FACTOID # 108: Japan leads the world in car production, producing almost 50% more cars than either of its next closest competitors, Germany and the United StatesInteresting industry facts »
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RELATED ARTICLES
People who viewed "Singapore" also viewed:
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS    Advanced view

Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 

 

(* = Graphable)

 

 


EncyclopediaSingapore > History

Republik Singapura (Malay)
新加坡共和国 (Simplified Chinese)
சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு (Tamil)
Republic of Singapore
Flag of Singaporeucdavis.edu/mn/more.php?id=1633_0_3_0 Malaysia, Singapore]</ref>
Motto"Majulah Singapura"  (Malay)
"Onward, Singapore"
Capital Singapore City (Downtown Core)1
1°17′N 103°51′E / 1.283, 103.85
Official languages English 
Malay 
Mandarin (Chinese) 
Tamil
Demonym Singaporean
Government Parliamentary republic
 -  President Sellapan Ramanathan
 -  Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
Independence
 -  City status July 24, 1951 
 -  Self-government
under the United Kingdom

3 June 1959[1] 
 -  Declaration of independence 31 August 1963 
 -  Merger with Malaysia 16 September 1963 
 -  Separation from Malaysia 9 August 1965 
Area
 -  Total 704.0 km² (190th)
270 sq mi 
 -  Water (%) 1.444
Population
 -  2007 estimate 4,680,600 [2] (117th)
 -  2000 census 4,117,700 
 -  Density 6,369.2/km² (4th)
16,392/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2007 estimate
 -  Total US$228.116 billion (44th)
 -  Per capita US$49,714 (6th)
GDP (nominal) 2007 estimate
 -  Total US$171.95 billion[3] 
 -  Per capita US$39,952.44 
HDI (2007) 0.922 (high) (25th)
Currency Singapore dollar (SGD)
Time zone SST (UTC+8)
 -  Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+8)
Internet TLD .sg
Calling code +65²
1 Singapore is a city-state.
2 02 from Malaysia.

Singapore (in Mandarin: 新加坡, Xīnjiāpō; in Malay: Singapura; in Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர், Cingkappūr) is an island nation located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia's Riau Islands. At 704.0 km² (272 sq mi), it is one of the few remaining city-states in the world and the smallest country in Southeast Asia. Image File history File links Flag_of_Singapore. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Singapore User:DanielZm/test Template:Singapore infobox User:Instantnood/Sandbox/Template:Singapore infobox ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... The Downtown Core is technically an urban planning area in the city-state of Singapore which surrounds the mouth of the Singapore River, and is part of the Central Area, Singapores central business district. ... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... Map of eastern China and Taiwan, showing the historic distribution of Mandarin Chinese in light brown. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Parliamentary republics around the world, shown in Orange (Parliamentary republics with a non-executive President) and Green (Parliamentary republics with an executive President linked to Parliament). ... The President of the Republic of Singapore is the nations head of state. ... Sellapan Ramanathan (born July 3, 1924) is the sixth and current President of the Republic of Singapore. ... The Priminster of Singa pyohbsdg vjhd|Lee Kuan Yew||3 June 1959 || 28 November 1990 || 1968 GE 94. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Lee) Lee Hsien Loong (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; born February 10, 1952) is the third and current Prime Minister of Singapore. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A declaration of independence is an assertion of the independence of an aspiring state or states. ... is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... Map of countries by population for the year 2007 This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ... This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ... ISO 4217 Code SGD User(s) Singapore, Brunei Inflation 1% Source The World Factbook, 2006 est. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Singapore observes a time zone eight hours ahead of UTC, (UTC+8), known as Singapore Standard Time or SGT. It is the same time zone as Australian Western Standard Time, Malaysian Standard Time, Chinese Standard Time and Hong Kong Time. ... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... UTC redirects here. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .sg is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Singapore. ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... The Singapore telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Numbering Plan, is regulated by the Numbering Management Department of the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA), taking over the role from the Telecommunications Authority of Singapore upon its formation in December 1999. ... A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city. ... This article is on all of the Northern and Southwestern Chinese dialects. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... An island nation is a country that is wholly confined to an island or islands. ... The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ... World map showing the equator in red In tourist areas, the equator is often marked on the sides of roads The equator marked as it crosses Ilhéu das Rolas, in São Tomé and Príncipe. ... State motto: Kepada Allah Berserah State anthem: Lagu Bangsa Johor Capital Johor Bahru Royal capital Pasir Pelangi1 Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Sultan Sultan Iskandar  - Menteri Besar Abdul Ghani Othman History    - Johor Sultanate 14th century   - British control 1914   - Japanese occupation 1942   - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948  Area  - Total 19,984... The Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau (Kepri for short) or sometimes Riau Kepulauan in Bahasa Indonesia) are a province and a group of islands in Indonesia, located south of Singapore, off the eastern coast of Riau province on Sumatra island. ... A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...


The British East India Company established a trading post on the island in 1819. The main settlement up to that point was a Malay fishing village at the mouth of the Singapore River. Several hundred indigenous Orang Laut people also lived around the coast, rivers and smaller islands. The British used Singapore as a strategic trading post along the spice route.[4] It became one of the most important commercial and military centres of the British Empire. When it was occupied by the Japanese during World War II, Winston Churchill called it "Britain's greatest defeat".[5] Singapore reverted to British rule in 1945. In 1963, it merged with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. Less than two years later it split from the federation and became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. Singapore joined the United Nations on September 21 that same year. The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... The Malays in Singapore (Malay : Orang Melayu Singapura) constitute 13. ... Singapore River The Singapore River is a small river in terms of physical attributes, but of extreme historical importance to the country of Singapore, the political entity which shares its name. ... Orang Laut are a group of Malay people living in the Riau Islands of Indonesia. ... A trade route is the sequence of pathways and stopping places used for the commercial transport of cargo. ... The Japanese Occupation of Singapore was to become a major turning point in the history of several nations, including that of the Japanese, who rampaged down the Malay Peninsula with the singular intent of occupying Singapore to gain greater control over her war-time resource gathering efforts, the British, with... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Churchill redirects here. ... The Federation of Malaya, or in Malay Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, was formed in 1948 from the British settlements of Penang and Malacca and the nine Malay states and replaced the Malayan Union. ... For other uses, see Sabah (disambiguation). ... For the river, see Sarawak River. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... UN redirects here. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Since independence, Singapore's standard of living has increased. Foreign direct investment and a state-led industrialization drive based on plans drawn up by the Dutch economist Albert Winsemius have created a modern economy based on electronics manufacturing, petrochemicals, tourism and financial services alongside the traditional entrepôt trade. Singapore is the 17th wealthiest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita.[6] This small nation has foreign exchange reserves of US$171.7353 billion. [7] The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these services and goods are distributed within a population. ... This article is about economics. ... Dr Albert Winsemius (1910-1996), a Dutch economist, was Singapores long-time economic advisor from 1961 to 1984. ... An entrepôt is a trading centre, or simply a warehouse, where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying import duties, often at a profit. ... Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a calculation method in national accounting (see Measures of national income and output) is defined as the total value of final goods and services produced within a countrys borders in a year, regardless of ownership. ... Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...


The population of Singapore is approximately 4.68 million.[2] The Chinese form the majority of the population. English is the administrative language of the country.


The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore established the nation's political system as a representative democracy, while the country is recognized as a parliamentary republic.[8] The People's Action Party (PAP) dominates the political process and has won control of Parliament in every election since self-government in 1959.[9] The Constitution of Singapore is the supreme law of Singapore and it is a codified constitution. ... Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... Parliamentary republics around the world, shown in Orange (Parliamentary republics with a non-executive President) and Green (Parliamentary republics with an executive President linked to Parliament). ... Party logo with a symbol of red lightning that signifies action. ... The unicameral Parliament of Singapore is the legislature of Singapore with the President as its head [1]. It currently consists of 94 Members of Parliament. ...

Contents

History

Main article: History of Singapore

The history of Singapore began as early as the 3rd Century when a Chinese account described the island at the tip of the Malay peninsula. ...

Etymology

The name Singapura comes from the Sanskrit singha ("lion") and pura ("city").[10] According to the Malay Annals, this name was given by a 14th century Sumatran prince named Sang Nila Utama, who, landing on the island after a thunderstorm, spotted an auspicious beast on the shore. His chief minister errorneously identified as a 'singha' or lion.[11] However, recent studies of Singapore indicate that lions have never lived there (not even Asiatic lions), and the beast seen by Sang Nila Utama was likely a tiger, most likely the Malayan Tiger.[12][13] Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Sejarah Melayu or The Malay Annals is a historical Malay literary work that chronicles the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate and spans over 600 years of the Malay Peninsulas history. ... For other uses, see Sumatra (disambiguation). ... Sang Nila Utama, also known as Sri Tri Buana, is a legendary prince who founded Singapore in the countrys ancient history. ... Trinomial name Panthera leo persica Meyer, 1826 Synonyms Leo leo goojratensis (India) Leo leo persicus (Persia) The Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica) is a subspecies of lion. ... For other uses, see Tiger (disambiguation). ... Trinomial name Panthera tigris jacksoni Luo et al. ...


First settlement

The first records of settlement in Singapore are from the 2nd century AD.[14] The island was an outpost of the Sumatran Srivijaya empire and originally had the Javanese name Temasek ('sea town'). Temasek (Tumasek) rapidly became a significant trading settlement, but declined in the late 14th century. There are few remnants of old Temasek in Singapore, but archaeologists in Singapore have uncovered artifacts of that and other settlements. Between the 16th and early 19th centuries, Singapore island was part of the Sultanate of Johor. During the Malay-Portugal wars in 1613, the settlement was set ablaze by Portuguese troops.[15] The Portuguese subsequently held control in that century and the Dutch in the 17th, but throughout most of this time the island's population consisted mainly of fishermen. ... For other uses, see Sumatra (disambiguation). ... Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ... Javanese is a term used to describe a native of the Indonesian island of Java. ... Temasek (Sea Town in Javanese, spelt Tumasik; Simplified Chinese: ) was the name of an early city on the site of modern Singapore. ... Archaeology in Singapore is a niche discipline. ... The Sultanate of Johor (or sometimes Johor-Riau) was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shahs son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah in 1528. ...


Colonial rule

Statue of Thomas Stamford Raffles by Thomas Woolner, erected at the location where he first landed at Singapore. He is recognized as the founder of modern Singapore.
Statue of Thomas Stamford Raffles by Thomas Woolner, erected at the location where he first landed at Singapore. He is recognized as the founder of modern Singapore.

On 29 January 1819, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles landed on the main island. Spotting its potential as a strategic geographical trading post in Southeast Asia, Raffles signed a treaty with Sultan Hussein Shah on behalf of the British East India Company to develop Singapore as a British trading post and settlement, marking the start of the island's modern era. Raffles's deputy, William Farquhar, oversaw a period of growth and ethnic migration, which was largely spurred by a no-restriction immigration policy. The British India office governed the island from 1858, but Singapore was made a British crown colony in 1867, answerable directly to the Crown. By 1869, 100,000 lived on the island. [16] The founding of modern Singapore in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles paved the way for Singapore to become a modern port and established its status as a gateway between the Western and Eastern markets. ... Download high resolution version (768x1024, 122 KB) Sir Stamford Raffles was the first Westerner to discover Singapore in 1819, and subsequently became the first governor of the entrepot city. ... Download high resolution version (768x1024, 122 KB) Sir Stamford Raffles was the first Westerner to discover Singapore in 1819, and subsequently became the first governor of the entrepot city. ... Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (6 July 1781 - 5 July 1826) was the founder of the city (now country) of Singapore, and is one of the best-known of the many Britons who created the largest empire the world has ever seen. ... Statue of Sir Stamford Raffles by Woolner, erected at the spot where he first landed at Singapore. ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1819 (MDCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Grhttp://en. ... Thomas Stamford Raffles. ... Sultan Hussein Shah was the seventeenth Sultan of Johor. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... William Farquhar (1774 – 1839) is a historical figure of Singapore. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... Location of the British Overseas Territories The British Overseas Territories are fourteen[1] territories which the United Kingdom considers to be under its sovereignty, but not as part of the United Kingdom itself. ...


The early onset of town planning in colonial Singapore came largely through a "divide and rule" framework where the different ethnic groups were settled in different parts of the South of the island. The Singapore River was largely a commercial area that was dominated by traders and bankers of various ethnic groups with mostly Chinese and Indian coolies working to load and unload goods from barge boats known locally as "bumboats". The Malays, consisting of the local "Orang Lauts" who worked mostly as fishermen and sea-farers, and Arab traders and scholars were mostly found in the South-east part of the river mouth, where Kampong Glam stands today. The European settlers, who were few then, settled around Fort Canning Hill and further upstream from the Singapore River. Like the Europeans, the early Indian migrants also settled more inland of the Singapore River, where Little India stands today. Very little is known about the rural private settlements in those times (known as kampongs), other than the major move by the post-independent Singapore government to re-settle these residents in the late 1960s.


World War II

During World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Malaya, culminating in the Battle of Singapore. The ill-prepared British were defeated in six days, and surrendered the supposedly impregnable "Bastion of the Empire" to General Tomoyuki Yamashita on 15 February 1942 in what is now known as the British Empire's greatest military defeat. The Japanese renamed Singapore Shōnantō (昭南島?), from Japanese "Shōwa no jidai ni eta minami no shima" ("和の時代に得た"?), or "southern island obtained in the age of Shōwa", and occupied it until the British repossessed the island on 12 September 1945, a month after the Japanese surrender.[17] The Japanese Occupation of Singapore was to become a major turning point in the history of several nations, including that of the Japanese, who rampaged down the Malay Peninsula with the singular intent of occupying Singapore to gain greater control over her war-time resource gathering efforts, the British, with... The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) (KyÅ«jitai: 大日本帝國陸軍, Shinjitai: , Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun), or more officially Army of the Greater Japanese Empire was the official ground based armed force of Imperial Japan from 1867 to 1945. ... Combatants Malaya Command: Indian III Corps Australian 8th Div. ... Tomoyuki Yamashita, 1945 General Tomoyuki Yamashita (山下 奉文 Yamashita Tomoyuki,) (November 8, 1885 – February 23, 1946) was a general of the Japanese Imperial Army during the World War II era. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Shōwa period (Japanese: 昭和時代, Shōwa-jidai, period of enlightened peace) was the time in Japanese history when Emperor Hirohito reigned over the country, from December 25, 1926 to January 7, 1989. ... The Shōwa period (Japanese: 昭和時代, Shōwa-jidai, period of enlightened peace) was the time in Japanese history when Emperor Hirohito reigned over the country, from December 25, 1926 to January 7, 1989. ... The Japanese Occupation of Singapore was to become a major turning point in the history of several nations, including that of the Japanese, who rampaged down the Malay Peninsula with the singular intent of occupying Singapore to gain greater control over her war-time resource gathering efforts, the British, with... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Japanese representatives, Mamoru Shigemitsu and Yoshijiro Umezu, on board USS Missouri during the surrender ceremonies on 2 September 1945. ...


