Part of a series of articles on Islam For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ...     History of Islam For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Mosque02. ... The History of Islam involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion and as a social institution. ...

Beliefs and practices

Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Charity • Pilgrimage Aqidah. ... TawÄ«d (also Tawheed,Tauheed and other spellings; Arabic: ‎ ; Turkish: Tevhid) is the Islamic concept of monotheism In Islam, TawhÄ«d means to assert the unity of God. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The shahadah (Arabic:   translit: ) (Turkish: Åžehadet) is the Islamic creed. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ... // This article is about the Islamic tradition. ...

Major figures

Muhammad Household of Muhammad Companions of Muhammad Prophets of Islam This page is a list of Muslims in various professions and fields. ... Muhammad (Arabic ; also Mohammed, Mohamet, and other variants[1] [2] [3]), 570-632 C.E.,[4] [5] was an Arab religious and political leader who established Islam and the Muslim community (Ummah, Arabic: أمة) to whom he preached. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In Islam, the Sahāba (الصحابة) were the companions of the prophet Muhammad. ... Prophets of Islam are human beings who are regarded by Muslims to be prophets. ...

Texts & Laws

Qur'an • Sunnah • Hadith Fiqh • Sharia • Theology // Quran Text Surahs Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir ibn Kathir (by Ibn Kathir) Tafsir al-Tabari (by Tabari) Al Kordobi Tafseer-e-kabir (by Imam Razi) Tafheem-al-Quran (by Maulana Maududi) Sunnah/Hadith Hadith (Traditions of The Prophet) The Siha-e-Sitta al-Bukhari (d. ... The Qurān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran (the traditional term in English), and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ... Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the religious sciences of Islam. ...

Major branches

Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam, also Shiite Islam, or Shiism (Arabic:شيعة, Persian:شیعه translit: ) is a denomination of the Islamic faith. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Societal aspects

Academics • History Philosophy • Science Art • Architecture • Cities Calendar • Holidays • Women Leaders • Politics • Islamism Muslim culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples. ... Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Islamic philosophy (الفلسفة الإسلامية) is a part of the Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ... This is a subarticle to Islamic studies and science. ... Islamic art is the art of Islamic people, cultures, and countries. ... Islamic architecture, a part of the Islamic studies, is the entire range of architecture that has evolved within Muslim culture in the course of the history of Islam. ... // This is a list of cities that various groups regard as holy. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری Gāhshomāri-ye Hejri; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic... Friday is an important day in the life of a Muslim and it is believed that any devotional acts done on this day gain a higher reward. ... Islam considers men and women to be equal by nature. ... Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been persons who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... This article is about political Islamism. ...

See also

Vocabulary of Islam The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ... This box: view • talk • edit

Part of a series on the Islamic creed: Aqidah For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... A creed is a statement or confession of belief — usually religious belief — or faith. ... Aqidah. ...

Sunni Five Pillars of Islam

Shahādah - Profession of faith Salat - Prayer Zakât - Paying of alms (tax) Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca Image File history File links Mosque02. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... The Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to what are understood among many Muslims to be the five core aspects of Sunni Islam. ... The shahadah (Arabic:   translit: ) (Turkish: Åžehadet) is the Islamic creed. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Ramadan. ... Ramadan (in Arabic: رمضان, Ramadhan) – or Ramzan in several countries – is the ninth month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar, established in the year 638. ... // This article is about the Islamic tradition. ... Mecca IPA: or Makkah (in full: Makkah al-Mukarramah; Arabic: ‎, Turkish: Mekke) is the capital city of Saudi Arabias Makkah province, in the historic Hijaz region. ...

Sunni Six articles of belief

Tawhīd - Oneness Nabi and Rusul - Prophets and Messengers Kutub - Divinely Revealed Books. Malā'ikah - Angels Qiyâmah - Judgment Day Qadar - Fate Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Six articles of belief is a set of beliefs enumerated by the Sunnis: The six Sunni articles of belief are: Belief in God (Allah), the one and only one worthy of all worship (tawhid). ... TawhÄ«d (also Tawhid or Tauhid or Tawheed; Arabic توحيد) is the Islamic concept of monotheism, derived from Ahad. ... Nabi can refer to the Arabic and Hebrew word for Prophet the Korean word for butterfly one of the Nabis, a group of artists in Paris in the 1890s the 2005 Typhoon Nabi North American Bus Industries, a major transit bus manufacturing company Nabi Biopharmaceuticals, a Biopharmaceutical company based in... The Quran identifies a number of men as prophets of Islam. ... Islamic holy books are the books the Quran records as dictated by Allah to prophets; they are the Tawrat (Torah), the Zabur (commonly the Psalms), the Injil (commonly the Gospel), and the Quran. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Yawm al-QÄ«yāmah (Arabic: ‎ literally: Day of the Resurrection) is the Arabic name for the Last Judgement. ... Qadar in Arabic means fate or divine destiny. ...

