NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Silat

Silat is an umbrella term used to describe the martial art forms practiced throughout the Malay Archipelago. Internationally it is now called Pencak Silat. Silat is a combative art of fighting and survival and it has been evolved in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam civilizations for centuries into social culture and tradition. During the colonization era, both in Malaysia and Singapore as British Colonies and in Indonesia as Dutch colonies, practitioners (locally known as pesilat) used the martial art as a form to liberate^{[citation needed]} from foreign authorities. This article is about martial art forms practiced in Indonesia. ... Hybrid martial arts (also known as hybrid fighting systems) refer to martial arts or fighting systems that incorporate techniques and theories from several particular martial arts. ... World map depicting Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago is a vast archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... World map depicting Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago is a vast archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... This article is about martial art forms practiced in Indonesia. ... The Sultanate of Brunei, more commonly referred to as Brunei Darussalam or simply Brunei, is an oil-rich country located on the island of Borneo, in southeast Asia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The distinctive forms of silat with other Asian martial arts, such as kung fu, tae kwon do or karate, lie on the cultural aspect. Silat is not only for combative purposes. When accompanied with traditional instruments, such as kendang, silat transforms into a folk dance. In Minangkabau area (the West Sumatra province of Indonesia), silat was the oldest men's tradition known as silek and it is one of the components to perform the Minangkabau folk dance of randai.^[1] In Malaysia, one form of silat known of silat pulut also shows the harmonic silat styles as a dance accompanied by traditional instruments, and so in Brunei Darussalam "silat cakak" also performed with the presence of "gulintangan". A silat form in West Java province of Indonesia, known as pencak, is usually accompanied with music, notably by the traditional Sundanese suling instrument. Alternative meaning: Kung Fu (TV series) Kung fu or gongfu (功夫, Pinyin: gōngfu) is a well-known Chinese term used in the West to designate Chinese martial arts. ... Taekwondo is the Korean national sport and martial art, and is also one of the worlds most commonly practiced sports. ... For other uses, see Karate (disambiguation). ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Folk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances, mostly of European origin, that tend to share the following attributes: They were originally danced in about the 19th century or earlier (or are, in any case, not currently copyrighted); Their performance is dominated by an inherited... Languages Minangkabau, Indonesian and Malay. ... Motto: Tuah Sakato. ... Randai is a folk theatre tradition of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, Indonesia. ... Map showing West Java in Indonesia West Java (Jawa Barat) is a province of Indonesia, located on the island of Java. ... Map showing the location of the Sundanese in Java The Sundanese are an ethnic group in the western part of the island of Java in Indonesia, numbering approximately 31 million. ... Suling Suling is an Indonesian flute made out of bamboo used in gamelan ensembles. ...

Etymology

A theory states that silat word itself comes from silek from Minangkabau language.^[1] Silek was one of the of components to perform the Minangkabau's randai folk dance components besides bakaba (storytelling) and saluang jo dendang (song-and-flute). Randai is a folk theatre tradition of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, Indonesia. ... The Minangkabau language (autonym: Baso Minang(kabau); Indonesian: Bahasa Minangkabau) is an Austronesian language, spoken by the Minangkabau-people of West Sumatra, in the western part of Riau and in several cities throughout Indonesia by migrated Minangkabau, who often trade or have a restaurant. ... Languages Minangkabau, Indonesian and Malay. ... Randai is a folk theatre tradition of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, Indonesia. ...

The term silat is actually a noun which has a formidable arsenal of terms used to refer to martial arts in Southeast Asia.^[2] It can be said in Malaysia as seni silat, seni bela-diri and sometimes ilmu silat. In Sumatra silat is known as silek and more popularly in Java and Indonesia as Pencak Silat. The Chinese fusion of silat is known as kuntao.^[2] Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... This article is about martial art forms practiced in Indonesia. ... Kuntao is a term from southern China meaning Kung Fu. ...

