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Encyclopedia > Saint Lawrence River
COLIN SHAJGEC River
Map of the St. Lawrence/Great Lakes Watershed
Origin Lake Ontario
Mouth Gulf of Saint Lawrence/Atlantic Ocean
Basin countries Canada (Ontario, Quebec)
United States (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Wisconsin)
Length 1,197 km (744 mi)
Source elevation 250 m (820 ft)
Avg. discharge 10,400 m³/s (367,328 cu ft/s)
Basin area 1,030,000 km² (397,683 sq mi)
a broat veiew of the St LAwrence River, with a Quebec City on a background
a broat veiew of the St LAwrence River, with a Quebec City on a background

The Saint Lawrence River (In French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large south west-to-north east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. It is the primary drainage of the Great Lakes Basin. It is called Kaniatarowanenneh ("big waterway") in Mohawk. It traverses the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario and forms part of the provincial boundary between Quebec and Ontario and part of the international boundary between Ontario, Canada and the U.S. state of New York. Image File history File links Grlakes_lawrence_map. ... River Wey near its source at Farringdon, Hampshire Headstream is the origin of water flow that initiates the subject watercourse. ... Bathymetry of the Gulf, with the Laurentian Channel visible Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French: golfe du Saint-Laurent), the worlds largest estuary, is the outlet of North Americas Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean. ... A drainage basin is the area within the drainage basin divide (blue outline), and drains the surface runoff and river discharge (green lines) of a contiguous area. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government - Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (140,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Largest metro area Metro Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... This article is about the state. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Greater Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area  Ranked 23rd  - Total 65,498 sq mi (169,790 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 310 miles (500 km)  - % water 17  - Latitude 42° 30′ N to 47° 05′ N  - Longitude 86° 46′ W to 92° 53′ W Population  Ranked... River Wey near its source at Farringdon, Hampshire Headstream is the origin of water flow that initiates the subject watercourse. ... In hydrology, the discharge of a river is the volume of water transported by it in a certain amount of time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 202 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 202 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Nickname: Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes Basin consists of the Great Lakes and the surrounding lands of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in the United States, and the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada, whose direct runoff and watersheds form a... Mohawk is a Native American language spoken by the Mohawk nation in the United States and Canada. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countriesAtlas  Politics Portal      Canada is a federation which consists of ten provinces that, with three territories, make up the worlds second largest country in total area. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government - Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Canada and the United States of America share the longest common border among any two countries that is not militarized or actively patrolled. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the state. ...

Contents

Geography

The Saint Lawrence River originates at the outflow of Lake Ontario between Kingston, Ontario on the north bank, Wolfe Island in mid-stream, and Cape Vincent, New York on the south bank. Lake Ontario, bounded on the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, USA, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... Wolfe Island may refer to: in Canada, Wolfe Island in Lake Ontario Wolfe Island in the Atlantic off Nova Scotia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Cape Vincent, New York may refer to: Cape Vincent (town), New York Cape Vincent (village), New York Category: ...


From there, it passes Gananoque, Brockville, Ogdensburg, Massena, Cornwall, Montreal, Trois-Rivières, and Quebec City before draining into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the largest estuary in the world. It runs 3,058 kilometres (1,900 mi) from the furthest headwater to the mouth (1,197 kilometres or 744 mi from the outflow of Lake Ontario). The furthest headwater is the North River in the Mesabi Range at Hibbing Minnesota. Its drainage area, which includes the Great Lakes and hence the world's largest system of fresh water lakes, has a size of 1.03 million square kilometres (390,000 sq mi). The average discharge at the mouth is 10,400 cubic metres per second (367,000 cu ft/s). Gananoque is a town in Leeds and Grenville County, Ontario, located at 44°1955 North 76°944 West. ... Brockville is located in the Thousand Islands region on the St. ... Ogdensburg is a city in St. ... There are two places named Massena in St. ... Location of Cornwall in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Ontario Coordinates: , Country Province Founded 1784 Government  - Mayor Bob Kilger Population (2006)  - City 45,965 (Ranked 100)  - Metro 58,485   source: Statistics Canada Time zone EST (UTC-5)  - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4) Website: http://www. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region Montréal Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Des Forges boulevard at night. ... Nickname: Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government... Bathymetry of the Gulf, with the Laurentian Channel visible Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French: golfe du Saint-Laurent), the worlds largest estuary, is the outlet of North Americas Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean. ... For other meanings, see Estuary (disambiguation) Rio de la Plata estuary An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. ... The North River is a river, approximately 6 miles (9. ... The Mesabi Iron Range is a vast deposit of iron ore and the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. ... Hibbing is a city located in St. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ...