Shia Twelvers Principles of the Religion

Tawhīd - Oneness Adalah - Justice Nubuwwah - Prophethood Imamah - Leadership Qiyâmah - Judgment day Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... Twelvers ( Ithnāˤashariyya) are Shiˤa Muslims who believe there were twelve Imāms. ... In Shia Islam, Theology of Shia (UsÅ«l al-DÄ«n) is the five main beliefs that Shia Muslims must possess. ... TawhÄ«d (also Tawhid or Tauhid or Tawheed; Arabic توحيد) is the Islamic concept of monotheism, derived from Ahad. ... Adalah means Justice and denotes The Justice of God The Shias consider Justice of God as part of Usool-e-Deen (Roots of Religion). ... Nubuwwah means Prophethood and denotes that God has appointed perfect Prophets and Messengers to teach mankind Gods religion. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Yawm al-QÄ«yāmah (Arabic: ‎ literally: Day of the Resurrection) is the Arabic name for the Last Judgement. ...

Shia Twelvers Practices of the Religion

Salat - Prayer Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca Zakât - Poor-rate Khums - One-fifth tax Jihad - Struggle Amr-Bil-Ma'rūf - Commanding good Nahi-Anil-Munkar - Forbidding evil Tawalla - Loving the Ahl al-Bayt Tabarra - Disassociating Ahl al-Bayt's enemies Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... Twelvers ( Ithnāˤashariyya) are Shiˤa Muslims who believe there were twelve Imāms. ... In Shia Islam, the ten Branches of Religion (FurÅ« al-DÄ«n) are the ten practices that Shia Muslims must perform. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Ramadan. ... Ramadan (in Arabic: رمضان, Ramadhan) – or Ramzan in several countries – is the ninth month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar, established in the year 638. ... // This article is about the Islamic tradition. ... Mecca IPA: or Makkah (in full: Makkah al-Mukarramah; Arabic: ‎, Turkish: Mekke) is the capital city of Saudi Arabias Makkah province, in the historic Hijaz region. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ... Khums (derived from the Arabic خمس or five) is a Shia article of faith that refers to a one-fifth tax, which all adult Muslims who are financially secure and have surplus in their income normally have to pay on annual savings, net commercial profits, and all... Jihad, sometimes spelled Jahad, Jehad, Jihaad, Djehad, Jawwad, or Cihad, (Arabic: ‎ ) is an Islamic term, from the Arabic root (to exert utmost effort, to strive, struggle), which connotes a wide range of meanings: anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith to a political or military struggle. ... Amr-Bil-MarÅ«f - Commanding the good, is a part of the Shia Branches of Religion and means to encourage people to do the necesary good in life, when they forget to do so; for example forgeting Salah. ... Nahi-Anil-Munkar - Forbiding evil, is a part of the Shia Branches of Religion and means for example to oppose injustice. ... Tawalla - Loving the Ahl al-Bayt, is a part of the Shia Branches of Religion and is derived from a Quranic verse. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... AS SALAM AU ALIKUM, not to mistaken, this salam was not for shias its only for muslims. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Shia Ismaili 7 pillars

Walayah - Guardianship Taharah - Purity & cleanliness Salat - Prayers Zakât - Purifying religious dues Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad - Struggle Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... The IsmāīlÄ« (Arabic: الإسماعيليون; Persian: اسماعیلیان Esmailiyan) branch of Islam is the second largest Shīˤa community after the Twelvers (Ithnāˤashariyya), who are dominant in Iran. ... Shia Ismaili Seven Pillars of Islam have three doctrines that are not included in the Sunni Five Pillars of Islam: Walayah, Taharah and Jihad. ... Guardianship is a Ismaili and Druze pillar of Islam. ... Purity is a Ismaili pillar of Islam. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Ramadan. ... Ramadan (in Arabic: رمضان, Ramadhan) – or Ramzan in several countries – is the ninth month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar, established in the year 638. ... // This article is about the Islamic tradition. ... Mecca IPA: or Makkah (in full: Makkah al-Mukarramah; Arabic: ‎, Turkish: Mekke) is the capital city of Saudi Arabias Makkah province, in the historic Hijaz region. ... Jihad, sometimes spelled Jahad, Jehad, Jihaad, Djehad, Jawwad, or Cihad, (Arabic: ‎ ) is an Islamic term, from the Arabic root (to exert utmost effort, to strive, struggle), which connotes a wide range of meanings: anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith to a political or military struggle. ...

