NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Saint Louis, Missouri

Location in the state of Missouri Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 601 KB) Summary October 2004, Paul M. Girouard. ... Image File history File links Saint_Louis,_Missouri_flag. ... The tricolor flag of France A flag is a piece of coloured cloth flown from a pole or mast, usually for purposes of signalling or identification. ... Image File history File links The official seal of the city of St. ... Seal on envelope A seal is an impression printed on, embossed upon, or affixed to a document (or any other object) in order to authenticate it, in lieu of or in addition to a signature. ... A nickname is a short, clever, cute, derogatory, or otherwise substitute name for a person or things real name (for example, Tom is short for Thomas). ... A motto is a phrase or a short list of words meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group or organization. ... Adapted from Wikipedias MO county maps by Catbar. ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 21st 69,709 miÂ²; 180,693 kmÂ² 240 mi; 385 km 300 mi; 480 km 1. ...

Government

Country
State
County

United States
Missouri
Independent City

Mayor

Francis G. Slay (D)

Geographical characteristics

Area

Total

66.2 mi² - 171.3 km²

Land

61.9 mi² - 160.4 km²

Water

4.2 mi² - 11.0 km²

Population

Total (2005)

350,705

Metro area

2,764,054

Density

5,622.9 /mi² - 2,171.1/km²

Density

{{{population_density_mi2}}}/mi²

Latitude

{{{latitude}}}

Longitude

{{{longitude}}}

Coordinates

38°38′53″ N
90°12′44″ W

Elevation

141.7 m

Time zone

CST (UTC-6)

Summer (DST)

CDT (UTC-5)

Saint Louis (pronounced /seɪntˈluːɪs/ in English, /sɛ̃ lwi/ in French), frequently spelled St. Louis, encompasses an independent city in the U.S. state of Missouri (the "City of Saint Louis") and its metropolitan area ("Greater Saint Louis"). The city, which is named after Louis IX of France, is adjacent to, but not part of, Saint Louis County, Missouri and has a population of 350,705. The Saint Louis metropolitan area, which includes counties in the states of Missouri and Illinois, is the 18th largest in the United States, with a total population of 2,698,672 as of the 2000 census. According to the St. Louis RCGA, the 2004 population is at 2,764,054. This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... The political units and divisions of the United States include: the several states, which units are typically divided into counties and townships, and incorporate cities, villages, towns, and other types of municipality, and other autonomous or subordinate public authorities and institutions; and the federal state, which unit is the United... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 21st 69,709 miÂ²; 180,693 kmÂ² 240 mi; 385 km 300 mi; 480 km 1. ... An independent city is a city that does not form part of another local government entity. ... A mayor (from the Latin maÄ«or, meaning larger,greater) is the politician who serves as chief executive official of some types of municipalities. ... Francis G. Slay (March 18, 1955 in St. ... The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... -1... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 kmÂ² and 1000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large city and its adjacent zone of influence, or of several neighboring cities or towns and adjoining areas, with one or more large cities serving as its hub or hubs. ... Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... A square mile is an Imperial unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, 1,609. ... Latitude, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter Ï†, gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the Equator. ... Map of Earth showing lines of longitude, which appear curved and vertical in this projection, but are actually halves of great circles Longitude, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter Î», describes the location of a place on Earth east or west of a north-south line called the Prime Meridian. ... This article is about longitude and latitude; see also UTM coordinate system Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (vertically) and longitude (horizontally); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... The metre (Commonwealth English) or meter (American English) (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ... Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... CST is UTC-6 The Central Standard Time Zone (CST) is a geographic region in the Americas that keeps time by subtracting six hours from UTC (UTC-6). ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time or Z, is an atomic realization of Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... Daylight saving time (also called DST) is the North American term for a system intended to save daylight (the British observe summer time, and likewise the Europeans). ... The Central Standard Time Zone (CST) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting six hours from UTC (UTC-6). ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time or Z, is an atomic realization of Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The purpose of this page is to lay out our policies for handling sounds, and give people some useful information for handling sound files. ... An independent city is a city that does not form part of another local government entity. ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 21st 69,709 miÂ²; 180,693 kmÂ² 240 mi; 385 km 300 mi; 480 km 1. ... A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large city and its adjacent zone of influence, or of several neighboring cities or towns and adjoining areas, with one or more large cities serving as its hub or hubs. ... The St. ... Only representation of Saint Louis known to be true to life - Early 14th century statue from the church of Mainneville, Eure, France King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (April 25, 1214/1215 â€“ August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 until his death. ... Map of Missouri highlighting St. ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 21st 69,709 miÂ²; 180,693 kmÂ² 240 mi; 385 km 300 mi; 480 km 1. ... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 25th 149,998 kmÂ² 340 km 629 km 4. ... The United States Census of year 2000, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

The city has several common nicknames, including the "Gateway City", "Gateway to the West", and "Mound City". St. Louis is also sometimes called "Saint Louie", "River City", "Baseball City USA", and in a coinage popularized by native rapper Nelly, "The Lou". A nickname is a short, clever, cute, derogatory, or otherwise substitute name for a person or things real name (for example, Tom is short for Thomas). ... Cornell Haynes Jr. ...