History

Silat spread throughout the Malay Archipelago since the seventh century AD, but its origin is still uncertain. However, silat has been acknowledged as a genuine Malay art.^[3] Malay people that have inhabited coastal cities of Sumatra island and Malay peninsula, from Aceh in the north to Kelantan, Kedah and Riau archipelago in the south, were the people who practiced silat. Contacts with other ethnic groups in the coastal cities had also influenced silat. There is evidence that Chinese and Indian culture had influence the martial art forms.^[4] When Islam was spread throughout the archipelago in the fourteenth century, it was taught alongside with silat. Besides as a combative art and cultural folk dance, silat then became a spiritual training.^[5] ( 6th century - 7th century - 8th century - other centuries) Events Islam starts in Arabia, the Quran is written, and Arabs subjugate Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa and Central Asia to Islam. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Sumatra (disambiguation). ... The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ... Aceh (pronounced , generally Anglicized as IPA: ) is a special territory (daerah istimewa) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ... State motto: Berserah kepada Tuhan Kerajaan Kelantan State anthem: Selamat Sultan Capital (and royal capital) Kota Bharu Ruling party PAS - Sultan Tuanku Ismail Petra - Menteri Besar Nik Aziz Nik Mat History - Siamese control 1603 - British control 1909 - Japanese occupation 1942-1946 - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948 Area - Total 14... State anthem: Allah Selamatkan Sultan Mahkota Capital Alor Star Royal capital Anak Bukit Ruling party Barisan Nasional - Sultan Tuanku Abdul Halim - Menteri Besar Mahdzir Khalid History - British control 1909 - Japanese occupation 1942 - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948 Area - Total 9,426 kmÂ² Population - 2003 estimate 1,778,188 - Density... The Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau (Kepri for short) or sometimes Riau Kepulauan in Bahasa Indonesia) are a province and a group of islands in Indonesia, located south of Singapore, off the eastern coast of Riau province on Sumatra island. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ...

Silat was gradually refined into the specialized property of sultans, panglima (general) and pendekar (warriors) during the Malacca Sultanate, Majapahit and Srivijaya empires. It was the time when silat spread through Malay peninsula, Java, Bali, Sulawesi and Borneo. Malays, in particular in Malay peninsula, considers the legendary story of Hang Tuah of the fourteenth century as the father of silat.^[4] For other uses, see Sultan (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Majapahit Empire was based in eastern Java and ruled much of the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali from about 1293 to around 1500. ... The extent of Srivijayan Empire around 10th to 11th century. ... This article is about the Java island. ... This article is about the Indonesian island. ... Sulawesi (formerly more commonly known as Celebes, IPA: a Portuguese-originated form of the name) is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. ... Î¦ Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. ... A bronze sculpture of Hang buah with Ta Melayu Hilang Di-Dunia written at the top. ...

Silat shares the same history in Malaysia (incl. Singapore and Brunei) and Indonesia during the colonization era as a form to liberate from foreign authorities.^[4] During post colonization era, silat has been evolved into formal martial arts. National organizations were formed, such as in Malaysia: Persekutuan Silat Kebangsaan Malaysia (PESAKA), in Indonesia: Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI), in Singapore: Persekutuan Silat Singapura (PERSIS), in Brunei Darussalam: Persekutuan Silat Brunei Darussalam (PERSIB), as well as tens of silat organizations in US and Europe. Silat is now officially included as part of the sport game, particularly during the Southeast Asian Games. The Southeast Asian Games Federation logo and flag The Southeast Asian Games (also known as the SEA Games), is a biannual multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. ...

Regional usages

In Indonesia, pencak silat was chosen in 1948 as a unifying term for their martial arts. It was a compound of the two most commonly used terms for martial arts in Indonesia. Pencak was the term used in central and east Java, while silat was used in Sumatra. In modern usage, pencak and silat are seen as being two aspects of the same practice. Pencak is the performance aspects of the martial art, while silat is the essence of the fighting and self-defense. This article is about martial art forms practiced in Indonesia. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In Bali, with a predominantly (94%) hindu population, silat is a unifying force in each district and almost every village.^{[citation needed]} Formal instruction takes place every morning and evening by one of two organizations: Bakti Negara and Kertha Wisesa. This article is about the Indonesian island. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ...