The name Shōnantō was, at the time, romanized as "Syonan-to" or "Syonan", which means "Light of the South". Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana Manyōgana Uses Furigana Okurigana Rōmaji The romanization of Japanese is the use of the Latin alphabet (called rōmaji )   in Japanese) to write the Japanese language, which is normally written in logographic characters borrowed from Chinese (kanji) and syllabic scripts...


Independence

The Downtown Core at dusk, the civic and business district of Singapore.
The Downtown Core at dusk, the civic and business district of Singapore.

Singapore became a self-governing state within the British Empire in 1959 with Yusof bin Ishak its first Yang di-Pertuan Negara and Lee Kuan Yew its first Prime Minister. It declared independence from Britain unilaterally in August 1963, before joining the Federation of Malaysia in September along with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak as the result of the 1962 Merger Referendum of Singapore. Singapore left the federation two years later after heated ideological conflict between the state's PAP government and the federal Kuala Lumpur government. Singapore officially gained sovereignty on 9 August 1965.[18] Yusof bin Ishak was sworn in as the first President of Singapore and Lee Kuan Yew remained prime minister. The history of the Republic of Singapore began when Singapore gained its independence and became a republic following a secession from the Federation of Malaysia on 9 August 1965. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Singapore. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Singapore. ... The Downtown Core is technically an urban planning area in the city-state of Singapore which surrounds the mouth of the Singapore River, and is part of the Central Area, Singapores central business district. ... This is a Malay name; the name Ishak is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be addressed by his or her given name, Yusof. The Malay word bin () or binte (), if used, means son of or daughter of respectively. ... Yang di-Pertuan Negara is a title in Malay that is translated as the Head of State, which was used in Singapore between 1959 and 1965. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Li) Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; born September 16, 1923; also spelled Lee Kwan-Yew), was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. ... The Priminster of Singa pyohbsdg vjhd|Lee Kuan Yew||3 June 1959 || 28 November 1990 || 1968 GE 94. ... The Federation of Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. ... The Federation of Malaya, or in Malay Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, was formed in 1948 from the British settlements of Penang and Malacca and the nine Malay states and replaced the Malayan Union. ... For other uses, see Sabah (disambiguation). ... For the river, see Sarawak River. ... The 1962 Merger Referendum of Singapore was a referendum held in Singapore on September 1, 1962, which called for people to vote on the terms of merger with Malaysia. ... The sometimes tumultous relationship between the Peoples Action Party (PAP) and United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), which were, and still are, the ruling parties respectively of Singapore and Malaysia, has impacted the recent history of both states. ... Nickname: Motto: Maju dan makmur (English: Progress and Prosper) Location in Malaysia Coordinates: , Country State Establishment 1857 Granted city status 1974 Government  - Mayor (Datuk Bandar) Datuk Abdul Hakim Borhan From 14 December 2006 Area  - Total 243. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... This is a Malay name; the name Ishak is a patronymic, not a family name, and the person should be addressed by his or her given name, Yusof. The Malay word bin () or binte (), if used, means son of or daughter of respectively. ... The President of the Republic of Singapore is the nations head of state. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Li) Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; born September 16, 1923; also spelled Lee Kwan-Yew), was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. ...


While trying to be self-sufficient, the fledging nation faced problems like mass unemployment, housing shortages, and a dearth of land and natural resources. During Lee Kuan Yew's term as prime minister from 1959 to 1990, his administration tackled the problem of widespread unemployment, raised the standard of living, and implemented a large-scale public housing programme. It was during this time that the foundation of the country's economic infrastructure was developed; the threat of racial tension was curbed; and an independent national defence system centring around compulsory male military service was created. CIA figures for world unemployment rates, 2006 Unemployment is the state in which a person is without work, available to work, and is currently seeking work. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... CIA figures for world unemployment rates, 2006 Unemployment is the state in which a person is without work, available to work, and is currently seeking work. ... The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these services and goods are distributed within a population. ... Economics (deriving from the Greek words οίκω [okos], house, and νέμω [nemo], rules hence household management) is the social science that studies the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. ...


In 1990, Goh Chok Tong succeeded Lee as Prime Minister. During his tenure, the country tackled the impacts of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 2003 SARS outbreak, and terrorist threats posed by Jemaah Islamiyah after the September 11 attacks. In 2004, Lee Hsien Loong, the eldest son of Lee Kuan Yew, became the third prime minister.[19] Amongst his more notable decisions is the plan to open casinos to attract more foreign tourists. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Goh Goh Chok Tong (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Hokkien: Gô· Chok-tòng; born May 20, 1941), was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from November 28, 1990 to August 12, 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew. ... The East Asian financial crisis was a period of economic unrest that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ... SARS redirects here. ... The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is campaign begun by the Bush administration which includes various military, political, and legal actions taken to ostensibly curb the spread of terrorism following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. ... Jemaah Islamiyah[1] (JI, Arabic phrase meaning Islamic Group or Islamic Community) is a Southeast Asian militant Islamic organization dedicated to the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah[2] (Islamic State) in Southeast Asia incorporating Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern Philippines, Singapore and Brunei[3]. JI was added to the United Nations... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Lee) Lee Hsien Loong (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; born February 10, 1952) is the third and current Prime Minister of Singapore. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...


Government and politics

Main article: Politics of Singapore
See also: Law of Singapore

Singapore is a parliamentary democracy with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government representing different constituencies. The bulk of the executive powers rests with the Cabinet, headed by the Prime Minister, currently Mr Lee Hsien Loong. The office of President of Singapore, historically a ceremonial one, was granted some veto powers as of 1991 for a few key decisions such as the use of the national reserves and the appointment of judiciary positions. Although the position is to be elected by popular vote, only the 1993 election has been contested to date. The legislative branch of government is the Parliament. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Parliament House The Parliament House of Singapore is a public building and cultural landmark and houses the Parliament of Singapore. ... The politics of Singapore takes place in a framework of a parliamentary republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Singapore is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... The former Supreme Court building, which was in use between 1939 and 2005, as it appeared in August 2006. ... The Houses of Parliament, also known as the Palace of Westminster, in London. ... For unicameral alphabets, see the article letter case. For The unicameral, see Nebraska Legislature. ... The constituencies of Singapore are electoral divisions in the politics of Singapore which may be represented single or multiple seats in the Parliament of Singapore. ... The cabinet of Singapore forms the executive and it is headed by the prime minister, who is the head of government. ... The Priminster of Singa pyohbsdg vjhd|Lee Kuan Yew||3 June 1959 || 28 November 1990 || 1968 GE 94. ... The President of the Republic of Singapore is the nations head of state. ... In the law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ... A legislatureis a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to ratify laws. ...


Parliamentary elections in Singapore are plurality-based for group representation constituencies since the Parliamentary Elections Act was modified in 1991.[20] The Parliamentary elections in Singapore began with the independence of Singapore from the Federation of Malaysia on 9 August 1965, thus renaming the Singapore State Governments Legislative Assembly as the Parliament of Singapore. ... An example of a plurality ballot. ... Group representation constituencies (GRCs) and single member constituencies (SMCs) are electoral divisions and constituencies within the political system of Singapore. ... The Parliamentary Elections Act is an act of Parliament passed by the Parliament of Singapore regulating the procedures, requirements and laws for parliamentary elections in Singapore. ...


The Members of Parliament (MPs) consist of either elected, non-constituency or nominated Members. The majority of the Members of Parliament are elected into Parliament at a General Election on a first-past-the-post basis and represent either Single Member or Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs).


The elected Members of Parliament act as a bridge between the community and the Government by ensuring that the concerns of their constituents are heard in the Parliament. The present Parliament has 94 Members of Parliament consisting of 84 elected Members of Parliament, one NCMP and nine Nominated members of Parliament.

  • Elected Members, In Group Representation Constituencies, political parties field a team of between three to six candidates. At least one candidate in the team must belong to a minority race. This requirement ensures that parties contesting the elections in Group Representation Constituencies are multi-racial so that minority races will be represented in Parliament. Presently there are 14 Group Representation Constituencies and 9 Single Member constituencies.
  • Non-Constituency Members,This is to ensure that there will be a minimum number of opposition representatives in Parliament and that views other than the Government's can be expressed in Parliament.
  • Nominated Members, up to nine Nominated Members of Parliament (NMPs) was made in 1990 to ensure a wide representation of community views in Parliament. Nominated Members of Parliament are appointed by the President of Singapore for a term of two and a half years on the recommendation of a Special Select Committee of Parliament chaired by the Speaker. Nominated Members of Parliament are not connected to any political parties.
The Istana, the official residence and office of the President of Singapore
The Istana, the official residence and office of the President of Singapore

Politics in Singapore have been controlled by the People's Action Party (PAP) since self-government was attained.[21] In consequence, foreign political analysts and several opposition parties like the Workers' Party of Singapore, the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) and the Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA) have argued that Singapore is essentially a one-party state. Many analysts consider Singapore to be an illiberal or procedural democracy than a true democracy. The Economist Intelligence Unit describes Singapore as a "hybrid regime" of democratic and authoritarian elements.[22] Freedom House ranks the country as "partly free".[23] Though general elections are free from irregularities and vote rigging, the PAP has been criticised for manipulating the political system through its use of censorship, gerrymandering, and civil libel suits against opposition politicians. Francis Seow, the exiled former Solicitor-General of Singapore, is a prominent critic. Seow and opposition politicians such as J.B. Jeyaretnam and Chee Soon Juan claim that Singapore courts favour the PAP government, and there is no separation of powers.[24] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 482 KB) Istana, Singapore. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 482 KB) Istana, Singapore. ... The Istana, the official residence and office of the President of Singapore. ... The President of the Republic of Singapore is the nations head of state. ... Workers Party logo The Workers Party of Singapore (abbrev: WP; Chinese: 新加坡工人党) is one of the largest opposition parties in Singapore, with 1 of the 84 elected seats in the current session of Parliament of Singapore. ... Party logo The Singapore Democratic Party (abbrev: SDP; Chinese: 新加坡民主党) is a liberal party in Singapore. ... Alliance logo The Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA) is an alliance of political parties in Singapore. ... A single-party state or one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system government in which a single political party forms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election. ... Technically speaking, an illiberal democracy could be any democracy that is not a liberal democracy. ... Procedural theory sets forth principles that describe how government should make decisions. ... This entity, also known as EIU is part of The Economist Group. ... Freedom House is a United States-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom and human rights. ... A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      The Gerry-Mander first appeared in this cartoon-map in the Boston Gazette, 26 March 1812 Gerrymandering is a form of redistricting in which electoral district or constituency boundaries are manipulated for an electoral advantage. ... “Libel” redirects here. ... Francis Seow is a Singapore born, Oxbridge and Harvard-educated political dissident who is in self-imposed exile from Singapore. ... Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam (born 1926), usually J.B. Jeyaretnam and often abbreviated JBJ, is a Singaporean politician. ... Dr. Chee Soon Juan, Secretary-General of the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) Dr. Chee Soon Juan (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: , born 1962) is the Secretary-General of the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP). ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Separation of powers is a term coined by French political Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu[1][2], is a model for the governance of democratic states. ...


Singapore has a successful and transparent market economy. Government-linked companies are dominant in various sectors of the local economy, such as media, utilities, and public transport. Singapore has consistently been rated as the least corrupt country in Asia and among the world's ten most free from corruption by Transparency International.[25] A market economy (also called a free market economy or a free enterprise economy) is an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods and services take place through the mechanism of free markets (though completley useless to some dumbasses) guided by a free price system. ... A Government Linked Company (GLC) is a corporate entity that may private or public (listed on a stock exchange) where an existing government owns a stake using a holding company. ... The Public Utilities Board (Chinese: 公用事业局), more commonly abbreviated as PUB, is a statutory board of the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources under the Government of Singapore. ... Public transport in Singapore covers a variety of transport modes such as bus, rail and taxi and is widely utilised by her population. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... Transparency International (TI) is an international organisation addressing corruption, including, but not limited to, political corruption. ...


Although Singapore's laws are inherited from British and British Indian laws, including many elements of English common law, the PAP has also consistently rejected liberal democratic values, which it typifies as Western and states there should not be a 'one-size-fits-all' solution to a democracy. There are no jury trials. Laws restricting the freedom of speech are justified by claims that they are intended to prohibit speech that may breed ill will or cause disharmony within Singapore's multiracial, multi-religious society. For example, in September 2005, three bloggers were convicted of sedition for posting racist remarks targeting minorities.[26] Some offences can lead to heavy fines or caning and there are laws which allow capital punishment in Singapore for first-degree murder and drug trafficking. Amnesty International has criticised Singapore for having "possibly the highest execution rate in the world" per capita.[27] The Singapore government argues that there is no international consensus on the appropriateness of the death penalty and that Singapore has the sovereign right to determine its own judicial system and impose capital punishment for the most serious crimes.[28] Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... Liberal democracy is a form of government. ... Occident redirects here. ... Sedition is a term of law which refers to covert conduct, such as speech and organization, that is deemed by the legal authority as tending toward insurrection against the established order. ... This article is about the physical punishment. ... Capital punishment is a legal form of punishment in Singapore. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... “Sovereign” redirects here. ...


Geography and climate

Singapore Downtown as seen from the DHL Balloon.

Singapore consists of 63 islands, including mainland Singapore. There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia — Johor-Singapore Causeway in the north, and Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's many smaller islands. The highest natural point of Singapore is Bukit Timah Hill at 166 m (545 ft). The DHL Balloon is the worlds largest tethered helium balloon. ... Map of Singapore Singapore was founded as a British trading colony in 1819. ... State motto: Kepada Allah Berserah State anthem: Lagu Bangsa Johor Capital Johor Bahru Royal capital Pasir Pelangi1 Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Sultan Sultan Iskandar  - Menteri Besar Abdul Ghani Othman History    - Johor Sultanate 14th century   - British control 1914   - Japanese occupation 1942   - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948  Area  - Total 19,984... The Johor-Singapore Causeway, as viewed from the Woodlands Checkpoint in Singapore, facing towards Johor Bahru, Malaysia. ... Malaysia-Singapore Second Link (Malay: Laluan Kedua Malaysia-Singapura) is a bridge connecting Singapore and Johor, Malaysia. ... Jurong Island is a man-made island located to the southwest of the main island of Singapore, off Jurong Industrial Estate. ... Pulau Tekong lies in the distance in the background, as taken from Changi Beach Park. ... Pulau Ubin is a small island (10. ... The big Merlion statue on Sentosa Central Business District from the Carlsberg Sky Tower. ... // hello!!! so u are a fucker The summit of Bukit Timah, the highest point in Singapore. ...


