The Dutch republic known as the United Provinces became the dominant economic and political power in Europe, gaining formal independence from Spain in 1648. It also underwent crashes, e.g. the windhandel in tulips led to many bankruptcies in 1637.
The Great Turkish war is fought between the Ottoman Empire and a Holy League formed to oppose it, lasts between 1683 and 1699. It started with another Battle of Vienna and ended with a major defeat of the Ottomans.
Johannes Vermeer's The Kitchen Maid, also affectionately known as The Milkmaid, is being loaned temporarily to The National Art Center in Tokyo, Japan, where it will be on display from 26 September until 17 December 2007 as part of the exhibition 'Milkmaid by Vermeer and Dutch Genre Painting'.
Dutch Genre Painting from the 17-19 century introduced with 116 masterworks from the Rjksmuseum Amsterdam, featuring Vermeer's Milkmaid as a centerpiece.
Unfortunately, the recently opened Vermeer Center of Delft is for the moment closed to the public, it would seem, for economic motives.
In the seventeenthcentury, dressing such timbers with an adze would also have been done, but in that case to remove cut marks made by the broad axe used to shape the piece.
The rough clapboard would be held firm in a shaving horse, a long wooden frame slanted in such a way that a worker could sit at one end and smooth the board by pulling the knife toward him with the sharp edge facing him.
The house was whitewashed on the inside, and there was a dirt floor that in the seventeenthcentury would have been covered with rushes, and the roof was thatched.
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