Others

Salafi/Kharijite Sixth pillar of Islam. This article is on the beliefs of the followers of the Salaf. ... Kharijites were members of an Islamic sect in late 7th and early 8th century AD, concentrated in todays southern Iraq. ... The term Sixth pillar of Islam refers to an addition to the Five Pillars of Islam; the five pillars of Islam explain the basic tenets of the Muslim faith. ... This box: view • talk • edit

Salat (also salah and other spellings) (Arabic: صلاة, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة, Persian: نماز namāz), meaning to pray, or to bless, generally refers to prayers that Muslims offer to God (Arabic:Allah) and most commonly refers to the five daily ritual prayers in Islam. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam, and one of the ten Branches of Religion in Shi'a Islam. As such, it is compulsory (fard) upon every Muslim. It is quite commonly known with the Persian word namāz (نماز) in Iran and Central and South Asian languages such as Urdu, Hindi and Turkic languages. The Arabic language ( ), or simply Arabic ( ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Quranic Arabic refers to the type of Arabic used in the Holy Quran. ... Persian, also called Farsi or Parsi, is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran (Persia), Afghanistan, Tajikistan and by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Allāh is the Arabic language word referring to God, the Lord and, literally according to the Quran, to the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the Abrahamic religions. ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... The Five Pillars of Islam is the term given to what are understood among many Muslims to be the five core aspects of Sunni Islam. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... In Shia Islam, the ten Branches of Religion (FurÅ« al-DÄ«n) are the ten practices that Shia Muslims must perform. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Fard also farida (فرض obligation, duty) is an Islamic Arabic term which denotes a religious duty. ... Persian, also called Farsi or Parsi, is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran (Persia), Afghanistan, Tajikistan and by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hindi (हिन्दी or हिंदी in Devanagari; pronunciation: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ...

Performing salat is the most compulsory act in Islam, after the declaration of faith (shahadah). The shahadah (Arabic:   translit: ) (Turkish: Åžehadet) is the Islamic creed. ...

The salat must be performed in the Arabic language to the best of each worshipper's ability (although the du'a afterwards need not be in Arabic), and are to be recited by heart, although beginners may use written aids. The person performing salah is referred to as a musalleeh مصلى. The Arabic language ( ), or simply Arabic ( ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Dua is an Arabic term which means to call out to summon. Muslims use this term and call out to Allah. ...

All salat should be conducted within their waqt (prescribed time) and with the appropriate number of raka'ah. While they may be prayed at any point within the waqt, it is considered best to pray them exactly at the beginning of their periods, when the call to prayer (adhan) announces the time of prayer. When too far from a mosque to hear a call to prayer, the time may be inferred from the position of the sun in the sky. The Arabic word rakaah (pl. ... Adhan (Azaan) ([]) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. ... The Badshahi Masjid in Lahore, Pakistan with an iwan at center, three domes, and five visible minarets A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...

Etymology

The word 'salat' is from the root Saad-Lam-Waw and has the following meanings, taken from Classical Arabic lexicons (e.g. E. W Lane): prayer, supplication, petition, oration, eulogy, benediction, commendation, blessing, honour, magnify, bring forth, follow closely, walk/follow behind closely, to remain attached, to contact or to be in contact. Its core underlying meaning relevant to all its usage in the Qur'an is to go/turn towards, as mentioned in Qur'an 75:31-2. Tsade (also spelled Tzadi or Sadhe) is the eighteenth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic alphabet . Its value is IPA . ... Lamed or Lamedh is the twelfth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic alphabet . Its value is IPA . ...   Vav or waw is the sixth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic in abjadi order; it is the twenty-seventh in modern Arabic order. ...

Purpose of salat

One of the main purposes of Islamic teachings is to cleanse a soul from immoral and unethical traits. Quran contains teachings from God that specifically address the man keeping this aspect in light, and provide guidance for success in the Hereafter. The purpose of salat is to actually have man stand in front of God, thank and praise Him, and ask for Him to show man the 'right path' (as recited in surat Al-Fatihah which is recited in every prayer). Then, a response is recited from the Quran as a response from God which addresses man's spiritual needs. Primarily, the prayer acts as an individual's communion with God, where he remembers God, supplicates for the right path, and then gets a response from Him to implement in his life. Then he bows and prostrates, signifying his subserviency to God, His commands and His law. Surat Al-Fatiha (The Opening or The Exordium) is the opening chapter of the Quran; it consists of a short 7-verse prayer which Muslims repeat at the beginning of every rakah of salat. ...

In addition, the daily ritual prayers are also to honour and fulfil their 'contract' with God and also serve as a constant reminder to Muslims that they should be grateful for God's blessings. It ensures that every Muslim prioritises Islam over all other concerns, thereby revolving their life around God and submitting to His will. Prayer also serves as a formal method of God's remembrance.

Consequently, the purpose of the salat can be summarised as:

• To feel a fear in the heart (for the consequences of violating the commands of God); (and as a result)
• To make the heart humble and submissive to the commands of God; and
• To get the faith strengthened.

For instance, Quran says:

"The true believers are those who feel a fear in their hearts (of the consequences of violating the commands of God) when God is mentioned. And when His Revelations are recited to them, they find their faith strengthened. They do their best and then put their trust in their Lord.[8:2] Whose hearts are filled with fear (of the consequences of violating the commands of God) when God is mentioned..." [22:35]

The prayer is mentioned in the Qur'an as a means to keep the believer safe from social wrong and moral deviancy (ref. Qur'an 29:45).

