| Seven Years' War: European theatre Frederick II of Denmark attacking Ãlvsborg, 1563 The Northern Seven Years War (also known as the Nordic Seven Years War, the First Northern War or the Seven Years War in Scandinavia) was the war between Sweden and a coalition of Denmark-Norway, Lubeck and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, fought between 1563...
Combatants Korea under the Joseon Dynasty, China under the Ming Dynasty, Jianzhou Jurchens Japan under Toyotomi Hideyoshi Commanders Korea King Seonjo Crown Prince Gwanghae Yi Sun-sinâ , Gwon Yul, Yu Seong-ryong, Yi Eok-giâ , Won Gyunâ , Kim Myeong-won, Yi Il, Sin Ripâ , Gwak Jae-u, Kim Si-min...
Image File history File links Kunersdorff. ...
The battle of Kunersdorf was fought on August 23, 1759 during the Seven Years War near Kunersdorf, east of Frankfurt an der Oder. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...
North American redirects here. ...
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. ...
The Treaty of Hubertusburg, signed on 15 February 1763, together with the Treaty of Paris signed on 10 February 1763, marked the end of the French and Indian War and of the Seven Years War. ...
Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France - Royal Control 1655 - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760 - Treaty...
Silesia (English pronunciation [], Czech: ; German: ; Latin: ; Polish: ; Silesian: Ålůnsk) is a historical region in central Europe, located along the upper and middle Oder River, upper Vistula River, and along the Sudetes, Carpathian (Silesian Beskids) mountain range. ...
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Anthem PreuÃenlied, Heil dir im Siegerkranz (both unofficial) The Kingdom of Prussia at its greatest extent, at the time of the formation of the German Empire, 1871 Capital Berlin Government Monarchy King - 1701 â 1713 Frederick I (first) - 1888 â 1918 William II (last) Prime minister - 1848 Adolf Heinrich von Arnim...
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For an explanation of terms such as Scotland, Wales, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom, see British Isles (terminology). ...
British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England before the 1707 Acts of Union created the Kingdom of Great Britain) began in the late 16th century, before reaching its peak after colonies were established throughout the Americas, and a protectorate was established in Hawaii. ...
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Capital Hanover Head of State King of Hanover Hanover (German: Hannover) is a historical territory in todays Germany. ...
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For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ...
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Anthem: O Hino da Carta (from 1834) The Kingdom of Portugal in 1561 Capital Lisbon¹ Language(s) Portuguese Religion Roman Catholic Government Monarchy King - 1139-1185 Afonso I - 1908-1910 Manuel II History - Established 26 July, 1139 - Peninsular War 1808-1814 - Brazilian suzerainty 1815 - Brazilian independence October 12, 1822 - Revolution...
Image File history File links Wappen_Braunschweig. ...
Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ...
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Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel in German) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. ...
This article is about the medieval empire. ...
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For the administrative and social structures of early modern France, see Ancien Régime in France. ...
For the French colonial postage stamps, see French Colonies. ...
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The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ...
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The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Image File history File links Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 1738-1848 Flag drawn by Jaume Ollé, from [Flags Of The World website] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Capital Naples Government Monarchy King - 1285-1309 Charles II - 1815-1816 Ferdinand I History - Established 1285 - Union with Sicily 1816 The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of southern Italy after of the secession...
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Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont with Savoy, Nice, and Sardinia in the inset. ...
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Frederick II (German: ; January 24, 1712 â August 17, 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740â1786) from the Hohenzollern dynasty. ...
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Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz Friedrich Wilhelm, Freiherr von Seydlitz (February 3, 1721 - August 27, 1773), Prussian soldier, one of the greatest cavalry generals of history, was born at Kalkar in the duchy of Cleves, where his father, a major of Prussian cavalry, was stationed. ...
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John Manners, Marquess of Granby (1721 - October 18, 1770), British soldier, was the eldest son of the 3rd Duke of Rutland. ...
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Edward Boscawen (August 10, 1711 - January 10, 1761) was a British (Cornish) admiral. ...
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Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, meeting with Mir Jafar after Plassey, by Francis Hayman Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive of Plassey, KB (29 September 1725 - 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was the soldier of fortune and commander who established the military supremacy of the...
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Major General Wolfe. ...
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Jeffrey Amherst, painted by Joshua Reynolds in 1765 Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, or Jeffrey, he himself spelled his name as Jeffery) (January 29, 1717 â August 3, 1797) served as an officer in the British Army. ...