History

Apotheosis of Saint Louis, a bronze statue of the city's namesake on horseback, was widely used as a symbol of the city before construction of the Arch.

Prior to the arrival of French explorers in 1763 the area that would become Saint Louis was a major center of the Mississippian mound builders. The presence of numerous mounds, now almost all destroyed, earned the later city the nickname of "Mound City." Download high resolution version (526x800, 282 KB)Apotheosis of St. ... Download high resolution version (526x800, 282 KB)Apotheosis of St. ... Apotheosis of French soldiers fallen in the liberation war, Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson, beginning of 19th century. ... Assorted ancient bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States States]] from approximately 900 to 1500 A.D., varying a bit regionally. ... This article is about mound-building birds. ...

European exploration of the area had begun nearly a century earlier. Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette, both French, traveled through the Mississippi River valley in 1673, and five years later, La Salle claimed the entire valley for France. He called it "Louisiana" after King Louis XIV; the French also called their region "Illinois Country." In 1699, a settlement was established across the river from what is now Saint Louis, at Cahokia. Other early settlements were downriver at Kaskaskia, Prairie du Pont, Fort de Chartres, and Sainte Genevieve. In 1703, Catholic priests established a small mission at what is now St. Louis. The mission was later moved across the Mississippi, but the small river at the site (now a drainage channel near the southern boundary of the City of Saint Louis) still bears the name "River Des Peres" (River of the Fathers). Louis Joliet, also known Louis Jolliet (September 21, 1645â€“May 1700), was a Canadian explorer born in Quebec who is important for his discoveries in North America. ... Father Jacques Marquette (French: PÃ¨re Jacques Marquette) (10 June 1637â€“May 18, 1675) and Louis Jolliet were the first Europeans to see and map the Mississippi River. ... This article is about the river in the United States. ... Events January 22 - Impostor Mary Carleton is hanged in Newgate prison in England for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation March 18 - John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton sells his part of New Jersey to the Quakers. ... Engraving of La Salle RenÃ© Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (November 22, 1643 â€“ March 19, 1687) was a French cleric and explorer. ... For the musical group of the same name, see Louis XIV (band). ... French settlements and forts in the Illinois Country in 1763, showing U.S. current state boundaries. ... Cahokia is a village located in St. ... Kaskaskia is a village located in Randolph County, Illinois. ... Fort de Chartres existed as a succession of three French fortifications built during the 1700s on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the area of upper Louisiana known as the Illinois Country. ... Ste. ...

In 1763, Pierre Laclède, his 13-year-old stepson Auguste Chouteau, and a small band of men traveled up the Mississippi from New Orleans. In November, they landed a few miles downstream of the river's confluence with the Missouri River at a site where wooded limestone bluffs rose 40 feet above the river. The men returned to Fort de Chartres for the winter, but in February, LaClede sent Chouteau and 30 men to begin construction. The settlement was established on February 15, 1764. Pierre LaclÃ¨de or Pierre LaclÃ¨de Liguest (c. ... RenÃ© Auguste Chouteau (born September 7, 1749 in New Orleans, Louisiana; died February 24, 1829 in St. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... The Missouri River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the United States. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

The settlement began to grow quickly after word arrived that the 1763 Treaty of Paris had given England all the land east of the Mississippi. Frenchmen who had settled to the river's east moved across the water to "Laclede's Village." Other early settlements were established nearby at Saint Charles, Carondelet (now a part of the city of Saint Louis), Saint Ferdinand (now Florissant), and Portage des Sioux. In 1765, St. Louis was made the capital of Upper Louisiana. The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763 was signed on February 10, 1763, by the Kingdom of Great Britain, France and Spain with Portugal in agreement. ... St. ... Florissant is a city located in St. ... Portage Des Sioux is a city located in St. ...

From 1766 to 1768, St. Louis was governed by the French lieutenant governor, Louis Saint Ange de Bellerive. After 1768, St. Louis was governed by a series of Spanish governors, whose administration continued even after Louisiana was secretly returned to France in 1800 by the Treaty of San Ildefonso. The town's population was then about a thousand. The Treaty of San Ildefonso (formally titled the Preliminary and Secret Treaty between the French Republic and His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain, Concerning the Aggrandizement of His Royal Highness the Infant Duke of Parma in Italy and the Retrocession of Louisiana) was a secretly negotiated treaty between France...