The river includes Lake Saint-Louis south of Montreal, Lac Saint-François at Salaberry-de-Valleyfield and Lac Saint-Pierre east of Montreal. It surrounds such islands as the Thousand Islands near Kingston, the Island of Montreal, Île Jésus (Laval), Île d'Orléans near Québec City, and Anticosti Island north of the Gaspé. Location map of Lake St-Louis. ... Lac Saint-François (Lake Saint Francis) is a lake which borders southeastern Ontario, southwestern Quebec and northern New York State. ... Salaberry-de-Valleyfield is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada on the south shore of the St. ... Lac Saint-Pierre is a lake and nature reserve located on the Saint Lawrence River between Sorel and Trois-Rivières east of Montreal. ... Sunset over one of the smallest islands. ... The Island of Montreal (in French, île de Montréal), in extreme southwestern Quebec, Canada, is located at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. ... Motto: Unité, progrès, grandeur (Unity, Progress, Greatness) Area: 247. ... Motto: Unité, progrès, grandeur(French) Unity, Progress, Greatness City of Laval Coordinates: , Country Province Founded Established 1965 Government  - City Mayor Gilles Vaillancourt (since 1989) Area  - City 247. ... ÃŽle dOrléans is located in the St. ... Anticosti - Landsat photo Anticosti Island (French, lÃŽle dAnticosti) is a rocky, forest covered island at the outlet of the Saint Lawrence River into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, in Quebec, Canada, between 49° and 50° N., and between 61° 40 and 64° 30 W.. It is separated on... The Gaspé Peninsula or just the Gaspé (la Gaspésie in French) is a North American peninsula on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec. ...


Lake Champlain and the Ottawa, Richelieu, and Saguenay rivers drain into the St. Lawrence. Landsat photo Lake Champlain (French: lac Champlain) is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in the province of Quebec. ... This is about the river in Canada. ... The Richelieu River in Quebec, Canada flows about 130 km north to drain Lake Champlain into the St. ... The Saguenay River is a major river of Quebec, Canada. ...


The Saint Lawrence River is in a seismically active zone where fault reactivation is believed to occur along late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic normal faults related to the opening of Iapetus Ocean. The faults in the area are rift related, which is called the Saint Lawrence rift system. Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... The Proterozoic (IPA: ) is a geological eon representing a period before the first abundant complex life on Earth. ... The Paleozoic Era (from the Greek palaio, old and zoion, animals, meaning ancient life) is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ... The Iapetus Ocean was an Ocean that existed in the Southern Hemisphere between Scotland, England and Scandinavia between 400 and 600 million years ago. ... In geology, a rift is a place where the Earths lithosphere is expanding. ... The Saint Lawrence rift system is a seismically active zone paralleling the Saint Lawrence River. ...

Saint Lawrence River between Quebec City (seen at left) and Lévis (seen at right). The Île d'Orléans appears further in the center.
Saint Lawrence River between Quebec City (seen at left) and Lévis (seen at right). The Île d'Orléans appears further in the center.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 242 pixelsFull resolution (5482 × 1656 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 242 pixelsFull resolution (5482 × 1656 pixel, file size: 1. ... Nickname: Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government... Lévis (officially Ville de Lévis) is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada. ... ÃŽle dOrléans is located in the St. ...

History

a few miles north of Quebec City
a few miles north of Quebec City

The first known European explorer to navigate the St. Lawrence was Jacques Cartier, who sighted the Bay of Chaleur in 1534 and also claimed New France for Francis I. The land was inhabited at the time by the St. Lawrence Iroquoians. He returned to the area the following year. Arriving at the Gulf on St. Lawrence' feast day, he accordingly named it the Gulf of St. Lawrence.[1] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 235 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 235 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Nickname: Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government... For other uses, see Jacques Cartier (disambiguation). ... The Bay of Chaleur (alternate name Chaleur Bay, and baie des Chaleurs in French) is an arm of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence separating Quebecs Gaspé Peninsula from New Brunswicks North Shore. The wide mouth of the Restigouche River is formed at the western-most (upper) end of... Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760  - Treaty... Francis I of France (French: François Ier) (September 12, 1494 – March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Territory occupied by the St. ... This page concerns the Christian martyr. ...


Until the early 1600s, the French used the name Rivière du Canada to designate the Saint Lawrence upstream to Montreal and the Ottawa River after Montreal. The Saint Lawrence River served as the main route for exploration of the North American interior.


The St. Lawrence was formerly continuously navigable only as far as Montreal because of the Lachine Rapids. The Lachine Canal was the first to allow ships to pass the rapids; the Saint Lawrence Seaway, an extensive system of canals and locks, now permits ocean-going vessels to pass all the way to Lake Superior. The Lachine Rapids are a series of rapids on the Saint Lawrence River, between the Island of Montreal and the south shore. ... The Lachine Canal in 1920 The Lachine Canal (Canal de Lachine in French) is a canal passing through the southwestern part of the Island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, through the boroughs of Lachine and Le Sud-Ouest on land originally granted by the King of France to the Sulpician Order. ... The Eisenhower Locks in Massena, NY. The St. ... For the the Quebec municipality, see Lac-Supérieur. ...


In the late 1970s, the river was the subject of a successful ecological campaign (called "Save the River"), originally responding to planned development by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The campaign was organized, among others, by Abbie Hoffman, then on the run under the pseudonym of Barry Freed. The USACE gold castle insignia, worn by officers of the Corps The United States Army Corps of Engineers, or USACE, is made up of some 34,600 civilian and 650 military men and women. ... Abbott Howard Abbie Hoffman (November 30, 1936 – April 12, 1989) was a self-identified communo-anarchist,[1] social and political activist in the United States, co-founder of the Youth International Party (Yippies), and later, a fugitive from the law, who lived under an alias following a conviction for dealing...


