Part of a series of articles on Islam For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ...     History of Islam For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Mosque02. ... The History of Islam involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion and as a social institution. ...

Beliefs and practices

Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Charity • Pilgrimage Aqidah. ... TawÄ«d (also Tawheed,Tauheed and other spellings; Arabic: ‎ ; Turkish: Tevhid) is the Islamic concept of monotheism In Islam, TawhÄ«d means to assert the unity of God. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The shahadah (Arabic:   translit: ) (Turkish: Åžehadet) is the Islamic creed. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ... // This article is about the Islamic tradition. ...

Major figures

Muhammad Household of Muhammad Companions of Muhammad Prophets of Islam This page is a list of Muslims in various professions and fields. ... Muhammad (Arabic ; also Mohammed, Mohamet, and other variants[1] [2] [3]), 570-632 C.E.,[4] [5] was an Arab religious and political leader who established Islam and the Muslim community (Ummah, Arabic: أمة) to whom he preached. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Prophets of Islam are human beings who are regarded by Muslims to be prophets. ...

Texts & Laws

Qur'an • Sunnah • Hadith Fiqh • Sharia • Theology // Quran Text Surahs Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir ibn Kathir (by Ibn Kathir) Tafsir al-Tabari (by Tabari) Al Kordobi Tafseer-e-kabir (by Imam Razi) Tafheem-al-Quran (by Maulana Maududi) Sunnah/Hadith Hadith (Traditions of The Prophet) The Siha-e-Sitta al-Bukhari (d. ... The Qurān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran (the traditional term in English), and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ... Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the religious sciences of Islam. ...

Major branches

Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam, also Shiite Islam, or Shiism (Arabic:شيعة, Persian:شیعه translit: ) is a denomination of the Islamic faith. ... Sufism is a mystic tradition of Islam encompassing a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to Allah/God, divine love and sometimes to help a fellow man. ...

Societal aspects

Academics • History Philosophy • Science Art • Architecture • Cities Calendar • Holidays • Women Leaders • Politics • Islamism Muslim culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples. ... Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Islamic philosophy (الفلسفة الإسلامية) is a part of the Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ... This is a subarticle to Islamic studies and science. ... Islamic art is the art of Islamic people, cultures, and countries. ... The Taj Mahal in Agra, built by Shah Jehan as a mausoleum for his wife, represents the pinnacle of Mughal Islamic architecture in India and is one of the most recognisable buildings in the world. ... // This is a list of cities that various groups regard as holy. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری Gāhshomāri-ye Hejri; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic... Friday is an important day in the life of a Muslim and it is believed that any devotional acts done on this day gain a higher reward. ... Islam considers men and women to be equal by nature. ... Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been persons who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... This article is about political Islamism. ...

See also

Vocabulary of Islam The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ... This box: view • talk • edit

In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (Arabic: الصحابة‎ ​ "companions") were the companions of Muhammad. This form is plural; the singular is Ṣaḥābi (fem. Sahabiyyah). A list of the best-known companions can be found at List of companions of Muhammad. Imam (Arabic: إمام ,Persian: امام ) is an Arabic word meaning leader. ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Muhammad (Arabic ; also Mohammed, Mohamet, and other variants[1] [2] [3]), 570-632 C.E.,[4] [5] was an Arab religious and political leader who established Islam and the Muslim community (Ummah, Arabic: أمة) to whom he preached. ... This article is on the group of early Muslims. ...

Definitions of companion

Most Muslims regard anyone who knew or saw Muhammad, believed in his teachings, and died as a Muslim to be a companion or Ṣahābi. Lists of prominent companions usually run to fifty or sixty names, being the people most closely associated with Muhammad. However, there were clearly many others who had some contact with Muhammad. Many of them were identified by later scholars, and their names and biographies were recorded in religious reference texts such as Muhammad ibn Sa'd's early Kitāb at-Tabāqat al-Kabīr.

It was important to identify the companions because later scholars accepted their testimony (the hadith, or traditions) as to the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Qur'an was revealed, and various important matters of Islamic history and practice (sunnah). The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through chains of trusted narrators (isnads), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The isnad (Arabic اسناد or in Quranic era Arabic اسند) are the citations or backings that establish the legitimacy of the hadith, which are the sayings of Muhammad, Prophet of Islam. ...