Saint Louis was acquired from France by the United States under President Thomas Jefferson in 1803, as part of the Louisiana Purchase. The transfer of power from Spain was made official in a ceremony called "Three Flags Day." On March 8, 1804, the Spanish flag was lowered and the French one raised. On March 10, the French flag was replaced by the United States flag. The presidential seal was first used by president Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America (often abbreviated to POTUS) is the head of state of the United States. ... Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 N.S. â€“ July 4, 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801â€“1809), author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... From Frank Bond, Louisiana and the Louisiana Purchase. ...

The Lewis and Clark Expedition left the Saint Louis area in May 1804, reached the Pacific Ocean in the summer of 1805, and returned on Sept. 23, 1806. Many other explorers, settlers, and trappers (such as Ashley's Hundred) would later take a similar route to the West. Lewis and Clark The Lewis and Clark expedition (1804â€“1806) was the first United States overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back, led by Captain Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark, of the US Army. ... Ashleys Hundred refers to the men who responded to the flyer, To Enterprising Young Men: The Subscriber wishes to engage One Hundred men to ascend the River Missouri to its source to be employed for one, two, or three years . ...

The steamboat era began in Saint Louis on July 27, 1817, with the arrival of the "Zebulon M. Pike." Rapids north of the city made Saint Louis the northernmost navigable port for many large boats, and "Pike" and her sisters soon transformed St. Louis into a bustling boomtown, commercial center, and inland port. By the 1850s, Saint Louis had become the largest U.S. city west of Pittsburgh, and the second-largest port in the country, with a commercial tonnage exceeded only by New York. Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779–April 27, 1813) was an American soldier and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado is named. ...

Missouri became a state in 1820. Saint Louis was incorporated as a city on December 9, 1822. A U.S. arsenal was constructed at Saint Louis in 1827.

Immigrants flooded into Saint Louis after 1840, particularly from Germany, Bohemia and Ireland, the latter driven by an Old World potato famine. The population of Saint Louis grew from fewer than 20,000 in 1840, to 77,860 in 1850, to just over 160,000 by 1860. Bohemia. ... Potato famine may mean or refer to: The Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849) The Highlands and Islands Potato Famine (1846 - 1857) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Two disasters occurred in 1849: a cholera epidemic killed nearly one-tenth of the population, and a fire destroyed numerous steamboats and a large portion of the city. These disasters led to political action: old cemeteries were removed to the outskirts of the town; sinkholes were filled and swamps drained; water and sewer public utilities started; and a new building code required structures to be built of stone or brick. The St. ...

In the first half of the 19th century, a second channel developed in the Mississippi River at Saint Louis. An island ("Bloody Island") formed between the two channels, and a smaller island ("Duncan's Island") developed below Saint Louis. It was feared that the levee at St. Louis might be left high and dry, and federal assistance was sought and obtained. Under the supervision of Robert E. Lee, levees were constructed on the Illinois side to direct water toward the Missouri side and eliminate the second channel. Bloody Island was joined to the land on the Illinois side, and Duncan's Island was washed away. For the author of Inherit the Wind and other works, see Robert Edwin Lee. ...

Militarily, the Civil War (1861-1865) barely touched St. Louis; the area saw only a few skirmishes in which Union forces prevailed. But the war shut down trade with the South, devastating the city's economy. Missouri was nominally a slave state, but its economy did not depend on slavery, and it never seceded from the Union. The arsenal at Saint Louis was used during the war to construct ironclad ships for the Union. Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis Strength 1,556,678 (of whom many signed multiple enlistment contracts) 1,064,200 Casualties KIA: 110,100 Total dead: 359,500 Wounded: 275,200 KIA: 74,500 Total dead: 198,500 Wounded: 137,000+ {{{notes... Map of the division of the states during the Civil War. ... The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view. ...

On July 4, 1876 the City of Saint Louis voted to secede from Saint Louis County and become an independent city. At that time the County was primarily rural and sparsely populated, and the fast-growing City did not want to spend their tax dollars on infastructure and services for the inefficent county. This decision would gravely come back to haunt the City as white flight with suburban development and population migration outside the City limits would cost the City millions of lost tax dollars and contribute to the City's deterioration. 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Urban secession is a citys secession from its surrounding region, to form a new political unit (usually a state or district or province of the same country as its surroundings, but not always). ... St. ... White flight is a colloquial term for the demographic trend of white people, generally but not always upper and middle class, moving from increasingly and predominantly non-white areas, often from urban cores to nearby suburbs or even to new locales entirely, e. ...

