of Germany, or demiliterised (The Rhineland). ... The League of Nations was an international organization founded after the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. ...

At Borden's insistence, the treaty was ratified by the Canadian Parliament. Borden would be the last prime minister to be knighted after the House of Commons indicated its desire for the discontinuation of the granting of any future titles to Canadians in 1919 with the adoption of the Nickle Resolution. The Paliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) is Canadas legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. ... A statue of an armoured knight of the Middle Ages For the chess piece, see knight (chess). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

That same year, Borden approved the use of troops to put down the Winnipeg General Strike. It should also be remembered that between 1914 and 1917, in response to xenophobia aimed at citizens of the Austro-Hungarian empire arising out of the First World War, 8,579 [1]Eastern Europeans were interned. This number included about 5,000 Ukrainian-Canadians, some of whom were born in Canada. A further 80,000 were registered, thereby losing basic civil rights. They were stripped of the right to vote in 1917. Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the Winnipeg General Strike, June 21, 1919 The Winnipeg General Strike was Canadas most influential labour protest. ... Official languages Latin, German, Hungarian Established church Roman Catholic Capital & Largest City Vienna pop. ... Clockwise from top: Trenches in frontline, a British Mark I Tank crossing a trench, the Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the battle of the Dardanelles, a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks and a Sopwith Camel biplane. ...

Borden's government also nationalised the Canadian Northern Railway and Grand Trunk Railway to create what would become the Canadian National Railways. Nationalization is the act of taking assets into state ownership. ... The Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) is a historic Canadian railway. ... Grand Trunk Railway logo or herald The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) was a historic railway system headquartered in Montreal, Quebec which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. ... Canadian National Railways logo or herald (used pre-1960) Network Map of Canadian National Railway The Canadian National Railway (CN; AAR reporting marks CN, CNA, CNIS), known as Canadian National Railways (CNR) between 1918 and 1960, and Canadian National/Canadien National (CN) from 1960 to present, is a Canadian Class...

Sir Robert Borden retired from office in 1920. He was the Chancellor of Queen's University from 1924 to 1930, and stood as president of two financial institutions. Borden died in Ottawa on June 10, 1937. He is buried in the Beechwood Cemetery, Ottawa, Ontario. 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... Queens University, or simply Queens, is a coeducational, nonsectarian university located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, on the edge of Lake Ontario. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ...

Borden was the last Canadian Prime Minister to be born before Confederation. We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ...

Sir Robert Borden is depicted on the Canadian $100 bill. The Canadian dollar, CAD or C$, is the unit of currency of Canada. ...

Supreme Court appointments

Borden appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of Canada: The Supreme Court Building in Ottawa The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprême du Canada) is Canadas highest court and is located in the capital city of Ottawa. ...

• Sir Louis Henry Davies (Chief Justice) - (appointed a Puisne Justice by Wilfrid Laurier in 1901)
• Pierre-Basile Mignault

The Right Honourable Sir Louis Henry Davies, PC , KCMG (May 4, 1845 – May 1, 1924) was a Prince Edward Island (PEI) lawyer, businessman and politician. ... In many countries, especially common law countries such as Canada and the United States the Chief Justice is the name for the presiding officer on a senior court such as the United States Supreme Court, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the Supreme Court of... Associate Justice or Puisne (pronounced puny) Justice is the title for a member of a judicial panel who is not the Chief Justice. ... Laurier re-directs here. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Honourable Pierre-Basile Mignault (September 30, 1854 – October 15, 1945) was a Canadian lawyer and Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. ...

Bibliography

• Borden, Robert. Robert Laird Borden : his memoirs / edited and with an introduction by Henry Borden. Toronto : Macmillan, 1938. 2 volumes.
• Brown, Robert Craig. Robert Laird Borden : a biography. Toronto : Macmillan of Canada, 1975-1980. v. 1, 1854-1914 ISBN 0770513174. v. 2, 1914-1937 ISBN 0770518540. A brilliant biography with many photographs interspersed.
• English, John. The decline of politics : the Conservatives and the party system 1901-20. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1977. ISBN 0802053866. Reprinted 1993 ISBN 0802069568.
• English, John. Borden : his life and world. Toronto : McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1977. ISBN 0070823030. Excellent illustrations.

External links

• Borden monument at Grand Pré with maps and genealogy of Borden family
• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Political Biography from the Library of Parliament

Laurier re-directs here. ... The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), the head of the Government of Canada, is usually the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Right Honourable Arthur Meighen, PC , QC , BA , LL.D (June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was the ninth Prime Minister of Canada from July 10, 1920, to December 29, 1921, and June 29 to September 25, 1926. ... The Right Honourable Sir Charles Tupper PC , GCMG , CB , DCL , LL.D , MD (July 2, 1821 – October 30, 1915) was the sixth Prime Minister of Canada and, as of 2005, the one with the shortest term of office. ... The name Conservative Party of Canada has been used twice in Canadian history. ... The Right Honourable Arthur Meighen, PC , QC , BA , LL.D (June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was the ninth Prime Minister of Canada from July 10, 1920, to December 29, 1921, and June 29 to September 25, 1926. ... Hon. ... Canadas Secretary of State for External Affairs was, from 1909 to 1993, the member of the Cabinet of Canada responsible for overseeing the federal governments international relations and the former Department of External Affairs. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... The Right Honourable Arthur Meighen, PC , QC , BA , LL.D (June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was the ninth Prime Minister of Canada from July 10, 1920, to December 29, 1921, and June 29 to September 25, 1926. ...

Prime Ministers of Canada
Macdonald | Mackenzie | Abbott | Thompson | Bowell | Tupper | Laurier | Borden | Meighen | King | Bennett | St. Laurent | Diefenbaker | Pearson | Trudeau | Clark | Turner | Mulroney | Campbell | Chrétien | Martin