Types of salat

Prayers are generically classified as compulsory and optional. A more precise division consists of classifying salat into four types: fard, wajib, sunnah and nafl. ^{[citation needed]}

• Fard salat are compulsory and denial of which renders one a non-Muslim.
• Wajib salat are compulsory and denial of which renders one a sinner.
• Sunnah salat are optional and were those practised by the prophet Muhammad in addition to the Fard salat and the Wajib salat.
• Nafl salat are optional and regarded as extra prayers which bring more reward.

Fard salat

The fard salat are the five daily prayers, the Friday prayer and the funeral prayer. Fard prayers are further classed as fard al-ayn (obligation of the self) and fard al-kifayah (obligation of sufficiency). The first means obligatory on each individual, and the second means obligatory on the Muslim community so that if some people carry it out no Muslim is considered blameworthy - but if no one carries it out all incur a collective guilt.

The five daily prayers

Muslims are commanded to perform salat fives times a day. These prayers are obligatory on every Muslim above the age of puberty, with the exception being those who are mentally ill, too physically ill for it to be possible, menstruating, or experiencing post-partum bleeding. Those who are ill or otherwise physically unable to offer their prayers in the traditional form are permitted to offer their prayers while sitting or laying, as they are able.

Some Muslims offer Sunnah prayers in addition to the fard prayer. Shia refer to these prayers done immediately before or after the fard prayers as nafil, or nawafil, prayers and perform them in sets of two raka'ah. The number of raka'ah (prayer units) for each of the five obligatory prayers as well as the sunnah prayers are listed below: This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Fard also farida (فرض obligation, duty) is an Islamic Arabic term which denotes a religious duty. ... The Arabic word rakaah (pl. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

¹Prayed daily by the prophet Muhammad The Fajr prayer is the dawn daily prayer recited by practicing Muslims. ... Dawn or civil dawn is the time at which the Sun is 6 degrees below the horizon in the morning. ... The Rayleigh effect, seconds before sunrise in New Zealand Sunrise, also called sunup in some American English dialects, is the time at which the first part of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. ... The Dhuhr prayer (dh pronounced as th in Thou, or simplified to zo) is the mid-day or noon daily prayer recited by practising Muslims. ... The Asr prayer is the afternoon prayer recited by practising Muslims. ... Maghrib is an Arabic term for of the setting (sun); from the root ghuroob (to set; to be hidden). It is also used in a manner similar to the metaphorical use of to be eclipsed, which is used in the English language. ... A composite image showing the terminator dividing night from day, running across Europe and Africa. ... Dusk in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana, USA. Dusk or civil dusk is the time at which the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon in the evening. ... The Isha (Arabic: ‎) prayer is the night-time daily prayer recited by practising Muslims. ... Witr is an optional Muslim prayer yet that can be said at night between Ishaa (night) and Fajr (morning) prayers. ... Muhammad (Arabic ; also Mohammed, Mohamet, and other variants[1] [2] [3]), 570-632 C.E.,[4] [5] was an Arab religious and political leader who established Islam and the Muslim community (Ummah, Arabic: أمة) to whom he preached. ...

²Replaced by Jumu'ah on Fridays. Jumuah (also known as Friday prayer) is a congregational salat (prayer) that Muslims hold every Friday, just after noon. ...

³According to Imam Abu Hanifa, 'Asr starts when the shadow of an object becomes twice its height (plus the length of its shadow at the start time of Dhuhr). For the rest of Imams, 'Asr starts when the shadow of an object becomes equal to its length (plus the length of its shadow at the start time of Dhuhr). 'Asr ends as the sun begins to set. Imam Abu Hanifa Númān ibn Thābit(699 - 765) was an important Islamic scholar and jurist and is considered the founder of the Hanafi school of fiqh. ...

⁴It is preferred to pray before midnight but is valid till the Fajr time starts. According to Shi'a Imams, it is valid at any time after the Maghrib prayer has been validly performed and ends at the time for the Fajr prayer.

Optional prayers can be offered at any time during the day, except at sunrise, true noon, and sunset. The prohibition against salawāt at these times is to prevent the appearance of sun-worship. The Rayleigh effect, seconds before sunrise in New Zealand Sunrise, also called sunup in some American English dialects, is the time at which the first part of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. ... Noon is the time exactly halfway through the day, written 12:00 in the 24-hour clock and 12:00 noon (or PM) in the 12-hour clock. ... A composite image showing the terminator dividing night from day, running across Europe and Africa. ...

Jumu'ah

Main article: Jumu'ah

Salat al-Jumu'ah is a congregational prayer performed on Friday and which replaces the Dhuhr prayer. As such , it is sometimes referred to as the 'Friday prayer' in some countries. It consists of a sermon (khutba) given by the khatib after which 2 rakahs are performed. Jumuah (also known as Friday prayer) is a congregational salat (prayer) that Muslims hold every Friday, just after noon. ...