Saint Louis is one of several cities that claims to have the world's first skyscraper. The Wainwright Building, a 10-story structure designed by Louis Sullivan and built in 1892, still stands at Chestnut and Seventh Streets and is today used by the State of Missouri as a government office building. Taipei 101, considered the worlds tallest skyscraper. ... Wainwright Building The Wainwright Building is a 10-story red-brick landmark office building in downtown St. ... Louis Sullivan Louis Henry (Henri) Sullivan (September 3, 1856â€“April 14, 1924) was an American architect, called the father of modernism. He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, and was a mentor to Frank Lloyd... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 21st 69,709 miÂ²; 180,693 kmÂ² 240 mi; 385 km 300 mi; 480 km 1. ...

Nikola Tesla made the first public demonstration of radio communication here in 1893. Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the National Electric Light Association, he described and demonstrated in detail the principles of radio communication. The apparatus that he used contained all the elements that were incorporated into radio systems before the development of the vacuum tube. Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856 â€“ c. ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Franklin Institute is the memorial to Benjamin Franklin, that serves to perpetuate his legacy; the museum contains many of Franklins personal effects. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love Motto: N/A Official website: http://www. ... The National Electric Light Association (NELA) was a national trade association including the operators of central power generation stations and interested individuals. ... Communication is the process of exchanging information, usually via a common protocol. ... In electronics, a vacuum tube (U.S. and Canadian English) or (thermionic) valve (outside North America) is a device generally used to amplify, or otherwise modify, a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an evacuated space. ...

In 1896, one of the deadliest and most destructive tornadoes in U.S. history struck St. Louis and East St. Louis. The confirmed death toll is 255, with some estimates above 400, and injuries over 1,000. It left a mile wide continuous swath of destroyed homes, factories, mills, saloons, hospitals, schools, parks, churches, and railroad yards. Damages adjusted for inflation (1997 USD) make it the costliest tornado in U.S. history at an estimated $2.9 billion. Several other tornadoes have hit the city making it the worst tornado afflicted large city in the U.S.; with the most deadly and destructive occurring in 1871 (9 killed), 1890 (4 killed), 1904 (3 killed, 100 injured), 1927 (79 killed, 550 injured), and 1959 (21 killed, 345 injured). 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The St. ...

In 1904, the city hosted the World's Fair and the Olympic Games, making the United States the first English-speaking country to host the Olympics. Citizens of St. Louis still look back fondly on the events of 1904; there were several events held in 2004 to commemorate the centennial. 1904 (MCMIV) is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Entrance to Creation Exhibit on the Pike Map of the St. ... The 1904 Summer Olympics, formally known as the Games of the III Olympiad, were held in St. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... For months before the Olympic Games, runners relay the Olympic Flame from Olympia to the opening ceremony. ...

The uranium used in the Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bomb was refined in Saint Louis by Mallinckrodt Chemical Co., starting in 1942. General Name, Symbol, Number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Atomic mass 238. ... Control panels and operators for calutrons at the Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ...

The Pruitt-Igoe housing project, built in 1955 and demolished in 1972, is one of the most infamous failures of urban planning; many consider its destruction to be the symbolic end of Modern architecture. (The buildings were the first major work by Minoru Yamasaki, who later designed the World Trade Center.) A building in the Pruitt-Igoe housing development collapses during its demolition. ... Public housing describes a form of housing tenure in which the property is owned by a government authority, which may be central or local. ... Urban, city, or town planning, deals with the physical, social and economic development of metropolitan regions, municipalities and neighborhoods. ... Modern architecture is a broad term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament, that first arose around 1900. ... Minoru Yamasaki (December 1, 1912â€“February 6, 1986) was an American architect, born in Seattle, Washington, a second-generation Japanese-American. ... The World Trade Center in New York City (sometimes informally referred to as the WTC) was a complex of seven buildings designed by Japanese-American architect Minoru Yamasaki and leased by Larry Silverstein from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey around a central plaza, near the south...

Recent developments

Washington Avenue Loft District

Recently, there has been an upturn in construction in downtown St. Louis. The Bottle District, an entertainment district named after a large Vess sodapop bottle that stands near Interstate 70, will open in spring 2007 and will be located in an area just north of the Edward Jones Dome. The St. Louis Cardinals' new ballpark, which will retain the name Busch Stadium, will open in 2006 along with Ballpark Village, located where the former Busch Stadium stood. For several years, the Washington Avenue Loft District has been gentrifying with an expanding corridor along Washington Avenue from the Edwards Jones Dome westward almost two dozen blocks. Rehabilitation of other downtown areas is planned. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (488x651, 129 KB) Summary St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (488x651, 129 KB) Summary St. ... The Bottle District is a six-block area north of Downtown St. ... 2007 (MMVII) will be a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Busch Stadium was the home of the St. ... Ballpark Village refers to a 12-acre area of St. ... The Washington Avenue Loft District is a portion of St. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

St. Louis' population is growing once more following a half-century of decline. The 2004 and 2005 Census estimates were successfully contested by the mayor's office and revised after it was revealed that earlier figures had estimated the city's population as too low. As of 2005, Saint Louis's population is estimated to be slightly higher than it was at the time of the 2000 Census. 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 2000. ...