In Malaysia, silat is a term which is sometimes used as an umbrella term for all Malay martial arts. Examples of the forms of silat in Malaysia are the Silat Cakar Harimau, Silat Gayung Zahir 9, Silat Pancasila, Silat Keris Lok Sembilan, Silat Gayung Pusaka and Silat Lian Padukan. 1 in 5 Malays in Malaysia practices silat.

References

Draeger on the Set of the film You Only Live Twice where he served as Martial Arts coordinator Draeger on the Set of the film You Only Live Twice demonstrating bo technique. ... Draeger on the Set of the film You Only Live Twice where he served as Martial Arts coordinator Draeger on the Set of the film You Only Live Twice demonstrating bo technique. ...

Footnotes

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

Draeger on the Set of the film You Only Live Twice where he served as Martial Arts coordinator Draeger on the Set of the film You Only Live Twice demonstrating bo technique. ... Robert W. Smith is an American composer, arranger, and teacher. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... BÄjÃquÃ¡n (Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; literally eight extremes fist; Japanese: , Hakkyokuken) is a Chinese martial art that features explosive, short range power and is famous for its elbow strikes. ... For other meanings of these words, see boxing (disambiguation) or boxer. ... Angkorian warriors as depicted on bas reliefs at Angkor Wat Bokator/Boxkator, or more formally, Labok Katao(which means wielding a wooden stick to fight lions) (áž›áŸ’áž”áž»áž€áŸ’áž€ážáŸ„), is an ancient Khmer martial art said to be the predecessor of all Southeast Asian kickboxing styles. ... Capoeira (IPA: ,Tupi-Guarani word for - clear area) is a Brazilian blend of martial art, game, and dance originated in Brazil, from the regions known as Bahia, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo. ... This article is about the Fujian style of White Crane. ... For other uses, see Karate (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see kempo (disambiguation). ... Kicking to left side Kickboxing refers to sport-fighting using kicks and punches and sometimes throws and bows representing a certain martial art or can be practiced for general fitness, or as a full-contact sport. ... BAMA LETHWEI Lethwei or Lethawae (Read as Let-whae, but quickly) ; also known as Burmese Boxing and Myanmar Traditional Boxing, is a form of kickboxing which originated in Myanmar (Burma). ... For the drink with a similar-sounding name, see Mai Tai. ... Pradal Serey (; English: Khmer Boxing) is the name of the centuries old kickboxing martial arts of Cambodia. ... 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Taekyon, or Taekkyon is a traditional Korean martial art, probably stemming from Subak. ... Taekwondo (íƒœê¶Œë„; IPA: ) is a Korean martial art and Chinese combat sport. ... Taido ( èº°é“ / taidÅ ) is a Japanese martial arts or budo created in 1965 by Seiken Shukumine (1925 - 2001). ... For the 1994 Hong Kong film, see Wing Chun (film). ... WingTsunâ„¢, often shortened to WT, is a particular school of the Wing Chun style of Kung Fu developed by a student of Grandmaster Yip Man named Leung Ting. ... Like other southern Chinese martial arts, Choy Lei Fut features Five Animal techniques based on the tiger, dragon, crane, leopard, and snake but is distinguished from other southern styles by long, swinging, circular movements and twisting body motions more indicative of northern styles. ... For other uses, see Grapple. ... Aikido ) is a Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs. ... 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Shuai jiao (Chinese: æ‘”è·¤ or æ‘”è§’; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shuai-chiao) is the modern Chinese term for Chinese and Mongolian wrestling. ... Image:Ssireum-1. ... For other uses, see Sumo (disambiguation). ... Ancient Greek wrestlers (Pankratiasts) Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two unarmed persons, in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of their opponent. ... YaÄŸlÄ± GÃ¼reÅŸ (IPA:) is the Turkish national sport. ... For other uses, see Weapon (disambiguation). ... BattÅjutsu ) is a Japanese term meaning techniques for drawing a sword. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the sport, which is distinguished from stage fencing and academic fencing (mensur). ... Gatka (Punjabi: , ) is a traditional Sikh martial art. ... 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Contents

History

Regional usages

References

Footnotes

Further reading