The south of Singapore, around the mouth of the Singapore River and what is now the Downtown Core, used to be the only concentrated urban area, while the rest of the land was either undeveloped tropical rainforest or used for agriculture. Since the 1960s, the government has constructed new residential towns in outlying areas, resulting in an entirely built-up urban landscape. The Urban Redevelopment Authority was established on 1 April 1974, responsible for urban planning. Singapore River The Singapore River is a small river in terms of physical attributes, but of extreme historical importance to the country of Singapore, the political entity which shares its name. ... Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests of the world Amazon river rain forest in Peru Amazon river rain forest in Brazil Tropical rainforests are rainforests generally found near the equator. ... The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is the national urban planning authority of Singapore, and one of the departments under the Government of Singapore. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Urban planning in Singapore has formulated and guided its physical development from the day the modern city was founded in 1819 as a British colony to the thriving, independent country it is today. ...

Singapore Botanic Gardens, a 67.3-hectare (166 acre) Botanic Gardens in Singapore that includes the National Orchid Garden, which has a collection of more than 3,000 species of orchids.
Singapore Botanic Gardens, a 67.3-hectare (166 acre) Botanic Gardens in Singapore that includes the National Orchid Garden, which has a collection of more than 3,000 species of orchids.

Singapore has on-going land reclamation projects with earth obtained from its own hills, the sea-bed, and neighbouring countries. As a result, Singapore's land area grew from 581.5 km² (224.5 sq mi) in the 1960s to 704 km² (271.8 sq mi) today, and may grow by another 100 km² (38.6 sq mi) by 2030.[29] The projects sometimes involve some of the smaller islands being merged together through land reclamation in order to form larger, more functional islands, such as in the case of Jurong Island. Download high resolution version (1296x972, 563 KB)Lake in Singapore Botanic Gardens - October 2004 Author: Velela. ... Download high resolution version (1296x972, 563 KB)Lake in Singapore Botanic Gardens - October 2004 Author: Velela. ... Symphony Lake at Singapore Botanic Gardens. ... Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Jurong Island is a man-made island located to the southwest of the main island of Singapore, off Jurong Industrial Estate. ...


Under the Köppen climate classification system, Singapore has a tropical rainforest climate with no distinctive seasons. Its climate is characterized by uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. Temperatures range from 22 °C to 34 °C (72° to 93 °F). On average, the relative humidity is around 90 percent in the morning and 60 percent in the afternoon. During prolonged heavy rain, relative humidity often reaches 100 percent.[30] The lowest and highest temperatures recorded in its maritime history are 18.4 °C (65.1 °F) and 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) respectively. The highest wind speed recorded was 150 km/h (93 mph) on 26 May 2007. June and July are the hottest months, while November and December make up the wetter monsoon season. From August to October, there is often haze, sometimes severe enough to prompt public health warnings, due to bushfires in neighbouring Indonesia. Singapore does not observe daylight saving time or a summer time zone change. The length of the day is nearly constant year round due to the country's location near the equator. Updated Köppen-Geiger climate map[1] The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. ... Naples beach in Florida lined with coconut trees is an example of a tropical climate. ... A hygrometer used to measure the humidity of air. ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... For other uses, see Monsoon (disambiguation). ... Backburning in Townsville, Australia. ...


About 23 percent of Singapore's land area consists of forest and nature reserves.[31] Urbanization has eliminated many areas of former primary rainforest, with the only remaining area of primary rainforest being Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. A variety of parks are maintained with human intervention, such as the Singapore Botanic Gardens. The Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia. ... Steps leading to the summit of Bukit Timah. ... Symphony Lake at Singapore Botanic Gardens. ...


Economy

Singapore has a highly developed market-based economy, which historically revolves around extended entrepot trade. Along with Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan, Singapore is one of the Four Asian Tigers. The economy depends heavily on exports refining imported goods, especially in manufacturing. Manufacturing constituted 26 percent of Singapore's GDP in 2005.[32] The manufacturing industry is well-diversified into electronics, petroleum refining, chemicals, mechanical engineering and biomedical sciences manufacturing. In 2006, Singapore produced about 10 percent of the world's foundry wafer output.[33] Singapore is the busiest port in the world in terms of tonnage shipped.[34] Singapore is the world's fourth largest foreign exchange trading centre after London, New York City and Tokyo.[35] The Economy of Singapore is a highly developed and successful free market economy in which the state plays a minimal role, although government entities such as the sovereign wealth fund Temasek control corporations responsible for 60% of GDP. It has an open business environment, relatively corruption-free and transparent, stable... Orchids at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. ... An entrepôt is a trading centre, or simply a warehouse, where merchandise can be imported and re-exported without paying import duties. ... Korean name Hangul: Skyline of Central, Hong Kongs financial centre, over Victoria Harbour (viewed from Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong) Seoul, the capital of South Korea The skyline of Singapores Central Business District (CBD) at dawn. ... It has been suggested that Wafer prober be merged into this article or section. ... The foreign exchange (currency or forex or FX) market exists wherever one currency is traded for another. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation). ...


Singapore has been rated as the most business-friendly economy in the world,[36][37] with thousands of foreign expatriates working in multi-national corporations. The city-state also employs tens of thousands of foreign blue-collared workers around the world. A multinational corporation (MNC) or transnational corporation (TNC) is one that spans multiple nations; these corporations are often very large. ...

Singapore's Central Business District (CBD)
Singapore's Central Business District (CBD)

As a result of global recession and a slump in the technology sector, the country's GDP contracted 2.2 percent in 2001. The Economic Review Committee (ERC) was set up in December 2001, and recommended several policy changes with a view to revitalising the economy. Singapore has since recovered from the recession, largely due to improvements in the world economy; the Singaporean economy itself grew by 8.3 percent in 2004, 6.4 percent in 2005[38] and 7.9 percent in 2006.[39] In the first half of Year 2007, the economy grew by 7.6 percent. The growth forecast for the whole year is expected to be between 7 percent to 8 percent, up from the original estimation of 5 percent to 7 percent.[40] On August 19 2007, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced in his National Day Rally Speech that Singapore's economy is expected to grow by at least 4-6 percent annually over the next 5-10 years. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 495 KB) Awaiting the Future - The future Site of the new Integrated Resort along Marina Bay Marina Bay, Republic of Singapore Img by Calvin Teo, May 2006 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 495 KB) Awaiting the Future - The future Site of the new Integrated Resort along Marina Bay Marina Bay, Republic of Singapore Img by Calvin Teo, May 2006 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file... The Early 2000s recession was felt in mostly Western countries, affecting the European Union mostly during 2000 and 2001 and the United States mostly in 2002 and 2003. ...


The per capita GDP in 2006 was US$29,474.[41] As of September 2007, the unemployment rate is 1.7 percent, which is the lowest in a decade, having improved to around pre-Asian crisis level.[42] Employment continued to grow strongly as the economy maintained its rapid expansion. In the first three quarters of 2007, 171,500 new jobs were created, which is close to the 176,000 for the whole of 2006.[42] For the whole of 2007, Singapore's economy has grown 7.5 percent and drew in a record S$16 billion of fixed asset investments in manufacturing and projects generating S$3 billion of total business spending in services.[43] The government expects the Singapore economy to grow by 4.5 percent to 6.5 percent in 2008.[43]

Orchard Road is decorated for Christmas, 2005.
Orchard Road is decorated for Christmas, 2005.

Singapore introduced a Goods and Services Tax (GST) with an initial rate of 3 percent on 1 April 1994 substantially increasing government revenue by S$1.6 billion and stabilizing government finances.[44] The taxable GST was increased to 4 percent in 2003, to 5 percent in 2004, and to 7 percent on 1st July 2007.[45] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 716 KB) Summary Christmas light-up along Orchard Road, 2005. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 716 KB) Summary Christmas light-up along Orchard Road, 2005. ... Goods and Services Tax (Abbreviation: GST; Chinese: 消费税) was introduced in Singapore on April 1, 1994 at 3%, but later increased to 4% on January 1, 2003 and 5% on January 1, 2004. ...


Singapore is a popular travel destination, making tourism one of its largest industries. About 9.7 million tourists visited Singapore in 2006.[46] The Orchard Road shopping district is one of Singapore's most well-known and popular tourist draws. To attract more tourists, the government decided to legalise gambling and to allow two casino resorts (euphemistically called Integrated Resorts) to be developed at Marina South and Sentosa in 2005.[47] To compete with regional rivals like Hong Kong, Tokyo and Shanghai, the government has announced that the city area would be transformed into a more exciting place by lighting up the civic and commercial buildings.[48] Cuisine has also been heavily promoted as an attraction for tourists, with the Singapore Food Festival in July organized annually to celebrate Singapore's cuisine. Orchids at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. ... Orchard Road is lit up elaborately nearer the end of every year for the Christmas festive season. ... An Integrated Resort (IR) is a mixed-use development containing a casino. ... Marina South (Chinese: 滨海南, Mandarin Pronunciation: Binhainan) is a peninsula adjacent to the Central Business District in Singapore. ... The big Merlion statue on Sentosa Central Business District from the Carlsberg Sky Tower. ... For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ... Chilli Crab, one of the main dishes featured in the Singapore Food Festival The Singapore Food Festival is an annual event that takes place every year from the end of June to the end of July. ...


Singapore is fast positioning itself as a medical tourism hub — about 200,000 foreigners seek medical care in the country each year and Singapore medical services aim to serve one million foreign patients annually by 2012 and generate USD 3 billion in revenue.[49] The government expects that the initiative could create an estimated 13,000 new jobs within the health industries. Medical tourism (also called medical travel or health tourism) is a term initially coined by travel agencies and the mass media to describe the rapidly-growing practice of traveling to another country to obtain health care. ...


Under the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA), Wireless@SG is a government initiative to build Singapore's infocomm infrastructure. Working through IDA's Call-for-Collaboration, SingTel, iCell and QMax deploy a municipal wireless network throughout Singapore. Since late 2006, users have enjoyed free wireless access through Wi-Fi under the "basic-tier" package offered by all three operators for 3 years. IDA Logo The Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) is a statutory board of the Singapore Government. ... Wireless@SG is a wireless broadband programme developed by Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) as part of its Next Generation National Infocomm Infrastructure initiative. ... SingTel (formerly Singapore Telecoms) is Singapores largest telecommunications company. ... Municipal wireless network (AKA Municipal Wi-Fi, Muni Wi-Fi or Muni-Fi) is the concept of turning an entire city into a Wireless Access Zone (WAZ), with the ultimate goal of making wireless access to the Internet a universal service. ...


Free Trade Agreements

Singapore has 14 bilateral and multilateral trade agreements: [50]

The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was established on May 3, 1960 as an alternative for European states that were not allowed or did not wish to join the European Community (now the European Union). ... The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, commonly called Jordan, is a country in the Middle East. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized...

Currency

Main article: Singapore Dollar

The currency of Singapore is the Singapore dollar, represented by the symbol S$ or the abbreviation SGD. The central bank of Singapore is the Monetary Authority of Singapore, responsible for issuing currency. Singapore established the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore, on 7 April 1967[51] and issued its first coins and notes.[52] The Singapore dollar was exchangeable at par with the Malaysian ringgit until 1973.[52] Interchangeability with the Brunei dollar is still maintained.[52][53] On 27 June 2007, to commemorate 40 years of currency agreement with Brunei, a commemorative S$20 note was launched; the back is identical to the Bruneian $20 note launched concurrently.[53][54] ISO 4217 Code SGD User(s) Singapore, Brunei Inflation 1% Source The World Factbook, 2006 est. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...


Military

RSS Formidable during Exercise Malabar 07

The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), currently headed by Minister Teo Chee Hean, oversees the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Navy, and the Republic of Singapore Air Force, collectively known as the Singapore Armed Forces, along with volunteer private companies involved in supporting roles. The Chief of Defence Forces is Lieutenant-General Desmond Kuek Bak Chye. The Ministry of Defence (abbreviated MINDEF) is entrusted with overseeing the defence needs of the Republic of Singapore. ... The Ministry of Defence (abbreviated MINDEF) is entrusted with overseeing the defence needs of the Republic of Singapore. ... Teo Chee Hean Teo Chee Hean (Simplified Chinese: 张志贤; Pinyin: ; born 27 December 1954) is the current Defence Minister of Singapore and a Member of Parliament (MP) for Pasir Ris-Punggol group representation constituency (GRC). ... The Singapore Army (Chinese: 新加坡陆军部队, Malay: Tentera Singapura) is the land force and one of the three services of the Singapore Armed Forces. ... The Republic of Singapore Navy (Abbreviation: RSN; Chinese: 新加坡共和国海军部队; Malay: Angkatan Laut Republik Singapura) is the navy of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), responsible for the defence of Singapore against sea-borne threats and protection of its sea lines of communications. ... The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF, Chinese: 新加坡空军部队; Malay Angkatan Udara Republik Singapura) is the air force branch of the Singapore Armed Forces, established in 1968 as the Singapore Air Defence Command (SADC). ... The Singapore Armed Forces (abbreviation: SAF, Malay: Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura, Simplified Chinese: ) comprises three branches: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ...


The armed forces serve primarily as a deterrent against potential aggressors and also provide humanitarian assistance to other countries. Singapore has mutual defence pacts with several countries, most notably the Five Power Defence Arrangements. There is an extensive overseas network of training grounds in the United States, Australia, Republic of China (Taiwan), New Zealand, France, Thailand, Brunei, India and South Africa. Since 1980, the concept and strategy of "Total Defence" has been adopted in all aspects of security; an approach aimed at strengthening Singapore against all kinds of threats. The Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) are a defence relationship established by an agreement between the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore signed in 1971, whereby the five nations will consult each other in the event of external aggression or threat of attack against Malaysia or Singapore. ... Total Defence logo Total Defence is a concept introduced in Singapore in 1984 to improve readiness in matters related to defence and national security, and is partly based on similar concepts in Switzerland and Sweden. ...