Geography

The Rivers around Saint Louis

St. Louis is located at 38°38′53″N, 90°12′44″W (38.648056, -90.212222).^GR1 Rivers around St. ... Rivers around St. ... The following is a list of sources used in the creation of Wikipedia articles on various geographic topics and locations, such as cities, counties, states, and countries. ...

The city is built primarily on bluffs and terraces that rise 100-200 feet above the western banks of the Mississippi River, just south of the Missouri-Mississippi confluence. Much of the area is a fertile and gently rolling prairie that features low hills and broad, shallow valleys. Both the Mississippi River and the Missouri River have cut large valleys with wide flood plains. This article is about the New Zealand town of Bluff. ... This article is about the river in the United States. ... The Missouri River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the United States. ...

Limestone and dolomite of the Mississippian epoch underlies the area and much of the city is a karst area, with numerous sinkholes and caves, although most of the caves have been sealed shut; many springs are visble along the riverfront. Signifcant deposits of coal, brick clay, and millerite ore were once mined in the city, and the predominant surface rock, the St. Louis Limestone, is used as dimension stone and rubble for construction. Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... Dolomite crystals from Touissite, Morocco Dolomite is the name of both a carbonate rock and a mineral (formula: CaMg(CO3)2) consisting of a calcium magnesium carbonate found in crystals. ... This article is about the geologic period; for the North American culture, see Mississippian culture. ... The geologic time scale is used by geologists and other scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. ... Karst topography occurs when a landscape is marked by underground drainage patterns. ... Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). ... A weathered brick wall. ... Quaternary clay in Estonia. ... Millerite can have the following meanings: Millerites, a diverse family of denominations and Bible study movements that have arisen since the middle of the 19th century, traceable to the Adventist movement sparked by the apocalyptic teachings of William Miller. ...

The St. Louis Geologic fault is exposed along the bluffs and was the source of several historic minor earthquakes; it is part of the St. Louis Anticline which has some petroleum and natural gas deposits outside of the city. Saint Louis is also just north of the New Madrid Seismic Zone which in 1811-12 produced a series of earthquakes that are the largest known in the contiguous United States. Seismologists estimate 90% probability of a magnitude 6.0 earthquake by 2040 and 7-10% probability of a magnitude 8.0 [1], such tremors could create significant damage across a large region of the central U.S. including Saint Louis. Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... In geology, an anticline is a type of fold that involves a downward slope to either side. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra â€“ rock and elaion â€“ oil or Latin oleum â€“ oil ), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold or Texas Tea, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... Natural gas (commonly referred to as gas in many countries, but note that gas is also an American and Canadian shortening of gasoline) is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ... Seismic map New Madrid Seismic Zone. ... An image showing the results of the earthquake and the resulting flow of the Mississippi River, as well as the creation of the Kentucky Bend. ... The Richter magnitude test scale (or more correctly local magnitude ML scale) assigns a single number to quantify the size of an earthquake. ...

Near the southern boundary of the City of Saint Louis (separating it from Saint Louis County) is the River des Peres, virtually the only river or stream within the city limits that is not entirely underground. Most of River des Peres was either channelized or put underground in the 1920s and early 1930s. The lower section of the river was the site of some of the worst flooding of the Great Flood of 1993. Map of Missouri highlighting St. ... The new River des Peres in Forest Park. ... The Great Insignificant Flood of 1993 was a huge, costly, and devastating flood that occurred in the American Midwest from April to October of 1993. ...

Near the central, western boundary of the city is Forest Park, site of the 1904 World's fair, the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904 or, as it is commonly known, the Saint Louis World's Fair, and the 1904 Summer Olympics, the first Olympic Games held in North America. At the time, Saint Louis was the fourth most populous city in the United States. McDonnell Planetarium Old Footbridge in Forest Park Forest Park in Saint Louis, Missouri, opened in 1876 and the former site of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904, is one of the large urban landscape parks created in the U.S. during the later 19th century, following the example of Central... A Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid 19th century. ... Entrance to Creation Exhibit on the Pike Map of the St. ... 1904 (MCMIV) is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Entrance to Creation Exhibit on the Pike Map of the St. ... The 1904 Summer Olympics, formally known as the Games of the III Olympiad, were held in St. ... For months before the Olympic Games, runners relay the Olympic Flame from Olympia to the opening ceremony. ...