Janazah

Main article: Salatul janazah

Salat al-Janazah is a funeral prayer. It is classed as fard kifayah. Salatul Janazah is a prayer carried out for Muslims at Islamic funerals, after the wrapping of the body and before the procession. ... Fard also farida (فرض obligation, duty) is an Islamic Arabic term which denotes a religious duty. ...

Exceptional circumstances

Qada

In certain circumstances one may be unable to perform one's prayer within the prescribed time period (waqt). In this case, the prayer must be performed as soon as one is able to do so. These prayers performed after the prescribed waqt are called qada. It is not permissible to deliberately miss performing the salat within its waqt with the intention of performing it afterwards.

Qasr and jama

When travelling over long distances, one may shorten some prayers, a practice known as qasr. Furthermore, several prayer times may be joined, which is referred to as jama. Qasr involves shortening the obligatory components of the Dhuhr, Asr and Isha prayers to two rakaat. Jama combines either the Dhuhr and Asr prayers into one prayer offered between noon and sunset or Maghrib and Isha between sunset and Fajr. Neither qasr nor jama can be applied to the Fajr prayer. The Fajr prayer is the dawn daily prayer recited by practicing Muslims. ...

Wajib salat

The wajib salat are considered compulsory in the sense that denial of which renders one a sinner (including Muslims).

Witr

Main article: Witr

Witr salah is performed after the salah of 'Isha. Some Muslims consider Witr wajib while others consider it optional. It may contain any odd number of raka'ah from one to eleven according to the different madha'ib. However, Witr is most commonly offered with three raka'ah. It is preferable to perform Witr in the latter part of the night, but it is much better to perform it at the beginning of the night than not at all. Witr is an optional Muslim prayer yet that can be said at night between Ishaa (night) and Fajr (morning) prayers. ... The Arabic word rakaah (pl. ...

During a three-raka'ah Witr prayer, it is recommended ^{[citation needed]} that the sura following Sura al-Fatiha be Sura al-Ala. In the second rak'ah, it is preferred that that sura be Sura Al-Kafirun while in the third raka'ah, one of the last three chapters of the Qur'an is recommended. Before going to ruk'u in the third raka'ah, the Muslim should offer an extra takbir and du'a while standing. Sura (sometimes referred to as Surah) ( ) is an Arabic term literally meaning picture, evidence, or proof. ... Surat Al-Fatiha (The Opening or The Exordium) is the opening chapter of the Quran; it consists of a short 7-verse prayer which Muslims repeat at the beginning of every rakah of salat. ... Surat Al-Ala (The Most High, Glory To Your Lord In The Highest) is the 87th sura of the Quran with 19 ayat. ... The 109th Sura of the Quran. ... Ruku is the bowing performed during Muslim prayer. ... For other usages of the phrase Allahu Akbar, see Allahu Akbar (disambiguation). ... Supplication (also known as petitioning) is the most common form of prayer, wherein a person asks a supernatural deity to provide something, either for the person who is praying or for someone else on whose behalf a prayer of supplication is being made. ...

To End prayers for the night after 'Isha, the odd numbered rak'ah must have the niyaat of "Wajib-ul-Lail", which is mandatory close ones salat for that day

Eid

Eid salat is performed on the morning of Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha. The Eid prayer is most likely an individual obligation (fard ayn), though some Islamic scholars argue it is only a collective obligation (fard kifayah) [1]. It consists of two raka'ah, with seven takbirs offered before the start of the first raka'ah and five takbirs offered before the second. Unlike with Jumu'ah prayers, the khutbah (or sermon) is offered after salat [2]. However, the khutbah is not an integral part of the Eid salat [3]. The Eid prayer must be offered between sunrise and true noon, or between the time periods for fajr and dhuhr, respectively. Eid ul-Fitr (Arabic: عيد الفطر, Persian: عید فطر), often abbreviated as simply Eid, sometimes spelled Eid al-Fitr, is an Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. ... Eid ul-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى), (Persian: عید قربان) occurs on the tenth day of the Islamic month of Dhul Hijja. ... The Arabic word rakaah (pl. ... This article is about Islamic religious phrase God is most great. For other usages, see Allahu Akbar (disambiguation). ... This article is about Islamic religious phrase God is most great. For other usages, see Allahu Akbar (disambiguation). ... Jumuah (also known as Friday prayer) is a congregational salat (prayer) that Muslims hold every Friday, just after noon. ... Khutba is an Islamic sermon delivered after or before Salah. ... The Rayleigh effect, seconds before sunrise in New Zealand Sunrise, also called sunup in some American English dialects, is the time at which the first part of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. ... The Fajr prayer is the dawn daily prayer recited by practicing Muslims. ... The Dhuhr prayer (dh pronounced as th in Thou, or simplified to zo) is the mid-day or noon daily prayer recited by practising Muslims. ...

Sunnah salat

Main article: Sunnah salat

Sunnah prayers are those that are performed to emulate the practices of Prophet Muhammad. Sunni Muslims also perform sunnah prayers for extra reward. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ...