Other links in the chain of isnad

Because the hadith were not written down until many years after the death of Muhammad, the isnads, or chains of transmission, always have several links. The first link is preferably a companion, who had direct contact with Muhammad. The companion then related the tradition to a taba'een, the companion of the companion. Taba'een had no direct contact with Muhammad, but did have direct contact with the Ṣahāba. The tradition then would have been passed from the taba'een to the taba taba'een, the third link. The Tabaeen (or Followers) are the generation of Muslims that came after the Sahaba. ... In Islam, the generation after the tabaeen is known as the taba tabeeen. ...

The second and third links in the chain of transmission were also of great interest to Muslim scholars, who treated of them in biographical dictionaries and evaluated them for bias and reliability. Again, Shi'a and Sunni apply different metrics.

Views of the companions

Soon after Muhammad's death the Muslim community, the ummah, was riven by conflicts over leadership. Companions took sides in the conflicts – or were forced to take sides – and later scholars considered their allegiances in weighing their testimony. The two largest Muslim denominations, the Shia and Sunni take very different approaches in weighing the value of the companions' testimony. Umma (Arabic: ‎) is an Arabic word meaning community or nation. ... Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ...

"May God be pleased with him" (Arabic: Radhi-Allah-hu 'anhu رضي الله عنه) is usually mentioned after the names of the Sahaba.

Sunni views

Scene from the film The Message depicting the Muslim army at the Battle of Badr.

Main article: Sunni view of the Sahaba

According to Sunni scholars, people of the past should be considered companions if they had any kind of contact with Muhammad. If they saw him, heard him, or were in his presence even briefly, they are companions. Blind people are considered companions even if they could not see Muhammad. Even unlearned and unobservant Muslims are considered companions. However, anyone who died after rejecting Islam and becoming an apostate is not considered a companion. Image File history File links The_Message_-_Badr. ... Image File history File links The_Message_-_Badr. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Combatants Muslims of Medina Quraish of Mecca Commanders Muhammad Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib Ali Amr ibn Hishām (aka Abū Jahl) Abu Sufyan Strength 305-350 <900-1000 Casualties 14 killed 50-70 killed 43-70 captured The Battle of Badr (Arabic: ‎), fought March 17, 624 CE (17 Ramadan... Sunnis have a very positive view of the Sahaba, honouring them greatly and beliving it to be a Muslim obligation to love them. ... Apostasy (from Greek αποστασία, a defection or revolt from a military commander, from απο, apo, away, apart, στασις, stasis, standing) is a term generally employed to describe the formal renunciation of ones religion, especially if the motive is deemed unworthy. ...

Sunni Muslim scholars classified companions into many categories, based on a number of criteria. Suyuti recognized eleven levels of companionship. However, all companions are considered just (udul); that is, Sunni scholars do not believe that companions would lie or fabricate hadith. Imam Al-Suyuti (849-911 ah) is a respected early scholar of Ahl Al-Sunna Wal-Jamaa. ...

Shi'a views

Main article: Shia view of the Sahaba

Shi'a Muslims do not accept all companions as just. The Shi'a believe that after the death of Muhammad, most Muslims turned aside from true Islam and followed leaders like the first caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar. Only a few of the early Muslims held fast to Ali ibn Abi Talib, whom Shi'a Muslims regard as the rightful successor to Muhammad. (See Succession to Muhammad) Shi'a scholars therefore deprecate hadith believed to have been transmitted through unjust companions, and place much more reliance on hadith believed to have been related by companions who supported Ali. For other views of Sahaba and a short description, see sahaba. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic &#1575;&#1576;&#1608; &#1576;&#1603;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1583;&#1610;&#1602;, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘Alī ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... Succession to Muhammad concerns the different viewpoints and beliefs that are held in relation to the succession to the leadership of the Muslim community, or ummah, after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad Muhammad died in 632 CE. in Medina following a brief illness. ...

Numbers of companions

Some Muslims assert that there were more than one hundred thousand companions. They do so in relation to the hadith known as Ghadir Khumm, regarding a sermon Muhammad delivered after making his last pilgrimage, or Hajj, to Mecca. Shi'a Muslims believe that there were about 124,000 witnesses to this sermon ^[1], which would emphasize the gravity and official nature of this alleged speech appointing Ali ibn Abi Talib as Muhammad's successor. Nearly all Sunni sources accept the hadith, but do not interpret it as do the Shi'a and therefore do not attach significance to the event. Some Sunni sources additionally accept the Shi'a crowd estimates. The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... // This article is about the Islamic tradition. ... Mecca IPA: or Makkah (in full: Makkah al-Mukarramah; Arabic: ‎, Turkish: Mekke) is the capital city of Saudi Arabias Makkah province, in the historic Hijaz region. ... Shi&#699;a Islam (Arabic &#1588;&#1610;&#1593;&#1609; follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%&#8211;35% of all Muslim. ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘Alī ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ...