The Missouri River forms the northern border of Saint Louis County, exclusive of a few areas where the river has changed its course. The Meramec River forms most of its southern border. To the east is the City and the Mississippi River. The Missouri River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the United States. ... Map of Missouri highlighting St. ... The Meramec River Looking North from Route 66 State Park The Meramec River is the longest free-flowing waterway in Missouri -- it wanders some 350 kilometers (220 miles) through six Missouri Ozark Highland counties: Dent, Phelps, Crawford, Franklin, Jefferson, and St. ... This article is about the river in the United States. ...

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 171.3 km² (66.2 mi²). 160.4 km² (61.9 mi²) of it is land and 11.0 km² (4.2 mi² or 6.39%) of it is water. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an Imperial unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (5,280 feet, 1,760 yards, 1,609. ...

Metropolitan statistical area

The Saint Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Saint Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area, the 18th largest in the United States, and as of 2005 has a total population of 2,764,054). This area includes Saint Louis County (1,009,235), the independent City of Saint Louis (343,279), the Missouri counties of Saint Charles (320,734), Jefferson (210,397), Franklin (98,234), Lincoln (45,618) and Warren (27,809), and the Illinois counties of Madison (264,350), Saint Clair (259,132), Clinton (36,065), Monroe (30,491) and Jersey (22,320). The St. ... The St. ... The St. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas, which are organized around county boundaries. ... The following is a list (by population) of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the United States Census Bureau. ... St. ... Missouri has 114 counties and one independent city. ... St. ... Jefferson County is a county located in the state of Missouri, and included the mean center of U.S. population in 1980. ... Franklin County is a county located in the state of Missouri. ... Lincoln County is a county located in the state of Missouri. ... Warren County is a county located in the state of Missouri. ... List of 102 counties in the U.S. state of Illinois: Adams County Alexander County Bond County Boone County Brown County Bureau County Calhoun County Carroll County Cass County Champaign County Christian County Clark County Clay County Clinton County Coles County Cook County Crawford County Cumberland County DeKalb County De... Madison County is a county located in the state of Illinois. ... St. ... Clinton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois, and determined by the U.S. Census Bureau to include the mean center of U.S. population in 1960. ... Monroe County is a county located in the state of Illinois. ...

Cityscape

Lafayette Square Homes

The city is divided into 79 neighborhoods. The divisions have no legal standing, although some neighborhood associations administer grants or hold veto power over historic-district development. Nevertheless, the social and political influence of neighborhood identity is profound. Some hold avenues of massive stone edifices built as palaces for heads of state visiting the 1904 World's Fair. Others offer tidy working-class bungalows, hip loft districts, or areas hard-hit by social problems and unemployment. Many of them have retained - quite consciously and deliberately - a camaraderie that is missing from many American towns today. Image File history File links DSC08649. ... Image File history File links DSC08649. ...

Among the best-known, architecturally significant, or well-visited neighborhoods are Downtown, Midtown, Benton Park, Carondelet, the Central West End, Clayton/Tamm (Dogtown), Dutchtown South, Forest Park Southeast, Grand Center, The Hill, Lafayette Square, Shaw (home to the Missouri Botanical Garden and named after the Garden's founder, Henry Shaw), Soulard (home of the second-largest Mardi Gras festival in the nation), Tower Grove East, Tower Grove South, and Wydown/Skinker. Carondelet is a neighborhood in the extreme southeastern portion of St. ... The Central West End is a distinct neighborhood in St. ... Clayton-Tamm is a traditionally Irish-American neighborhood located near the western border of Saint Louis, Missouri, just South of Forest Park. ... Grand Center, located just north of the Saint Louis University campus, is often referred to as the arts district of St. ... . ... Categories: US geography stubs | Botanical gardens | Missouri landmarks | Saint Louis, Missouri ... This article lacks information on the subject matters importance. ... Soulard is a historic neighborhood in St. ... Mardi Gras (French for Fat Tuesday) is the day before Ash Wednesday, and is also called Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Day. It is the final day of Carnival (pronounced CAR-nuh-vul in English; car-nee-VAHL in most Romance languages). ... Categories: Stub | Saint Louis, Missouri ...

Climate

Saint Louis has a continental temperate climate, and has neither large mountains nor large bodies of water to moderate its temperature. The area is affected by both cold Canadian arctic air, and also hot, humid tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico. The city has four distinct seasons. The average annual temperature for the years 1971-2000, recorded at nearby Lambert–St. Louis International Airport, is 56.3 °F (13.5 °C), and average precipitation is 38.75 inches (980 mm). The normal high temperature in July is 90 °F (32 °C), and the normal low temperature in January is 21 °F (−6 °C), although these values are often exceeded. Temperatures of 100 °F (38 °C) or more occur no more than five days per year, while temperatures of 0 °F (-17.8 °C) or below occur 2 or 3 days per year on average. The official all-time record low is -22 °F (-30.0 °C) and the record high is 117 °F (47.2 °C). Hundreds were killed by extreme heat and humidity in 1995 and 1999. Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ...

