Roger I (1031 – June 22, 1101), Norman ruler of Sicily, was the youngest son of Tancred of Hauteville. He arrived in Southern Italy soon after 1055. Events Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba. ... June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... Events A second wave of crusaders arrives in the newly established Kingdom of Jerusalem, after being heavily defeated by Kilij Arslan I at Heraclia. ... The Normans (adapted from the name Northmen or Norsemen) were a mixture of the indigenous people of France and the Viking invaders under the leadership of Hrolf Ganger, who adopted the French name Rollo and swore allegiance to the king of France (Charles the Simple). ... Sicilian disambiguates here; see also Sicilian language or Sicilian Defence. ... Tancred of Hauteville (Hauteville-la-Guichard) was a norman noble, about whom little is known  ; his historical importance comes entirely from the accomplishments of his sons and later descendants. ... Events January 11 - Theodora becomes Reigning Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire. ...

Malaterra, who compares Robert Guiscard and his brother to "Joseph and Benjamin of old," says of Roger: "He was a youth of the greatest beauty, of lofty stature, of graceful shape, most eloquent in speech and cool in counsel. He was far-seeing in arranging all his actions, pleasant and merry all with men; strong and brave, and furious in battle." He shared with Robert Guiscard the conquest of Calabria, and in a treaty of 1062 the brothers in dividing the conquest apparently made a kind of "condominium" by which either was to have half of every castle and town in Calabria. Goffredo (Geoffrey) Malaterra was an eleventh century Benedictine monk and chronicler. ... Robert Guiscard (i. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Benjamin (Hebrew: בִּנְיָמִין; Standard Hebrew: Binyamin; Tiberian Hebrew Binyāmîn) is a Hebrew Bible figure. ... Calabria, formerly Brutium, is a region in southern Italy which occupies the toe of the Italian peninsula south of Naples. ... Events Founding of Marrakech The Almoravids overrun Morocco and establish a kingdom from Spain to Senegal. ...

Robert now resolved to employ Roger's genius in reducing Sicily, which contained, besides the Muslims, numerous Greek Christians subject to Arab princes who had become all but independent of the sultan of Tunis. In May 1061 the brothers crossed from Reggio and captured Messina. After Palermo had been taken in January 1072 Robert Guiscard, as suzerain, invested Roger as count of Sicily, but retained Palermo, half of Messina and the north-east portion (the Val Demone). Not till 1085, however, was Roger able to undertake a systematic crusade. A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Events Normans conquer Messina in Sicily Pope Alexander II elected The building of the Speyer Cathedral in Speyer, Germany, had begun to be built. ... Reggio is the name of two Italian towns: Reggio Emilia, in the North, sometimes called Reggio nell Emilia or, in ancient times, Reggio di Lombardia or Reggio di Modena Reggio Calabria, in the South (also called Reggio di Calabria) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other... Messina, Italy Strait of Messina, Italy. ... Nickname: Palermu Motto: Official website: http://www. ... Events William I of England invades Scotland, and also receives the submission of Hereward the Wake. ... Events May 25 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo, Spain back from the Moors. ...

In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded the conquest was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly the latter supported Duke Roger, his nephew, against Bohemund, Capua and his rebels, and the real leadership of the Hautevilles passed to the Sicilian count. In return for his aid against Bohemund and his rebels the duke surrendered to his uncle in 1085 his share in the castles of Calabria, and in 1091 the half of Palermo. Roger's rule in Sicily was more real than Robert Guiscard's in Italy. At the enfeoffments of 1072 and 1092 no great undivided fiefs were created, and the mixed Norman, French and Italian vassals owed their benefices to the count. No feudal revolt of importance therefore troubled Roger. Politically supreme, the count became master of the insular Church. While he gave full toleration to the Greek Churches, he created new Latin bishoprics at Syracuse and Girgenti and elsewhere, nominating the bishops personally, while he turned the archbishopric of Palermo into a Catholic see. Events Domesday Book is completed in England Emperor Shirakawa of Japan starts his cloistered rule Imam Ali Mosque is rebuilt by the Seljuk Malik Shah I after being destroyed by fire. ... Map of central Mediterranean Sea, showing location of Syracuse on the island of Sicily. ... Events Henry, son of William I attempted a coup against his brothers but failed to seize the English throne. ... Noto, a city of Sicily, in the province of Syracuse, and 20 miles southwest of it, 520 feet above sea-level. ... Bohemund I of Antioch (c. ... Events May 9 - Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated. ... Map of central Mediterranean Sea, showing location of Syracuse on the island of Sicily. ...