The river was also navigated by French explorer Samuel de Champlain. Statue symbolizing Samuel de Champlain in Ottawa. ...

Saint Lawrence River along the New York-Ontario border
Saint Lawrence River along the New York-Ontario border

Saint Lawrence River near Robert Moses State Park - Thousand Islands along the border between New York and Quebec (taken Sept. ... Saint Lawrence River near Robert Moses State Park - Thousand Islands along the border between New York and Quebec (taken Sept. ...

Names

Occasionally, the French name fleuve Saint-Laurent is wrongly translated as Saint Lawrence Seaway since it uses the word fleuve and not rivière. However, the word fleuve means a large river, which runs to the ocean or sea. There is no word in English that distinguishes this type of a river from others, and thus is appropriately translated by river. The seaway is a system of artificial canals and is called in French la voie maritime du Saint-Laurent.


The source of the North River in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota is considered to be the source of the Saint Lawrence River. Because it crosses so many lakes, the water system frequently changes its name. From source to mouth, the names are:

The North River is a river, approximately 6 miles (9. ... The Saint Louis River is a river in Minnesota that flows into Lake Superior. ... For the the Quebec municipality, see Lac-Supérieur. ... The St. ... Ipperwash Beach, Lake Huron. ... Landsat satellite photo, showing Lake Saint Clair, as well as St. ... Public beach on Lake St. ... Landsat satellite photo, showing Lake Saint Clair, as well as St. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Satellite image of the Niagara River. ... Lake Ontario, bounded on the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, USA, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ...

Literature

The St. Lawrence River is at the heart of many Quebec novels (Anne Hébert's Kamouraska, Réjean Ducharme's L'avalée des avalés), poems (in works of Pierre Morency, Bernard Pozier), and songs (Leonard Cohen's Suzanne, Michel Rivard's L'oubli). The river has also been portrayed in paintings, notably by the Group of Seven. In addition, the river is the namesake of Saint-Laurent Herald at the Canadian Heraldic Authority. Anne Hebert Anne Hébert (August 1, 1916 - January 22, 2000) was a Canadian author and poet. ... Kamouraska is a novel written by Anne Hébert and published in 1970. ... Réjean Ducharme (born August 12, 1941) is a French-Canadian novelist and playwright who currently resides in Montreal, Quebec. ... Pierre Morency (born 1942) is a French Canadian writer, poet and playwright. ... Leonard Norman Cohen, CC (born September 21, 1934 in Westmount, Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, poet and novelist. ... Suzanne is a song written by Canadian poet and musician Leonard Cohen. ... The Group of Seven was a group of Canadian landscape painters in the 1920s, originally consisting of Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Frederick Varley. ... The badge of office of Saint-Laurent Herald of Arms Saint-Laurent Herald of Arms (Héraut Saint-Laurent in French) is the title of one of the officers of arms at the Canadian Heraldic Authority in Ottawa. ... Badge of the Canadian Heraldic Authority The Canadian Heraldic Authority is an agency of the Government of Canada responsible for heraldry in Canada. ...


References

  1. ^ William Henry Johnson, French Pathfinders in North America (Project Gutenberg)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Saint Lawrence River

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

See also

Boldt Castle on Heart Island. ... Grindstone Island is one of the large Thousand Islands in the St. ... A landmark castle of the Thousand Islands on Dark Island was known as Jorstadt Castle during an interval at the end of the twentieth century when it was the residence of Dr. Harold Martin. ... Cove on Wellesley Island, showing smaller island with residence Wellesley Island in Jefferson County, New York is partially in the Town of Orleans and partially in the Town of Alexandria. ... This is a list of rivers in the state of New York in the United States. ... This is a list of bridges, ferries, and other crossings of the Saint Lawrence River from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence upstream to Lake Ontario. ... Location of Sir Creek The Sir Creek is a 96 km (60 mile) strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. ... Lac Saint-Pierre is a lake and nature reserve located on the Saint Lawrence River between Sorel and Trois-Rivières east of Montreal. ... The Lachine Rapids are a series of rapids on the Saint Lawrence River, between the Island of Montreal and the south shore. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Saint Lawrence River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (614 words)
The Saint Lawrence River (French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.
The Saint Lawrence River is born at the outflow of Lake Ontario at Kingston, Ontario.
The source of the North River in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota is considered to be the source of the Saint Lawrence River.
Gulf of Saint Lawrence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (354 words)
Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French: golfe du Saint-Laurent), the world's largest estuary, is the outlet of North America's Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean.
The river goes into the gulf through the Jacques Cartier Strait between the Côte-Nord region of Quebec and the north shore of Anticosti Island, and the Honguedo Strait between the south shore of Anticosti Island and the Gaspé Peninsula.
Besides the Saint Lawrence River itself, semi-major tributaries of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence include the Miramichi River, the Natashquan River, the Restigouche River, the Margaree River, and the Humber River.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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