Winter is the driest season, averaging about 6 inches of total precipitation. Springtime, March through May, is typically the wettest season, with just under 10.5 inches. Dry spells of one or two weeks duration are common during the growing seasons.

Thunderstorms can be expected on 40 to 50 days per year. A few of them will be severe with locally destructive winds and large hail, and occasionally accompanied by tornadoes (see St. Louis tornado history). The two costliest tornadoes and the costliest hailstorm in history occurred in St. Louis. Other occasional weather hazards include blizzards and ice storms. A period of unseasonably warm weather late in autumn known as Indian summer is common – roses will still be in bloom as late as November or early December in some years. Weather conditions are highly variable. A roll cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... A large hailstone Hail is a type of graupel, a form of precipitation, composed of spears or irregular lumps of ice. ... For other uses of Tornado, see Tornado (disambiguation). ... City of St. ... Blizzards are characterized by high winds and blinding precipitation Sudden blizzards can cause terrible damage to infrastructure as well as danger to human life. ... Ice storm could refer to: A type of winter storm characterized by freezing rain. ... OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx Autumn (also fall in North American English) is one of the four temperate seasons, the transition from summer into winter. ... An Indian summer day Indian summer (also called Old Wives summer in the United Kingdom) is a name given to a period of sunny, warm weather in autumn, not long before winter. ... Species About 100, see text A rose is a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa and the flower of this shrub. ...

Flora and fauna

Before the founding of the city, the area was prairie and open forest maintained by burning by Native Americans. Trees are mainly oak, maple, and hickory, similar to the forests of the nearby Ozarks; common understory trees include Eastern Redbud, Serviceberry, and Flowering Dogwood. Riparian areas are forested with mainly American sycamore. Most of the residential area of the city is planted with large native shade trees. The largest native forest area is found in Forest Park. In Autumn, the changing color of the trees is notable. Most species here are typical of the Eastern Woodland, although numerous decorative non-native species are found; the most notable invasive species is Japanese honeysuckle, which is actively removed from some parks. An Atsina named Assiniboin Boy Native Americans in the United States (also known as Indians, American Indians, First Americans, Indigenous Peoples, Aboriginal Peoples, Aboriginal Americans, Amerindians, Amerinds, or Original Americans) are the indigenous peoples within the territory that is now encompassed by the continental United States and their descendants in... Species See List of Quercus species The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of several hundred species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus, and some related genera, notably Cyclobalanopsis and Lithocarpus. ... Species with pages written Acer campestre - Field Maple Acer grandidentatum - Bigtooth Maple Acer griseum - Paperbark Maple Acer macrophyllum - Bigleaf Maple Acer micranthum - Komine Maple Acer negundo - Manitoba Maple Acer nigrum - Black Maple Acer palmatum - Japanese Maple Acer pensylvanicum - Striped Maple Acer platanoides - Norway Maple Acer pseudoplatanus - Sycamore Maple Acer rubrum... Species See text Hickory is a tree of the genera Carya and Annamocarya. ... The Ozark Mountains near Roaring River State Park on Missouri State Highway 112. ... Binomial name Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) is a large shrub or small tree in the pea family Fabaceae, native to eastern North America from southern Ontario, Canada south to northern Florida, United States. ... Species About 25; see text The Serviceberry (Amelanchier), also known as juneberry, mespilus and shadbush, is a genus if about 25 species of small deciduous trees and large shrubs in the family Rosaceae. ... Binomial name Cornus florida L. The flowering dogwood (Cornus florida or Benthamidia florida) is a showy small tree native to eastern and southeastern North America. ... A riparian zone schematic from the Everglades. ... Binomial name Platanus occidentalis The American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), also known as American plane and Buttonwood, is one of the species of Platanus native to North America, where it is rather confusingly very often just called Sycamore, which can refer to other types of tree. ... OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx Autumn (also fall in North American English) is one of the four temperate seasons, the transition from summer into winter. ... Binomial name Lonicera japonica Thunb. ...