The recent rise in unconventional warfare and terrorism has cast increasing emphasis on non-military aspects of defence. The Gurkha Contingent, part of the Singapore Police Force, is also a counter-terrorist force. In 1991, the hijacking of Singapore Airlines Flight 117 ended in the storming of the aircraft by Singapore Special Operations Force and the subsequent deaths of all four hijackers without injury to either passengers or SOF personnel. A concern is Jemaah Islamiyah, a militant Islamic group whose plan to attack the Australian High Commission was ultimately foiled in 2001. Unconventional warfare (UW) is the opposite of conventional warfare. ... Gurkha Contingent troopers guarding a car park entrance to Raffles City where the 117th IOC Session was held. ... The Jurong Police Division Headquarters at Jurong West Avenue 5. ... Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ... On 26 March 1991, Singapore Airlines flight SQ 117, piloted by Captain Stanley Lim, took off from Subang Airport in Kuala Lumpur with 129 passengers and crew onboard at 1815 hrs. ... SOF exhibition booth displaying their equipment during the National Day Parade celebrations of 2005 at Marina South The Special Operations Force (SOF) is part of the Singapore Armys Commandos arm. ... Jemaah Islamiyah[1] (JI, Arabic phrase meaning Islamic Group or Islamic Community) is a Southeast Asian militant Islamic organization dedicated to the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah[2] (Islamic State) in Southeast Asia incorporating Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern Philippines, Singapore and Brunei[3]. JI was added to the United Nations... The Singapore embassies attack plot was a plan by the Al-Qaeda-affiliated Jemaah Islamiyah to bomb the diplomatic missions and attack personnel of the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Israel in Singapore and several other targets in Singapore. ...


Singapore's defence resources have been used in international humanitarian aid missions, including United Nations peacekeeping assignments involved in 11 different countries.[55] In September 2005, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) sent three CH-47 Chinook helicopters to Louisiana to assist in relief operations for Hurricane Katrina. In the aftermath of the 2004 Asian Tsunami (or Boxing Day Tsunami), the SAF deployed 3 tank landing ships, 12 Super Puma and 8 Chinook helicopters to aid in relief operations to the countries that were affected by the tsunami. It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2005. ... -1...


Singapore Armed Forces

An RSAF CH-47SD lands aboard USS Rushmore during Exercise CARAT 2001
An RSAF CH-47SD lands aboard USS Rushmore during Exercise CARAT 2001

The Singapore Armed Forces, the military forces of Singapore, takes charge of the overall defence of the country. It comprises three branches: the Singapore Army, the land force, the Republic of Singapore Air Force, and the Republic of Singapore Navy, the navy. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 503 pixelsFull resolution (2100 × 1321 pixel, file size: 189 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) OFF THE COAST OF SINGAPORE -- A Singaporean helicopter lands on USS RUSHMORE July 10 during a training exercise that is part of the seventh annual Cooperation... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 503 pixelsFull resolution (2100 × 1321 pixel, file size: 189 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) OFF THE COAST OF SINGAPORE -- A Singaporean helicopter lands on USS RUSHMORE July 10 during a training exercise that is part of the seventh annual Cooperation... USS Rushmore (LSD-47) is a Whidbey Island-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy. ... The Singapore Armed Forces (abbreviation: SAF, Malay: Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura, Simplified Chinese: ) comprises three branches: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). ... The Singapore Army (Chinese: 新加坡陆军部队, Malay: Tentera Singapura) is the land force and one of the three services of the Singapore Armed Forces. ... For other uses, see Army (disambiguation). ... The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF, Chinese: 新加坡空军部队; Malay Angkatan Udara Republik Singapura) is the air force branch of the Singapore Armed Forces, established in 1968 as the Singapore Air Defence Command (SADC). ... The Republic of Singapore Navy (Abbreviation: RSN; Chinese: 新加坡共和国海军部队; Malay: Angkatan Laut Republik Singapura) is the navy of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), responsible for the defence of Singapore against sea-borne threats and protection of its sea lines of communications. ... Naval redirects here. ...


The Singapore Army is one of the three services of the Singapore Armed Forces. It is headed by the Chief of Army (COA), currently Major General Neo Kian Hong. The Army focuses on leveraging technology and weapon systems as "force-multipliers". It is currently undergoing the transformation into, what it calls a 3rd Generation fighting force.[56] The Singapore Armed Forces (abbreviation: SAF, Malay: Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura, Simplified Chinese: ) comprises three branches: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: Fails to assert notability, websearch produces 167 results, most of which are trivial, single-line coverage as a sidenote in an article on something else If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or... A force multiplier is a military term referring to a factor that dramatically increases (hence multiplies) the combat effectiveness of a military force. ...


The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF), the air force branch, guards the airspace of Singapore. The RSAF was established in 1968 as the Singapore Air Defence Command. It operates from four air bases. It also operates its aircraft in several overseas locations in order to provide greater exposure to its pilots. The main aircraft found in its fleet includes F-16 Fighting Falcons, CH-47 Chinook and C-130 Hercules. For a particular Air Force, see List of air forces. ... Airspace means the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a particular country on top of its territory and territorial waters or, more generally, any specific three-dimensional portion of the atmosphere. ... The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a modern multi-role jet fighter aircraft designed in the United States. ... The Boeing CH-47 Chinook is a versatile, twin-engine, tandem rotor heavy-lift helicopter. ... The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine turboprop cargo aircraft and the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. ...


The final branch, the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN), is the navy of the Singapore Armed Forces, responsible for the defence of Singapore against sea-borne threats and protection of its sea lines of communications. Operating within the crowded littoral waters of the Singapore Strait, the RSN is regarded as one of the best in the region.[57] The RSN operates from two bases, Tuas Naval Base and Changi Naval Base, and has a large number of vessels, including 4 submarines, 6 frigates, and 4 amphibious transport docks. All commissioned ships of the RSN have a prefix RSS, which means Republic of Singapore Ship. Naval redirects here. ... The Singapore Armed Forces (abbreviation: SAF, Malay: Angkatan Bersenjata Singapura, Simplified Chinese: ) comprises three branches: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). ... Sea lines of communication (abbreviated as SLOC) is a term describing the primary maritime trade routes between ports. ... A littoral is the region near the shoreline of a body of fresh or salt water. ... Map of the Singapore Strait. ... Tuas Naval Base (TNB) is the second naval base in the history of the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). ... Changi Naval Base (CNB) is the latest naval facility of the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and was built to replace Brani Naval Base. ...


Singapore Police Force

The Singapore Police Force (SPF) is the main agency tasked with maintaining law and order in the country[58]. Formerly known as the Republic of Singapore Police, it has grown from an 11-man organisation to a 38,587 strong force. It enjoys a relatively positive public image,[59] and is credited for helping to arrest Singapore's civic unrests and lawlessness in its early years, and maintaining the low crime rate today.[60] The organisation structure of the SPF is split between the staff and line functions, roughly modelled after the military. There are currently 15 staff departments and 13 line units. The SPF is headquartered in a block at New Phoenix Park in Novena, adjacent to a twin block occupied by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The Jurong Police Division Headquarters at Jurong West Avenue 5. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Novena highlighted in red. ... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ...


Police officers typically respond to calls in rapid-deployment vehicles known as the Fast Response Car. They have been staunch users of Japanese-made saloon cars since the 1980s for patrol duties, with the mainstay models in use being the various generations of the Mitsubishi Lancers, Mazda 323s, Toyota Corollas & Subaru Impreza. A Mazda 323 Fast Response Car from Bukit Timah Neighbourhood Police Centre patrolling along Orchard Road beside Hotel Meridien Singapore Police land division officers typically respond to calls in rapid-deployment vehicles now known as the Fast Response Car (FRC). ... A Ford Taurus, a typical 1990s sedan. ... The Mitsubishi Lancer is a compact car built by Mitsubishi Motors. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mazda Familia. ... The Toyota Corolla is a compact car produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. ...

An SCDF Combined Platform Ladder (CPL) Vehicle
An SCDF Combined Platform Ladder (CPL) Vehicle

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x1024, 288 KB) A Singapore Civil Defence Force combined platform ladder in Bukit Batok, Singapore. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x1024, 288 KB) A Singapore Civil Defence Force combined platform ladder in Bukit Batok, Singapore. ...

Singapore Civil Defence Force

The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) is the main agency in charge of the provision of emergency services in Singapore during peacetime and emergencies. A uniformed organisation under the purview of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the SCDF provides ambulance, fire fighting and emergency response services to the Republic of Singapore. It also plays a major role in the Republic's disaster relief operations. It is branched into 6 Operational and Training Divisions beneath the Headquarters Element. Of these six, four are known as Operational Divisions, also known as Territorial Divisions, and each cover vast sections of Singapore corresponding roughly to the four cardinal points of the compass. The Singapore Civil Defence Force (abbreviation: SCDF; Chinese: 新加坡民防部队; Malay: Pasukan Pertahanan Awam Singapura) is the main agency in charge of the provision of emergency services in Singapore during peacetime and emergency. ... Emergency services are services that deal with emergencies and other aspects of Public Safety. ... MHA Logo with other Home Team Departments The Ministry of Home Affairs (Abbreviation: MHA; Simplified Chinese: ; Malay: Kementerian Dalam Negeri) is a ministry of the Singapore Government. ... An ambulance in San Jose del Cabo, Mexico A Helicopter used as an Ambulance. ... A repair locker hose team aboard USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67) combats a controlled fire on the mobile aircraft firefighting training device May 2, 2006. ... Emergency operations or Emergency preparedness is a set of doctrines to prepare civil society to cope with natural or man-made disasters. ...


The SCDF maintains a large fleet of custom vehicles, called appliances, to provide an emergency response force capable of mitigating any and all kinds of fires and disasters. Ranging from the generic fire truck and ambulance to more sophisticated mobile command structures and disaster mitigation vehicles of all kinds, many of the appliances were designed and commissioned by the Force itself rather than obtaining ready-made designs from industries. Engine 4 - City of Chico, CA A Fire Engine is one of many specialized fire suppression apparatuses. ... An ambulance in San Jose del Cabo, Mexico A Helicopter used as an Ambulance. ...


National Service

Singapore legislation requires every able-bodied male Singapore citizen and second-generation permanent resident to undertake National Service for a minimum of 2 years upon reaching 18 years of age or completion of his studies (whichever comes first), with exemption on medical or other grounds. After serving for two years, every male is considered operationally ready, and is liable for reservist national service to the age of 40 (50 for commissioned officers). More than 350,000 men serve as operationally-ready servicemen assigned to reservist combat units, and another 72,500 men form the full-time national service and regular corps. National Service (NS) is the name given to the compulsory conscription in Singapore of all male Singaporean citizens and second-generation permanent residents upon reaching the age of 18. ... National Service (NS) is the name given to the compulsory conscription in Singapore of all male Singaporean citizens and second-generation permanent residents upon reaching the age of 18. ...


Demographics

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Population

Built in 1843, the Sri Mariamman Temple is the largest Hindu temple in Singapore. It is also one of the many religious buildings marked as national monuments for their historical value.
Built in 1843, the Sri Mariamman Temple is the largest Hindu temple in Singapore. It is also one of the many religious buildings marked as national monuments for their historical value.

According to government statistics, the population of Singapore as of September 2007 was 4.68 million, of whom 3.7 million were Singaporean citizens and permanent residents (termed 'Singapore Residents').[61] Chinese formed 75.2% of 'Singapore Residents', Malays 13.6%, Indians 8.8%, while Eurasians and other groups formed 2.4%. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 599 KB) Summary Sri Mariamman Temple. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 599 KB) Summary Sri Mariamman Temple. ... For other temples with the same name, see Sri Mariamman Temple. ... Temple of Hephaestus, an Doric Greek temple in Athens with the original entrance facing east, 449 BC (western face depicted) For other uses, see Temple (disambiguation). ... The Preservation of Monuments Board (PMB), a statutory board under the Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts (MICA), has so far gazetted 54 buildings and structures in Singapore as the National Monuments of Singapore. ... The national flag of Singapore Singaporean nationality law is derived from the Constitution of Singapore and is based on jus sanguinis and a modified form of jus soli. ... The Malays in Singapore (Malay : Orang Melayu Singapura) constitute 13. ... The community of Eurasians in Singapore refers to people descended from Europeans who intermarried with local Asians. ...


In 2006 the crude birth rate stood at 10.1 per 1000, a very low level attributed to birth control policies, and the crude death rate was also one of the lowest in the world at 4.3 per 1000. The total population growth was 4.4% with Singapore residents growth at 1.8%. The higher percentage growth rate is largely from net immigration, but also increasing life expectancy. Singapore is the second-most densely populated independent country in the world after Monaco, excluding Macao and Hong Kong, which are special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China. In 1957, Singapore's population was approximately 1.45 million, and there was a relatively high birth rate. Aware of the country's extremely limited natural resources and small territory, the government introduced birth control policies in the late 1960s. In the late 1990s, the population was ageing, with fewer people entering the labour market and a shortage of skilled workers. In a dramatic reversal of policy, the Singapore government introduce a "baby bonus" scheme in 2001 (enhanced in August 2004) that encouraged couples to have more children.[62] Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... National motto: none Official language Chinese and Portuguese Chief Executive Edmund Ho Hau-wah Area - Total - % water Not ranked 27. ... A Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the Peoples Republic of China is an administrative division of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...


In 2006, the total fertility rate was only 1.26 children per woman, the 3rd lowest in the world and well below the 2.10 needed to replace the population. [63] In 2006, 38,317 babies were born, compared to around 37,600 in 2005. This number, however, is not sufficient to maintain the population growth. To overcome this problem, the government is encouraging foreigners to immigrate to Singapore. These large numbers of immigrants have kept Singapore's population from declining.[64]


Religion

Main article: Religion in Singapore
Singapore religiosity
religion percent
Buddhism
 
42.5%
Irreligion
 
14.8%
Christianity
 
14.6%
Islam
 
13.9%
Taoism
 
8.5%
Hinduism
 
4%
Others
 
1.6%

Singapore is a multi-religious country. According to Statistics Singapore, around 51 percent of resident Singaporeans (excluding significant numbers of visitors and migrant workers) practice Buddhism and Taoism. About 15 percent, mostly Chinese , Eurasians, and Indians, practice Christianity - a broad classification including Catholicism, Protestantism and other denominations. Muslims constitute 14 percent, of whom Malays account for the majority with a substantial number of Indian Muslims and Chinese Muslims. Smaller minorities practice Sikhism, Hinduism, the Bahá'í Faith and others, according to the 2000 census.[65] Singapore is a multi-religious country, due its diverse mix of peoples originating from various countries and ethnic groups. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 590 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Saint Andrews Cathedral. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 590 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Saint Andrews Cathedral. ... The Saint Andrews Cathedral is the largest Cathedral in Singapore. ... Singapore is a multi-religious country, due its diverse mix of peoples originating from various countries and ethnic groups. ... Buddhism is a variety of teachings described as a religion[1] or way of life that attempts to identify the causes of human suffering and offer various ways that are claimed to end, or ease suffering. ... Taoism (or Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical traditions and concepts. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... // The early 19th century saw a wave of immigrants from southern India, mostly Tamils, to work as coolies and labourers for the British East India Company in Singapore. ... This article is about the generally recognized global religious community. ...