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Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick This article is about Frederick the Greats field marshal. ...
Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Fürst von Thiano (Count Leopold Joseph von Daun or Dhaun) (September 24, 1705 â February 5, 1766), Prince of Thiano, Austrian field marshal, was born at Vienna. ...
Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy or Lascy (English: Count Francis Morris von Lacy, Russian: Boris Petrovich Lassi), (October 21, 1725 â November 24, 1801), Austrian field marshal, was born at St Petersburg. ...
Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (December 12, 1712 â July 4, 1780) was the son of Leopold Joseph, Duke of Lorraine. ...
Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon (or Loudon) (February 2, 1717 in Tootzen, Livonia, now Tootsi, Estonia â July 14, 1790 in Nový JiÄÃn, now Czech Republic) was Austrian field marshal. ...
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Louis XV, called the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé) (February 15, 1710 â May 10, 1774), ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1715 until his death. ...
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Portrait of Montcalm Image of Montcalm leading his troops by Toronto printer Ralph Clark Stone. ...
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Charles van Loo. ...
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Count Pyotr Semyonovich Saltykov (Russian: ) (1697 - 1772) was a Russian statesman and a military figure, adjutant general (1762), son of Semyon Saltykov. ...
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Reign From 1734 until October 5, 1763 Elected In 1734 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 17, 1734 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents August II Mocny ? Consorts Marie Josepha Children Frederick Christian Date of Birth October 7, 1696 Place of...
| | Minorca – Lobositz – Reichenberg – Prague – Kolín – Hastenbeck – Gross-Jägersdorf – Moys – Rossbach – Breslau – Leuthen – Krefeld – Domstadtl – Zorndorf – Saint Cast – Tornow – Hochkirch – Bergen – Kay – Minden – Kunersdorf – Hoyerswerda – Maxen – Meissen – Landeshut – Emsdorf – Warburg – Liegnitz – Kloster Kampen – Torgau – Villinghausen – Kolberg – Wilhelmstahl - Burkersdorf – Lutterberg – Freiberg | | Seven Years' War in North America: The French and Indian War The naval Battle of Minorca took place on May 20, 1756, at the opening of the Seven Years War in the European theatre, shortly after the Kingdom of Great Britain had declared war on the House of Bourbon, off the Mediterranean island of Minorca between British and French squadrons. ...
The Battle of Lobositz was a battle fought on October 1, 1756 during the Seven Years War. ...
The Battle of Reichenberg was a battle of the Seven Years War, fought on April 21, 1757 near the village of Liberec (German Reichenberg) in Bohemia. ...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders King Frederick the Great Charles of Lorraine Reichsgraf von Browne Strength 65,000 62,000 Casualties 14,300 8,800 The Battle of Prague (in the Czech Republic known as the Battle of Å tÄrboholy) was a battle fought on May 6, 1757 during the Seven...
Combatants Electorate of Hanover (controlled by Britain) France Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Louis Charles dEstrées Strength 35,000 infantry and cavalry 28 heavy guns and mortars 50,000 infantry 10,000 cavalry 68 heavy guns and mortars Casualties 1,300 2,600 The Battle of Hastenbeck...
The Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf was a battle fought on August 30, 1757 during the Seven Years War. ...
The battle of Moys was a battle fought on September 7, 1757 during the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Prussia France Holy Roman / Austrian Empire Commanders Frederick II Charles, prince de Soubise Joseph Frederick William, duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen Strength 22,000 79 guns 42,000 45 guns Casualties 169 dead, 379 wounded 5,000 dead or wounded 5,000 captured The Battle of Rossbach (November 5, 1757...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders August Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick-Bevern Prince Charles of Lorraine Strength 28,000 men 84,000 men Casualties 6,000 men 5,000 men The Battle of Breslau was a battle fought on November 22, 1757 during the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders Frederick the Great Charles of Lorraine Strength 39,000 167 guns 58,500 210 guns Casualties 1,141 dead 5118 wounded 85 captured 3000 dead 7,000 wounded 12,000 captured 51 flags 116 cannons The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5...