See also

• Non-Muslim interactants with Muslims during Muhammad's era.
• Timing of Sahaba becoming muslims
• Salaf
• Taba'een
• Taba Tabe'een

Related to hadith: This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... This article is on the group of early Muslims. ... The Tabaeen (or Followers) are the generation of Muslims that came after the Sahaba. ... In Islam, the generation after the tabaeen is known as the taba tabeeen. ... Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ...

• Isnad
• Narrators of hadith

Related to Muhammad's family: The isnad (Arabic اسناد or in Quranic era Arabic اسند) are the citations or backings that establish the legitimacy of the hadith, which are the sayings of Muhammad, Prophet of Islam. ... The Sunnah of Muhammad was told by way of an oral tradition before they were written down. ... Muhammad (Arabic ; also Mohammed, Mohamet, and other variants[1] [2] [3]), 570-632 C.E.,[4] [5] was an Arab religious and political leader who established Islam and the Muslim community (Ummah, Arabic: أمة) to whom he preached. ...

• Muhammad's wives
• Ahlul Bayt

• Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi — became Muslim, but not a ṣaḥābi.

Muhammad (570-632 C.E.) is regarded by non-Muslims as the founder of the religion of Islam and by Muslims as the last and greatest of the prophets of Islam. ... This is an Arabic phrase literally translated as People of the House, or family. ... Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi (Arabic: المنذر بن ساوى التميمي) was the ruler of Bahrain and Qatar during the age of the prophet Muhammad. ...

References

1. ^ To be with the truthful by Muhammad al-Tijani on Al-Islam.org [1]

also: To Be With The Truthful is one of the four books by well known Sunni turned Shia scholar Muhammad al-Tijani. ... Dr. Muhammad al-Tijani al-Samawi was a Tunisian student who was raised in a family that followed the rites of the Sufi Tijaniyyah order, based on the teachings of Sidi Ahmed al-Tidjani. ... Al-Islam. ...

• Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad -- The book of The Major Classes, only partially translated into English; see Men of Medina and Women of Medina published by Ta-Ha Publishers, and first two volumes as published by Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi
• Wilferd Madelung -- The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997
• Maxime Rodinson -- Muhammad, 1961, as translated into English and published in 1980 by Pantheon Books
• William Montgomery Watt -- Muhammad at Medina, Oxford University Press 1956

Ibn Sad was a Sunni Muslim scholar of Islam. ... The book of The Major Classes (Arabic: Kitab Al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir) (ISBN B0007JAWMK) is a collection in two volumes about Islam, authored by Ibn Sad. ... Wilferd Madelung is the Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford. ... The Succession to Muhammad is a book writen by Wilferd Madelung and released by the Cambridge University Press in 1997. ... Maxime Rodinson (26 January 1915&#8211;23 May 2004) was a french marxist historian, sociologist and orientalist. ... Muhammad (ISBN 1-56584-752-0) is the name of a book written by prominent French non-Muslim Islamic scholar Maxime Rodinson in 2002 . ... William Montgomery Watt is a English Islamic scholar. ... Muhammad at medina is a book about Islam writen by the non-Muslim Islamic scholar William Montgomery Watt. ...

External links

• Men around the Messenger - Khalid Muhammad Khalid - download the pdf
• Islamic Glossary includes the names of some Sahaba.
• The Companions of the Prophet: Definition, Status, and Ranking
• Sahaba - Companions of the Prophet gives some detailed information about some Sahaba.
• ummah gives support to the idea that Imam Abu Hanifa was a taba'een
• Companions of the Prophet - the Sahabah provides extensive information about the lives of some Sahaba.
• Why are Sahaba the most successful An online video lecture by Shaykh Sayyed Muhammad bin Yahya Al-Husayni Al-Ninowy
• The Superior Qualities of Sahaba An online video lecture by Shaykh Sayyed Muhammad bin Yahya Al-Husayni Al-Ninowy
• The High Honor of Sahaba An online video lecture by Shaykh Sayyed Muhammad bin Yahya Al-Husayni Al-Ninowy
• al-Islam gives very short descriptions (both in English and Arabic) of some notable Sahaba.
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