Ronald Ross

Sir Ronald Ross (May 13, 1857 – September 16, 1932) was a Scottish physician. He was born in Nepal as the son of General Sir C.C.G. Ross of the British army. From [1] (May be PD by age as well, but I cant tell on casual inspection. ... From [1] (May be PD by age as well, but I cant tell on casual inspection. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ...

Prior to joining Indian Medical Service in 1881, Sir Ross completed his study of medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London in 1875. He studied malaria between 1881-99. He worked on malaria in Calcutta at the Presidency General Hospital. In 1897 in Secunderabad, he discovered the presence of the malarial parasite within the Anopheles mosquito. Using birds that were sick with malaria, he was soon able to ascertain the entire life cycle of the malarial parasite, including its presence in the mosquito's salivary glands. He demonstrated that malaria is transmitted from infected birds to healthy ones by the bite of a mosquito, a finding that suggested the disease's mode of transmission to humans. In 1902 Sir Ross was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his remarkable work on Malaria. The main entrance at Barts, which was built in 1702. ... This article is about the British city. ... Red blood cell infected with Malaria, derived from male aria (Italian for bad air) and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350-500 million infections with humans and approximately 1. ... Red blood cell infected with Malaria, derived from male aria (Italian for bad air) and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350-500 million infections with humans and approximately 1. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... Secunderabad is the twin city of Hyderabad, India, and is separated by the man made lake, Husain Sagar, from the capital of Andhra Pradesh. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Red blood cell infected with Malaria, derived from male aria (Italian for bad air) and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350-500 million infections with humans and approximately 1. ...

In 1899 Sir Ross went back to Britain and joined Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine as a professor of tropical medicine. In 1901 Ross was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and also a Fellow of the Royal Society, of which he became Vice-President from 1911 to 1913. In 1902 he was appointed a Companion of the Most Honourable Order of Bath by King Edward VII. In 1911 he was elevated to the rank of Knight Commander of the same Order. The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine was founded on 12 November 1898, by a donation from Sir Alfred Lewis Jones, a Liverpool Shipowner. ... Tropical medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with health problems that either occur uniquely in tropical and subtropical regions or are either more widespread in the tropics or more difficult to prevent or control. ... The Royal College of Surgeons of England is an independent professional body committed to promoting and advancing the highest standards of surgical care for patients. ... The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Edward VII King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India His Majesty King Edward VII (9 November 1841–6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King of the Commonwealth realms, and the Emperor of India. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

During his active career Sir Ross arrogated the task of prevention of Malaria in different countries. He carried out surveys and initiated schemes in many places, including West Africa, the Suez Canal zone, Greece, Mauritius, Cyprus, and in the areas affected by the First World War. He also initiated organizations, which have proved to be well established, for the prevention of malaria within the planting industries of India and Ceylon. He made many contributions to the epidemiology of malaria and to methods of its survey and assessment, but perhaps his greatest was the development of mathematical models for the study of its epidemiology, initiated in his report on Mauritius in 1908, elaborated in his Prevention of Malaria in 1911 and further elaborated in a more generalized form in scientific papers published by the Royal Society in 1915 and 1916. These papers represented a profound mathematical interest which was not confined to epidemiology, but led him to make material contributions to both pure and applied mathematics. Red blood cell infected with Malaria, derived from male aria (Italian for bad air) and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350-500 million infections with humans and approximately 1. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... 1881 drawing of the Suez Canal. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Epidemiologic studies are generally categorized as descriptive, analytic (aiming to examine associations, commonly hypothesized causal relationships), and experimental (a term often equated with clinical or community trials of treatments and other interventions). ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Through these works Sir Ross continued his great contribution in the form of the discovery of the transmission of malaria by the mosquito, but he also found time and mental energy for many other pursuits, being poet, playwright, writer and painter. Particularly, his poetic works gained him wide acclamation which was independent of his medical and mathematical standing.

Sir Ross received many honours in addition to the Nobel Prize, and was given Honorary Membership of learned societies of most countries of Europe, and of many other continents. He got an honorary M.D. degree in Stockholm in 1910 at the centenary celebration of the Caroline Institute. Whilst his vivacity and single-minded search for truth caused friction with some people, he enjoyed a vast circle of friends in Europe, Asia and the United States who respected him for his personality as well as for his genius. The Old town in Stockholm from the air is the capital of Sweden, located on the south east coast of Sweden. ... The Karolinska Institute or Karolinska institutet is a medical university in Stockholm, Sweden. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

Sir Ross married Rosa Bessie Bloxam in 1889. They had two sons, Ronald and Charles, and two daughters, Dorothy and Sylvia. His wife died in 1931. Sir Ross survived her until a year later, when he died after a long illness, at the Ross Institute, London, on 16 September 1932. 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ...

In India Sir Ronald Ross is remembered with great respect. Because of his relentless work on Malaria, the deadly epidemic which used to claim thousands of lives every year could be successfully controlled. There are roads named after him in many Indian towns and cities. In Calcutta the road linking Presidency General Hospital with Kidderpore Road has been renamed after him as Sir Ronald Ross Sarani. Earlier this road was known as Hospital Road. This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ...

See also

• Paul de Kruif.

Paul de Kruif, or Paul Henry De Kruif ( 1890 - 1971 ) was an American microbiologist and author. ...

Reference

• The Calcutta Chromosome by Amitav Ghosh

Amitav Ghosh (born 1956 in Calcutta), is an Indian author, known for his work in the English language. ...

External links

• History
• History
• Royal Society citation (1901)
• Nobel prize page
• Ross and the Discovery that Mosquitoes Transmit Malaria Parasites
• Ross's three part paper on the theory of epidemics is available on the web
  • Ronald Ross, "An Application of the Theory of Probabilities to the Study of a priori Pathometry. Part I", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Vol. 92 (1916)pp. 204-230.
  • Ronald Ross; Hilda P. Hudson, "An Application of the Theory of Probabilities to the Study of a priori Pathometry. Part II", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Vol. 93 (1917)pp. 212-225.
  • Ronald Ross; Hilda P. Hudson, "An Application of the Theory of Probabilities to the Study of a priori Pathometry. Part III", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Vol. 93 (1917)pp. 225-240.