{{Battlebox|campaign=Seven Years War: European |image= |caption= |battle_name=Battle of Krefeld |colour_scheme=background:#cccccc |conflict=Seven Years War |date=June 23, 1758 |place=Krefeld |result=Hessian / Brunswicker / Hanoverian victory |combatant1=[[Hesse-kassel], [Brunswick] and Hanover |combatant2=France |commander1=Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick |commander2=Le Comte de Clermont |strength1=ca...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders Hans Joachim von Zieten Ernst Gideon von Laudon and Joseph von Siskovits Strength 30,000 12,000 Casualties 2,000 dead, wounded or missing, 1,450 captured 600 dead or wounded The Battle of Domstadtl (Domašov) was a battle between Austrian and Prussian troops at...
The Battle of Zorndorf was a battle fought on August 25, 1758 during the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Prussia Sweden Commanders General von Wedel Strength 6,000 600 Casualties unknown unknown The Battle of Tornow was part of the Seven Years War and was fought between the forces of Prussia and Sweden on September 26, 1758. ...
The Battle of Hochkirch was a battle fought on October 14, 1758 during the Seven Years War. ...
The Battle of Kay was a battle fought on July 23, 1759 during the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Great Britain, Hanover, Kingdom of Prussia France Commanders Prince Ferdinand Louis Georges Ãrasme de Contades Strength 60,500 56,000 Casualties 2,800 10,000-11,000 The Battle of Minden was a battle fought on August 1, 1759 during the Seven Years War. ...
The battle of Kunersdorf was fought on August 23, 1759 during the Seven Years War near Kunersdorf, east of Frankfurt an der Oder. ...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders Prince Henry of Prussia General Wehla Strength ? 3,000 Casualties minimal 600 dead 1,800 captured The Battle of Hoyerswerda was a minor encounter of the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Austria Prussia Commanders Leopold Josef Graf Daun Friedrich August von Finck Strength 42,000 14,000 Casualties ? 14,000 The Battle of Maxen was a battle fought on November 21, 1759 during the Seven Years War at Maxen in Saxony in present-day Germany. ...
The battle of Meissen was an engagement fought on December 4, 1759 during the Seven Years War between a Prussian and an Austrian army. ...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders General Fouqué General von Laudon Strength 12,000 men 28,000 men The Battle of Landeshut was an engagement fought on June 23, 1760 during the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Great Britain Hanover Hesse France Commanders Prince of Hesse-Kassel Marshal Glaubitz Strength 3,000 3,000 Casualties 186 >2,600 The Battle of Emsdorf was fought on 1760-07-14 during the Seven Years War at Emsdorf in present-day Hesse, Germany, between Allied forces of British, Hanoverian...
The battle of Warburg was a battle fought on August 1, 1760 during the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders Frederick the Great Ernst von Laudon Strength 30,000 25,000 (80,000 reinforcements under von Daun never engaged) The Battle of Liegnitz (August 15, 1760) saw Frederick the Greats Prussian Army defeat the Austrian army under Ernst von Laudon. ...
Combatants Great Britain Prussia Hanover Brunswick Hesse France Commanders Prince of Brunswick Lieutenant General the Marquis de Castries Strength 20,000 25,000 Casualties 1,615 3,213 The Battle of Kloster Kampen was fought on 1760-10-15 during the Seven Years War between on one side British, Prussian...
The Battle of Torgau (Germany) was a battle fought on November 3, 1760 during the Seven Years War on the Süptitzer Höhen. ...
Combatants Great Britain, Hanover, Prussia France Commanders Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick Duc de Broglie and Prince de Soubise Strength ~100,000 ~80,000 Casualties 1,400 5,000 (Broglie 4,700, Soubise 300) The Battle of Villinghausen (or Vellinghausen) was fought in 1761 between a large French army and a...
Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship West Pomeranian Powiat KoÅobrzeg County Gmina KoÅobrzeg Estabilished 10th century City Rights 1255 Government - Mayor Janusz Gromek Area - Town 25. ...
Combatants Great Britain Prussia Hanover Brunswick Hesse France Commanders Archduke Ferdinand of Brunswick Prince de Soubise Duc dâEstrées Strength 50,000 70,000 Casualties 702 >1,500 The Battle of Wilhelmstahl was fought on 1762-06-24 during the Seven Years War between on one side the allied...
The Battle of Burkersdorf was a battle fought on July 21, 1762 during the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Brunswick France Saxony Commanders Prince Ferdinand Comte de Lusace There were two battles of Lutterberg: The First Battle of Lutterberg (Lutternburg, or Lauterbach) was on 1758-10-10, and resulted in the French general, the Prince de Soubise, with a force of 42000 French and Saxons defeating an Allied...