While nafl salat may be performed at almost any time of the day, certain Sunnah prayers have prescribed waqts associated with them. Those ordained for before the fard prayers must be performed between the call to prayer (adhan) and the start of the iqamah, while those ordained for after the fard prayers can be performed any time between the end of the fard prayers and the end of the current prayer's waqt. Any amount of extra raka'ah may be offered, but most madhabs prescribe a certain number of raka'ah for each Sunnah salah. Adhan (Azaan) ([]) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. ... The word iqama (Arabic: إقامة) refers to the second call to Islamic Prayer, given immediately before the prayer begins. ... The Arabic word rakaah (pl. ...

Nafl salat

Main article: Nafl salat

Nafl (supererogatory) prayers are numerous which one can offer, as many as he or she likes almost any time. They cannot be offered at sunrise, true noon, or sunset because of the practice of sun-worship, which is regarded in Islam as a form of idolatry. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Supererogatory, in ethics, indicates an act that is good but not morally required to be done. ... The Rayleigh effect, seconds before sunrise in New Zealand Sunrise, also called sunup in some American English dialects, is the time at which the first part of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. ... Noon is the time exactly through the day, written 12:00 in the 24-hour clock and 12:00 noon in the 12-hour clock. ... A composite image showing the terminator dividing night from day, running across Europe and Africa. ...

Preparation for salat

Cleanliness and Dress

When praying, a musalleeh's clothes and the place of prayer must be clean. Men and women each are directed to cover their bodies in reasonably loose-fitting garments, with women covering all but their faces, hands, and sometimes feet, and men covering at least from their navels to their knees, with preference given to covering their chests and to above their ankles. In accordance with tradition, many men choose to wear a kufi cap or other headcovering for prayer. A kufi is a short rounded cap, traditionally worn by Muslims, although within the US it has become more commonly identified with persons of African descent, who wear it to show pride in their history and their religion. ...

Ritual ablution

Main articles: Wudu, Tayammum, and Ghusl

Prayer can only be conducted after a Muslim has performed wudu (ritual ablution). In wudu, Sunni Muslims wash their hands, teeth, faces, noses, arms, hair, ears and feet three times in a particular order. Shi'a Muslims first wash their faces, then their arms, and then wipe their heads and feet with the moisture on their hands. If a Muslim has had sexual intercourse, ejected semen, or is new to the faith, he or she must perform ghusl, a full-body cleansing. People washing before prayer at the Badshahi mosque in Lahore, Pakistan Wudu (often translated as ablution) is the Muslim act of washing parts of the body, in clean water, as a part of the preparation for ritual worship, Salah. ... Tayammum refers to the dry ablution, in Islam, which may be performed in place of wudu, if no clean water is available. ... Ghusl (غسل) is an Arabic term referring to the full Ablution in Islam. ... Ablution may refer to the practice of removing sins or diseases through the use of ritual washing, or the practice of using ritual washing as one part of a ceremony to remove sin or disease. ...

When no water is available for performing ablutions, clean sand may be used in its place (this type of cleansing is known as tayammum). If the ablutions were performed using water, the Muslim is considered to have cleansed him or herself from the physical manifestations of sin in a lasting fashion that extends between prayers; unless the Muslim does something to remove this cleanliness, the cleansing would not need to be repeated before the next prayer. When sand is used, the cleansing is only temporary and regardless of whether or not the Muslim commits any physical acts of uncleanliness he or she will need to undergo the ceremonial cleansing immediately before the next prayer.

Performing salat

Muslims performing salah

Once the time for salat has begun and the call to prayer given, a Muslim performs salat by reciting various verses of the Qur'an coupled with supplications praising God whilst prostrating in various positions. A musalleeh must perform these actions with sincere devotion (khushoo), otherwise the salat is considered invalid (see section below). The details of the actions are now given. Faithful praying towards Makkah; Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. ... Faithful praying towards Makkah; Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. ...

A musalleeh begins the prayer by standing and facing the direction of the Qibla and making niyyah (the - typically non-verbal - intention to pray). He raises his hands and speaks aloud a phrase called the takbir: Facing the Qibla at a prayer in Damascus The geometrical calculation of Qibla Qibla () is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays. ... Niyyah is an intent one evokes in his heart to do an act of worship for the sake of Allah (God). ... This article is about Islamic religious phrase God is most great. For other usages, see Allahu Akbar (disambiguation). ...

"God is the greatest"

الله اكبر الله اكبر

Allahu akbar

At the beginning of each raka'ah, the first chapter of the Qur'an, Sura al-Fatihah, is recited. The Arabic word rakaah (pl. ... Sura (sometimes referred to as Surah) ( ) is an Arabic term literally meaning picture, evidence, or proof. ... The Qurān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran (the traditional term in English), and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... Surat Al-Fatiha (The Opening or The Exordium) is the opening chapter of the Quran; it consists of a short 7-verse prayer which Muslims repeat at the beginning of every rakah of salat. ...