Some religious materials and practices are banned in Singapore. The Jehovah Witnesses, for example, are prohibited from distributing religious materials[66] and are sometimes jailed for their pacifist refusals to serve in the Singaporean military.[67] Jehovahs Witnesses (JW) are members of a worldwide Christian denomination. ...


About 15 percent of the population declared no religious affiliation.


Education

Students having assembly in the hall of a Singapore secondary school.
Students having assembly in the hall of a Singapore secondary school.

English is the first language learned by half the children by the time they reach preschool age and is the primary medium of instruction in primary school; however mother tongues are taught in the respective languages. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 2321 KB) Summary Students of Nan Hua High School gathering in the School Hall. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 2321 KB) Summary Students of Nan Hua High School gathering in the School Hall. ... Educational oversight Minister Ministry of Education Tharman Shanmugaratnam National education budget S$6. ...


Many children attend private kindergartens until they start at primary school at the age of six. Singapore's ruling political party, the PAP, is a big provider of preschool education through its community arm.


English is the language of instruction for mathematics and the natural sciences. For the Chinese community, there are Special Assistance Plan schools which receive extra funding to teach in Mandarin. Some schools also integrate language subjects with mathematics and the sciences, using both English and a second language. The Special Assistance Plan (Abbreviation: SAP; simplified Chinese: ) is a programme in Singapore which caters to academically strong students who excel in both their mother tongue as well as English. ...


Curricular standards are set by the Ministry of Education with a mix of private schools and public schools. There is no strict public-private dichotomy: the degree of autonomy, regarding curriculum and student admission, government funding received, and tuition burden on the students is further classified into "government-run", "government-aided", "autonomous", "independent", and "privately-funded".[68] In addition, international schools cater to expatriate students, and to a few local students given permission by the education ministry. Ministry of Education Headquarters at Buona Vista The Ministry Of Education is a ministry of the government of Singapore that directs the formulation and implementation of policies related to education in Singapore. ... International schools are private schools that cater mainly to children who are not nationals of the host country, often the children of the staff of international businesses, international organizations, embassies, missions, or missionary programs. ... For the band, see Expatriate (band). ...


There are four state universities in Singapore; the National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Management University and SIM University. A further public university is under consideration as the government looks to provide higher education for 30 percent of each cohort[69]. There are also five polytechnics (Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore Polytechnic, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Nanyang Polytechnic and Republic Polytechnic). Unlike similarly named institutions in many other countries, Singapore polytechnics do not teach to degree level. The following is a list of universities in Singapore: NTU, NUS and SIM are also members of the LAOTSE-Network. ... Malay name Malay: Universiti Nasional Singapura Tamil name Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் தேசிய பல்கலைக்கழகம் University Cultural Centre The National University of Singapore (Abbreviation: NUS) is Singapores oldest university. ... Malay name Malay: Universiti Teknologi Nanyang Tamil name Tamil: நன்யாங் தொழில்நுட்ப பல்கலைக்கழகம் Nanyang Technological University (Abbreviation: NTU) is a major research university in Singapore. ... The Singapore Management University (Abbreviation: SMU; Chinese: 新加坡管理大学; Malay: Universiti Pengurusan Singapura) was officially incorporated on January 12, 2000, and holds the unique position of being Singapores first private university funded by the government. ... SIM University (UniSIM) The University for Working Professionals and Adult Learners Corporate Profile SIM University (UniSIM) is Singapores first private university for adult learners. ... Bold text Temasek Polytechnic (Abbreviation: TP; Chinese: 淡馬錫理工學院; Malay: Poli-tek-nik Temasek) is the third polytechnic to be set up in Singapore. ... Singapore Polytechnic (Abbreviation: SP; Chinese: 新加坡理工學院), the first polytechnic established in Singapore, was founded in 1954. ... Ngee Ann Polytechnic (Simplified Chinese: ), one of the most established polytechnics in Singapore, was founded in 1963 as Ngee Ann College with 116 students. ... Nanyang Polytechnic (Abbreviation: NYP; Chinese: 南洋理工学院; Malay: Politeknik Nanyang) is a modern campus located in Ang Mo Kio next to Yio Chu Kang MRT Station, Singapore. ... Empty Classroom Republic Polytechnic (Chinese: 共和理工学院) is the fifth and newest polytechnic to be set up in Singapore and utilises the problem-based learning (PBL) approach. ...


The educational system features non-compulsory kindergarten for three years, followed by six years of primary education concluding with the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE). Four to five years of secondary education follow, leading to N level or Singaporean GCE 'O' Level examinations that assess their individual subject mastery and determine which kind of tertiary education they can pursue. Wikibooks has a book on the topic of PSLE Study Guide The Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) is a national examination taken by all primary school students in Singapore near the end of the sixth year, before they leave for secondary school. ... The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education (Ordinary Level) Examination is an annual examination given in Singapore. ... ...


Junior colleges like Tampines Junior College and Millennia Institute provide a two or three-year pre-university education route to university. An alternative, the Integrated Programme, lets the more academically-inclined skip 'O' levels to proceed straight to 'A' levels. Polytechnics offer courses leading to a diploma for students as a substitute for 'A' levels while tertiary institutions offer various bachelor's, master's, doctoral degrees, other higher diplomas, and associate degree courses. Main Structures Auditorium Millennia Institute (Abbreviation: MI; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Abbreviated 励仁高中; Malay: Institut Millennia) is the only Centralised Institute (CI) in Singapore. ... The Integrated Programme (Abbreviation: IP), also known as through-train programme (直通车), is a scheme which allows the cream of secondary schools in Singapore to bypass the O levels and take the A levels, International Baccalaureate or an equivalent examination directly at the age of 18 after six years of secondary... The term polytechnic, from the Greek πολύ polú meaning many and τεχνικός tekhnikós meaning arts, is commonly used in many countries to describe an institution that delivers vocational or technical education and training, other countries do not use the term and use alternative terminology. ...


Other institutes include the National Institute of Education (NIE), a teaching college to train teachers, various management institutes, and vocational education institutes such as the Institute of Technical Education (ITE). A blacksmith is a traditional trade. ... Establish on 1 April 1992, ITE is a statutory board under the Ministry of Education in Singapore. ...


The Economic Development Board (EDB) has been actively recruiting foreign schools to set up campuses in Singapore under the "Global Schoolhouse" programme which aims to attract 150000 foreign students by 2015[70]. INSEAD, a leading business school, opened its first overseas campus here in 2001, while ESSEC Business School, a century-old Parisian business school, provide courses specific to Asia. University of Chicago Graduate School of Business has a campus here as well. Tisch School of the Arts was the latest to set up a branch campus here in 2007. INSEAD is a graduate business school and research institution with campuses in Fontainebleau (near Paris), France and in Singapore. ... The ESSEC (École Supérieure des Sciences Économiques et Commerciales) is one of the leading business schools in France. ... The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, also known as Chicago GSB, is one of the world’s leading business schools and the second oldest in the United States. ... Tisch School of the Arts (known more commonly as Tisch or TSOA) is one of the 15 schools that make up New York University (NYU). ...


However, the EDB failed to attract and retain Warwick University and University of New South Wales, respectively, citing lack of academic freedom [71] and financial concerns [72]. University of Warwick Motto: Mens agitat molem Logo © University of Warwick The University of Warwick is a world-class campus university which, despite its name, is located mainly inside the southern boundary of Coventry, England, some 11 km ( 7 miles) from the town of Warwick, the remainder of the campus... The University of New South Wales, also known as UNSW or colloquially as New South, is a university situated in Kensington, a suburb in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ...


In 1999, the Ministry of Education started the Programme for Rebuilding and Improving Existing schools (PRIME) to upgrade school buildings, many of which were built over 20 to 30 years ago, in phases at a cost of S$4.5 billion.[73] This programme achieves to provide a better school environment for the students by upgrading school buildings to latest standards. In 2005, the Flexible School Infrastructure (FlexSI) framework was implemented through the building of modular classrooms which can be opened up for larger lectures, and allowing a school's staff members to mould their school's designs to suit the school's unique identity and culture. At the same time, an indoor sports hall will be provided to every school so that schools can carry out physical education lessons in inclement weather.[74] A new school building at Aljunied, being constructed under PRIME. Programme for Rebuilding and IMproving Existing schools (Abbreviation: PRIME; Simplified Chinese: ) is a programme initiated by the Ministry of Education in 1999 to upgrade and rebuild existing school buildings in Singapore to provide a conducive learning environment for the students. ...


Foreign relations

Singapore maintains diplomatic relations with 175 countries [75] although it does not maintain a high commission or embassy in many of those countries. It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth, ASEAN and the Non-Aligned Movement. Due to obvious geographical reasons, relations with Malaysia and Indonesia are most important but the domestic politics of the three countries often threatens their relations. On the other hand, Singapore enjoys good relations with many European nations, including France, Germany and the United Kingdom, the latter sharing ties via the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) along with Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand. Good relations are also maintained with the United States, a country perceived as a stabilizing force in the region to counterbalance the regional powers. Singapore maintains diplomatic relations with 175 countries [1] although it does not maintain a high commission or embassy in many of those countries. ... A High Commissioner is a person serving in a special executive capacity. ... - Seal on the building of German Embassies. ... UN redirects here. ... The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2007 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders  -  Queen Elizabeth II  -  Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma Appointed 24 November 2007 Establishment  -  Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926   -  Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931   -  London Declaration 28 April 1949  Area  -  Total... ASEAN[1], pronounced // (AH-SEE-AHN) in English, or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed on August 8, 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand[2] as a display of solidarity... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005). ... The Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) are a defence relationship established by an agreement between the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore signed in 1971, whereby the five nations will consult each other in the event of external aggression or threat of attack against Malaysia or Singapore. ...


Singapore supports the concept of Southeast Asian regionalism and plays an active role in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), of which Singapore is a founding member. Singapore is also a member of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, which has its Secretariat in Singapore. Singapore also has close relations with fellow ASEAN nation Brunei and maintains Army training facilities in the Sultanate. For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... Hymn The ASEAN Hymn Jakarta, Indonesia Membership 10 Southeast Asian states Leaders  -  Secretary General Ong Keng Yong Area  -  Total 4,497,4931 km²  Expression error: Unrecognised punctuation character , sq mi  Population  -   estimate 566. ... APEC can also stand for Atlantic Provinces Economic Council Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a group of Pacific Rim countries who meet with the purpose of improving economic and political ties. ...


Disputes

Singapore has several long-standing disputes with Malaysia over a number of issues:

The ownership of Pedra Branca, an outcrop of rocks, is currently disputed between Singapore and Malaysia
The ownership of Pedra Branca, an outcrop of rocks, is currently disputed between Singapore and Malaysia
  • The Singapore-occupied island known as Pedra Branca in Singapore and as Pulau Batu Puteh in Malaysia (names mean "White Rock" in Portuguese and "White Rock Island" in Malay respectively), located 24 nautical miles (44 km) off the east coast of Singapore with a land area of 2,000 m² (2,392 sq yd) (the island also comprises Middle Rocks which are two clusters of rocks situated 0.6 nmi (1.1 km) south of Pedra Branca, and South Ledge, a rock formation which can be seen only at low tide). Both countries have staked a claim on the island and have been unable to settle the dispute between themselves. The case was heard at the International Court of Justice in 2007, with both parties presenting their case. It is expected that the court will deliver its judgment in September 2008.[77]
  • Relocating the Singapore station of Malaysia's Keretapi Tanah Melayu from Tanjong Pagar to Bukit Timah (see Malaysia-Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990) and moving Malaysia's immigration checkpoint from the railway station to the Causeway
  • Not allowing laid off workers, employed in Singapore shipyards in 1998, to receive their Central Provident Funds (CPF) contributions, which are estimated to be RM2.4 billion.

Changi Airport redirects here. ... For other uses, see Kuala Lumpur International Airport (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Pedra Branca or Pulau Batu Puteh (both meaning white rock in Portuguese and Malay respectively) is an outcrop of rocks situated where the Singapore Strait, specifically Straits of Johor, meets the South China Sea, measuring at its longest, during low water spring tide, a mere 137 meters. ... Pedra Branca or Pulau Batu Puteh (both meaning white rock in Portuguese and Malay respectively) is an outcrop of rocks situated where the Singapore Strait, specifically Straits of Johor, meets the South China Sea, measuring at its longest, during low water spring tide, a mere 137 meters. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of length. ... “km” redirects here. ... Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) or Malayan Railway Limited is the main rail operator in Peninsular Malaysia. ... Malaysia-Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990 (POA) is a agreement between the two Southeast Asian countries regarding the future of railway land own by the Malaysian government through Malayan Railways (Keretapi Tanah Melayu or KTM) in Singapore. ... The Central Provident Fund (CPF) (Chinese: 公积金) is a comprehensive social security savings plan which aims to provide working Singaporeans with a sense of security and confidence in their old age. ...

Languages

Official sign showing Singapore's four official languages: English, Mandarin, Tamil, and Malay.
Official sign showing Singapore's four official languages: English, Mandarin, Tamil, and Malay.