Media:Example. ...
Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and...
| | Jumonville Glen – Great Meadows – Fort Beauséjour – Monongahela – Lake George - Fort Bull - Fort Oswego - Kittanning – Fort William Henry – Bloody Creek - Louisbourg - German Flatts - Fort Carillon – Fort Frontenac - Fort Duquesne – Fort Ligonier – Ticonderoga – La Belle-Famille - Fort Niagara – Beauport – Quebec – Sainte-Foy – Restigouche - Thousand Islands – Signal Hill | | East Indies Campaign 1757–1763 The Battle of Jumonville Glen, also known as the Jumonville affair, was a battle of the French and Indian War (Seven Years War) fought on May 28, 1754 near what is present-day Uniontown in Western Pennsylvania. ...
Combatants Britain France Commanders George Washington James Mackay Louis Coulon de Villiers Strength 100 regulars 193 militia, and natives 100 natives 600 marines, and militia Casualties 31 dead 70 wounded 192 captured 3 dead 19 wounded The Battle of the Great Meadows, also known as the Battle of Fort Necessity...
Combatants France Britain Commanders Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor Robert Monckton Strength 162 2,000 Casualties 162 dead, wounded, or captured Unknown The Battle of Fort Beauséjour marked the opening of a British-American offensive in North America in the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants France Indian Tribes Britain Commanders Liénard de Beaujeu â Jean-Daniel Dumas Charles de Langlade Edward Braddock â Strength 105 regulars 147 militia 600 natives 1,459 regulars and militia Casualties 23 killed 20 wounded 456 killed 521 wounded The Braddock expedition (also called Braddocks campaign) was a failed...
Combatants Britain France Commanders William Johnson, 1st Baronet Johnson, King Hendrick â Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau Strength 1,500 militia, 200 Mohawks 3,500 regulars, militia, and natives Casualties 331 killed, wounded or missing [1] 339 killed, wounded or missing [2] Seven Years War in North America: The French and Indian...
Combatants France Britain Commanders Chaussegros de Léry James Wolfe Strength 259 regulars and militia 103 natives Unknown Casualties 1 dead 2 wounded 103 dead, wounded, or captured The Battle of Fort Bull was a French raid on the British-held Fort Bull on March 27, 1756. ...
Combatants France Britain Commanders Louis-Joseph de Montcalm James Mercer â Strength 3,000 2,000 Casualties 30 dead or wounded 80 dead 1,700 captured The Battle of Fort Oswego was one in a series of early French victories in the North American theater of the Seven Years War won...
The Kittanning Expedition, also known as the Armstrong Expedition, was a raid during the French and Indian War that led to the destruction of the Native American village of Kittanning, which had served as a staging point for attacks by Delaware (Lenape) and Shawnee warriors against European-American colonists in...
Combatants France Britain Commanders Louis-Joseph de Montcalm Lieutenant-Colonel George Monro Strength 1,600 natives 6,000 regulars and militia 2,500 regulars and militia Casualties Unknown 297 dead or wounded 2,308 captured The Battle of Fort William Henry in August 1757 resulted in Britains loss of...
Combatants France Britain Commanders M. de Bettetre Johan Jost Petrie Strength 300 French and Indian militia Casualties 40 dead On November 12, 1757 during the French and Indian War, German Flatts, in the Province of New York was attacked and destroyed by a combined force of French and Indians. ...
The Battle of Carillon was fought at Fort Carillon (later known as Fort Ticonderoga), on the shore of Lake Champlain in what was then the British colony of New York, July 7-July 8, 1758 during the French and Indian War, and resulted in a victory of the French garrison...
The Battle of Fort Frontenac took place from August 25 to August 27, 1758 near the end of the Seven Years War (referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States) between France and Britain. ...
Combatants France Britain American Colonies Commanders François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery James Grant Strength 500 natives and militia 400 regulars, 350 militia Casualties 8 killed, 8 wounded 104 killed, 220 wounded, 19 captured [1] The Battle of Fort Duquesne was a failed attempt by elements of [General John...
The battle of fort Ligoneir was fought in 1758 and was a battle of the French-Indian war. ...
The Battle of Ticonderoga of 1758 was an engagement of the French and Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years War not so much a battle as an investment. ...
Combatants France Britain Commanders Captain Francois de Lignery Lt. ...
The Battle of Fort Niagara was one of the final battles in the North American theatre of the Seven Years War. ...