"In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful:"	بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيم	Bismillah ar-rahmaan ar-raheem
"Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds,"	ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِين	Al-hamdu lillahi rabb al-alameen
"The Beneficent, the Merciful,"	ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيم	Ar-rahmaan ar-raheem'
"Master of the day of judgment"	مَـٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّين	Ma[a]liki yawm ad-deen
"You (alone) do we worship, and you (alone) we ask for help;"	إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ	Iyyaaka naabudu wa iyyaaka nastaeen
"Show us the straight path"	ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَ ٰط ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ	Ihdina s-siraata l-mustaqeem
"The path of those You bestowed favor upon, not anger upon, and not of those who go astray."	صِرَ ٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ ٱلضَّاۤلِّينَ	Siraata l-latheena anamta alaihim ghair al-mughdoobi alaihim wa la daaleen

During the first two raka'ah, and following the recitation of al-Fatihah, any other chapter or several verses of the Qur'an are additionally recited. The Muslim then bows at the waist into ruk'u, repeating the takbir, and once in ruk'u says at least three times (or more in odd number): The Qurān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran (the traditional term in English), and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... Ruku is the bowing performed during Muslim prayer. ...

"Glory be to my Lord, the Supreme."

Subhaana rabbiy al-‘azheem

The Muslim then returns to a standing position, saying:

"May God hear the one who praises Him."	Sami‘a-llaahu liman hamidah
"Our Lord, for You is all praise"	Rabbanaa wa laka-l-hamd.

and subsequently prostrates into sajdah, placing his forehead, nose, hands, knees, and toes on the floor, while once again repeating the takbir. Once in sajdah the worshipper says at least three times (or more in odd number): A salute is a gesture or other action used to indicate respect. ...

"Glory to my Lord the Most High"

Subhaana rabbiy al-alaa

(Note: You may make a small supplication while your head is prostrated.)

After returning to a upright sitting position momentarily, he again repeats the act and words of going into sajadah, to complete one raka'ah.

After one raka'ah is complete, the worshipper returns to a standing position, again repeating the takbir, and begins another raka'ah. After every two raka'ah he returns to an upright sitting position and says the first portion of the tashahhud: This article is about Islamic religious phrase God is most great. For other usages, see Allahu Akbar (disambiguation). ... The Arabic word rakaah (pl. ... The Tashahhud is the portion of Salat where the Muslim points in the direction of Mecca, the Qibla, and recites: Category: ...

"All glorification is for God. All acts of good deeds and worship are for Him."	At-tahiyaatu lillaahi wa-s-salawaatu wa tayyibaat.
"Peace and the mercy and blessings of God be upon you, O Prophet."	As-salaamu ‘alayka ayyuha-n-nabiyyu wa rahmatu-llaahi wa barakaatuh.
"Peace be upon us and all of God’s righteous servants."	As-salaamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ibadillaahi-s-saaliheen.
"I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His Servant and Messenger."	Ash-hadu an laa ilaha illaa-llaahu, wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduho wa rasooluhu.

After all raka'ah are completed, the worshipper completes the tashahhud

"O God, exalt Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You exalted Abraham and the family of Abraham. Verily You are full of praise and majesty."	Allaahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala aali Muhammadin kamaa sallayta ‘ala Ibraheema wa ‘ala aali Ibraheem. Innaka hameedun majeed.
"O God, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You blessed Abraham and the family of Abraham. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty."	Allaahumma baarik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala aali Muhammadin kamaa baarakta ‘ala Ibraheem wa ‘ala aali Ibraheem. Innaka hameedun majeed.

To conclude the prayer, the Muslim turns their face first toward his right shoulder and then toward his left shoulder, each time saying the taslim (salutation) to the (right shoulder) angel that takes notes of your good deeds and (left shoulder) angel that takes notes of your evil deeds:

"Peace be on you and the mercy of God."

السلام عليكم ورحمة ال

As-salaamu ‘alaekum wa rahmatullah.

Supplications after salat

Main article: Du'a

Shi'a Muslims end the session by reciting takbir three times. Dua is an Arabic term which means to call out to summon. Muslims use this term and call out to Allah. ... This article is about Islamic religious phrase God is most great. For other usages, see Allahu Akbar (disambiguation). ...

In either case, Muslims will oftentimes, offer a supplication (du'a). This supplication, which essentially gives Muslims an opportunity to ask God for forgiveness and blessings, can be offered in any language.

Prayer in congregation

Muslim men are required to perform the fard salat in congregation (jama'ah), behind an imam. Jama'ah prayer is considered better and has more social and spiritual benefit than individual prayer. According to most Islamic scholars, performing salat in congregation is a confirmed sunnah, thus obligatory for men, but is not required of or forbidden for women. Fard also farida (فرض obligation, duty) is an Islamic Arabic term which denotes a religious duty. ... A congregation is the group of members who make up a local Christian church or Jewish synagogue (or those who are present at a service thereat), as opposed to the building itself. ... Imam (Arabic: إمام ,Persian: امام ) is an Arabic word meaning leader. ...