The national language of Singapore is Malay for historical reasons, and it is used in the national anthem, "Majulah Singapura". The official languages are English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. English has been promoted as the country's language of administration since its independence. The English used is primarily based on British English, with some American English influences. The use of English became widespread in Singapore after it was implemented as a first language medium in the education system, and English is the most common language in Singaporean literature. In school, children are required to learn English and one of the three other official languages. Public signs and official publications are in English, although there are usually translated versions in other official languages. However, most Singaporeans speak a localised hybrid form of English known as Singlish ("Singapore English"), which has many creole-like characteristics, incorporating vocabulary and grammar from Standard English, various Chinese dialects, Malay, and Indian languages.The second-most common language in Singapore is Mandarin with over seventy percent of the population having it as a second language. An official language is a language that is given a unique status in the constitutions of countries, states, and other territories. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Mandarin may mean: Mandarin (linguistics), a group of dialects of spoken Chinese, or more specifically, its standardized version, Standard Mandarin Mandarin (bureaucrat), a bureaucrat of Imperial China, Vietnam and Korea, and in the United Kingdom and Canada, by analogy, any government bureaucrat Mandarin Airlines, a subsidiary of China Airlines Mandarin... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Look up Malay in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... There are a multitude of languages spoken in Singapore that reflects its multi-racial society. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... A giant Singapore flag suspended from a CH-47 Chinook helicopter during a National Day Parade rehearsal. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... Map of eastern China and Taiwan, showing the historic distribution of Mandarin Chinese in light brown. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... British English (BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere in the Anglophone world. ... For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ... Educational oversight Minister Ministry of Education Tharman Shanmugaratnam National education budget S$6. ... The literature of Singapore comprises a collection of literary works by Singaporeans in the countrys four main languagues: English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. ... Singlish is an English-based creole language native to Singapore. ... A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable language that originates seemingly as a new language, sometimes with features that are not inherited from any apparent source, without however qualifying in any appreciable way as a mixed language. ... Spoken Chinese Spoken Chinese comprises many regional variants. ... Map of eastern China and Taiwan, showing the historic distribution of Mandarin Chinese in light brown. ... A second language (L2) is any language learned after the first language or mother tongue (L1). ...


Culture

Main article: Culture of Singapore

Singapore is a mixture of an indigenous Malay population with a third generation Chinese majority, as well as Indian and Arab immigrants with some intermarriages.[78] There also exist significant Eurasian and Peranakan (known also as 'Straits Chinese') communities. As Singapore is a small and relatively modern amalgam of Chinese, Malay, Indian and European immigrants, the culture of Singapore expresses the diversity of the population as the various ethnic groups continue to celebrate their own cultures while they intermingle with one another. ... The Malays in Singapore (Malay : Orang Melayu Singapura) constitute 13. ... Chinatown was an enclave for the early Chinese immigrants in Singapore in the 19th and early 20th centuries. ... The term Indian Singaporean refers to any Singapore citizen of South Asian ancestry. ... Most Arab Singaporeans have come in the past from Hadhramaut region in Yemen and are Muslim. ... Eurasian Singaporean is an umbrella term to describe a community in Singapore descended from Europeans who married local Asians. ... Peranakan, Baba-Nyonya () and Straits Chinese (; named after the Straits Settlements) are terms used for the descendants of the very early Chinese immigrants to the Nusantara region, including both the British Straits Settlements of Malaya and the Dutch-controlled island of Java among other places, who have partially adopted Malay...


Cuisine

Enjoying Singaporean cuisine. Hawker centres and kopi tiams are evenly distributed.
Enjoying Singaporean cuisine. Hawker centres and kopi tiams are evenly distributed.
Main article: Cuisine of Singapore

Singaporean cuisine is an example of diversity and cultural diffusion in Singapore, with a fusion of Chinese, Indian, Malay and Tamil influences. In Singapore's hawker centres traditionally Malay hawker stalls selling halal food may serve halal versions of traditionally Tamil food. Chinese food stalls may introduce indigenous Malay ingredients or cooking techniques. This continues to make the cuisine of Singapore a significant cultural attraction. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 998 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Singapore Culture of Singapore Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 998 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Singapore Culture of Singapore Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... The cuisine of Singapore is often viewed by her population as a prime example of the ethnic diversity of the culture of Singapore. ... A hawker centre in Lavender, Singapore The Maxwell Food Centre near Singapores Chinatown is a popular food haunt for Singaporeans. ... A Kopitiam or kopi tiam is a traditional breakfast and coffee shop found in Singapore and Malaysia in Southeast Asia. ... The cuisine of Singapore is often viewed by her population as a prime example of the ethnic diversity of the culture of Singapore. ... China has one of the richest culinary heritages on Earth. ... Malaysian cuisine reflects the multi-racial aspects of Malaysia. ... Tamil cuisine is one of the oldest vegetarian culinary heritages in the world. ... A hawker centre in Lavender, Singapore The Maxwell Food Centre near Singapores Chinatown is a popular food haunt for Singaporeans. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Halal (حلال, alāl, halaal) is an Arabic term meaning permissible. In the English language it most frequently refers to food that is permissible according to Islamic law. ... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ...


Local foods are diverse, ranging from Hainanese chicken rice to satay. Singaporeans also enjoy a wide variety of seafood including crabs, clams, squid, and oysters. One such dish is stingray barbecued and served on banana leaf and with sambal or chili. Hainanese chicken rice (Simplified Chinese: 海南鸡饭; Traditional Chinese: 海南雞飯; pinyin: Hǎinán jīfàn) is a rice dish most commonly associated with Singaporean cuisine, although it is also commonly sold in neighbouring Malaysia and found in Hainan itself. ... Grilled beef satay. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...


Amongst locals, popular dishes include bak chor mee, mee poh, sambal stingray, laksa, nasi lemak, chili crab and satay. All of which, can be found at local hawker centres around Singapore.


Performing arts

Esplanade, Theatres on the Bay
Esplanade, Theatres on the Bay
See also: Music of Singapore

Since the 1990s, the government has been striving to promote Singapore as a centre for arts and culture, and to transform the country into a cosmopolitan 'gateway between the East and West'.[79] The highlight of these efforts was the construction of Esplanade, a centre for performing arts that opened on October 12, 2002.[80] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 476 pixelsFull resolution (900 × 535 pixel, file size: 95 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 476 pixelsFull resolution (900 × 535 pixel, file size: 95 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Singapore has long had a burgeoning urban musical scene, and is a center for rock, punk and other popular genres in the region. ... The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of both cultural and ethnic diversity within the demographics of a particular social space. ... The durian-shaped Esplanade stands out in front of the Marina Square area The Esplanade at night. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...


An annual arts festival is also organised by the National Arts Council that incorporates theatre arts, dance, music and visual arts, among other possibilities. The Singapore Arts Festival is an annual arts festival held in Singapore. ...


A first Singapore Biennale took place in 2006 to showcase contemporary art from around the world. The next one will be in 2008 which will feature Southeast Asian works. The Singapore Biennale (Chinese: 新加坡双年展) is a biennale in Singapore which commenced on 4 September 2006 and will end on 12 November. ...


Media

Main article: Media of Singapore

Around 38,000 people work in the media in Singapore, including publishing, print, broadcasting, film, music, digital and IT media sectors. The industry contributed 1.56% to Singapore's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2001 with an annual turnover of S$10 billion. The industry grew at an average rate of 7.7% annually from 1990 to 2000, and the government seeks to increase its GDP contribution to 3% by 2012. The media of Singapore play an important role in Singapore, one of the key strategic media centres in the Asia-Pacific region [1]. This is in line with the governments aggressive push to establish Singapore as a media hub in the world under the Media 21 plan launched in... GDP redirects here. ... The Singapore dollar, divided into 100 cents, is the monetary unit of Singapore (currency code SGD). ...


The Singapore government says the media play an important role in the country, and describes the city as one of the key strategic media centres in the Asia-Pacific region.[81] The goal of the government's Media 21 plan, launched in 2002,[82] is to establish Singapore as a global media hub. Map showing general definition of Asia-Pacific The term Asia-Pacific generally applies to littoral East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australasia near the Pacific Ocean, plus the states in the ocean itself (Oceania). ...


In its Annual Worldwide Press Freedom Index for 2004, Reporters Without Borders ranked Singapore 147 out of 167. Most of the local media are directly or indirectly controlled by the government through shareholdings of these media entities by the state's investment arm Temasek Holdings, and are often perceived as pro-government.


Broadcasting

State-owned MediaCorp operates all seven free-to-air terrestrial local television channels licensed to broadcast in Singapore, as well as 14 radio channels. Radio and television stations are all government-owned entities. All seven television channels are owned by MediaCorp. The radio stations are mainly operated by MediaCorp with the exception of four stations, which are operated by SAFRA Radio and SPH UnionWorks respectively. Private ownership of satellite dish receivers capable of viewing uncensored televised content from abroad is illegal. Broadcasting in Singapore began in 1936 when Radio Singapura was established as the first local mass market radio service. ... // MediaCorp (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a conglomeration group of commercial media companies in Singapore specializing largely in television and radio broadcasting, and to a lesser extent, in periodicals and newspaper publishing and filmmaking. ... SAFRA Radio, established since 1994, is the nation’s foremost source of defence news. ... SPH UnionWorks is a 80-20 joint venture between SPH Multimedia and NTUC Media. ...


Print

The Straits Times, the most circulated newspaper in the country
The Straits Times, the most circulated newspaper in the country

There are a total of 16 newspapers in active circulation. Daily newspapers are published in English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. This is list of newspapers in Singapore according to the languages: // Chinese Friday Weekly Lianhe Zaobao Lianhe Wanbao Shin Min Daily News Thumbs Up English The Straits Times The Sunday Times The New Paper The New Paper on Sunday Today Business The Business Times Financial Times Malay Berita Harian Berita... File links The following pages link to this file: The Straits Times ... File links The following pages link to this file: The Straits Times ... Reading the newspaper: Brookgreen Gardens in Pawleys Island, South Carolina. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ...


Print is dominated by Singapore Press Holdings (SPH), the government-linked publisher of the flagship English-language daily, The Straits Times. SPH publishes all other daily newspapers with the exception of Today, a free English-language tabloid published by the state-owned broadcaster MediaCorp. Singapore Press Holdings Limited (SPH) is a media organisation in Singapore with businesses in print, Internet and new media, television and radio, outdoor media, and property. ... The Straits Times is an English-language broadsheet newspaper based in Singapore, currently owned by the Singapore Press Holdings (SPH). ... Today is a free English-language tabloid in Singapore published by government-owned Mediacorp Press. ... // MediaCorp (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a conglomeration group of commercial media companies in Singapore specializing largely in television and radio broadcasting, and to a lesser extent, in periodicals and newspaper publishing and filmmaking. ...


There are also several popular magazines circulating in Singapore, like i-weekly, 8 days, Maxim Singapore and FHM Singapore.


Sport and recreation

Main article: Sports in Singapore

Singaporeans participate in a wide variety of sports and recreational activities. Favorite sports include football, cricket, swimming, badminton, basketball, rugby union, volleyball and table tennis. Most people live in public residential areas that often provide amenities such as swimming pools, outdoor basketball courts and indoor sport complexes. As might be expected on an island, water sports are popular, including sailing, kayaking and water skiing. Scuba diving is another recreation, particularly around the southern island of Pulau Hantu which is known for its rich coral reefs. Aide Iskandar, captain of the Singapore national football team, hoists the Tiger Cup in 2004 Within the Culture of Singapore, Singaporeans participate in a wide variety of sports for recreation as well as competition. ... For the ball used in this sport, see Volleyball (ball). ... It has been suggested that Public housing in Singapore be merged into this article or section. ... Pulau Hantu is located to the south of the main island of Singapore, off the Straits of Singapore. ...

Closing ceremony for the National Stadium
Closing ceremony for the National Stadium

The 55,000 National Stadium, Singapore, located in Kallang was opened in July 1973 and was used for sporting, cultural, entertainment and national events until its official closure on 30 June 2007 to make way for the Singapore Sports Hub on the same site. This sports complex is expected to be ready by 2011 and will comprise a new 55,000-capacity National Stadium with a retractable roof, a 6,000-capacity indoor aquatic centre, a 400-metre warm-up athletic track and a 3,000-seater multi-purpose arena. 36,000 square metres of space have also been reserved for commercial development. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 212 pixelsFull resolution (6752 × 1787 pixel, file size: 4. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 212 pixelsFull resolution (6752 × 1787 pixel, file size: 4. ... The Singapore National Stadium (Chinese: 国家体育场; Malay: Stadium Nasional Singapura) is located in Kallang. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The Singapore Sports Hub (Simplified Chinese: ) is a proposed sports complex located in Kallang, Singapore to be built on the present site of the National Stadium, which was officially closed on 30 June 2007. ...


Golf is gaining popularity among Singaporeans. There are 15 golf clubs in Singapore. Some golfers prefer travelling to regional golf courses especially in Johor, Malaysia, due to relatively cheaper club membership.


Singaporean sportsmen have performed in regional as well as international competitions in sports such as table tennis, badminton, bowling, sailing, silat, swimming and water polo. Athletes such as Fandi Ahmad, Ang Peng Siong, Li Jiawei and Ronald Susilo have become household names in the country. Ping Pong redirects here. ... This article is about the sport. ... the sport of cricket|Bowling (cricket)}} For other uses, see Bowling (disambiguation). ... For either of the songs named Sailing, see Sailing (song). ... Silat or Pencak Silat is an umbrella term for a martial art form originating from the regions of the Malay Archipelago. ... Swimmer redirects here. ... Water polo is a team water sport. ... A tribute to Fandi Ahmad at the Sports Museum of Singapores National Stadium. ... Ang Peng Siong (b. ... Template:Infobox Table Tennis player Li Jiawei (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) (born 9 August 1981 in Beijing) is a Singaporean table tennis player who finished in fourth-place in the womens singles at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. ... Ronald Susilo Ronald Susilo (born June 6, 1979, Kediri, Indonesia) is a Singaporean badminton player. ...


The Singapore Slingers joined the Australian National Basketball League in 2006 and have three Singaporeans in their squad. Despite being the team with the largest support pool in the NBL, they generally get the smallest crowds in the NBL. The Singapore Slingers are the first Asian-based club in the Australian National Basketball League and joined at the start of the 2006/07 season. ... The National Basketball League is Australias top-level professional basketball competition. ...


Beginning in 2008, Singapore will be hosting a round of the Formula One World Championship. The race will be staged at the Singapore Street Circuit in the Marina Bay area and will become the first night race on the F1 circuit[83] and the first street circuit in Asia[84]. The Singapore Grand Prix is a Formula One auto race to be held in Singapore from 2008. ... The Singapore Street Circuit is a street-based circuit around the city states Marina Bay. ... For the neighborhood in Richmond, California, United States, see Marina Bay, Richmond, California. ...


On 21 February 2008, the IOC announced[85] that Singapore has won the bid to host the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in 2010. Singapore beat Moscow in the final by 53 votes to 44. is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Alternative meanings at IOC (disambiguation) The International Olympic Committee is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organize this sports event every four years. ... The Youth Olympic Games (YOG)[1] are planned to be an international multi-sport event held every four years in staggered summer and winter events complementing the current Olympic Games,[2] and will feature athletes between the ages of 14 and 18. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...