The Battle of Beauport was fought on July 31, 1759 between a British fleet and French land forces. ...
Belligerents Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of France Commanders James Wolfe â Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm â Strength 4,800 regulars 4,000 regulars 300 militia Casualties and losses 658 dead or wounded 644 dead or wounded The Battle of the Plains of Abraham also known as the Battle of Quebec...
Combatants France Britain Commanders François Gaston de Lévis James Murray Strength 2,600 regulars 2,400 militia[1] 3,800 regulars 20 guns Casualties 833 dead or wounded 1,124 dead or wounded The Battle of Sainte-Foy, sometimes called the Battle of Quebec (1760), was fought on...
Combatants Britain France Commanders Capt. ...
The Battle of the Thousand Islands was fought between 16 August and 24 August 1760, in the upper St. ...
Combatants France Great Britain Commanders Guillaume de Bellecombe William Amherst Strength 295 regulars 200 regulars and provincials Casualties 20â40 dead or wounded 4â5 dead 19 wounded The Battle of Signal Hill (September 15, 1762) was the final battle of the French and Indian War and forced the French...
| | Plassey – Cuddalore – Negapatam – Pondicherry – Wandiwash - Manila | | West Indies Campaign 1759–1763 Combatants British East India Company Siraj Ud Daulah (Nawab of Bengal), La Compagnie des Indes Orientales Commanders Colonel Robert Clive (later Governor of Bengal and Baron of Plassey) Mir Jafar Ali Khan, defected (Commander-in-chief of the Nawab), M. Sinfray (French Secretary to the Council) Strength 2,200 European...
The naval Battle of Cuddalore took place on 29 April 1758 during the Seven Years War near Cuddalore off the Carnatic coast of India and was an indecisive battle between a British squadron under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and French squadron under Comte dAché. British casualties were 29 killed...
The Battle of Negapatam was an indecisive battle between a British squadron under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and French squadron under Comte dAché off the Carnatic coast of India near Negapatam during the Seven Years War. ...
The Battle of Pondicherry was an indecisive battle between a British squadron under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and French squadron under Comte dAché off the Carnatic coast of India near Pondicherry during the Seven Years War. ...
The Battle of Wandiwash was a decisive battle in India during the Seven Years War. ...
Combatants Britain Philippines Spain Commanders William Draper Archbishop Manuel Rojo Strength 1,750 regulars, 4,500 sailors and marines 4,000 Filipino troops 1,000 regulars, 9,000 natives East Indies Campaign 1757â1763 Plassey â Cuddalore â Negapatam â Pondicherry â Manila The Battle of Manila of 1762 was fought in the Seven...
| | Guadeloupe (1759) – Dominica (1761) – Martinique (1762) – Cuba (1762) | | Spanish-Portuguese War 1761–1763 The naval Battle of Lagos took place on 19 August 1759 during the Seven Years War off the coasts of Spain and Portugal, and is named after Lagos, Portugal. ...
The naval Battle of Quiberon Bay took place on 20 November 1759 during the Seven Years War in Quiberon Bay, off the coast of France near St. ...
| | Portugal (1762) – Colonia del Sacramento (1762) – Río Grande de San Pedro (1763) | The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) involved all of the major European powers of the period, causing 900,000 to 1,400,000 deaths.[1] It enveloped both European and colonial theatres from 1756 to 1763, incorporating the Pomeranian War and the French and Indian War which was fought from 1754 to 1763. Prussia, Electorate Brunswick-Lüneburg, and United Kingdom of Great Britain (including British colonies in North America, the British East India Company, and Ireland) were pitted against Austria, France (including the North American colony of New France and the French East India Company), the Russian Empire, Sweden, and Saxony. Portugal (on the side of Great Britain) and Spain (on the side of France) were later drawn into the conflict, and a force from the neutral Netherlands was attacked in India. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
This article is about a type of political territory. ...
Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and...
For other uses, see Prussia (disambiguation). ...
Capital Hanover Head of State King of Hanover Hanover (German: Hannover) is a historical territory in todays Germany. ...
For an explanation of terms such as Scotland, Wales, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom, see British Isles (terminology). ...
British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England before the 1707 Acts of Union created the Kingdom of Great Britain) began in the late 16th century, before reaching its peak after colonies were established throughout the Americas, and a protectorate was established in Hawaii. ...
The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ...
Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France - Royal Control 1655 - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760 - Treaty...
French and other European settlements in India. ...
The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
The war ended France's position as a major colonial power in the Americas (where it lost all of its possessions except French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Domingue and Saint Pierre and Miquelon) and its position as the leading power in Europe,[2] until the time of the French Revolution. Great Britain, meanwhile, emerged as the dominant colonial power in the world. The French Navy was crippled, which meant that only an ambitious rebuilding program in combination with the Spanish fleet would see it again threaten the Royal Navy's command of the sea.[3] On the other side of the world, the British East India Company acquired the strongest position within India, which was to become the "jewel in the imperial crown". The war was described by Winston Churchill as the first "world war",[4] as it was the first conflict in human history to be fought around the globe, although most of the combatants were either European nations or their overseas colonies. As a partially Anglo-French conflict involving developing empires, the war was one of the most significant phases of the 18th century Second Hundred Years' War.[5] The war began with Frederick the Great of Prussia's invasion of Saxony. World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas in an equal-area projection The Americas are the lands of the New World, consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ...
Saint-Domingue was a French colony from 1697 to 1804 that is today the independent nation of Haiti. ...
The French Revolution (1789â1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on...
The French Navy, officially called the National Navy (French: Marine Nationale) is the maritime arm of the French military. ...
The Spanish Armada (in Spanish, Armada Española) is the maritime arm of the Spanish Military. ...
This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ...
Command of the sea is a technical term of naval warfare, which indicates a definite strategical condition. ...
The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...
Churchill redirects here. ...
A world war is a war affecting the majority of the worlds major nations. ...
The Second Hundred Years War is a phrase used by some historians to describe the series of military conflicts between the Kingdom of Great Britain and France that occurred from about 1689 to 1815. ...
Frederick the Great Frederick II of Prussia (Friedrich der Große, Frederick the Great, January 24, 1712 – August 17, 1786) was the Hohenzollern king of Prussia 1740–86. ...
For other uses, see Prussia (disambiguation). ...
Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DED Capital Dresden Minister-President Georg Milbradt (CDU) Governing parties CDU / SPD Votes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69) Basic statistics Area 18,416 km² (7,110 sq mi) Population 4,252,000 (11/2006)[1] - Density 231 /km...
Names In Canada and the United Kingdom, the Seven Years' War is used to describe the North American conflict as well as the European and Asian conflicts. In French Canada, however, the term War of the Conquest is commonly used. The conflict in India is termed the Third Carnatic War while the fighting between Prussia and Austria is called the Third Silesian War. Most of the U.S. continues to call it the Seven Years' War, despite separation from England. The North American theatre is called the French and Indian War in the United States but not in Britain, Canada, or France, where it is treated as part of the larger conflict. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
The Carnatic Wars were a series of battles that took place in the Carnatic region of modern-day southern India between the British, French, Marathas and Mysore for control of the region in the late eighteenth century. ...
The Silesian Wars were a series of wars between Prussia and Austria (and their changing allies) for control of Silesia. ...
Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and...
Causes The Seven Years' War may be viewed as a continuation of the War of the Austrian Succession, in which King Frederick II of Prussia had gained the rich province of Silesia. Empress Maria Theresa of Austria had signed the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) only in order to gain time to rebuild her military forces and to forge new alliances, which she did with remarkable success. The political map of Europe had been redrawn in a few years. During the so-called Diplomatic Revolution of 1756, century-old enemies France, Austria and Russia formed a single alliance against Prussia. Combatants Prussia France Spain Bavaria Naples and Sicily Sweden (1741 â 1743) Austria Great Britain Hanover Dutch Republic Saxony Kingdom of Sardinia Russia Commanders Frederick II Leopold I Leopold II Maurice de Saxe François-Marie de Broglie Charles VII Charles Emil Lewenhaupt Ludwig Khevenhüller Charles Alexander George II Charles...
Frederick II (German: ; January 24, 1712 â August 17, 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740â1786) from the Hohenzollern dynasty. ...
Silesia (English pronunciation [], Czech: ; German: ; Latin: ; Polish: ; Silesian: Ålůnsk) is a historical region in central Europe, located along the upper and middle Oder River, upper Vistula River, and along the Sudetes, Carpathian (Silesian Beskids) mountain range. ...
Not to be confused with Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867). ...
The second Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) of 1748 ended the War of the Austrian Succession. ...
For other uses, see Army (disambiguation). ...