The Papacy, favouring a prince who had recovered Sicily from Greeks and Muslims, granted to him and his heirs in 1098 the Apostolic Legateship in the island. Roger practised general toleration to Arabs and Greeks, allowing to each race the expansion of its own civilization. In the cities the Muslims, who had generally secured such terms of surrender, retained their mosques, their kadis, and freedom of trade; in the country, however, they became serfs. He drew from the Muslims the mass of his infantry, and Saint Anselm visiting him at the siege of Capua, 1098, found "the brown tents of the Arabs innumerable." Nevertheless the Latin element began to prevail with the Lombards and other Italians who flocked into the island in the wake of the conquest, and the conquest of Sicily was decisive in the steady decline from this time of Mahommedan power in the western Mediterranean. Events First Crusade: end of the siege of Antioch. ... From the ancient Latin Nuntius, meaning any envoy. ... Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033 or 1034 – April 21, 1109), a widely influential medieval philosopher and theologian, held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109. ...

Roger, the "Great Count of Sicily," died on June 22, 1101 in his seventieth year and was buried in S. Trinità of Mileto. June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... Events A second wave of crusaders arrives in the newly established Kingdom of Jerusalem, after being heavily defeated by Kilij Arslan I at Heraclia. ...

Family

Roger married three times. The first marriage took place in 1061, to Judith, daughter of William, count of Évreux (in Normandy) and Hawisa of Échauffour. She died in 1076, leaving daughters: Events All year - People fucked each other ALOT! February 14 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ...

1. A daughter, married Hugues of Gircea
2. Matilda, married Raymond IV of Toulouse
3. Adelisa, married Henry, Count of Monte San Angelo
4. Emma, briefly engaged to King Philip I of France; married Ralph Maccabees, count of Montecaglioso

In 1077 Roger married a second time, to Eremburge of Mortain, daughter of William, count of Mortain (also in Normandy). Their daughters were: Raymond IV of Toulouse (c. ... Philip I (French: Philippe Ier) (May 23, 1052 – July 29, 1108) was King of France. ... Events January 26 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea Süleyman I of Rüm becomes the leader of the Sultanate of...

1. Mathilda, married Robert, Count of Eu
2. Felicia, married King Coloman of Hungary

Roger's last wife was Adelaide del Vasto, niece of Boniface, lord of Savona. They married in 1087. Their children were: Coloman (Hungarian: Könyves Kálmán, Slovak and Croatian: Koloman) (1070 – February 3, 1116) was King of Hungary from 1095 to 1116. ... Adelaide del Vasto (c. ... Events May 9 - The remains of Saint Nicholas were brought to Bari. ...

1. Simon (died September 28, 1105)
2. Roger
3. Maximilla, married Conrad, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV
4. Matilda, married Ranulf, count of Alife

Simon of Hauteville, called Simon de Hauteville in French and Simone Daltavilla in Italian, was the eldest son and successor of Roger the Great Count, count of Sicily, and Adelaide del Vasto, under whose regency he reigned. ... September 28 is the 271st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (272nd in leap years). ... Events Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor deposed by his son, Henry V Tamna kingdom annexed by Korean Goryeo Dynasty. ... Roger II, from Liber ad honorem Augusti of Petrus de Ebulo, 1196. ... HEINRIC·IMP[ERATOR], Emperor Henry Henry IV (November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ...

Trivia

• From the perspective of the history of Malta, Roger I was also the first Christian overlord of this archipelago since the ninth century (when Malta was part of the Byzantine Empire). He conquered the Arabs in 1090 and immediately introduced a tri-partite feudal system of State, Church and Nobility. There probably was more to it - even until today, folklore tells how Roger - needing the help of the Maltese - tore his quartered red-and-white banner, thus creating the Maltese flag. Historians state that this premise is impossible.

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a publication in the public domain. The 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) is the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Sources

• Geoffrey Malaterra