Architecture

The three tallest buildings in Singapore are located at Raffles Place, namely, from left to right, Republic Plaza, UOB Plaza One and OUB Centre. All three buildings are 280 metres in height.
The three tallest buildings in Singapore are located at Raffles Place, namely, from left to right, Republic Plaza, UOB Plaza One and OUB Centre. All three buildings are 280 metres in height.

The architecture of Singapore is varied, reflecting the ethnic build-up of the country. Singapore has several ethnic neighbourhoods, including Chinatown and Little India. These were formed under the Raffles Plan to segregate the immigrants. Many places of worship were also constructed during the colonial era. Sri Mariamman Temple, the Masjid Jamae mosque and the Church of Gregory the Illuminator are among those that were built during the colonial period. Work is now underway to preserve these religious sites as National Monuments of Singapore. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1200x1600, 429 KB) Skyscrapers at Raffles Place, Singapore. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1200x1600, 429 KB) Skyscrapers at Raffles Place, Singapore. ... See also List of skyscrapers Categories: Skyscrapers in Singapore | Singapore-related lists ... Modern-day Raffles Place, the financial heart of Singapore. ... Republic Plaza is one of the three tallest skyscrapers in Singapore, located at the Southern end of Raffles Place in the Downtown Core, the central business district of Singapore. ... OUB Centre (left) and UOB Plaza One (right) on Singapores skyline. ... The OUB Centre is the one of the three tallest skyscrapers in the city of Singapore, sharing the title with the UOB Plaza One and Republic Plaza. ... Lai Chun Yuan opera house in Chinatown. ... The Chinatown Heritage Centre at Pagoda Street occupies three shophouses in Chinatown, newly restored to house memories and untold stories of Singapore’s early forefathers. ... Shophouses in Little India. ... Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (6 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was the founder of the city (now country) of Singapore, and is one of the best-known of the many Britons who created the largest empire the world has ever seen. ... For other temples with the same name, see Sri Mariamman Temple. ... Masjid Jamae is a mosque in Singapore and a national momument. ... The Church of Gregory the Illuminator, or the Armenian Church of St. ... The Preservation of Monuments Board (PMB), a statutory board under the Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts (MICA), has so far gazetted 54 buildings and structures in Singapore as the National Monuments of Singapore. ...


Due to the lack of space and lack of preservation policies during the 1960s, 70s and 80s, few historical buildings remain in the Central Business District (CBD) - the Fullerton Hotel and the previously-moved Lau Pa Sat being some exceptions. However, just outside of Raffles Place, and throughout the rest of the downtown core, there is a large scattering of pre-WWII buildings - some going back nearly as far as Raffles, as with the Empress Place Building, built in 1827. Many classical buildings were destroyed during the post-war decades, up until the 1990s, when the government started strict programmes to conserve the buildings and areas of historic value. The Fullerton Hotel Singapore The Fullerton Hotel Singapore (Chinese: 浮尔顿酒店) is a five-star luxury hotel located in Downtown Core, Singapore. ... Telok Ayer Market or Lau Pa Sat Telok Ayer Market, also known colloquially as Lau Pa Sat (old market), is a historic building in Singapore, and is located in Downtown Core within the Central Area, Singapores central business district. ... The Empress Place Building currently houses the Asian Civilisations Museum. ...


Past the shopping malls are streets lined with shophouses. Many other such areas have been gazetted as historic districts. Information can be found at the URA Centre in Maxwell Road, where there are exhibits and several models of the island and its architecture. Singapore has also become a centre for postmodern architecture. Historically, the demand for high-end buildings has been in and around the Central Business District (CBD). After decades of development, the CBD has become an area with many tall office buildings. These buildings comprise the skyline along the coast of Marina Bay and Raffles Place, a tourist attraction in Singapore. Plans for tall buildings must be reviewed by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore.[86] No building in Singapore may be taller than 280 metres.[87] The three tallest buildings in Singapore, namely Republic Plaza, UOB Plaza One and OUB Centre, are all 280 metres in height. The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is the national urban planning authority of Singapore, and one of the departments under the Government of Singapore. ... 1000 de La Gauchetière, with ornamented and strongly defined top, middle and bottom. ... Republic Plaza is one of the three tallest skyscrapers in Singapore, located at the Southern end of Raffles Place in the Downtown Core, the central business district of Singapore. ... OUB Centre (left) and UOB Plaza One (right) on Singapores skyline. ... The OUB Centre is the one of the three tallest skyscrapers in the city of Singapore, sharing the title with the UOB Plaza One and Republic Plaza. ...


Resources

Water Resource

Without natural freshwater rivers and lakes, the primary domestic source of water supply in Singapore is rainfall, collected in reservoirs or catchment areas. About half of Singapore's water comes from rain collected in reservoirs. Most of the rest comes from Malaysia. The two countries have long argued about the legality of agreements to supply water that were signed in colonial times. The water resources of Singapore are especially precious given the small amount of land and territory in Singapores geography while having a large urban population in the city-state. ... Water supply is the process of self-provision or provision by third parties of water of various qualities to different users. ...


Presently, more catchment areas, facilities to recycle water (producing NEWater) and desalination plants are being built. This "four tap" strategy aims to reduce reliance on foreign supply and to diversify its water sources.


Singapore has a network of reservoirs and water catchment areas. By 2001, there were 19 raw water reservoirs, 9 treatment works and 14 storage or service reservoirs locally to serve domestic needs. Marina Barrage is a dam being constructed around the estuary of three Singapore rivers, creating by 2009 a huge freshwater reservoir, the Marina Bay reservoir.[88] When developed, this will increase the rainfall catchment to two-thirds of the country's surface area. The Marina Barrage is a dam being built in Singapore across the Marina Channel between the reclaimed lands of Marina East and Marina South. ...


Historically, Singapore relied on imports from Malaysia to supply half of its water consumption. However, the two water agreements that supply Singapore with this water are due to expire by 2011 and 2061 respectively and the two countries are engaged in a dispute on the price of water. Without a resolution in sight, the government of Singapore decided to increase self-sufficiency in its water supply.[89] More NEWater and desalination plants are being built or proposed to reduce reliance on import.[90] Bottles of NEWater for distribution during the National Day Parade celebrations of 2005 at Marina South NEWater is the brand name given to reclaimed water produced by Singapores public utilities. ...


Transport

Bukit Batok MRT Station on the North South Line, Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) Transportation in Singapore is mainly road-based. ...

International

The Port of Singapore with Sentosa island in the background.
The Port of Singapore with Sentosa island in the background.

Singapore is a major Asian transportation hub, positioned on many sea and air trade routes. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 147 pixelsFull resolution (10000 × 1842 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 147 pixelsFull resolution (10000 × 1842 pixel, file size: 2. ... Keppel Container Terminal in Singapore The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade handling functions in Singapores harbours and which handle Singapores shipping. ... The big Merlion statue on Sentosa Central Business District from the Carlsberg Sky Tower. ...


The Port of Singapore, managed by port operators PSA International and Jurong Port, was the world's busiest port in 2005 in terms of shipping tonnage handled, at 1.15 billion gross tons, and in terms of containerised traffic, at 23.2 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs). It was also the world's second busiest in terms of cargo tonnage, coming behind Shanghai with 423 million tons handled. In addition, the Port is the world's busiest for transshipment traffic and the world's biggest ship refuelling centre.[91] Keppel Container Terminal in Singapore The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade handling functions in Singapores harbours and which handle Singapores shipping. ... PSA International Pte Ltd is a global port operator. ... Jurong Port Pte Ltd is the second port operator in Singapore after being awarded its port licence by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore in 2001, the year it was corporatised. ... A long ton (sometimes known as a gross ton or weight ton) is the name used in the US for the unit called the ton in the avoirdupois or Imperial system of measurements, as used (alongside the metric system) in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries. ... Thousands of shipping containers at the terminal at Port Elizabeth, New Jersey A container ship being loaded by a portainer crane in Copenhagen Harbour A container freight train in England Part of an American doublestack container train Containerization is a system of intermodal cargo transport using standard ISO containers that... Containers in the port of Kotka (Finland) on the Baltic Sea. ... For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ... Transshipment is the shipment of goods to an intermediate destination, and then from there to yet another destination. ...

PSA Keppel
PSA Keppel

Singapore is an aviation hub for the Southeast Asian region and a stopover on the Kangaroo route between Australasia and Europe. Singapore Changi Airport has a network of 81 airlines connecting Singapore to 185 cities in 58 countries. It has been rated as one of the best international airports by international travel magazines, including being rated as the world's best airport for the first time in 2006 by Skytrax.[92]. The airport currently has three passenger terminals. There is also a budget terminal, which serves budget carrier Tiger Airways and Cebu Pacific. The national carrier is Singapore Airlines (SIA). The government is moving towards privatising Changi airport. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 980 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 980 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... The Kangaroo Route is a term trademarked by Qantas[1] to denote passenger airline flights between Australia and the United Kingdom, via the Eastern Hemisphere. ... Australasia Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Changi Airport redirects here. ... Skytrax is a United Kingdom-based researching company for commercial airlines. ... Tiger Airways Private Limited is a low-cost airline based in Singapore, with its primary hub at Singapore Changi Airport. ... Cebu Pacific Air is a low-cost airline based in Pasay City, Manila, the Philippines. ... Singapore Airlines Boeing 747-400 9V-SPA takes off from London Heathrow Airport bound for Singapore Changi Airport. ...


Singapore is linked to Johor, Malaysia via the Johor-Singapore Causeway and the Tuas Second Link, as well as a railway operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu of Malaysia, with its southern terminus at Tanjong Pagar railway station. Frequent ferry service to several nearby Indonesian ports also exists. State motto: Kepada Allah Berserah State anthem: Lagu Bangsa Johor Capital Johor Bahru Royal capital Pasir Pelangi1 Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Sultan Sultan Iskandar  - Menteri Besar Abdul Ghani Othman History    - Johor Sultanate 14th century   - British control 1914   - Japanese occupation 1942   - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948  Area  - Total 19,984... The Johor-Singapore Causeway, as viewed from the Woodlands Checkpoint in Singapore, facing towards Johor Bahru, Malaysia. ... Malaysia-Singapore Second Link Expressway (Expressway E3), also known as Linkedua Expressway was built to reduce the traffic congestion at Johor Causeway. ... Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) or Malayan Railway Limited is the main rail operator in Peninsular Malaysia. ... Tanjong Pagar railway station A Welcome to Malaysia sign was hung above the entrance of the railway station. ...

A C751B train at Eunos MRT Station on the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, one of three heavy rail passenger transport lines in Singapore.
A C751B train at Eunos MRT Station on the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, one of three heavy rail passenger transport lines in Singapore.

ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 609 KB) Summary A Kawasaki Heavy Industries - Nippon Sharyo C751 Train at Eunos MRT Station along the East West Line in Singapore. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 609 KB) Summary A Kawasaki Heavy Industries - Nippon Sharyo C751 Train at Eunos MRT Station along the East West Line in Singapore. ... Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Nippon Sharyo C751B cars are part of the newest rolling stock used in Singapores original Mass Rapid Transit network, operating on the North-South Line and the East West Line since early 2000. ... Location Eunos MRT Station A C751B train at Eunos Station Eunos MRT Station (EW7) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit station on the East West Line in Singapore. ... A diagram of the physical spread of the MRT network across the island (includes lines under construction). ...

Domestic

The domestic transport infrastructure has a well-connected island-wide road transport system which includes a network of expressways. The public road system is served by the nation's bus service and a number of licensed taxi-operating companies. The public bus transport has been the subject of criticism by Singaporeans, the majority of whom are dependent on it for their daily commuting. Since 1987, the heavy rail passenger Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) metro system has been in operation. The MRT has been further augmented by the Light Rail Transit (LRT) light rail system, adds accessibility to housing estates. Established in 2001, EZ-Link system allows contactless smartcards to serve as stored value tickets for use in the public transport systems in Singapore. Road transport in Singapore History Geylang Road was one of the earliest roads built in Singapore. ... Clementi section of the Ayer Rajah Expressway. ... The logo of the Public Transport System A typical bus stop in Singapore. ... For specific countries see Taxicabs around the world. ... A diagram of the physical spread of the MRT network across the island (includes lines under construction). ... A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway — usually in an urban area — with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ... A housing estate is a medium-to-low density residential area, usually part of a suburb of a town or city in a developed country. ... A standard adult EZ-Link card. ... Smart card used for health insurance in France. ...


More than 2.85 million people use the bus network daily, while more than 1.5 million people use either the LRT or MRT as part of their daily routine.[93] Approximately 945,000 people use the taxi services daily.[93] Private vehicle use in the Central Area is discouraged by tolls implemented during hours of heavy road traffic, through an Electronic Road Pricing system. Private vehicle ownership is discouraged by high vehicle taxes and imposing quotas on vehicle purchase.
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... ERP gantry at North Bridge Road The Electronic Road Pricing (Abbreviation: ERP; Chinese: 电子道路收费系统; Malay: Sistem Kadar Jalan Elektronik) scheme is an electronic toll collection scheme adopted in Singapore to manage traffic by road pricing, and as a usage-based taxation mechanism to complement the purchase-based Certificate of Entitlement system. ... The Certificate of Entitlement (CoE) is a scheme instituted by the government of Singapore to curb car ownership, and hence, the number of vehicles on the countrys roads. ...