A military alliance is an agreement between two, or more, countries; related to wartime planning, commitments, or contingencies; such agreements can be both defensive and offensive. ...
The Diplomatic Revolution refers to the alliances formed in 1756 as a result of the outbreak of the Seven Years War. ...
Prussia had the protection only of Great Britain, whose ruling dynasty saw its ancestral Hanoverian possession as being threatened by France. In Great Britain's alliance with Prussia the two powers complemented each other. The British already had the most formidable navy in Europe, while Prussia had the most formidable land force on continental Europe, allowing Great Britain to focus its soldiers towards its colonies. Capital Hanover Head of State King of Hanover Hanover (German: Hannover) is a historical territory in todays Germany. ...
Naval redirects here. ...
The Austrian army had undergone an overhaul according to the Prussian system. Maria Theresa, whose knowledge of military affairs shamed many of her generals, had pressed relentlessly for reform. Her interest in the welfare of the soldiers had gained her their undivided respect. The second cause for war arose from the heated colonial struggle between the British Empire and French Empire which, as they expanded, met and clashed with one another on two continents. These causes of the French and Indian War are described on that page The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...
For the French colonial postage stamps, see French Colonies. ...
Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and...
Overall Strategies For much of the eighteenth century, France approached its wars in the same way: it would let its colonies fend for themselves, sending only small numbers of troops—or perhaps inexperienced soldiers—abroad, expecting that battles for the colonies would likely be lost anyway. It would keep most of its army on the European continent, expecting that such a force would be victorious closer to home. The plan was to fight to the end of the war and then, in treaty negotiations, to trade territory gained in Europe in order to regain overseas possessions lost. This strategy did not serve France well in this war, as the colonies were indeed lost, but France had few counterbalancing European successes. The military history of France includes both those military actions centered on the territory encompassing modern France, and the military history of French-speaking peoples of European descent, in Europe and in its overseas possessions and territories. ...
The British, by contrast, strove to take advantage of their naval power and press the war in the colonies, not only by naval blockade and bombardment of enemy ports, but also using their ability to move troops by water. They would harass enemy shipping and attack enemy colonies, frequently using colonists from nearby British colonies. They sought to offset their natural disadvantage on the continent of Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly France. For the Seven Years' War, the British allied themselves with the greatest military strategist of the day, Frederick the Great, and his kingdom, Prussia, then the rising power in central Europe, and paid Frederick substantial subsidies to support his campaigns. A Navy is the branch of a countrys military forces principally designated for naval warfare, namely maritime or ocean-borne combat operations and other functions. ...
This article is about a type of political territory. ...
Frederick II (German: ; January 24, 1712 â August 17, 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740â1786) from the Hohenzollern dynasty. ...
For other uses, see Prussia (disambiguation). ...
War begins The formal opening of hostilities in Europe was preceded by fighting in North America, where the westward expansion of the British colonies located along the eastern seaboard began to run afoul of French claims to the Mississippi valley in the late 1740s and early 1750s. In order to forestall the expansion of Virginia and Pennsylvania, in particular, the French built a line of forts in what is now western Pennsylvania, and British efforts to dislodge them in the mid-1750s led to conflicts generally considered to be part of the French and Indian War, as the Seven Years' War is known in North America. Flag In 1803, the United States concluded the Louisiana Purchase (green area) with France. ...
The recorded History of Virginia began with settlement of the geographic region now known as the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States thousands of years ago by Native Americans. ...
The History of Pennsylvania is as varied as any in the American experience and reflects the melting pot vision of the United States. ...
Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and...
At the start of the war in Europe, Frederick crossed the border of Saxony, one of the smaller German states in league with Austria. The Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and at the Battle of Lobositz, Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under General count Browne. However, Saxony had successfully delayed the Prussian campaign. In the Mediterranean, the French opened the campaign against the British by an attack on Minorca; a British attempt at relief was foiled at the Battle of Minorca and the island was captured (for which Admiral Byng was court-martialed and executed). The Battle of Lobositz was a battle fought on October 1, 1756 during the Seven Years War. ...
Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf von Browne, Baron de Camus and Mountany (October 23, 1705 - May 6, 1757), Austrian generalfeldmarschall, was born at Basel. ...
The naval Battle of Minorca took place on May 20, 1756, at the opening of the Seven Years War in the European theatre, shortly after the Kingdom of Great Britain had declared war on the House of Bourbon, off the Mediterranean island of Minorca between British and French squadrons. ...