Large onmouseover="pv(event, 269)" onmouseout="unpv(269)" style="">mammals found in the city include urbanized coyotes and ocassionaly a stray whitetail deer. Eastern Gray Squirrel, Cottontail rabbit, and other rodents are abundant, as well as the nocturnal and rarely seen Opossum. Large bird species are abundant in parks and include Canada goose, Mallard duck, as well as shorebirds, including the Great Egret and Great Blue Heron. Gulls are common along the Mississippi River, these species typically follow barge traffic. Winter populations of Bald Eagles are found by the Mississippi River around the Chain of Rocks Bridge. The city is on the Mississippi Flyway, used by migrating birds, and has a large variety of small bird species, common to the eastern U.S. The Eurasian Tree Sparrow, an introduced species, is limited in North America to the counties surrounding Saint Louis. Tower Grove Park is a well-known birdwatching area in the city. Orders Subclass Multituberculata (extinct) Plagiaulacida Cimolodonta Subclass Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Subclass Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Eutheria (includes extinct ancestors)/Placentalia (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia (extinct) Notoungulata (extinct) Perissodactyla Pholidota Plesiadapiformes... Binomial name Canis latrans Say, 1823 The coyote (Canis latrans, meaning barking dog, also prairie wolf[1]) is a member of the Canidae (the dog family) and a relative of the domestic dog. ... ... Binomial name Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 The Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)(Scirius means shade tail and carolinensis means belonging to carolina) is a tree squirrel that is native to the eastern to midwestern United States and the eastern provinces of Canada. ... Species Sylvilagus aquaticus Sylvilagus auduboni Sylvilagus bachmani Sylvilagus brasiliensis Sylvilagus cunicularis Sylvilagus dicei Sylvilagus floridanus Sylvilagus graysoni Sylvilagus insonus Sylvilagus mansuetus Sylvilagus nuttallii Sylvilagus palustris Sylvilagus transitionalis The cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus) are a genus of American lagomorphs in the family Leporidae, in appearance closely similar to the wild European Rabbit... This article or section should be merged with Virginia_opossum The word opossum (usually pronounced without the leading O, or with only a very slight schwa) refers either to the Virginia Opossum in particular, or more generally to any of the other marsupials of magnorder Ameridelphia. ... Binomial name Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies (Dusky Canada Goose) (Vancouver Canada Goose) (Lesser Canada Goose) (Moffitts Canada Goose) (Giant Canada Goose) (Interior Canada Goose) (Atlantic Canada Goose) The Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), colloquially Greater Canada or Canadian Goose in North America, belongs to the Branta genus of geese... This article is about the Mallard duck. ... Families Charadridae Jacanidae Rostratulidae Ibidorhynchidae Recurvirostridae Haematopodidae Scolopacidae Dromadidae Burhinidae Glareolidae Thinocoridae Waders, called Shorebirds in North America (where wader is used to refer to long-legged wading birds such as storks and herons), are members of the order Charadriiformes, excluding the more marine web-footed seabird groups. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Genera Pagophila Larus Rissa Creagus Xema Rhodostethia Gulls are seabirds in the family Laridae and subfamily Lari. ... This article is about the river in the United States. ... Self propelled barge carrying bulk crushed stone A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods. ... Binomial name Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a bird of prey indigenous to North America, most recognizable as the national bird of the United States. ... This article is about the river in the United States. ... The Chain of Rocks Bridge is a 5,350 feet long bridge spanning the Mississippi River on the north edge of St. ... The Mississippi Flyway is a bird migration route that generally follows the Mississippi River in the United States and Mackenzie River in Canada. ... Binomial name Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus, is spread over most of Europe and Siberia, and allied forms occur in other parts of Asia. ... Categories: Stub | Saint Louis, Missouri ...

People and culture

Social changes in the twentieth century influenced radically the sorts of people who exist in Saint Louis now. From 1810, the date of the first Federal census, to 1880, the population totals include with the city of Saint Louis the population of Saint Louis County, which in 1880 was separately enumerated at 31,888 people. 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1910, 687,029 people lived in the city. 125,706 foreign-born people were residents in 1910. 47,765 of those persons were natives of the German Empire. In 1910, 11.3 per cent of the foreign-born people were of Irish nativity, 4.1 percent of English, 12.3 of Russian, 6 of Italian, and 8.8 of Austrian. 43,960 African Americans composed 6.4 per cent of the total population.-1... -1... Flag of the German Empire, 1871â€“1919: black-white-red Coat of arms The term German Empire commonly refers to Germany, from its foundation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ... -1... The English are an ethnic group generally associated with England and the English language. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black), is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ...

Like other large American cities, St. Louis experienced a large population shift to the suburbs in the twentieth century (often termed "white flight"), particularly in the years following the Second World War. It has been suggested that Suburbia be merged into this article or section. ... White flight is a colloquial term for the demographic trend of white people, generally but not always upper and middle class, moving from increasingly and predominantly non-white areas, often from urban cores to nearby suburbs or even to new locales entirely, e. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Populations of city and county: 1810, 5,667; 1820, 10,049; 1830, 14,145; 1840, 35,979; 1850, 104,978; 1860, 190,524; 1870, 351,189. 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Populations of the town itself: in 1799, 925; 1810, 1,400; 1820, 4,000; 1830, 4,977; 1840, 16,469; 1850, 77,860; 1860, 170,773; 1870, 310,864; 1880, 350,518; 1900, 575,238; 1910, 687,029; 1920, 772, 897; 1940, 816,048. 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... -1... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events

Encyclopedia > Saint Louis, Missouri

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