Notes

  1. ^ Singapore: History. Asian Studies Network Information Center. Retrieved on 2007-11-02.
  2. ^ a b Population - latest data. Singapore Department of Statistics Singapore (2007-11-30). Retrieved on 2007-12-04.
  3. ^ GDP Latest Data - Singapore Department of Statistics Singapore (2008-02-14) retrieved on 2008-02-16
  4. ^ Flavours of Singapore. Uniquely Singapore. Singapore Tourism Board. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
  5. ^ "The 30 Greatest Battles of World War II.
  6. ^ List of GDP per capita by country. International Monetary Fund. Singapore is 44th (as on 2006).
  7. ^ Official Foreign Reserves. Statistics Singapore. Monetary Authority of Singapore. Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
  8. ^ CIA - The World Factbook - Singapore. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved on 2007-08-07.
  9. ^ Country Report: Singapore. Freedom House. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
  10. ^ Singapore. bartleby.com. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  11. ^ Early History. Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Singapore. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  12. ^ Studying In Singapore. Search Singapore Pte Ltd. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  13. ^ [www.24hrart.org.au/pdf's/Utama_Every.pdf Sang Nila Utama]. 24hr Art. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  14. ^ Country Studies. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-01.
  15. ^ Singapore - Precolonial Era. U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-06-18.
  16. ^ Founding of Modern Singapore. Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Singapore. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  17. ^ Ron Taylor. Fall of Malaya and Singapore. Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
  18. ^ Road to Independence. U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  19. ^ Country profile: Singapore. BBC News. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  20. ^ Parliamentary Elections Act (Cap. 218, 2001 Rev. Ed.)
  21. ^ Worthington (2002), Mauzy and Milne (2002).
  22. ^ Economist Intelligence Unit democracy index 2006 (PDF) (English). Economist Intelligence Unit (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-13.
  23. ^ Country Report: Singapore. Freedom House (2006).
  24. ^ Worldwide Press Freedom Index. Retrieved on 2006-04-13.
  25. ^ Transparency International - Corruption Perceptions Index 2006. Retrieved on 2007-02-03.
  26. ^ "Third racist blogger sentenced to 24 months supervised probation", Channel NewsAsia, 2005-11-23. 
  27. ^ Amnesty International. The death penalty: A hidden toll of executions. Retrieved on 2006-06-07.
  28. ^ Ministry of Home Affairs, Singapore (2004-01-30). "The Singapore Government's Response To Amnesty International's Report "Singapore - The Death Penalty: A Hidden Toll Of Executions"". Press release.
  29. ^ Towards Environmental Sustainability, State of the Environment 2005 Report (PDF). Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  30. ^ Climate of Singapore. National Environment Agency, Singapore. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  31. ^ Earthtrends country profile.
  32. ^ Gross Domestic Product by Industry (PDF) (English). Singapore Department of Statistics (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-13.
  33. ^ Xilinx (14 Sep 2007). "Xilinx Underscores Commitment To Asia Pacific Market At Official Opening Of New Regional Headquarters Building In Singapore". Press release. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.
  34. ^ 2006 shipping figures.
  35. ^ MAS Annual Report 2005/2006. Monetary Authority of Singapore.
  36. ^ Wong Choon Mei. "Singapore the most business-friendly economy in the world: World Bank", Singapore News, Singapore: Channel NewsAsia, 2006-09-06. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. "Singapore has been rated as the most business-friendly economy in the world. According to a World Bank-IFC report, Singapore beats previous winner New Zealand for the top spot in the 2005/2006 rankings while the United States came in third." 
  37. ^ "Singapore top paradise for business: World Bank", Washington: AFP, 2007-09-26. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. "SINGAPORE once again topped the World Bank's ranks for the best place in the world to do business, and Egypt is the leader in reforms to invite more business, the World Bank said on Tuesday. 'For the second year running, Singapore tops the aggregate rankings on the ease of doing business' in 2006 to 2007, the World Bank said in releasing its 'Doing Business 2008' report. www.Singaporeian.com" 
  38. ^ Performance of the Singapore Economy in 2005, Ministry of Trade and Industry (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  39. ^ Dominique Loh. "Singapore's economy grows by 7.7 percent in 2006", Channel NewsAsia, 31 December 2006. 
  40. ^ PM Lee calls on Singaporeans to make country a special home. Retrieved on 2007-08-09.
  41. ^ Per Capita GDP at Current Market Prices. Singapore Department of Statistics (2006-02-16).
  42. ^ a b Manpower Research and Statistics Department. Employment Situation In Third Quarter 2007: Unemployment rate dropped to pre-Asian crisis level amid continued strong employment creation. Singapore Ministry of Manpower. Retrieved on 2007-12-30.
  43. ^ a b Ramesh, S. "Singapore's economy grows 7.5% in 2007: PM Lee", Channel NewsAsia. 
  44. ^ FY 1996 Budget, Revenue And Tax Changes. Retrieved on 2006-05-01.
  45. ^ GST rate to rise to 7 percent from July 1. Retrieved on 2007-02-15.
  46. ^ Record Year As Tourism Exceeds 2006 Targets With S$12.4 Billion Tourism Receipts And 9.7 Million Visitor Arrivals. Singapore Tourism Board. Retrieved on 2007-04-21.
  47. ^ Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore). "Proposal to develop Integrated Resorts - Ministerial Statement by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong on 18 April 2005". Press release.
  48. ^ URA News Releases: Let Bright Ideas Light Up Singapore. Urban Renewal Authority. Retrieved on 2007-12-29.
  49. ^ Dogra, Sapna. Medical tourism boom takes Singapore by storm. India: Express Healthcare Management. Retrieved on 2007-12-29.
  50. ^ Singapore Free Trade Agreements. International Enterprise Singapore. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
  51. ^ Low Siang Kok, Director (Quality), Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore [2002-06-22]. "Chapter 6: Singapore Electronic Legal Tender (SELT) – A Proposed Concept", The Future of Money / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (PDF), France: OECD Publications, p.147. ISBN 92-64-19672-2. Retrieved on 2007-12-28. “The Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore (BCCS) was established on 7 April 1967 by the enactment of the Currency Act (Chapter 69). It has the sole right to issue currency notes and coins as legal tender in Singapore.” 
  52. ^ a b c The Currency History of Singapore. Monetary Authority of Singapore (2007-04-09). Retrieved on 2007-12-28. “On 12 June 1967, the currency union which had been operating for 29 years came to an end, and the three participating countries, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei each issued its own currency. The currencies of the 3 countries were interchangeable at par value under the Interchangeability Agreement until 8 May 1973 when the Malaysian government decided to terminate it. Brunei and Singapore however continue with the Agreement until the present day.”
  53. ^ a b Joint Press Release by the Ministry of Finance, Brunei Darussalam and the Monetary Authority of Singapore Commemorating the 40th Anniversary the Currency Interchangeability Agreement. Monetary Authority of Singapore (2007-06-27). Retrieved on 2007-12-28. “SINGAPORE, 27 June 2007... Brunei Darussalam and Singapore today celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the Currency Interchangeability Agreement. To mark the auspicious occasion, His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah, The Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam and His Excellency Mr. Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore jointly launched the new $20 polymer notes issued by the two countries in a ceremony held at Istana Nurul Iman in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.”
  54. ^ Annex 1. Commemorating the 40th Anniversary the Currency Interchangeability Agreement. Monetary Authority of Singapore (2007-06-27). Retrieved on 2007-12-28. “As this is a joint issue by Brunei Darussalam and Singapore, the $20 notes will have common predominant orange colour and common back design.”
  55. ^ Peacekeepers :: In the Service of Peace. Retrieved on 2006-05-01.
  56. ^ MINDEF - The 3rd Generation SAF. Ministry of Defence. Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
  57. ^ Huxley, Tim (2001). Defending the Lion City. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-118-3. 
  58. ^ Singapore PUBLIC ORDER AND INTERNAL SECURITY - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
  59. ^ "Good job, police", The Straits Times, 24 January 2000. 
  60. ^ "Singapore is so safe some don't even lock up: survey", The Straits Times. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 
  61. ^ Singapore Statistic. Singapore Statistic. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
  62. ^ Baby Bonus. Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports. Retrieved on 2006-11-01.
  63. ^ CIA - Singapore
  64. ^ Singapore's birth trend outlook remains dismal. Channel NewsAsia.
  65. ^ Census of Population 2000 by religion, ethnic group, and gender. Statistics Singapore. Singapore Department of Statistics. Retrieved on 2007-03-12.
  66. ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2002: Singapore
  67. ^ Singapore: CONCODOC 1998 report
  68. ^ Education System:Secondary. Retrieved on 2006-05-01.
  69. ^ Hoe Yeen Nie. "More tertiary options in 2008 and beyond", Channel News Asia, 2007-12-18. Retrieved on 2007-12-18. 
  70. ^ Singapore Economic Development Board (2006-02-01). Singapore: The Global Schoolhouse. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
  71. ^ John Burton. "Warwick’s decision disrupts Singapore’s plans", Financial Times, 2005-10-20. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. 
  72. ^ Derrick A Paulo. "Shock closure of UNSW in Singapore", ChannelNewsAsia, 2007-05-24. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. 
  73. ^ Programme For Rebuilding and Improving Existing schools (PRIME). MOE-PRIME, Ministry of Education. Retrieved on 2007-05-15.
  74. ^ Eight More Schools to Benefit from Upgrading. Ministry of Education Press Releases. Retrieved on 2007-05-15.
  75. ^ Singapore Missions Worldwide. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore (31 March 2007).
  76. ^ No sign of deal in Malaysia-Singapore water talks
  77. ^ "Judgement on Pedra Branca expected by next September", Channel News Asia, 24 Nov 2007
  78. ^ In reality, there are very few people in Singapore who can claim to be truly indigenous to the island of Singapore. Other than people who can trace their ancestry to the small number of Orang Laut and Malay fisherfolk living on the island then, the peoples of Singapore {including the Malays} are basically descendants of immigrants who came to Singapore to take advantage of the economic opportunities made available by the founding of modern Singapore by Raffles.
  79. ^ Renaissance City Report: Culture and the Arts in Renaissance Singapore (Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts). Retrieved on 2006-05-01.
  80. ^ Virtual Tourist: Reviews of Esplanade (Theatres by the Bay). Retrieved on 2006-03-28.
  81. ^ Media Overview. Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts. Retrieved on 17 September 2006.
  82. ^ Media 21: Transforming Singapore into a Global Media City. Media Development Authority Singapore. Retrieved on 17 September 2006.
  83. ^ News - Singapore confirms 2008 night race. Formula1.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-18.
  84. ^ SingTel to sponsor first Singapore Grand Prix. Formula1.com (2007-11-16). Retrieved on 2007-12-10.
  85. ^ Youth Olympic Games 2010 (Singapore). Retrieved on 2008-03-15.
  86. ^ Building Height Restriction Map. Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore.
  87. ^ Liechtenstein – Singapore: a comparison.
  88. ^ "Marina Barrage", PUB, 2007-09-23. 
  89. ^ Clean Water. Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  90. ^ Clean Water. Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, Singapore. Retrieved on 2006-04-14.
  91. ^ "Singapore remains world's busiest port", Xinhuanet, 2006-01-12. 
  92. ^ 2006 Airport of the Year result. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
  93. ^ a b 2007 Average Daily Ridership. Retrieved on 2008-03-01.

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 338th day of the year (339th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... O2 can refer to: Oxygen O2 plc, a telecommunications company. ... Events First year of tianfeng era of the Chinese Xin Dynasty. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... O2 can refer to: Oxygen O2 plc, a telecommunications company. ... Events A Roman army of 90,000 men commanded by Germanicus gains a victory at Idistaviso, defeating the German war chief Arminius and capturing his wife Thusnelda, and recovering the lost eagles of Varus legions. ... The Singapore Tourism Board is a government agency in Singapore, tasked to promote the countrys tourism industry. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Monetary Authority of Singapore is Singapores central bank. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This entity, also known as EIU is part of The Economist Group. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Freedom House is a United States-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom and human rights. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For information on Wikipedia press releases, see Wikipedia:Press releases. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Xilinx, Inc. ... For information on Wikipedia press releases, see Wikipedia:Press releases. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Monetary Authority of Singapore is Singapores central bank. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Channel NewsAsia (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; abbreviated CNA) is a pan-Asian news channel based in Singapore and owned by MediaCorp. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Singapore Tourism Board is a government agency in Singapore, tasked to promote the countrys tourism industry. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For information on Wikipedia press releases, see Wikipedia:Press releases. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Straits Times is an English-language broadsheet newspaper based in Singapore, currently owned by the Singapore Press Holdings (SPH). ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Straits Times is an English-language broadsheet newspaper based in Singapore, currently owned by the Singapore Press Holdings (SPH). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Formula One - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Formula One - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

  • Hill, Michael, & Kwen Fee Lian (1995). The Politics of Nation Building and Citizenship in Singapore. Routledge. ISBN 041512025X
  • Mauzy, Diane K. & R. S. Milne (2002). Singapore Politics: Under the People's Action Party. Routledge. ISBN 0415246539. 
  • Tan, Kenneth Paul (2007). Renaissance Singapore? Economy, Culture, and Politics. NUS Press. ISBN 9971693770. 
  • Yew, Lee Kuan (2000). From Third World To First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060197765
  • Worthington, Ross (2002). Governance in Singapore. Routledge/Curzon. ISBN 070071474X. 
  • Census of Population (2000). Singapore Department of Statistics. Retrieved on 11 January, 2000.
  • Key Facts & Figures. Ministry of Transport, Singapore. Retrieved on 11 January, 2003.
  • Nation's History. Singapore Infomap. Retrieved on 11 January, 2004.
  • MOE-PRIME. Programme For Rebuilding and IMproving Existing schools (PRIME). Retrieved on 15 May, 2007.
  • Press Releases. Eight More Schools to Benefit from Upgrading. Retrieved on 15 May, 2007.

This article incorporates public domain text from the websites of Singapore Department of Statistics, United States Department of State, the United States Library of Congress & CIA World Factbook (2004). Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The World Factbook (ISSN 1553-8133; also known as the CIA World Factbook)[2] is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. ...


External links

This article contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
Image:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg This article contains Indic text.
Without rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Indic characters; or irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts.
Find more about Singapore on Wikipedia's sister projects:
Dictionary definitions
Textbooks
Quotations
Source texts
Images and media
News stories
Learning resources
Singapore Portal

Image File history File links Zhongwen. ... The UTF-8-encoded Japanese Wikipedia article for mojibake, as displayed in ISO-8859-1 encoding. ... Japanese name Kanji: Hiragana: Korean name Hangul: Hanja: Vietnamese name Quốc ngữ: Hán tá»±: A Chinese character or Han character (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a logogram used in writing Chinese, Japanese, rarely Korean, and formerly Vietnamese. ... Image File history File links Example. ... The UTF-8-encoded Japanese Wikipedia article for mojibake, as displayed in ISO-8859-1 encoding. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiversity-logo-Snorky. ...

General Information

  • Singapore Infomap
  • Singapore Government Directory Interactive
  • Singapore Government Online Portal
  • Gateway To All Government Services
  • Singapore National Service Portal
  • Singapore Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority
  • Amnesty International's 2005 report on Singapore
  • CIA World Factbook Entry for Singapore
  • Singapore Department of Statistics Annual Data
  • Memories of Asia

Travel

Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ...

Maps

  • WikiSatellite view of Singapore at WikiMapia