Portrait of John Byng by Thomas Hudson, 1749 John Byng (October 29, 1704 â March 14, 1757) was a British Admiral who was court-martialled and executed for failing to do his utmost during the Battle of Minorca, at the beginning of the Seven Years War. ...
In the spring of 1757, Frederick again took the initiative by marching on Prague. After the bloody Battle of Prague, the Prussians started to besiege the city, but had to lift the siege after Frederick's first defeat at the Battle of Kolin. In summer, the Russians invaded East Prussia and defeated a smaller Prussian force in the fiercely contested Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf. Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders King Frederick the Great Charles of Lorraine Reichsgraf von Browne Strength 65,000 62,000 Casualties 14,300 8,800 The Battle of Prague (in the Czech Republic known as the Battle of Å tÄrboholy) was a battle fought on May 6, 1757 during the Seven...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders Frederick the Great Leopold Josef, Count von Daun Strength 32,000 44,000 Casualties 14,000 dead or wounded 9,000 dead or wounded The Battle of Kolin (KolÃn) was a battle fought on June 18, 1757 during the Seven Years War. ...
The Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf was a battle fought on August 30, 1757 during the Seven Years War. ...
Things were looking very grim for Prussia at this time, with the Austrians mobilizing to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. In what Napoleon would call "a masterpiece in maneuver and resolution", Frederick thoroughly crushed both the French at the Battle of Rossbach and the Austrians at the Battle of Leuthen in the space of a month. With these great victories, Frederick once again established himself as Europe's finest general and his men as Europe's finest soldiers. With Peter III, who admired Frederick, taking the Russian throne, Frederick had a powerful new alliance that would last until the first World War. Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise (1715âJuly 4, 1787) was a peer and marshal of France, the grandson of the Princesse de Soubise, who is known to history as one of the mistresses of Louis XIV. He accompanied Louis XV in the campaign of 1744-1748 and attained high...
For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...
Combatants Prussia France Holy Roman / Austrian Empire Commanders Frederick II Charles, prince de Soubise Joseph Frederick William, duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen Strength 22,000 79 guns 42,000 45 guns Casualties 169 dead, 379 wounded 5,000 dead or wounded 5,000 captured The Battle of Rossbach (November 5, 1757...
Combatants Prussia Austria Commanders Frederick the Great Charles of Lorraine Strength 39,000 167 guns 58,500 210 guns Casualties 1,141 dead 5118 wounded 85 captured 3000 dead 7,000 wounded 12,000 captured 51 flags 116 cannons The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5...
Peter III (February 21, 1728 â July 17, 1762) (Russian: ) was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. ...
Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...
British amphibious "descents" Great Britain planned a "descent" (an amphibious demonstration or raid) on Rochefort, a joint operation to overrun the town and burn the shipping in the Charente. The expedition set out on September 8, 1757, Sir John Mordaunt commanding the troops and Sir Edward Hawke the fleet. On September 23, the Isle d'Aix was taken, but due to dithering by the military staff such time was lost that Rochefort became unassailable,[6] and the expedition abandoned the Isle d'Aix and returned to Great Britain on October 1. It has been suggested that Landing operation be merged into this article or section. ...
Rochefort is a commune in western France, a seaport on the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Joint warfare is a military doctrine which places priority on the integration of the various service branches of a states armed forces into one unified command. ...
Charente (Saintongeais: Chérente, Occitan: TCharanto) is a department in central France named after the Charente River. ...
is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
General Sir John Mordaunt, KB (1697 â 23 October 1780) was an English soldier and Whig politician, the son of Lieutenant-General Harry Mordaunt and Margaret Spencer. ...
Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, (February 21, 1705 - October 16, 1781) was an admiral in the Royal Navy. ...
is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Despite the operational failure and debated strategic success of the descent on Rochefort, Pitt — who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise — prepared to continue such operations.[7] An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was aided by Lord George Sackville. The naval escorts for the expedition were commanded by Anson, Hawke, and Howe. The army landed on June 5, 1758 at Cancalle Bay, proceeded to St. Malo, and burned the shipping in the harbor; the arrival of French relief forces caused the British to avoid a siege, and the troops re-embarked. An attack on Havre de Grace was called off, and the fleet sailed on to Cherbourg; but the weather being bad and provisions low, that too was abandoned, and the expedition returned, having damaged French privateering and provided a furth
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