When the worshippers consist of men and women combined, one man is chosen as the imam. In this situation, women are typically forbidden from performing this role. This point, though unanimously agreed on by the major schools of Islam, is disputed by some groups, based partly on a hadith whose interpretation is controversial; see Women as imams. When the worshippers are entirely women, one woman is chosen as imam. When men, women, and children are praying, the children's rows have traditionally been between the men's and women's rows, with the men at the front. Another common configuration is where the men's and women's rows are side by side, separated by a curtain or other barrier, with the primary intention being for there to be no direct line of sight between male and female worshippers, following a Qur'anic injunction toward men and women each lowering their gazes. The main idea behind this is that there remains no direct line-of-sight between the men and women, following an injunction from the Qur'an 24:30-31. However, in recent times, particularly in the West, the level of enforcement of such tradition has been widely varied. Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ... There is a current controversy among Muslims on the circumstances in which women may act as imams—that is, lead a congregation in salat (prayer). ...

The person chosen to be an imam may be a scholar, or the one who has the best knowledge of the Qur'an. The Qurān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran (the traditional term in English), and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ...

In moderate to large congregations, the imam is usually a hafiz and in the first row behind the imam, there should preferably be at least one hafiz. This is so that if the imam makes a mistake in verse reciting, then someone is available to correct him. For other uses, see Hafiz (disambiguation). ...

If the imam accidentally omits a raka'at, then any member of the congregation can indicate this omission to the imam.

Invalidation of prayer

Certain actions are not permissible during salat and these render the salat invalid.

• Any action which causes the Wudu to break (for example: flatulence - passing gas)

• Turning away from the Qiblah to a large extent

• Presence of Najaasah (impurity) on one's clothes, body or place where he/she is praying. If one does not find out about it until after the prayer, the prayer is still valid; an example of this would be if the person behind you had recently had a nosebleed and accidentally sneezed blood on one's clothes.

• Excessive continuous movement during the prayer for no essential reason

• Not keeping the correct posture at any one time (omitting ruku for example)

• Carrying out any action which would lead another person to think one is not praying

• Deliberately omitting one of the obligatory parts of the recitations during prayer

• Laughing out loud or speaking (unless by accident)

• Eating or drinking

• Murtad or apostacy

• the absence of Al-Fatihah recitation during prayer
• the revealing of aurah (the private parts either of a man or a woman; the private parts does not mean the genital parts but it cover the entire part for a man starting from the upper navel till the lower part of one knees while for a woman it covers from head to toes except for the face and the two palms)

A nosebleed or nose bleed, medically known as epistaxis, is the relatively common occurrence of hemorrhage (bleeding) from the nose, usually noticed when it drains out through the nostrils. ... Apostasy (Greek απο, apo, away, apart, στασις, stasis, standing) is the formal renunciation of ones religion. ... Surat Al-Fatiha (The Opening or The Exordium) is the opening chapter of the Quran; it consists of a short 7-verse prayer which Muslims repeat at the beginning of every rakah of salat. ...

Missed Prayers

A few early scholars including Ibn Taymiyyah viewed that missed prayers do not need to be made up, since the person has become an apostate by intentionally missing the prayer and just as a kafir is not required to make up prayers when he enters Islam, neither is an apostate. This stance has not been used as the official position in any madhhab at any time, rather it seems to be a personal opinion that some scholars held. ^[1]. Abu al-Abbas Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Abd al-Salaam ibn Abdullah ibn Taymiya al-Harrani (أبو عباس تقي الدين أحمد بن عبد السلام بن &#1593... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Madhhab (Arabic مذهب pl. ...

External links

• How to pray according to Qur'an alone
• How to pray according to Shi'a Ja'fari School of law
• Pray In Time information center Prayer times in every area all over the world
• Islamic Finder Prayer times from around the world
• Islamic Prayer Times Search and PHP Scripts
• Fiqh of Salahfrom StudentofKnowledge.com
• Significance of Prayer
• Salah according to Five Islamic Schools of Law
• The Disciplines of the Prayer by Shi'a Imam Khomeini
• An Understanding of 'salat' from Al Quran
• Islam-USA.com: Beginners' Guide To Performing Islamic Prayers
• Taraweeh and Witr
• Eid and Fasts of Shawwal
• ABOUT "NAFIL" PRAYERS
• The Fiqh of Voluntary (Nafl) Prayers
• Information on Types of Salat
• Information on Salat
• Classification of salat
• Movie of performing the prayer
• Salat (prayer)
• Dictionary of Islamic Philosophy
• philosophy
• Basic Islamic Studies I
• Dictionary
• Prayer Times For 6 Million Cities Worldwide
• Authentic Articles and Books Collection on Salah - Excellent and Exhuastive Collection !!
• Prayer Times

References

• Research into exercise and salat